Stock number: BGS 201
Locus name: Chlorina seedling 7
Locus symbol: fch7

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Chlorina seedling 7 = f7 (1).
Chlorina seedling 7 = clo-f7^f7 (2).

Monofactorial recessive (1).
Located in chromosome 1HL [5L] (1), about 4.7 cM proximal from the trd (third outer glume) locus, and about 22.7 cM distal from the Blp (black lemma and pericarp) locus (1).

Seedlings are light green and remain light green until near maturity (1). Plant vigor and seed yield are reduced, and developmental stages are delayed.

A spontaneous mutant in Smyrna (1).

fch7.h in Smyrna (Smyrna II) (1); fch7.i in Smyrna (Smyrna III) (3).

fch7.h in Smyrna (GSHO 4); fch7.h in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 2058).

1. Robertson, D.W. 1969. Linkage studies with five naturally occurring chlorophyll mutations in barley (Hordeum species). Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 9:321-326.
2. Simpson, D.J., and D. von Wettstein. 1992. Coordinator's report: Nuclear genes affecting the chloroplast. Stock list of mutants kept at the Carlsberg Laboratory. BGN 21:102-108.
3. Tsuchiya, T. 1972. Allelism testing of various mutations in barley. BGN 2:80-87.

T.E. Haus and T. Tsuchiya. 1971. BGN 1:146

T. Tsuchiya. 1980. BGN 10:120.
J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:206.

Stock number: BGS 202
Locus name: Third outer glume
Locus symbol: trd

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Third glume = t (3).
Bracteate (6).
Bracteatum-c = bra-c (1).

Monofactorial recessive (3, 4, 6, 7).
Located in chromosome 1HL [5L] (3, 4, 7), about 16.0 cM distal from the Blp (black lemma and pericarp) locus (3, 4, 7), and about 11.4 cM proximal from the eam8 (early maturity 8) locus (8).

The characteristic trait of this mutant is the presence of a bract, third outer glume, outside the two empty glumes of the central spikelet. The bract associated with the lowest spikelet is always the largest, embracing in some cases about one-half the spike, and the bracts become progressively smaller toward the tip of the spike (7). Basal rachis internodes may be elongated. Although allelism tests were not conducted for the first three trd mutants, similar linkage values between the trd and Blp loci are reported (3, 4, 7). Takahashi et al. (7) assume that they used the same material studied by Miyake and Imai (6).

A spontaneous mutant in Hordeum vulgare var afghanicum (3).

trd1.a in Hordeum vulgare var afghanicum (3, 6); trd1.b in Valki (CIho 5478) (4); trd1.c in a Japanese cultivar (6, 7); trd1.d (Mut 1969/61) in Proctor (PI 280420) (2); bra-c.1 in Bonus (PI 189763) (1); bra-c.2, -c.3, -c.4, -c.5 in Bonus, -c.6 in Foma (CIho 11333), -c.8 in Kristina (5).

trd1.b in Valki (GSHO 227); bra-c.1 in Bonus (GSHO 1695); trd1.b from R.I. Wolfe's Chromosome 5 Marker Stock in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 2060); bra-c.1 in Bowman*4 (GSHO 2061).

1. Gustafsson, Å., A. Hagberg, U. Lundqvist, and G. Persson. 1969. A proposed system of symbols for the collection of barley mutants at Svalöv. Hereditas 62:409-414.
2. Häuser, H., and G. Fischbeck. 1972. Translocations and genetic analysis of other mutants. BGN 2:28-29.
3. Ivanova, K.V. 1937. A new character in barley "third outer glume" -- Its inheritance and linkage with color of the flowering glumes. Bull. Appl. Bot., Genet., & Pl. Breed. II. 7:339-353.
4. Konzak, C.F. 1953. The third outer glume character in barley. J. Hered. 44:103-104.
5. Lundqvist, U. (unpublished).
6. Miyake, K., and Y. Imai. 1922. [Genetic studies in barley. 1.] Bot. Mag., Tokyo 36:25-38. [In Japanese.]
7. Takahashi, R., J. Yamamoto, S. Yasuda, and Y. Itano. 1953. Inheritance and linkage studies in barley. Ber. Ohara Inst. landw. Forsch. 10:29-52.
8. Takahashi, R., and S. Yasuda. 1971. Genetics of earliness and growth habit in barley. p. 388-408. In R.A. Nilan (ed.) Barley Genetics II. Proc. Second Int. Barley Genet. Symp., Pullman, WA, 1969. Washington State Univ. Press, Pullman.
9. Tsuchiya, T. 1974. Further results of allelism testing in barley. BGN 4:82-85.

