READ AND REMOVE THIS PAGE BEFORE PLACING
THE SPECIFICATION SECTION IN THE CONTRACT

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DIVISION 2:  SITE CONSTRUCTION

SECTION 02378 ‑ RIPRAP AND ROCK LINING

USE:	Construction of loose‑stone‑riprap slope protection.

NOTES TO SPECIFIER:

	A.	Options within paragraphs are identified by enclosure in brackets; blank spaces enclosed by brackets [_____] provide for information to be inserted, as appropriate, to individual projects.

	B.	TO AVOID CONFLICTING REQUIREMENTS AND COSTLY MISTAKES, the specifier must edit (delete, substitute or add to the text).  The remaining paragraphs must be renumbered.

	C.	DELETE FOR FINAL COPY: Notes to the Specifier, located between lines of asterisks; all [brackets], underlining, boldface, and italics, within the paragraphs; and this page.  (Open Reveal Codes [alt F3] to do this accurately.)

	D.	To Edit “(Footer B)”: (Corel 8).  ENTIRE FOOTER SHOULD BE BOLDED.  Click in the footer and delete the “Project Name (ftr B)” text and replace it with the Name of the Project (upper and lower case).  Replace date with current MM/YY (WITHOUT BRACKETS).

	E.	The Guide Specifications are intended to be continuously reviewed and revised.  User’s technical comments are appreciated.  Also, other related or similar specification that are written “from scratch” that could benefit others, or other questions can be sent to NSTC A/E Group, ST 110, or call (303) 987-6868.

DRAWING DATA REQUIRED:

REVISIONS OF THIS SECTION:
CSI format, editorial changes: 12/01
Metric:  4/96
Technical Update:  4/96

SECTION 02378

RIPRAP AND ROCK LINING

PART 1:  GENERAL

.1	ab1SUMMARY

A.	abSection Includes:  Providing riprap used for soil stabilization and slope protection, [and gravel filter layer,] [and filter fabric].

.2	ab1DEFINITIONS

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SATISFACTORY AND UNSATISFACTORY MATERIAL WILL BE DEFINED IN ACCORDANCE WITH LOCALLY AVAILABLE MATERIALS, DESIGN SLOPES, ETC., AND ALL SUITABLE CLASSES WILL BE LISTED IN THE PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS IN ACCORDANCE WITH ASTM D 2487.
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A.	abSatisfactory Materials:  Materials classified in ASTM D 2487 as GW, GP, SW and free from roots and other organic matter, trash, debris, and frozen materials and stones larger than 100 mm (4 inches) in dimension are satisfactory.

B.	abUnsatisfactory Materials:  Materials which do not comply with the requirements for satisfactory materials are unsatisfactory.  Materials classified in ASTM D 2487 as Pt, OH, and OL are unsatisfactory.  [Unsatisfactory materials also include human-made fills, refuse, or backfills from previous construction.]

.3	ab1SUBMITTALS

A.	abGeneral:  Submittals shall be according to [Section 01009 - General Information and Requirements.]  [Section 01331 - Certificates.]

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NORMALLY 3 COPIES ARE REQUIRED.  DISTRIBUTION AFTER REVIEW IS NORMALLY 1 COPY TO THE CO, 1 COPY TO THE CONTRACTOR, AND 1 COPY TO THE PROJECT FILE.
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B.	abCertificates of Conformance:  Submit three copies of written certification from a certified testing laboratory that the Contractor-furnished riprap to be used on this project conforms to the requirements of this specification section.

C.	abField Tests:  Submit three copies of laboratory and field test reports within 24 hours of the completion of the test.

.4	ab1PROJECT/SITE CONDITIONS

A.	abSubsurface Data:  [Subsurface soil boring logs are shown on the drawings.]  The subsoil investigation report and samples of materials taken from subsurface investigations may be examined at [        ].  These data represent the best subsurface information available; however, variations may exist in the subsurface between boring locations.

PART 2: PRODUCTS

.1	ab2MATERIALS

A.	abRiprap Source:  [Furnish the riprap source.]  [Obtain riprap from the sources shown on the drawings.]  [The riprap source for the Contractor's use is located at [          ].]

B.	abBedding:  [See Section 02722 - Aggregate Base Course.]  Material comprising the gravel filter layer shall be composed of tough, durable particles, free from thin, flat, and elongated pieces.  The material shall contain no organic matter, or soft, friable particles in quantities in excess of those approved by the Contracting Officer.

