U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIGITAL DATA SERIES DDS-18-A National Geochemical Data Base: National Uranium Resource Evaluation Data for the Conterminous United States GETTING STARTED -- A BRIEF TUTORIAL 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � **** NOTE **** � � � � We HIGHLY RECOMMENDED that you take the time to go � � through this tutorial. Steps included in it will � � greatly speed subsequent use of the software. � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 If you have not already done so, make the CD-ROM drive the active drive and type INSTALL. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation. The NURE48 Main Menu is displayed automatically after you have completed the installation procedure. To return to the NURE48 Main Menu if you have previously completed the installation procedure, change to the NURE48 directory on the hard disk drive on which you installed the CD-ROM, and type the command NURE48. Within the system menus, options may be selected by pressing the highlighted letter of the option, by moving the highlight bar using the up- and down-arrow keys and pressing , or by moving the highlight bar using the mouse and clicking the button. Print a hard copy of the "Overview" and "Getting Started" options from the NURE48 Main Menu as follows: Highlight "Overview", then press . Wait until the document is displayed, then press . Do the same for the "Getting Started" option. Save the hard copies for future reference. This tutorial is a search and retrieval exercise using the NURE data for the conterminous United States. In this tutorial, you will search for and retrieve the records for -100 mesh sediments from dry streams from the Silver City, NM, quadrangle, narrow the search to those records that have two different levels of detectable silver, output the records to ASCII and MAPPER graphics files, and use MAPPER to look at the map quadrangle coverage and the locations of the retrieved records. Lesson 1: Using GSSEARCH to retrieve records Step 1. Make sure that the NURE48 Main Menu is displayed. Select the "Search NURE conterminous U.S. data" line of the menu. You will then see the GSSEARCH Selection window. As you make or change selections in your search criteria, the resulting selections appear in this window. The menu bar at the bottom of the window shows the options you may select at this point. Within GSSEARCH, you can use three methods to select an option. The first method is to use the left- and right-arrow keys (or up- and down-arrow keys) to highlight the option you want and then press . The second method is to press the highlighted letter of the option you want. The third option is to use the mouse to move the cursor over the option and double-click . At any time during the option selection process, you can press to view HELP information for the highlighted selection. After pressing , use the up- and down-arrow keys to select either "DATABASE INFO" or "PROGRAM INFO". At any time, you can return to the previous window by pressing or clicking . Step 2. Begin choosing your first search criterion by selecting "Add". You can now scroll through a list of all the indexed fields in the data base using the up- and down-arrow keys. You can include any combination of these fields in a search. Step 3. Select the "QUAD" index and press . A divided window will open. The upper portion of this window is for entering a search term such as a quadrangle name. As you type, the first match to the characters you have typed appears highlighted. Uppercase and lowercase will be read the same. When the desired search term is in the upper window, press to make it a search criterion. The lower portion of the window contains a list of the 1:250,000 scale quadrangles in the data base and the corresponding number of records in the data base. You also can select a quadrangle name from this list by highlighting it and pressing . Step 4. Select "SILVER CITY". The search term SILVER CITY will be copied to the GSSEARCH Selection window. The righthand side of the window displays the number of occurrences of the quadrangle name "SILVER CITY" in the data base. Step 5. Select "Add", then select "AND". Step 6. Select "SAMPTYP" in the INDEXES window. The resulting list in the window displays the code for each sample type and the corresponding number of records in the data base. To display detailed explanations of the sample type codes, press and select "DATABASE INFO". Press the key to return to the previous window. Step 7. Select sample type code 15 (-100 mesh sediments from a dry stream). You now have created search criteria that will search for all the records where QUAD=SILVER CITY AND SAMPTYP=15. The GSSEARCH Selection window contains both the search criteria and their corresponding record counts. To add search criteria, you must connect them to the previous criteria, using AND, OR, or NOT. AND narrows a search; OR widens a search; NOT excludes criteria from a search set. You will likely use AND for most retrievals you will want to run. At times, you may want to use OR or NOT. You are now ready to run the search. Logical operations are performed in the sequence that they appear in the window. Step 8. Select "Search" on the menu bar. The software first searches for each search criterion, and then performs a logical merge of the criteria. The number of records that satisfy the search criteria, known as "hits," appears in the lower right corner of the GSSEARCH Selection window. For this exercise, that number should be 1149. Lesson 2: Narrowing a search. Step 9. Select the "Add" option on the menu bar to modify the search criteria set already in use to narrow the search. Select "AND". Add silver to the search criteria by selecting the AG index in a similar manner as in step 3. The right-hand window now shows silver concentrations in ppb for all records in the data base. See the HELP files for additional information on selecting element concentration values. Step 10. Search for only those records with silver concentrations of greater than or equal to 2000 ppb (2 ppm) by pressing and > at the same time. Then select the value 2000 and press . Do not use a comma when entering numbers into a search set. Now the GSSEARCH Selection