ANNUAL REPORT
1. PROJECT: NRSP-6: INTER-REGIONAL POTATO INTRODUCTION PROJECT
Introduction,
Preservation, Classification, Distribution and Evaluation of
Solanum Species.
2. COOPERATIVE
AGENCIES AND PRINCIPAL LEADERS
State Agricultural Experimental Stations |
Representative |
Southern Region |
J. C. Miller, Jr. |
Western Region - Chairman |
A. R. Mosley |
North Central Region - Vice
Chairman |
F. I. Lauer |
North Eastern Region - Secretary |
A. F. Reeves |
United States Department of Agriculture
Agricultural Research Service |
|
|
Technical Representative |
J. J. Pavek |
|
National Program Staff |
H. L. Shands |
|
Area Director, Midwest Area |
R. L. Dunkle |
|
Cooperative States Research Ed. & Ext. Service |
C. Stushnoff |
|
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service |
A. T. Tschanz |
|
Inter-Regional Potato Introduction Project |
J. B. Bamberg |
|
Agriculture and Agri-Food
Canada |
T. R. Tarn |
Administrative Advisors
North Central Region - Lead |
R. L. Lower |
Western Region |
M. J. Burke |
Southern Region |
E. Young |
North Eastern Region |
R. C. Seem |
3. PROGRESS AND
PRINCIPAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS
A. Introduction of New Stocks
Dr. Spooner, in collaboration with Drs. Antonio Rivera-Pena (Mexico), Ronald G. van den Berg (The Netherlands), and Konrad Schuler (Germany) participated in a successful expedition to collect wild species of potato in Mexico from August 21st to October 31st. This collection trip procured 95 new accessions of 24 different Solanum species.
Dr. Bamberg collected five accessions in two expeditions to the southwestern-region of the United States and had five accessions sent to NRSP-6 by cooperators from that region.
A total of 158 accessions were brought through Quarantine in 1997,
assigned PI’s, and are now available from the NRSP-6 Solanum germplasm collection, 110 accessions as true seed and 48 as
in vitro clones.
In 1997, 183 accessions were planted out in the spring quarantined increase. Of the 183 accessions, 119 germinated and were grown out. One hundred fourteen of these were released and added into the collection (five were virus suspect and not released). Of the 114, 12 were CCC donations from Columbia, one was a Lopez collection from Columbia, 94 were from Spooner’s 1993 Bolivia collection, and seven were collected in Mexico by Hjerting. Four of the accessions released from quarantine were assigned PI’s in 1996, thus the discrepancy between number of accessions released and number of accessions assigned PI’s.
An additional 48 clones were added to the in vitro collection in 1996 as foreign varieties or genetic stocks, including 19 R-free late blight resistant clones from CIP.
B. Preservation and Increase of
Stocks
In
1997, 238 accessions were increased. From US Quarantine 183 accessions were
received for a joint seed increase and quarantine virus testing at NRSP-6.
Of the 183 accessions, 64 failed to germinate, five were virus suspect
and not released, and 114 are being incorporated into the NRSP-6 inventory.
This year a total of 700 potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) tests were performed on seed increases, seed lots and research materials. Germination tests were performed on 972 accessions, and ploidy determinations were done on 91 accessions.
C. Classification
Dr. Spooner continues to resolve problems in taxonomic classification which impede efficient documentation and use of the germplasm. This year an extensive study of the S. canasense complex of species was continued. Molecular analysis of relationships of S. astleyi and S. boliviense were completed. Insights gained from this study will allow accessions to be assigned stable species’ names based on empirical differences.
D. Distribution
NRSP-6 distributed 7,204 units of seed (50 seeds per unit), 40 tuber
families and 1,146 in vitro stocks to clientele in 23 states of the United
States and 16 other countries. Internally,
NRSP-6 used 6,883 units of seed for chromosome counts, germination tests,
identification and taxonomic check plantings, in-vitro maintenance, seed
increases, PSTV tests, and miscellaneous plantings. The volume and types of stocks sent to various consignee
categories are summarized in the table below.