1.	abGravel filter layer material shall meet the following gradation:

Sieve Designation	Percentage Passing	
50 mm (2 inch)	100	
19 mm (3/4 inch)	50 ‑ 100	
4.75 mm (No. 4)	10 ‑ 25	
2.36 mm (No. 8)	0 ‑ 5	

C.	abGeotextile Fabric:  Shall be woven from long chains of synthetic polymers composed of at least 85% by weight of polyolephins, polyester, or polimides.  The fabric shall meet the following requirements:

PROPERTY											TEST
Grab Strength. . . . . . .90 kg (200 lb.)			ASTM D 4632
Burst Strength . . . . . 227 kg (500 lb.)			ASTM D 3786
Puncture Strength. . . . .54 kg (120 lb.)			ASTM D 751
Abrasion Resistance. . . . 25 kg (55 lb.)			ASTM D 3884
Seam Breaking Strength . .82 kg (180 lb.)			ASTM D 1683
EOS (Equivalent Opening Size) U.S. Sieve No. 70-100	ASTM D 4751
Opening Area (Max)  . .4-10%
Permeability
Min. . . . . . .0.02 cm/sec.
Max. . . . . . .0.30 cm/sec.

D.	abLoose Riprap:  Stone shall consist of hard, durable stone, cobbles, spalls, or broken concrete; angular in shape, resistant to weathering and to water action.  Material shall be free from overburden, spoil, shale, and organic material, and shall meet the gradation requirements specified below.

1.	abMinimum Density:  Shall be 2400 kg/m3 (150 pcf.)
2.	abResistance to Disintegration
a.	abSulfate Soundness Test:  Stones shall have a loss not exceeding 10% with the sulfate test after 5 cycles according to AASHTO T 104.
b.	abFreezing and Thawing Test:  The stone should not have a loss exceeding 10% after 12 cycles of freezing and thawing according to AASHTO T 103.

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SELECT REQUIRED GRADATION.  USE EITHER THE WEIGHT OR SIZE COLUMN, BUT NOT BOTH.  IN STATEMENT FOLLOWING THE TABLE, SELECT ROCK DIAMETER IF DIFFERENT FROM 4 INCHES AND PERCENT IF OTHER THAN 5 PERCENT.
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3.	abGradation:  Loose riprap shall meet the gradations below.  The least dimension of a stone shall be considered its size.  Sand, gravel rock dust and rock smaller than 100 mm (4 inches) in diameter shall not exceed 5 percent, by weight, of the total riprap material.

Class	Approximate Given Size		

Equivalent Cubic Dimension mm (inch)	

Total Size Smaller than Given Size  (%)	
	Weight
kg (lbs)	Volume
m3 (ft3)			

1	15 (33)	0.006 (0.21)	175 (7)	100	
	10 (22)	0.004 (0.14)	150 (6)	80	
	5 (11)	0.002 (0.07)	125 (5)	50	
	0.5 (1)	0.003 (0.01)	50 (2)	10*	

2	45 (100)	0.018 (0.65)	250 (10)	100	
	27 (60)	0.011 (0.39)	225 (9)	80	
	11 (25)	0.005 (0.16)	165 (6.5)	50	
	1 (2)	0.003 (0.01)	75 (3)	10*	

3	136 (300)	0.055 (1.94)	380 (15)	100	
	90 (200)	0.037 (1.29)	330 (13)	80	
	40 (90)	0.017 (0.58)	250 (10)	50	
	5 (10)	0.002 (0.06)	125 (5)	10*	

4	317 (700)	0.128 (4.52)	500 (20)	100	
	227 (500)	0.091 (3.23)	460 (18)	80	
	90 (200)	0.037 (1.29)	330 (13)	50	
	9 (20)	0.004 (0.013)	150 (6)	10*	

5	910 (2,000)	0.365 (12.90)	710 (28)	100	
	635 (1,400)	0.256 (9.03)	635 (25)	80	
	317 (700)	0.128 (4.52)	500 (20)	50	
	23 (50)	0.009 (0.32)	200 (8)	10*	

6	1600 (3,500)	0.639 (22.58)	860 (34)	100	
	816 (1,800)	0.329 (11.61)	685 (27)	80	
	454 (1,000)	0.183 (6.45)	560 (22)	50	
	45 (100)	0.018 (0.65)	250 (10)	10 *	

*  Material shall consist of spalls and rock fragments graded to provide a stable compact mass.

PART 3: EXECUTION

.1	ab3PREPARATION

A.	abClearing:  Slopes to be protected by riprap shall be free of brush, trees, stumps, and other trash.  Dress to a smooth surface.

B.	abExcavation:  Foundation trenches and other necessary excavations shall be excavated as provided in [Section 02315 ‑ Excavation and Fill] [Section 02322 - Excavation and Fill for Structures].  Place riprap after receiving approval in writing by the Contracting Officer.  Soft or spongy material shall be removed to the depth shown on the drawings, and replaced with approved material.  Filled areas will be compacted as specified in Section 02315 - Excavation and Fill.

.2	ab3INSTALLATION

A.	abPlacement of Geotechnic Fabric:  Fabric shall be placed on a smooth prepared slope under the riprap as shown on the drawings.  The finished installation shall present a smooth unwrinkled surface against the underlying soil.  The fabric shall be anchored to prevent movement when the gravel filter and riprap is placed over it.  The fabric material shall not be exposed to sunlight for more than 2 days prior to covering with gravel.  Fabric edges may be sewn, bonded or lapped.  When lapped, the overlap shall not be less than 1500 mm (5 feet).

B.	abGravel Filter Layer:  Place on the prepared slope or area to the full specified thickness of each layer in one operation.  Use methods that avoid causing segregation of particle sizes within the bedding.  The surface of the finished layer shall be even and free from mounds or windrows.  Additional layers of filter material, when required, shall be placed in the same manner.  Use methods that avoid causing mixture of the material in the different layers.

C.	abLoose Stone Riprap:  Place on [the geotextile fabric] [and] the prepared slope or area to produce a solid, well‑graded mass of [stone] [material] within the limits shown on the drawings.  Place riprap to its full course thickness in one operation and avoid displacing the underlying material.  Placing of riprap by dumping into chutes, or by similar methods likely to cause segregation, will not be permitted.  Hand placing or rearranging of individual stones by mechanical equipment may be required to the extent necessary to secure the results specified.

PART 4: MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

.1	ab4METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

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WHEN A "LUMP SUM" CONTRACT IS USED, DELETE THE TITLE PART 4:  MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT, AND BOTH ARTICLES FROM THIS SECTION.  MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT WILL BE ADDRESSED IN PART 4 OF SECTION 01009 - GENERAL INFORMATION AND REQUIREMENTS OR SECTION 01010 - SUMMARY OF WORK.

WHEN NOT A "LUMP SUM" CONTRACT, SELECT APPLICABLE PHRASES; USE THE "NO MEASUREMENT" PHRASE WHEN NONE OF THE PAY ITEMS IN THIS SECTION ARE INCLUDED IN THE BID SCHEDULE.
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A.	abUnits:  The work described in this section will [not be measured for payment.]  [be measured and paid for] [on a lump sum basis.]  [by the square meter (yard).]  [by the cubic meter (yard).]  [to the depth shown on the drawings, accepted in place.]  [Excavation will be paid for under Section 02315 ‑ Excavation and Fill.]  [Gravel filter layer will be measured and paid for] [by the square yard.]  [by the cubic yard.]  [Geotextile fabric will be measured and paid for by the square yard.]

.2	ab4BASIS OF PAYMENT

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WHEN NOT A "LUMP SUM" CONTRACT, SELECT APPLICABLE PHRASES; USE THE "NO DIRECT PAYMENT" PHRASE WHEN NONE OF THE PAY ITEMS IN THIS SECTION ARE INCLUDED IN THE BID SCHEDULE.

WHEN NOT A "LUMP SUM" CONTRACT AND PAYMENT IS TO BE MADE UNDER THIS SECTION, SELECT APPLICABLE PAY ITEMS.  DO NOT CHANGE PAY ITEM NUMBER.
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A.	abPayment:  [No direct payment for the work described under this section will be made.  Consideration for this item shall be included in the bid price for other items of the Contract.]  [Prices and payment will be full compensation for the work described in this section.  Payment will be made under:]

Pay Item										Pay Unit

02378(01)	Class I Riprap	Lump Sum
02378(02)	Class I Riprap	Square Meter (Square Yard)
02378(03)	Class I Riprap	Cubic Meter (Cubic Yard)
02378(10)	Class II Riprap	Lump Sum
02378(11)	Class II Riprap	Square Meter (Square Yard)
02378(12)	Class II Riprap	Cubic Meter (Cubic Yard)
02378(20)	Class III Riprap	Lump Sum
02378(21)	Class III Riprap	Square Meter (Square Yard)
02378(22)	Class III Riprap	Cubic Meter (Cubic Yard)
02378(30)	Class IV Riprap	Lump Sum
02378(31)	Class IV Riprap	Square Meter (Square Yard)
02378(32)	Class IV Riprap	Cubic Meter (Cubic Yard)
02378(40)	Gravel Filter Layer	Lump Sum
02378(41)	Gravel Filter Layer	Square Meter (Square Yard)
02378(42)	Gravel Filter Layer	Cubic Meter (Cubic Yard)
02378(50)	Geotextile Fabric	Lump Sum
02378(51)	Geotextile Fabric	Square Meter (Square Yard)
02378(52)	Geotextile Fabric	Cubic Meter (Cubic Yard)

END OF SECTION