window displays all three search criteria. Note that the entire silver concentration range (2000 ppb to 69,845,000 ppb) is displayed. Step 11. Run the amended search by selecting "Search" on the menu bar. The search now running is looking for all records of sample type 15 in the Silver City quadrangle with silver concentrations of greater than or equal to 2000 ppb. After a search has been completed, the number 13 will appear in the lower right corner of GSSEARCH Selection window. That number indicates that 13 records satisfy the amended search criteria. Step 12. Edit the search criteria by selecting "Edit". Use the down-arrow key to move the highlight bar until you have highlighted the silver concentration criterion. Press to select this line for editing. Reselect "AND" and the AG index. (You can retain or change any of the search criteria.) Select a range of greater than or equal to 5000 and press . Now press to exit the editor. Run the amended search by selecting the "Search" option from the menu bar as before. This search will result in four records as indicated in the lower right corner of the GSSEARCH Selection window. Lesson 3. Viewing the search results and writing them to your hard disk. Step 13. View the records that satisfied the search criteria by selecting the "Display" option on the menu bar. The first Browse screen is now shown. Five browse formats are available as indicated by "12345 Format" in the lower right-hand corner of the screen. Step 14. Press <2>, <3>, <4>, and <5> sequentially to display the other four Browse screens. Press <1> to redisplay the first Browse screen. In each Browse screen, a one-line summary of each record that satisfied the search criteria will be displayed. As many as fifteen records (or as many records as will fit into the available memory) will be displayed per screen. The up and down arrow keys and and allow movement between blocks of records. Step 15. Tag the first and last records for output by moving the highlight bar to the first record and pressing to tag that record, then pressing to move the highlight to the last record and pressing to tag it. Note the red triangles at the left of both record lines. To remove the tag of a highlighted record, press . To tag all the retrieved records, press and at the same time; to remove all tags, press and at the same time. Step 16. Press to display the first pull-down Output menu. In the Output menu system, press to back up one menu and press to exit the Output system. The Records menu allows selection of All records or Tagged records. If any records have been tagged, the menu will automatically have the "Tagged" option highlighted. Step 17. Select all records by highlighting "All" and pressing . Step 18. Press to select the columnar ASCII output format. The Format menu allows selection of output format. You may choose columnar ASCII, fixed-field ASCII, delimited ASCII, DBase, or MAPPER graphics. Step 19. Press for "Selected" to select fields for output. The Field menu allows selection of all or selected fields. Step 20. Following the OUTPUT FIELDS menu in the top right corner of the screen, select and tag the LASLID, QUAD, LAT, LONG, SAMPTYP, AG, CU, PB, and ZN fields. Press to accept the field selections. Select fields in much the same way as you tagged records for output. Move the highlight to the desired field and press . Press to remove a tag from the highlighted field. When fields have already been selected, an intermediate menu gives you the option of using the existing selection, editing the existing selection, or making a new selection. Step 21. Press to exclude null fields. The Null Fields menu gives you the option of retaining or excluding any null (empty) data fields in the tagged records. Pressing will retain them. This option is available only for columnar ASCII format output. Step 22. Press to send the output to a disk file. The Destination menu gives the option of directing the output to the printer or a disk file. The printer option is available only for the columnar ASCII format. This menu does not appear if other formats are chosen. A message will appear showing the default path and name for the output file. The default extensions are .ASC for columnar ASCII format; .FIX for fixed-field ASCII format; .LIM for delimited ASCII format; .DBF for dBase format; .GRF for MAPPER graphics format. Step 23. Edit the path and name as desired. Press to save the file with that pathname. If a file already exists with that name, you will be given the opportunity to edit the name, to overwrite the existing file, or to append the new data to the existing file. The file append option is not available for DBase format output. Upon completion of the save, the software will cause the speaker to beep. Step 24. Press enough times to restore the browse screen. Lesson 4. Selecting display options. Step 25. Move the highlight bar to any record and press to view the full record. The menu bar at the bottom explains the options available at this point. Scrolling allows you to view the entire record. The RECORD TAGGED flag in the upper left corner of the record box indicates if a record has been tagged for output. Pressing removes the tag. You can move to the next record by pressing <+>; pressing <-> moves back to the previous record. Pressing brings up the Display Options menu. You may select fields to display, select from three highlighting options, select single or double spacing, and choose to retain or exclude null (empty) fields. Step 26. Press enough times to restore the browse screen. Lesson 5. Creating a graphics format file for display using MAPPER. Step 27. Press to invoke the output menus again. Press to select All records. Press to select GRF output format. Press to select magenta for the color for the display of the output records locations. Step 28. Edit the file name prefix to SILVER. Accept the file name by pressing . You may edit the file prefix only. MAPPER.EXE will only find graphics files ending in .GRF in the directory from which it was started. Therefore, the path and the .GRF extension may not be changed. You may append new output to an existing .GRF file. Step 29. Press enough times to return to the GSSEARCH Selection window. The GSSEARCH Selection window is the one in which you entered the search criteria. Step 30. Save the search criteria to a .SET file on your hard disk. Select "SetFile", and then select "Save". Change the .SET file name to SILVER.SET, and press to save the search criteria. Step 31. Erase the current search criteria from the screen by selecting "Clear". Step 32. Select "SetFile", and then "Load". You will then see a window that shows directories that match the *.* wildcard, enclosed in angle brackets, and the files that match the "*.SET" wildcard. Disk drives are enclosed in square brackets. Step 33. Press to display the HELP screen. Read the contents of this HELP screen. Press to return to the file selection window. Press to show information about the highlighted file or directory. Step 34. Type SILVER to move the highlight to SILVER.SET. Press and at the same time to view this file. Press to exit the file viewer. Press . You can view a .SET file, but you cannot change it. If search criteria are already in use, that is, in memory, the selected search criteria loaded from your hard disk will be appended to the existing criteria. You could use SILVER.SET to rerun the original search. Step 35. Instead, return to the NURE48 Main Menu by selecting "Quit" on the menu bar. Lesson 6. Using MAPPER to display the graphics format file. Next you will display a map of the conterminous United States, and plot the locations of the records you just selected. Step 36. Make sure that the NURE48 Main Menu window is displayed. Select the "View NURE48 Coverage Map" option. Step 37. Press to select from the menu now displayed the one file, listed as NURE48.?MP, where the ? character is X, V, or E, depending on the type of graphics adapter board in your PC. A map of the conterminous United States will be drawn on the screen, with national and state boundaries, major rivers, and waterways. The NURE coverage quadrangle outlines will be in green. A menu bar will appear at the top of the screen. Step 38. Select "Analyze". A new menu bar will appear. Display the names of the quadrangles by first selecting "Plot" and pressing to display the Plot submenu. (You can access other MAPPER submenu items in the same manner.) Then select "Graph" from the submenu. A small window will appear with the names of the .GRF files available. In this case, the files are N48NAMES.GRF, which contains the names of the quadrangles included in the NURE data for the conterminous U.S., and SILVER.GRF, which you just made in GSSEARCH. Step 39. Select N48NAMES.GRF. Because of limited space on the map at the base zoom level, only the first four letters of the quadrangle name will be displayed. Step 40. Select "System" and press to display the submenu. Select "Zoom". A box will be drawn on the screen. You will manipulate this box in the next two steps. Step 41. Select "Move Box". Move the mouse cursor to the Silver City quadrangle, and click . Click to redisplay the "Zoom" menu. The Silver City quadrangle is located in southwestern New Mexico. Step 42. Select "Smaller", and click to make the box smaller until it covers about a three quadrangle by three quadrangle area. Accept that size by clicking . If you make the box too small, select "Larger" and make the box larger by clicking until you have sized the box properly. Click to accept the size. Step 43. Select "Exit & Plot". The zoomed map will be drawn on the screen. This time county boundaries and more detailed waterways will be drawn. Since the zoomed map is being built from the digital data files, this process takes some time, so be patient. Step 44. Select "Plot", and then select "Graph" from the submenu. The same small window that you saw in Step 39 will appear with the names of the .GRF files available. Step 45. Select N48NAMES.GRF. The complete names of the quadrangles selected will be displayed. Step 46. Repeat Step 44, then select SILVER.GRF. The locations of the records saved in Step 28 will be displayed as small magenta plus signs. Only .GRF files in the directory from which MAPPER was started (i.e. \NURE48 on your hard disk) will be found by the MAPPER software. Step 47. Save the zoomed map image and graphics to the \NURE48 directory on your hard disk. This will speed any subsequent loadings of the zoomed map considerably. Select "Return" from the menu at the top of the screen and then select "Map" to display the Map submenu. Select "Save" from the submenu. The map will automatically be saved as MAPPER00.?MP, where the ? character is X, V, or E, depending on the type of graphics adapter board in your PC. You can load this map file again when needed. It may be renamed to make it more meaningful, but the file extension must not be changed. Any maps saved subsequently will be called MAPPER01.?MP, MAPPER02.?MP, etc. These map files will then be displayed and may be selected from the map file menu (Step 37). The MAPPER map file selection software first looks for map files in the directory from which it was started, in this case the \NURE48 directory on your hard disk. If any are found they are listed in the file menu. If none are found it automatically looks in the directory where MAPPER.EXE is located, in this case the \MAPPER directory on the CD-ROM drive. It then looks in any alternate paths which may be specified in the MAPPER command line. These alternate paths may be accessed by pressing at the file selection menu. Information on how to add an alternate path to the MAPPER command line is included in PROBLEMS.DOC in the \DOCFILES directory of this CD-ROM. Step 48. Return to the NURE48 Main Menu level by selecting "QUIT". Press to exit the Main Menu and return to DOS. You have now completed a brief tutorial running GSSEARCH and MAPPER using NURE data for the conterminous United States. Remember that if you use the dBASE output option and select all fields, 184 fields will be output. The dBase software system you use may not be capable of handling more than 127 fields. Check your manual(s) to determine the number of fields that your system can process. If you encounter problems running the software, additional help is available in PROBLEMS.DOC, found in the DOCS directory. A more complete tutorial on the use of MAPPER and related software is located in the MAPPER/TUTORIAL directory on the CD-ROM.