VOLUME
AND TYPES OF STOCKS DISTRIBUTED
|
Units1 |
|
|||||
Category |
S |
TF |
IVS |
TOTAL |
PI's |
||
Domestic |
4,285 |
9 |
682 |
4,976 |
3,074 |
||
Foreign |
2,919 |
31 |
464 |
3,414 |
1,298 |
||
NRSP-62 |
6,883 |
0 |
0 |
6,883 |
1,134 |
||
Total |
14,087 |
40 |
1,146 |
15,273 |
5,506 |
||
1
Types of stocks sent/(number of seeds, tubers or plantlets per standard shipping
unit):
S= True Seeds/(50), TF= Tuber Families/(10),
IVS=in vitro stocks/(1).
2
Includes chromosome counts, germination tests, ID and Taxonomic check
plantings, in
vitro maintenance, seed
seed backup.
E. Evaluation of Stocks
Mission
The project's mission with respect to evaluation is to locate and
characterize useful traits so that the best materials and most efficient
approaches are available for subsequent germplasm enhancement.
1. Special Quarantine Seed Increases
This cooperative project with the US Quarantine Lab, by which quarantine testing and seed increases are done concurrently at NRSP-6, has greatly reduced time and effort required to import valuable germplasm. This year we successfully processed germplasm from Dr. Spooner's collecting expeditions to Bolivia.
2. Late Blight Screening
New forms of the late blight pathogen have developed into a severe threat to the US potato crop. In 1997 we continued three cooperative projects:
1) BC,
Canada with Dr. Ken Ng: This project facilitated fine
screening of non-Mexican species diploids of Series Tuberosa
segregating for extreme
resistance.
2) Cornell,
New York: Dr. Fry evaluated the same material as
Dr. Ng.
3) Lansing,
Michigan with Dr. Douches: This project involves
inoculated greenhouse
testing of the best late blight resistant
genotypes from the above
screening projects.
3.
Tuber Traits
Wild species do not produce tubers in the long days of North American
summers, so their tuber traits cannot be assessed in the field.
A project was initiated in 1993 in which wild accessions are being
systematically crossed with adapted (cultivated) forms to produce F2 true seed families.
This moved the potentially valuable tuber traits of species to a
background in which they can be revealed. We
will advertise these to our cooperators as they become available.
4. Frost Hardiness
In cooperation with Dr. J. Palta and YuKuang Chen, work was continued on recurrent selection for earliness, good tuber characteristics, and frost resistance. Good progress in earliness and yield was evident this year in S. acaule - S. commersonii hybrids in the 2nd generation of crossing to very early tuberosum cultivars. Evaluation of frost hardiness and breeding potential of somatic fusions of tuberosum with S. commersonii continued. A study to assess the impact of the ratio of sensitive to hardy genomes in interspecific crosses was also continued.
5. Tuber Calcium
Tuber calcium has been shown to be closely associated with resistance to important storage rots and other tuber quality traits. F2 hybrids between clones which accumulate very high calcium in a high calcium environment and clones which accumulate very little calcium in the same environment were generated and are in the process of being analyzed. A possible link between high calcium accumulation and sprouting vigor is also being investigated.
6. RAPDs to predict need for fine screening.
This study used two populations known to be highly insect and virus resistant from species S. polytrichon and S. stoloniferum. Since these species are facultative selfers, they might be very homogeneous, and could be expected to have little phenotypic variation within populations. On the contrary, we found that over 20% of the bands which are polymorphic within the species are also polymorphic among individuals within the resistant population. Therefore, resistance may not be uniform within these populations and a decision for fine screening is indicated.
7. Screening the Wild Species for Rooting Vigor
The mini-core collection was screened for rooting vigor in the screenhouse in Perlite. Data is being gathered on relative rooting vigor.
8. Characterization for Utility Traits
The success of using Solanum germplasm
for breeding is influenced by relative plant vigor, flowering, pollen shed and
pollen viability. Relative scores
for these parameters were published in, ‘Elite
Selections of Tuber-bearing Solanum
Species Germplasm’. Characterization
of the collection for these traits continued in 1997.
F. Inter-genebank Collaboration
The Association of Potato Intergenebank Collaborators (APIC) has
initiated a joint research project to investigate the effects of seed increases
on the genetic integrity of germplasm conserved ex situ, and whether germplasm in genebanks still represents the in
situ populations from which they were collected.
Two papers were published on the first two phases of this project (see
publications by staff). Work on the
third phase, finding factors which predict the patterns of diversity among
accessions, nears completion. New
samples of S. jamesii were collected
in Utah, Colorado and New Mexico, expanding the range of our research samples
and adding unique germplasm to the genebank.
The first direct evidence of ancient use of potatoes in North America was
gathered in cooperation with Dr. Linda Scott-Cummings.
Solanum jamesii was determined
to be the source of starch grains from a mano in central New Mexico, and the
charred remain from a hearth in NW Colorado.
Graduate student Alfonso del Rio conducted two additional experiments
using Solanum sucrense.
The first showed that a "mystery" accession (lacking origin
data) was not a duplicate of any of the sucrense
already in the collection. The
second study revealed sampling techniques needed to differentiate heterogeneous Solanum species population using RAPDs.
4. USEFULNESS OF
FINDINGS
NRSP-6's purpose is to provide a ready source of raw materials,
technology and information which support potato enhancement, breeding and
research in the US and around the world. Thus,
one way the success of NRSP-6 can be measured is by the use of NRSP-6 germplasm
in the pedigrees of new, improved potato cultivars.
Another is in the use of NRSP-6 stocks in more basic research programs
which also ultimately contribute to human utilization of the potato crop, these
being reflected in publications.
Two cultivar and three germplasm releases were published in the American Potato Journal in 1997: ‘Mainestay’, ‘NorDonna’, ‘ND2858-1’(CPB resistance), ‘B0718-3’, and ‘B0767-2’(both late blight resistance). All are known to have wild species in their pedigrees.
Section 6 lists 83 papers, one abstract, and four theses which report the use of NRSP-6 Solanum introductions this year.
5. WORK
PLANNED FOR 1998
Dr. Spooner will participate in a collecting expedition to Peru.
Evaluation experiments will be continued on Solanum species for the following traits: frost hardiness,
rooting vigor, tuber calcium, late blight resistance, hormone mutants,
glycoalkaloids, and fertility in heat stress.
The general objective of NRSP-6 to promote and facilitate potato
research and breeding will be
pursued by continuing high quality service with respect to introduction,
preservation, classification, evaluation, and distribution of potato germplasm
to clients in the U.S. and around the world.
We will continue APIC intergenebank research projects determining the cause of observed differences in situ and genebank accessions, and correlations of geographic/habitat data with partitioning of diversity.
An APIC meeting is planned for summer 1999 in India.
6. PUBLICATIONS
ISSUED DURING THE YEAR
A. Publications issued
by NRSP-6 Personnel
Castillo, R. and
D.M. Spooner. 1997
Phylogenetic relationships of wild potatoes, Solanum
series Conicibaccata (sect. Petota). Syst. Bot. 22:45-83.
Miller, J.T. and
D.M. Spooner. 1997.
Introgression of Solanum chacoense (Solanum
sect. Petota) upland populations
reexamined. Syst. Bot. 21:461-475.
Peralta, I.E.,
H.E. Ballard Jr., and D.M. Spooner. 1997.
“Waxy” gene intron phylogeny of tomatoes, Solanum
subsect. Lycopersicum (Solanaceae).
Am. J. Bot. Suppl. 84:222.
(Abstract).
Rio, A.H. del,
J.B. Bamberg, and Z. Huaman. 1997.
Assessing changes in the genetic diversity of potato gene banks.
1. Effects of seed increase. Theor.
Appl. Genetics 95(1/2):191-198.
Rio, A.H. del,
J.B. Bamberg, Z. Huaman, A. Salas, and S.E. Vega. 1997. Assessing
changes in the genetic diversity of potato gene banks.
2. In situ vs ex
situ. Theor. Appl. Genet. 95(1/2):199-204.
Rodriguez, A. and
D.M. Spooner. 1997.
Chloroplast DNA analysis of Solanum
bulbocastanum and S. cardiophyllum,
and evidence for the distinctiveness of S.
cardiophyllum subsp. ehrenbergii (sect. Petota).
Syst. Bot. 22:31-43.
Spooner, D.M. and
R. Castillo. 1997.
Reexamination of series relationships of South American wild potatoes
(Solanaceae: Solanum sect. Petota):
evidence from chloroplast DNA restriction site variation.
Am. J. Bot. 84:671-685.
Spooner, D.M.,
M.L. Ugarte, and P.W. Skroch. 1997.
Species boundaries and interrelationships of two closely related
sympatric diploid wild potato species, Solanum
astleyi and S. boliviense based on
RAPDs. Theor. Appl. Genet.
95:764-771.
B. Journal
Articles and Abstracts Reporting Research with NRSP-6 Stocks
(Note: Publications from previous years are included if missed in previous Annual Reports.)
Balbyshev, N.F.
and J.H. Lorenzen. 1997.
Hypersensitivity and egg drop, a novel mechanism of host-plant resistance
to Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).
J. Econ. Entomol. 90:652-657.
Barone, A.
1996. Characterization by
RFLP markers of interspecific Solanum hybrids forming 2n
gametes. Rivista di Agronomia
39(1):58-62.
Birhman, R.K. and
M. Cappadocia. 1997.
Ploidy of anther culture derived plants of Solanum
chacoense Bitt. Indian J. Exp.
Bio. 35(2):200-202.
Borkowska, M., K. Kleczkowski, A. Pawetczak, and B. Wielgat. 1995. Transformation of diploid potato with an Agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector system: II. Stability of transformation in tubers, micropropagated and greenhouse grown plants. Acta Physiol. Plant. 17(3):275-280.
Bouafia, S., N.
Jelti, G. Lairy, A. Blanc, E. Bonnel, and J. Dereuddre.
1996. Cryopreservation of
potato shoot tips by encapsulation-dehydration.
Potato Research 39(1):69-78.
Brigneti, G., J.
Garcia-Mas, and D.C. Baulcombe. 1997.
Molecular mapping of the potato virus Y resistance gene Rysto
in potato. Theor. Appl. Genet.
94(2):198-203.
Carputo,
Domenico, Teodoro Cardi, Mario Speggiorin, Astolfo Zoina, and Luigi Frusciante.
1997. Resistance to blackleg
and tuber soft rot in sexual and somatic interspecific hybrids with different
genetic background. Am. Potato J.
74(3):161-172.
Cho HyunMook, Ahn Soo Yong, and Om YoungHyun. 1996. Characteristics of the floral organs in the progenies of 4x Solanum tuberosum x 2x S. phureja and pollen development of their male sterile dihaploids. J. Korean Soc. Hort. Sci. 37(2):232-237.
Conicella, C., G.
Genualdo, A. Errico, L. Frusciante, and L.M. Monti.
1996. Meiotic restitution
mechanisms and 2n pollen formation in
a Solanum tuberosum dihaploid and in
dihaploid x wild species hybrids. Plant Breeding 115:157-161.
Deahl, K. 1996. Germplasm research provides arsenal for protecting world food supplies of potato and wheat from disease threats. Diversity 12(2):8-10.
Dorel, C., N. Hugouvieux-Cotte-Pattat, J. Robert-Baudouy, and E. Lojkowska. 1996. Production of Erwinia chrysanthemi pectinases in potato tubers showing high or low level of resistance to soft-rot. Euro. J. Pl. Path. 102(6):511-517.
Douches, D.S., D.
Maas, K. Jastrzebski, and R.W. Chase. 1996.
Assessment of potato breeding progress in the USA over the last century. Crop Science 36(6):1544-1552.
Douches, David
S., William W. Kirk, Kazimierz Jastrzebski, Christopher Long, and Ray
Hammerschmidt. 1997.
Susceptibility of potato varieties and advanced breeding lines (Solanum
tuberosum L.) to Phytophthora
infestans (Mont.) de Bary in greenhouse screenings.
Am. Potato J. 74(2):75-86.
Flanders, K.L.,
E.B. Radcliffe, and J.G. Hawkes. 1997.
Geographic distribution of insect resistance in potatoes.
Euphytica 93(2):201-221.
Fonseca, M.E.N.,
V.L.A. Marinho, D.C. Monte-Neshich, and L.S. Boiteux. 1996. Survey for
beet western yellow luteovirus as a major component of the potato leaf roll
disease in central Brazil. Plant
Disease 80(9):1079.
Frusciante, L.,
D. Carputo, M. Biagetti, and C. Ceoloni. 1996.
Advanced cytogenetic techniques for the transfer of genes for biotic
stress resistance in Solanum and Triticum species. In:
Proceedings of the workshop: Plant breeding for resistance to biotic stresses:
physiological and molecular bases, Monsampolo del Tronto, Italy, 19-20 May,
1994. Petria 6(Suppl.1):219-232.
Fry, W.E. and
S.B. Goodwin. 1997.
Resurgence of the Irish potato famine fungus.
BioScience 47(6):363-371.
Goth, R. W. and
E.W. Goins. 1997.
Potato Carlavirus S (PVS) resistance of potato clone B6603-12.
Am. Potato J. 74(4):277-281.
Goth, R. W. and
K.G. Haynes. 1997.
The germplasm release of B0718-3 and B0767-2: Two late blight resistant
potato clones. Am. Potato J. 74(5):337-345.
Hamalainen, J.H.,
K.N. Watanabe, J.P.T. Valkonen, A. Arihara, R.L. Plaisted, E. Pehu, L. Miller,
and S.A. Slack. 1997.
Mapping and marker-assisted selection for a gene for extreme resistance
to potato virus Y. Theor. Appl.
Genet. 94(2):192-197.
Hamernik, A.J. and R.E. Hanneman, Jr. 1997. Using wild species to improve potato chip color from cold storage. The Badger Common’Tater 49(2):42-46.
Hanzlik, M.W.,
G.G. Kennedy, D.C. Sanders, and D.W. Monks.
1997. Response of European
corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis,
Hubner) to two potato hybrids selected for resistance to Colorado potato beetle.
Crop Pro. 16(5):487-490.
Hawkes, J.G.
1997. A database for wild and cultivated potatoes.
Euphytica 93(2):155-161.
He, Y., L.
GengGuang, and Z. L.Ying. 1996.
Mesophyll protoplast culture and plantlet regeneration from wild species
of potato. J. Tropical &
Subtropical Botany 4(3):72-74.
Heijden, G.W.A.M.
van der and R.G. van den Berg. 1997.
Quantitative assessment of corolla shape variation in Solanum
sect. Petota by computer image
analysis. Taxon 46(1):49-64.
Helgeson, J.
1997. Potatoes once again, under fungal attack.
Agric. Research 45(5):10-13.
Horvath, J.
1994. Reaction of Solanum
stoloniferum to cucumber mosaic cucumovirus.
Acta Phytopath. et Entomol. Hungarica
29(1-2):105-108.
Irzykowski, W.,
T. Rorat, and J. Jakubiec. 1996.
Analysis of cold resistance in wild and cultivated potato species.
Acta Physiol. Plant. 18(3):217-221.
Jackson, S., J.
Gascon, E. Carrera, E. Monte, and S. Prat.
1997. Cloning and expression
analysis of a gene that shows developmental regulation upon tuberization in
potato. Plant Molecular Biology
33(1):169-174.
Jackson, S.A. and
R.E. Hanneman, Jr. 1996.
Studies on the crossability relationships between potato varieties and
related wild species. Biotechnology Risk Assessment: USEPA/USDA/Environment
Canada/Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. p.
270-277.
Jacobs, A.
1996. Molecular analysis of
cold resistance in Chilean potato species.
A minor field study. Working
paper - Internatl Rural Dev. Centre, Swedish Univ. of Agric. Sciences No. 305,
15 pp.
Jain, S.M., S.K.
Sopory, and R.E. Veilleux (Eds.) 1997.
In vitro haploid production in higher plants.
Volume 5: oil, ornamental and miscellaneous plants.
Dordrecht, Netherlands; Kluwer Academic Publishers.
256 pp.
Janssen, G.J.W.,
A. van Norel, B. Verkerk-Bakker, and R. Janssen. 1996. Resistance
to Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M. fallax
and M. hapla in wild tuber-bearing Solanum
spp. Euphytica 92(3):287-294.
Janssen, G.J.W.,
A. van Norel, R. Janssen, and J. Hoogendoorn.
1997. Dominant and additive
resistance to the root-knot nemataodes Meloidogyne
chitwoodi and M. fallax in Central
American Solanum species.
Theor. Appl. Genet. 94(5):692-700.
Janssen, G.J.W.,
A. van Norel, B. Verkerk-Bakker, R. Janssen, and J. Hoogendoorn.
1997. Introgression of
resistance to root-knot nematodes from wild Central American Solanum
species into S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum. Theor. Appl.
Genet. 95(3):490-496.
Kang, S. and D.J.
Hannapel. 1995.
Nucleotide sequences of novel potato (Solanum
tuberosum L.) MADS-box cDNAs and their expression in vegetative organs.
Gene 166(2):329-330.
Kang, S. and D.J.
Hannapel. 1996.
A novel MADS-box gene of potato (Solanum
tuberosum L.) expressed during the early stages of tuberization.
Plant Molecular Biology 31(2):379-386.
Kasha, K.J., Q.
Yao, E. Simion, T. Hu, and R. Oro. 1995.
Production and application of doubled haploids in crops.
In: Induced mutations and molecular techniques for crop improvement.
Proceedings, Vienna, Austria, 19-23 June 1995:23-37.
Kreike, C.M. and
W.J. Stiekema. 1997.
Reduced recombination and distorted segregation in a Solanum
tuberosum (2x) x S. spegazzinii
(2x) hybrid. Genome 40(2):180-187.
Liu J., U. Seul,
and R. Thompson. 1997.
Cloning and characterization of a pollen-specific cDNA encoding a
glutamic-acid-rich protein (GARP) from potato Solanum
berthaultii. Plant Molecular
Biology 33(2):291-300.
Liu, T.H.A., L.C.
Stephens, and D.J. Hannapel. 1996.
Expression of a chimeric proteinase inhibitor II-GUS gene in transgenic Solanum brevidens plants. J.
Plant Phys. 149(5):533-538.
Liu, T.H.A., D.J.
Hannapel, and L.C. Stephens. 1997.
Induction of cathepsin D inhibitor gene expression in response to methyl
jasmonate. J. Plant Phys.
150(3):279-282.
Lorenzen, James
H. and Nikolay F. Balbyshev. 1997.
ND2858-1: A useful source of resistance to the Colorado potato beetle.
Am. Potato J. 74(5):331-335.
Magalhaes Morais,
O. and C.A.B. Pereira Pinto. 1996.
Selection for yield, tuber specific gravity and high 2n pollen production
in potato hybrids between Solanum
tuberosum L. and the wild species Solanum
chacoense Bitt. Brazilian J.
Genet. 19(3):459-463.
Maine, M.J. de.
1995. The effects of inbreeding on the parental values of potato
dihaploids. Annals of Applied
Biology 127(1):151-156.
Maine, M.J. de.
1996. An assessment of true potato seed families of Solanum
phureja. Potato Research
39(3):323-332.
Maseulli, R.W.
and E.L. Camadro. 1997.
Crossability relationships among wild potato species with different
ploidies and Endosperm Balance Numbers (EBN).
Euphytica 94(2):227-235.
McGrath, J.M.,
S.M. Wielgus, and J.P. Helgeson. 1996.
Segregation and recombination of Solanum
brevidens synteny groups in progeny of somatic hybrids with S. tuberosum: intragenomic equals or exceeds intergenomic
recombination. Genetics
142(4):1335-1348.
Moehs, C.P., P.V.
Allen, M. Friedman, and W.R. Belknap. 1997.
Cloning and expression of solanidine UDP-glucose glucosyltransferase from
potato. Plant J. 11(2):227-236.
Novy, R. G., R.
H. Johansen, G. A. Secor, B. L. Farnsworth, J. H. Lorenzen, N. C. Gudmestad, and
E. T. Holm. 1997.
Nordonna: A red-skinned potato cultivar with wide adaptability.
Am. Potato J. 74(1):31-37.
Pandey, S.K. and
P.K. Gupta. 1995.
Comparison of andigena and tuberosum for
enhancing TPS production. J. Indian
Potato Assoc. 22:122-128.
Podgaetskii, A.A.
1995. Resistance of the tubers of some potato species to Phytophthora
and selection of sources of the trait. Tsitologiya
i Genetika 29(6):26-35.
Qu, D., Z. DeWei,
M.S. Ramanna, and E. Jacobsen. 1996.
A comparison of progeny from diallel crosses of diploid potato with
regard to the frequencies of 2n-pollen grains.
Euphytica 92(3):313-320.
Ran, Y. and D.
ChaoXi. 1996. Heterosis and genetic analysis of yield and tuber characters
of 4x hybrids from 2x-2x, 4x-2x and 2x-4x crosses in potato.
Acta Agr. Sinica 22(6):745-749.
Reeves, A.F.,
G.A. Porter, T.M. Work, D.H. Lambert, A.A.Davis, and E.S. Plissey.
1997. Mainestay: A
high-yielding, round white potato variety for fresh market.
Am. Potato J. 74(4):255-263.
Rivard, S.R., M.
Cappadocia, and B.S. Landry. 1996.
A comparison of RFLP maps based on anther culture derived, selfed, and
hybrid progenies of Solanum chacoense. Genome
39(4):611-621.
Sanford, L.L.
1997. Tuber yields and specific gravities in Solanum tuberosum populations recurrently selected for resistance to
potato leafhopper. Am. Potato J.
74(2):65-73.
Sanford, L.L.,
R.S. Kobayashi, K.L. Deahl, and S.L. Sinden.
1997. Diploid and tetraploid
Solanum chacoense genotypes that
synthesize leptine glycoalkaloids and deter feeding by Colorado potato beetle.
Am. Potato J. 74(1):15-21.
Sikinyi, E., D.J.
Hannapel, P.M. Imerman, and H.M. Stahr. 1997.
Novel mechanism for resistance to Colorado potato beetle in wild Solanum species. J.
Econ. Entomol. 90:689-696.
Silhavy, D., A Szentesi, and Z. Banfalvi. 1996. Solanum chacoense lines with different alkaloid contents -- a potential source of genes involved in leptine synthesis. Acta Agronomica Hungarica 44(2):113-120.
Sim, S. K., S. M.
Ohmann, and C. B.S. Tong. 1997.
Comparison of polyphenol oxidase in tubers of Solanum
tuberosum and the non-browning tubers of S.
hjertingii. Am. Potato J.
74(1):1-13.
Simko, I., S.
McMurry, H.-M. Yang, A. Manschot, P.J. Davies, and E.E. Ewing.
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7. APPROVED
A. R. Mosley, Chairman, Technical Committee Date
R. L. Lower, Lead Administrative Advisor Date