T.E. Haus and T. Tsuchiya. 1971. BGN 1:147.

T. Tsuchiya. 1980. BGN 10:121.
J.D. Franckowiak and U. Lundqvist. 1997. BGN 26:207-208.

Stock number: BGS 203
Locus name: Black lemma and pericarp
Locus symbol: Blp

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Black lemma and caryopsis = B (5).
Black pericarp = Bk (1).
Black lemma and pericarp = B (6).

Monofactorial dominant (1, 3, 5).
Located in chromosome 1HL [5L] (2, 4), about 16.0 cM proximal from the trd (third outer glume) locus (2).

Black pigmentation of the lemma and pericarp develops slightly before maturation of the spike. Pigmented organs may include all parts of the spike, awns, the upper portion of the stem, and upper leaves. The intensity of pigmentation associated with each of the dominant alleles at the Blp locus is characteristic of that allele, and is relatively stable over environments (6). Black seed is produced by melanin-like pigment in the pericarp (1). Woodward (6) reports that the dominance ranking of alleles at the Blp locus is related to the intensity of black pigmentation they confer, with the Blp1.b (B) allele conferring extreme black pigmentation. The Blp1.mb (B^mb) allele is associated with medium black and a reduced distribution pattern; and the Blp1.g (B^g) allele is associated with light black or gray coloration (6, 7).

Natural occurrence in several cultivars (5, 6).

Blp1.b (B) in Hordeum distichon var nigrinudum No 1 (6); Blp1.mb (B^mb) in CIho 2970 (GSHO 226) (6); Blp1.g (B^g) in Blackhull (CIho 878, GSHO 199) and Black Smyrna (CIho 191, GSHO 222) (6).

Blp1.b in Hordeum distichon var nigrinudum No 1 (GSHO 988); Blp1.b from R.I. Wolfe's Multiple Dominant Marker Stock (GSHO 1580) in Bowman (PI 483237)*6 (GSHO 2054).

1. Buckley, G.F.H. 1930. Inheritance in barley with special reference to the color of the caryopsis and lemma. Sci. Agric. 10:460-492.
2. Ivanova, K.V. 1937. A new character in barley "third outer glume" -- Its inheritance and linkage with color of the flowering glumes. Bull. Appl. Bot., Genet., & Pl. Breed. II. 7:339-353.
3. Robertson, D.W. 1929. Linkage studies in barley. Genetics 14:1-36.
4. Robertson, D.W., G.A. Wiebe, R.G. Shands, and A. Hagberg. 1965. A summary of linkage studies in cultivated barley, Hordeum species: Supplement III, 1954-1963. Crop Sci. 5:33-43.
5. Tschermak, E. von. 1901. Über Züchtung neuer Getreiderassen mittelst künstlicher Kreuzung. Kritisch-historische Betrachtungen. Zeitschrift für das landwirtschaftliche Versuchswesen Oesterreich 4:1029-1060.
6. Woodward, R.W. 1941. Inheritance of melanin-like pigment in the glumes and caryopses of barley. J. Agric. Res. 63:21-28.
7. Woodward, R.W. 1942. Linkage relationships between the allelomorphic series, B, B^mb, B^g, and A_ta_t factors in barley. J. Amer. Soc. Agron. 34:659-661.

T.E. Haus and T. Tsuchiya. 1971. BGN 1:148.

J.D. Franckowiak and U. Lundqvist. 1997. BGN 26:209.

Stock number: BGS 207
Locus name: Albino seedling 1
Locus symbol: abo1

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

White seedling t = a_t (2).
Albino seedling t = a_t (3).

Monofactorial recessive (2).
Located in chromosome 1HL [5L], over 22.3 cM proximal from the Blp (black lemma and pericarp) locus (2), and over 36.7 cM proximal from the Blp locus (4).

Seedlings are white in color and devoid of normal pigments (2). Plants with this phenotype die at the two or three leaf stage and are classified as albino mutants (3). The abo1.a gene must be maintained as a heterozygous stock. The albino seedling mutant (line B17) described by Daane (1) may be the same as the one studied by Robertson (2). Both are reported as originating as a selection from the cultivar Trebi made at the University of Minnesota. Although some phenotypic differences and different map positions are reported (1, 2), both authors may have studied the same mutant. The mutant studied by Daane is not present in barley collections; thus, allelism tests are not possible.

A spontaneous mutant in Trebi (PI 537442), which was obtained from the University of Minnesota (2).

abo1.a in Trebi (Trebi I) (2).

abo1.a in Trebi (GSHO 51).

1. Daane, A. 1931. Linkage relations in barley. Minnesota Agric. Exp. Stn. Tech Bull. 78. 30 p.
2. Robertson, D.W. 1929. Linkage studies in barley. Genetics 14:1-36.
3. Robertson, D.W., G.A. Wiebe, and F.R. Immer. 1941. A summary of linkage studies in barley. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 33:47-64.
4. Woodward, R.W. 1942. Linkage relationships between the allelomorphic series, B, B^mb, B^g, and A_ta_t factors in barley. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 34:659-661.

T.E. Haus and T. Tsuchiya. 1971. BGN 1:152.

J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:210.

Stock number: BGS 208
Locus name: Fragile stem 2
Locus symbol: fst2

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Fragile stem 2 = fs2 (6).

Monofactorial recessive (3, 6).
Located in chromosome 1HL [5L] (2, 4, 5), over 19.0 cM proximal from the nec1 (necrotic leaf spot 1) locus (1).

The leaf and stem characteristics of fst2 plants are similar to those of fst1 plants (2). Leaves and stems are very fragile and easily broken when slightly bent (6). Young leaves generally wither in the afternoon in the greenhouse and in the field during the spring. Most of the leaf blade tips turn yellow prior to heading, and gradual die back is observed (2). Plants are about one-half normal height when protected in the greenhouse, but in the field plants are weak and are easily damaged by wind. Stems are often curved, and seeds are small and thin.

A spontaneous mutant in Oshichi (OUJ755, PI 190273) (2, 6).

fst2.b in Oshichi (Oshichi-hen, OUL006) (2, 6).

fst2.b in Oshichi (GSHO 578); fst2.b in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 2046).

1. Jensen, J., and J.H. Jørgensen. 1973. Locating some genes on barley chromosome 5. BGN 3:25-27.
2. Takahashi, R., J. Hayashi, and U. Hiura. 1966. Inheritance and linkage studies in barley. III. Linkage of the gene for fragile stem-2 and orientation of the linkage map on barley chromosome 5. Ber. Ohara Inst. landw. Biol., Okayama Univ. 13:199-212.
3. Takahashi, R., J. Yamamoto, S. Yasuda, and Y. Itano. 1953. Inheritance and linkage studies in barley. Ber. Ohara Inst. landw. Forsch. 10:29-52.
4. Tsuchiya, T. 1972. Revision of linkage map of chromosome 5 in barley by means of telotrisomic analysis. J. Hered. 63:373-375.
5. Tsuchiya, T., and R.J. Singh. 1973. Further information on telotrisomic analysis in barley. BGN 3:75-78.
6. Walker, G.W.R., J. Dietrich, R. Miller, and K.J. Kasha. 1963. Recent barley mutants and their linkages II. Genetic data for further mutants. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 5:200-219.

T.E. Haus and T. Tsuchiya. 1971. BGN 1:153.

R. Takahashi. 1972. BGN 2:192.
J.D. Franckowiak and T. Konishi. 1997. BGN 26:211.

Stock number: BGS 213
Locus name: Spring growth habit 3
Locus symbol: Sgh3

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Spring habit of growth 3 = Sh3 (3).

Monofactorial dominant (3).
Located in chromosome 1HL [5L] (2, 4), over 35.8 cM proximal from the Blp (black lemma and pericarp) locus (1, 2).

Cultivars with the Sgh3.c allele exhibit a highly spring habit (grade I) and plants form ear primordia under long-day conditions without prior cold treatment (2, 3). When near-isogenic lines for growth habit are grown at Kurashiki, Japan, the Sgh3.c allele has major influence on maturity and phenotype in the absence or presence of other spring habit of growth genes. Plants are 10 days or more earlier, tillers per plant are 30% less or more, kernel number is reduced by about 20%, and spike length is reduced (5). Spring cultivars having only the Sgh3.c gene have never been found. Spring cultivars with the Sgh2.b Sgh3.c genotype occur most frequently in North Pakistan, North India, Tibet, Ethiopia, and Northern Europe (6). The Sgh3.c allele is always accompanied by the Sgh2.b or the sgh1.a and Sgh2.b genes in cultivars (1, 2).

Natural occurrence in many cultivars (2, 6).

Sgh3.c occurs in many spring cultivars distributed mostly in regions of extremely high latitude or high altitude (2).

Sgh3.c in a selection from the cross Tammi X Hayakiso 2 (GSHO 764), which has the winter habit alleles at the sgh1 and Sgh2 loci (2).

1. Takahashi, R., and S. Yasuda. 1956. Genetic studies of spring and winter habit of growth habit in barley. Ber. Ohara Inst. landw. Biol., Okayama Univ. 10:245-308.
2. Takahashi, R., and S. Yasuda. 1971. Genetics of earliness and growth habit in barley. p. 388-408. In R.A. Nilan (ed.) Barley Genetics II. Proc. Second Int. Barley Genet. Symp., Pullman, WA, 1969. Washington State Univ. Press, Pullman.
3. Takahashi, R., S. Yasuda, J. Hayashi, and I. Shiojiri. 1954. [Physiology and genetics of ear emergence in wheat and barley. III. Genetic studies on the spring habit of growth with various barley varieties.] Nogaku Kenkyu 41:87-96. [In Japanese.]
4. Yasuda, S. 1969. Linkage and pleiotropic effects on agronomic characters of the genes for spring growth habit. Barley Newsl. 12:57-58.
5. Yasuda, S. 1981. Comparison of yield and some yield components among strains with different genetic combinations of spring genes in barley. BGN 11:38-40.
6. Yasuda, S., J. Hayashi, and I. Moriya. 1986. Genotype differentiation in spring growth habit of barley strains collected from northern parts of Pakistan and India. BGN 16:18-19.

S. Yasuda. 1972. BGN 2:191.

J.D. Franckowiak and T. Konishi. 1997. BGN 26:212.

Stock number: BGS 214
Locus name: Early maturity 8
Locus symbol: eam8

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Early heading k = ea_k (18, 25).
Early maturity-a = ea-a (8, 20).
Praematurum-a = mat-a (1, 8, 12, 13, 25).
Erectoides-o = ert-o (8, 17).

Monofactorial recessive (1, 7).
Located in chromosome 1HL [5L] (20), about 11.4 cM distal from the trd (third outer glume) locus and 20.9 cM distal from the Blp (black lemma and pericarp) locus (20, 23).

Early heading is associated with decreased culm length, spike length, kernels per spike, and grain yield (15, 23, 25). When grown in the fall at Kurashiki, Japan, plants head about 20 days earlier than the standard mid-season cultivar, Akashinriki, because they are day-length neutral or photoperiod insensitive (25). Day-length neutrality is observed in early heading mutants isolated from spring barley in Sweden (2, 9). Under controlled environmental conditions, number of days to heading does not change as photoperiod is altered (2, 10). All the mat-a induced mutants are characterized by yellowish-green seedlings at an early stage of development under controlled environmental conditions (3). Other eam8 mutants show a similar response by becoming yellow green under specific growing conditions, 8 to 12 hours of illumination at low temperatures (below 10 C) plus high temperature (20 C or higher) during the dark period (5, 20, 23). The color change is caused by photothermal stress, which increases the zeaxanthin content at the expense of chlorophyll and other pigments (5, 18, 23). The mutant stock mat-a.8 was released as the cultivar Mari (9, 11).

An X-ray induced mutant in Maja (PI 184884) (6, 7, 10); natural occurrence in Kinai 5 (OUJ493) and Kagoshima Gold (OUJ219) (20, 24).

ert-o.16 in Maja (6); eam8.k in Kagoshima Gold, Kinai 5 (CIho 11560), and Kindoku (OUU332) (20, 21, 24); mat-a.8, -a.11, -a.12 in Bonus (PI 189763) (7, 13); mat-a.27, -a.45, -a.46, -a.48, -a.62 in Bonus, -a.110, -a.130, -a.153, -a.221, -a.238, -a.255, -a.272, -a.274, -a.287, -a.289, -a.294, -a.325, -a.338, -a.370, -a.384, -a.390, -a.404, -a.406, -a.407 in Foma (CIho 11333), -a.509, -a.641, -a.703, -a.733 in Kristina, -a.753, -a.796, -a.797, -a.813, -a.832, -a.903, -a.909, -a.921 in Bonus, -a.961, -a.970, -a.976, -a.984, -a.1011 in Sv 79353, -a.1032, -a.1033, -a.1034, -a.1035, -a.1036, -a.1037, -a.1039, -a.1040, -a.1041, -a.1042, -a.1043, -a.1044, -a.1045, -a.1046, -a.1047, -a.1048, -a.1049 in Sv Vg74233 (12); mat-a.1050, -a.1051, -a.1052, -a.1053, -a.1054, -a.1055, -a.1056, -a.1057, -a.1058, -a.1059, -a.1060, -a.1061, -a.1062, -a.1063, -a.1064, -a.1065, -a.1067, -a.1069, -a.1070, -a.1071, -a.1072, -a.1073, -a.1074 in Sv Vg74233 (14); eam8.q (Ea8), eam8.r (Ea9), eam8.s (Ea10), eam8.t (Ea16) in Chikurin Ibaraki 1 (OUJ069, CIho 7370, GSHO 783) (22); eam8.u (Mut 2571) in Donaria (PI 161974) (5, 16); eam8.v in Munsing (CIho 6009, GSHO 636) (4, 18, 19); eam8.w in Early Russian (CIho 13839) (4).

eam8.k in Kinai 5 (OUJ439, GSHO 765); ert-o.16 in Maja (GSHO 489); eam8.k in Bonus*5 (24); mat-a.8 in Tochigi Golden*5 (24); eam8.u in Munsing/7*Titan (CIho 16526) (19); eam8.k in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 2063); ert-o.16 in Bowman*7 (GSHO 2064).

1. Favret, E.A., and J.H. Frecha. 1967. Allelism test of genes for earliness. Barley Newsl. 10:121.
2. Dormling, I., Å. Gustafsson, H.R. Jung, and D. von Wettstein. 1966. Phytotron cultivation of Svalöf's Bonus barley and its mutant Svalöf's Mari. Hereditas 56:221-237.
3. Dormling, I., and Å. Gustafsson. 1969. Phytotron cultivation of early barley mutants. Theor. Appl. Genet. 39:51-61.
4. Gallagher, L.W. (unpublished).
5. Gallagher, L.W., A.A. Hafez, S.S. Goyal, and D.W. Rains. 1994. Nuclear mutations affecting chloroplastic pigments of photoperiod-insensitive barley. Plant Breed. 113:65-70.
6. Gustafsson, Å. 1947. Mutations in agricultural plants. Hereditas 33:1-100.
7. Gustafsson, Å., A. Hagberg, and U. Lundqvist. 1960. The induction of early mutants in Bonus barley. Hereditas 46:675-699.
8. Gustafsson, Å., A. Hagberg, U. Lundqvist, and G. Persson. 1969. A proposed system of symbols for the collection of barley mutants at Svalöv. Hereditas 62:409-414.
9. Gustafsson, Å., A. Hagberg, G. Persson and K. Wiklund. 1971. Induced mutations and barley improvement. Theor. Appl. Genet. 41:239-248.
10. Gustafsson, Å., and U. Lundqvist. 1976. Controlled environment and short-day tolerance in barley mutants. p. 45-53. In Induced Mutants in Cross-breeding. Proc. Advisory Group, Vienna. 1975. Int. Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.
11. Hagberg, A. 1961. [Svalöfs original Mari barley.] Aktuellt från Svalöf. Allmänna Svenska Utsädesaktiebolaget. p. 13-16. [In Swedish.]
12. Lundqvist, U. 1991. Swedish mutation research in barley with plant breeding aspects. A historical review. p. 135-148. In Plant Mutation Breeding for Crop Improvement. Proc. Int. Symp. Vienna, 1990. Int. Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.
13. Lundqvist, U. 1992. Coordinator's report: Earliness genes. BGN 21:127-129.
14. Lundqvist, U. (unpublished).
15. Mellish, D.R., B.L. Harvey, and B.G. Rossnagel. 1978. The effect of a gene for earliness in 2-row barley. Barley Newsl. 22:76.
16. Mettin, D. 1961. Mutationsversuche an Kulturpflanzen. XII. Über das genetische Verhalten von frühreifen Gerstenmutanten. Züchter 31:83-89.
17. Persson, G., and A. Hagberg. 1969. Induced variation in a quantitative character in barley. Morphology and cytogenetics of erectoides mutants. Hereditas 61:115-178.
18. Principe, J.M., W.R. Hruachka, B. Thomas, and G.F. Deitzer. 1992. Protein differences between two isogenic cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) that differ in sensitivity to photoperiod and far-red light. Plant Physiol. 98:1444-1450.
19. Smail, V.W., R.F. Eslick, and E.A. Hockett. 1986. Isogenic heading date effects on yield component development in 'Titan' barley. Crop Sci. 26:1023-1029.

20. Takahashi, R., and S. Yasuda. 1971. Genetics of earliness and growth habit in barley. p. 388-408. In R.A. Nilan (ed.) Barley Genetics II. Proc. Second Int. Barley Genet. Symp., Pullman, WA, 1969. Washington State Univ. Press, Pullman.
21. Takahashi, R., S. Yasuda, J. Hayashi, T. Fukuyama, I. Moriya, and T. Konishi. 1983. Catalogue of barley germplasm preserved in Okayama University. Inst. Agric. Biol. Sci., Okayama Univ., Kurashiki, Japan. 217 p.
22. Ukai, Y., and A. Yamashita. 1981. Early mutants of barley induced by ionizing radiation and chemicals. p. 846-854. In M.J.C. Asher, R.P. Ellis, A.M. Hayter, and R.N.H. Whitehouse (eds.) Barley Genetics IV. Proc. Fourth Int. Barley Genet. Symp., Edinburgh. Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh.
23. Yasuda, S. 1977. