X-SAR Radar Layover/Shadow Mask and Incidence Angle Mask Product (GIM, held at DLR/DFD)
Entry ID:
DFD-X-SAR.SAR.GIM
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Summary
Mission Objective:
Please see the relevant SIR-C/X-SAR Mission description contained in the
references and as Supplementary Information for "sensor"(X-SAR).
There were two Missions with the following time frame:
- Space Shuttle Mission STS-59:
Start_Date: 1994-04-09
Stop_Date: 1994-04-20
... - Space Shuttle Mission STS-68:
Start_Date: 1994-09-30
Stop_Date: 1994-10-11
Worldwide coverage and map prints are available on World Wide Web (see below).
Data Set Content:
The X-SAR geocoded image, with terrain correction (GTC) registers the pixel
values of the SAR slant range image due to terrain offset and
cartographic presentation.
The basic image generation physics of SAR implies less or no
radiometric information in regions affected by layover and shadowing,
respectively. Therefore, the radiometric values (digital counts) in
extreme layover areas are more or less meaningless. Shadowed regions
will be precisely mapped but stay shadowed in a geocoded image.
To indicate, where the regions of layover and shadow can be found in
the geocoded image, the user of a terrain corrected geocoded image can
get an additional data set in the same carthographic presentation,
showing the pixels affected by those radiometric distortions. The
binary pixel values represent a degree of terrain slope vs. the
regional incidence angle of the SAR. Shadow and layover conditions are
indicated by different bits. The amount of data will be as large as for
the geocoded image to which it belongs. The GIM product can be
generated for GTC and GMQ product sizes.
Intended Use:
Aid for the SAR Geocoded Product user for thematic interpretation of
the image content. In digital form, this data may be used as an
additional image layer to generate masks with the image processing
system.
Input Data:
- The standard MGD product formatted in CEOS, including parameters used
for the slant to ground range projection.
- Orbit data from the PATH tape annotated in the MGD product
- Map projection constants to be applied
- Digital Elevation Model
Processing Algorithm:
The incidence angle, layover and shadow mask is a by-product during terrain
corrected geocoded product generation. During the application of the
radargrammetric references the sensor is considered as a geometric
scanner with reference to its zero-Doppler position and timing.
By using the geometric relationships, the nominal incidence angle on
undulating ground can now be calculated.
For detection of layover and shadow, two passes in range are necessary.
Product Parameter:
Input data product GTC, GMQ
Digital Elevation Model
Geometric representation Cartographic, UTM,
ellipsoid used WGS84
Data representation Bit 0 = layover
Bit 1 = shadow
Bit 2-7 = incidence angle
Pixel quantization 8 bit
Product orientation
x-axis easting
y-axis northing
Spatial Resolution dependent of DEM planar and height resolution
Pixel spacing
northing 12,5 m
easting 12,5 m
Number of pixels
x-axis 800 . . . 8960
y-axis 800 . . . 8960
Amount of data up to 80 MBytes
Access to the data:
On-line access to data and information as well to digital quicklook DQL
or browse data is provided by the Intelligent Satellite Data Information
System (ISIS), developed by DLR as a client / server configuration.
It represents the interface of DLR-DFD to users, providing easy access to
catalogue-, inventory-, browse- and general textual information.
ISIS can be accessed with World Wide Web by URL:
http://www.dfd.dlr.de
and clicking on `Information Services (ISIS)` or `Accessing ISIS` (telnet).
ISIS can also be accessed by telnet directly:
input: telnet isis.dfd.dlr.de
user: dlrpid
password: -
Other procedures (modem or X-25) to access ISIS are described as 'Supplemen-
tary Information' for data centers (keyword 'ISIS'. Access presumes the in-
stallation of the client software (available free of charge) which can be
easily done by users (supplied by DLR/DFD).
Digital and photographic products may be ordered at DFD - Help Desk,see Data
Center Contact.
There is also available on CD-ROM and on Web a set of image sample products
as well as general and specific information about the X-SAR missions. This
'user-kit' can be accessed via Web with URL:
http://eoweb.dlr.de:8080/index.html
Geographic Coverage
Spatial coordinates
| N: 70.0 |
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S: -70.0 |
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E: 180.0 |
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W: -180.0 |
Temporal Coverage
Start Date:
1994-04-09
Stop Date:
1994-10-11
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Location Keywords
Science Keywords
ISO Topic Category
Platform
Instrument
Ancillary Keywords
Originating Center
Data Center
Personnel
PROF.ING. MARIO
CALAMIA
Role:
INVESTIGATOR
Phone:
+39-55-4796-269
Fax:
+39-55-4796-441
Contact Address:
Facolta D'Ingegneria
Via S. Marta, 3
City:
Firenze
Postal Code:
I-50139
Country:
Italy
WOLFGANG
NOACK
Role:
TECHNICAL CONTACT
Phone:
+49-8153-281390
Fax:
+49-8153-281446
Email:
noack at dfd.dlr.de
Contact Address:
DLR/DFD Oberpfaffenhofen
Muenchner Str. 20
City:
Wessling
Postal Code:
D-82234
Country:
GERMANY
DR. HERWIG
OETTL
Role:
INVESTIGATOR
Phone:
+49-8153-28-2365
Fax:
+49-8153-281465
Contact Address:
DLR/DFD Oberpfaffenhofen
Muenchner Str. 20
City:
Wessling
Postal Code:
D-82234
Country:
GERMANY
HARTWIG
SCHROETER
Role:
DIF AUTHOR
Phone:
+49-8153-281400
Fax:
+49-8153-281343
Email:
schroete at dfd.dlr.de
Contact Address:
DLR/DFD Oberpfaffenhofen
Muenchner Str. 20
City:
WESSLING
Postal Code:
D-82234
Country:
GERMANY
MARIAN
WERNER
Role:
TECHNICAL CONTACT
Phone:
+49-8153-28-2397
Fax:
+49-8153-281449
Contact Address:
DLR/DFD Oberpfaffenhofen
Muenchner Str. 20
Province or State:
WESSLING
Country:
GERMANY
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Publications/References
NASA/JPL publication 93-29, "SIR-C/X-SAR Mission Overview",
December 15, 1993
Schreier, G. , SAR Geocoding: Data and System Wichmann-Verlag, Karlsruhe,
Germany, 1993
M. Zink, R. Bamler, "X-SAR Radiometric Calibration and Data Quality",
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 33, 1995
...
Hartmut Runge, Helko Breit, Ulrich Steinbrecher, Mihai Datcu, "Higher
Resolution X-SAR Images", IEEE International Geoscience and Remote
Sensing Digest 1995.
M. Eineder, R. Bamler, H. Breit, U. Steinbrecher, "X-SAR Data Quality -
The Results of Two Missions", IEEE International Geoscience and Remote
Sensing Digest 1995.
R. Bamler, M. Eineder, H. Breit, U. Steinbrecher, "X-SAR Data and Image
Quality", IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Digest,
1994, pp. 1175-1177.
Richard Bamler, "Wavelength Diversity PRF-Ambiguity Resolver :
Calibration and Test for ERS-1 SAR", IEEE International Geoscience
and Remote Sensing Digest 1993.
Richard Bamler, Dieter Just, "Phase Statistics and Decorrelation in SAR
Interferograms", Remote Sensing Digest 1993.
Richard Bamler, Helko Breit, Ulrich Steinbrecher, Dieter Just, "Algorithms
for X-SAR Processing", Remote Sensing Digest 1993.
H. Runge, "The German Processing and Archiving Facility for X-SAR",
EUSAR '96, Koenigswinter, Germany, 1996
Creation and Review Dates
Last DIF Revision Date:
2008-09-29
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Links
