Table 4.  Industrial Sector Energy Price and Expenditure Estimates by Source, Selected Years, 1970-2006, United States
Year	Primary Energy																									Retail Electricity	Total Energy f,g
	Coal			Coal Coke		Natural Gas a		Petroleum														Biomass e		Total f,g
	Coking Coal	Steam Coal	Total	Exports	Imports			Asphalt and Road Oil		Distillate Fuel Oil	Kerosene		LPG b	Lubricants		Motor Gasoline c		Residual Fuel Oil	Other d	Total
	Prices in Nominal Dollars per Million Btu
1970	0.45	0.44	0.45	1.27	0.93	0.38		0.68		0.72	0.77		1.10	5.08		2.86		0.46	1.07	0.98		1.59		0.61		2.99	0.84
1971	0.52	0.47	0.50	1.20	1.17	0.41		0.79		0.75	0.81		1.16	5.27		2.91		0.62	1.10	1.05		1.59		0.67		3.22	0.92
1972	0.59	0.51	0.55	1.01	1.01	0.46		0.82		0.75	0.81		1.18	5.58		2.87		0.60	1.10	1.05		1.59		0.71		3.40	0.99
1973	0.68	0.53	0.63	0.96	1.47	0.50		0.84		0.92	0.97		1.31	5.33		3.13		0.73	1.26	1.18		1.60		0.80		3.66	1.10
1974	1.36	0.99	1.22	1.37	2.20	0.67		1.60		2.02	2.14		2.42	7.22		4.31		1.82	2.25	2.24		1.60		1.39		4.95	1.78
1975	1.65	1.28	1.50	2.37	3.47	0.95		1.89		2.23	2.34		2.51	7.48		4.65		1.91	2.70	2.46		1.60		1.67		6.07	2.20
1976	1.65	1.25	1.50	2.05	3.41	1.21		1.86		2.38	2.58		2.70	7.05		4.87		1.90	3.00	2.57		1.60		1.84		6.48	2.43
1977	1.72	1.31	1.56	2.32	3.06	1.48		1.95		2.68	2.91		3.14	6.97		5.16		2.15	3.28	2.84		1.59		2.11		7.33	2.78
1978	1.94	1.46	1.73	2.87	2.90	1.66		2.13		2.82	3.09		3.12	7.60		5.27		2.12	3.40	2.96		1.60		2.26		8.18	3.03
1979	1.89	1.55	1.75	2.26	3.45	1.96		2.58		3.85	4.32		4.07	10.21		7.16		2.76	4.79	3.99		1.60		2.84		8.94	3.63
1980	2.10	1.56	1.87	2.54	3.19	2.51	[R ]	3.68		5.54	6.30		5.18	14.36		9.82		3.69	7.32	5.75		1.67		3.77		10.81	4.71
1981	2.34	1.75	2.06	2.55	3.28	3.07		5.02		6.52	7.22		5.76	18.00		10.89		4.48	8.58	6.84		1.67		4.39		12.57	5.52
1982	2.43	1.84	2.09	2.49	3.10	3.80		4.24		6.61	7.41		6.19	17.25		10.43		4.46	7.74	6.51		1.67		4.65		14.51	6.06	[R ]
1983	2.14	1.75	1.91	2.76	2.25	4.10		4.32		6.58	6.92		6.66	16.98		9.25		4.38	7.55	6.57		1.67		4.68		14.54	6.21
1984	2.09	1.79	1.91	2.68	3.27	4.12	[R ]	4.54		6.54	7.11	[R ]	6.49	17.63		8.98		4.73	7.43	6.56		1.67		4.67		14.16	6.12
1985	2.03	1.81	1.90	2.76	2.99	3.86	[R ]	4.77		6.26	6.86		5.91	17.61		9.07		4.24	7.16	6.29		1.67		4.45		14.57	6.04	[R ]
1986	1.90	1.74	1.80	2.63	3.11	3.19	[R ]	4.34		4.04	4.77		5.87	15.59		6.80		2.47	4.61	4.92		1.65		3.64		14.45	5.36
1987	1.74	1.63	1.67	3.37	2.40	2.88		3.56		4.51	4.66		5.41	13.58		7.25		2.86	5.22	4.96		1.65		3.51		13.98	5.17
1988	1.79	1.61	1.68	2.85	2.90	2.89	[R ]	3.39		4.14	4.34		5.22	14.62		7.32		2.34	4.38	4.62		1.65		3.34		13.78	5.00
1989	1.78	1.61	1.68	2.98	3.79	2.93		2.95		4.82	5.25		4.27	14.48		8.05		2.75	5.15	4.69		1.20	[h ]	3.26	[h ]	13.85	4.92	[h ]
1990	1.79	1.62	1.69	3.53	3.80	2.95		3.02		5.90	6.61		5.66	14.60		9.15		3.10	5.80	5.48		0.99		3.59		13.92	5.23
1991	1.83	1.58	1.67	2.86	3.41	2.80		3.14		5.30	5.75		5.71	16.80		8.95		2.44	5.20	5.31		1.14		3.47		14.18	5.19	[R ]
1992	1.83	1.62	1.69	2.78	3.35	2.91		2.50		5.17	5.00		5.18	18.32		8.94		2.46	5.02	5.00		1.13		3.43		14.18	5.14	[R ]
1993	1.79	1.54	1.63	2.88	3.22	3.12		2.90		5.09	4.84		5.14	18.96		8.82		2.41	4.69	4.93		1.12		3.46		14.22	5.16
1994	1.73	1.57	1.62	2.46	3.31	3.08	[R ]	2.93		4.87	5.00		5.62	19.11		8.96		2.50	4.52	5.04		1.15		3.50		14.00	5.15
1995	1.76	1.56	1.63	2.71	3.43	2.79	[R ]	3.18		4.86	4.55		5.55	19.41		9.17		2.75	4.86	5.20		1.21		3.39		13.68	4.98	[R ]
1996	1.77	1.54	1.62	2.20	3.87	3.30		3.29		5.80	5.62		6.93	20.08		9.83		3.25	5.62	6.04		1.01		3.91		13.49	5.40
1997	1.79	1.54	1.62	2.64	3.25	3.53		3.54		5.43	5.12		6.24	17.98		9.80		3.03	5.27	5.68		1.01		3.90		13.29	5.34
1998	1.69	1.53	1.58	3.73	3.07	3.16		3.43		4.21	3.80		4.74	19.07		8.43		2.25	3.67	4.54		1.24		3.36		13.13	4.91
1999	1.69	1.52	1.58	3.88	2.83	3.20	[R ]	3.31		4.92	4.49		5.48	16.75		9.23		2.62	4.64	5.07		1.38		3.62		12.98	5.12
2000	1.67	1.49	1.55	3.64	2.66	4.61		3.99		7.66	7.87		8.99	17.99		11.93		4.22	6.94	7.50		1.43		5.12		13.60	6.49
2001	1.74	1.57	1.63	3.27	3.04	5.71		3.99		7.00	6.39		7.74	19.00		11.32		3.85	5.66	6.75		1.95	[R ]	5.35	[R ]	14.78	6.87	[R ]
2002	1.94	1.66	1.75	3.25	3.04	4.36	[R ]	4.12		6.32	5.94		6.69	21.74		10.66		3.87	5.83	6.43		2.11	[R ]	4.73	[R ]	14.30	6.24	[R ]
2003	1.93	1.65	1.74	3.88	3.49	6.03		4.64		7.62	7.43		8.76	26.51		12.28		4.83	6.76	7.78		1.62	[R ]	5.91	[R ]	14.97	7.39	[R ]
2004	2.31	1.84	1.99	3.28	7.23	7.08		4.77		10.06	10.44		10.79	29.35		14.50		4.95	8.22	9.32		1.79	[R ]	7.14	[R ]	15.38	8.46	[R ]
2005	3.19	2.27	2.56	3.39	8.92	9.07		5.27		14.25	13.46		12.90	38.40	[R ]	17.79		6.98	11.03	11.85		2.73	[R ]	9.07	[R ]	16.77	10.36	[R ]
2006	3.54	2.50	2.83	3.19	6.31	8.76		6.70		16.38	15.83		15.41	46.09		20.20		8.16	13.09	14.14		2.66		10.00		18.02	11.33
	Expenditures in Million Nominal Dollars
1970	1,175	907	2,082	-78	4	2,625		731		866	142		1,046	786		824		635	1,038	6,069		366		11,067		5,624	16,691
1971	1,163	808	1,971	-45	5	3,019		878		934	133		1,113	801		799		863	1,141	6,663		374		11,988		6,256	18,244
1972	1,379	833	2,212	-31	5	3,335		928		1,012	130		1,311	908		728		902	1,262	7,180		404		13,105		7,173	20,278
1973	1,724	804	2,527	-33	40	3,936		1,058		1,320	151		1,566	1,041		799		1,156	1,510	8,600		425		15,495		8,284	23,779
1974	3,284	1,420	4,704	-44	193	4,971		1,865		2,642	271		2,882	1,352		1,014		2,644	2,737	15,408		421		25,653		11,184	36,837
1975	3,692	1,806	5,498	-75	156	5,844		1,914		2,907	278		2,760	1,119		1,039		2,367	3,159	15,544		386		27,353		13,760	41,113
1976	3,740	1,709	5,448	-67	111	7,484		1,856		3,549	317		3,184	1,171		1,028		2,886	4,394	18,384		443		31,804		16,083	47,887
1977	3,579	1,781	5,360	-71	139	8,958		2,065		4,451	417		3,747	1,268		1,014		3,456	5,772	22,190		464		37,040		18,956	55,996
1978	3,703	2,019	5,722	-49	411	10,114		2,471		4,783	480		3,679	1,484		936		2,965	6,405	23,203		511		39,911		21,798	61,710
1979	3,920	2,327	6,247	-81	340	12,110		2,977		6,664	766		6,712	2,086		1,156		3,867	9,477	33,705		512		52,833		24,797	77,630
1980	3,753	2,135	5,888	-130	52	16,210	[R ]	3,543		7,232	1,143		7,967	2,613		1,553		4,175	14,539	42,765		529		65,313	[R ]	28,863	94,176	[R ]
1981	3,831	2,610	6,441	-74	43	20,239	[R ]	4,156		8,983	779		8,789	3,142		1,741		4,086	15,495	47,171		558		74,381	[R ]	34,007	108,388	[R ]
1982	2,661	2,640	5,301	-61	9	20,333	[R ]	3,514		8,599	1,044		9,656	2,745		1,442		4,025	10,816	41,841		540		67,968	[R ]	35,364	103,332	[R ]
1983	2,128	2,606	4,735	-46	2	21,268	[R ]	3,902		7,477	458		10,064	2,830		1,039		2,908	9,760	38,437		610		65,010	[R ]	37,017	102,027	[R ]
1984	2,461	2,959	5,420	-69	47	23,619	[R ]	4,501		7,815	306	[R ]	10,782	3,134		1,436		3,647	9,849	41,563		622		71,208	[R ]	39,050	110,258	[R ]
1985	2,228	3,024	5,252	-77	43	21,448	[R ]	4,916		6,977	304		9,804	2,916		1,978		2,815	9,166	38,876		619		66,171	[R ]	40,190	106,361	[R ]
1986	1,825	2,920	4,745	-66	25	16,352	[R ]	4,717		4,649	153		9,218	2,525		1,402		1,574	6,329	30,567		639		52,271	[R ]	39,271	91,542	[R ]
1987	1,718	2,730	4,448	-48	55	15,805	[R ]	4,018		5,117	132		9,079	2,486		1,491		1,436	7,335	31,092		636		51,998	[R ]	39,109	91,107	[R ]
1988	2,006	2,738	4,744	-77	194	17,150	[R ]	3,848		4,656	130		9,071	2,580		1,413		1,082	6,344	29,123		662		51,804	[R ]	40,507	92,312	[R ]
1989	1,934	2,716	4,650	-80	217	18,671	[R ]	3,228		5,478	155		7,274	2,623		1,601		924	7,279	28,561		1,323	[h ]	53,352	[h R ]	42,255	95,606	[h R ]
1990	1,862	2,774	4,636	-50	72	19,218	[R ]	3,529		6,773	81		8,916	2,720		1,695		1,070	9,347	34,132		906		58,923	[R ]	43,358	102,281	[R ]
1991	1,660	2,672	4,332	-56	100	18,800	[R ]	3,382		5,694	65		9,828	2,800		1,730		653	8,359	32,511		1,034		56,733	[R ]	44,201	100,934	[R ]
1992	1,587	2,658	4,245	-48	174	20,405	[R ]	2,755		5,704	49		9,433	3,113		1,737		793	8,641	32,225		1,079		58,095	[R ]	45,474	103,569	[R ]
1993	1,505	2,554	4,060	-76	172	22,217	[R ]	3,336		5,672	63		9,062	3,281		1,583		916	7,638	31,550		1,146		59,069	[R ]	45,726	104,795	[R ]
1994	1,473	2,587	4,060	-60	274	22,406	[R ]	3,438		5,397	85		11,028	3,457		1,724		893	7,605	33,626		1,279		61,585	[R ]	46,257	107,842	[R ]
1995	1,558	2,510	4,068	-91	325	21,362	[R ]	3,748		5,473	70		11,061	3,451		1,836		778	7,753	34,170		1,699		61,532	[R ]	45,402	106,934	[R ]
1996	1,507	2,436	3,943	-88	244	26,031	[R ]	3,870		6,857	103		14,348	3,465		1,965		913	9,275	40,796		1,432		72,358	[R ]	46,102	118,460	[R ]
1997	1,453	2,434	3,887	-83	253	28,263	[R ]	4,331		6,512	96		13,235	3,277		2,077		732	9,572	39,833		1,435		73,589	[R ]	45,610	119,199	[R ]
1998	1,304	2,263	3,566	-104	292	24,378	[R ]	4,335		5,084	84		9,646	3,638		1,681		425	7,326	32,220		1,600		61,952	[R ]	45,634	107,586	[R ]
1999	1,306	2,150	3,457	-86	226	23,942	[R ]	4,381		5,823	58		12,290	3,229		1,400		447	9,310	36,937		1,786		66,262	[R ]	45,429	111,691	[R ]
2000	1,327	2,180	3,507	-103	249	34,464	[R ]	5,091		9,158	123		20,278	3,416		1,792		867	12,783	53,509		1,888		93,515	[R ]	47,859	141,374	[R ]
2001	1,247	2,325	3,572	-109	191	38,401	[R ]	5,015		9,055	148		15,757	3,306		3,339		629	9,734	46,983		2,216	[R ]	91,254	[R ]	48,519	139,772	[R ]
2002	1,258	2,268	3,526	-64	244	30,899	[R ]	5,107		7,586	82		14,627	3,737		3,293		619	10,454	45,505		2,592	[R ]	82,702	[R ]	46,606	129,308	[R ]
2003	1,283	2,269	3,552	-70	239	41,008	[R ]	5,661		8,616	179		17,944	4,215		3,978		966	12,395	53,953		1,935	[R ]	100,617	[R ]	49,962	150,579	[R ]
2004	1,499	2,565	4,064	-107	1,232	47,157	[R ]	6,221		12,168	295		23,385	4,726		5,398		1,163	17,362	70,718		1,919	[R ]	124,982	[R ]	51,491	176,473	[R ]
2005	1,964	3,040	5,004	-147	780	55,027	[R ]	6,969	[R ]	17,945	526		26,222	6,151	[R ]	6,336	[R ]	1,867	21,641	87,658	[R ]	3,451	[R ]	151,773	[R ]	56,229	208,003	[R ]
2006	2,132	3,273	5,405	-128	636	52,001		8,448		20,647	468		32,778	7,194		7,602		1,849	26,714	105,700		3,493		167,107		59,764	226,871
aFor expenditures, natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels (SGF). Through 1979, includes unknown quantities of SGF. gFor 1981 through 1992 expenditures, total includes fuel ethanol blended into gasoline that is not shown in the motor gasoline column. bLiquefied petroleum gases. hThere is a discontinuity in this time series between 1988 and 1989 due to the expanded coverage of the use of wood and waste beginning in 1989. cFor expenditures, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline, beginning in 1993. Where shown, R = Revised data. d"Other" is the "other petroleum products" category described in Section 4 of the Technical Notes. Note:  Expenditure totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. eWood and waste.  Prior to 2001, includes non-biomass waste. Sources:  Data sources, estimation procedures, and assumptions are described in the Technical Notes. fThere are no direct fuel costs for hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, photovoltaic, or solar thermal energy.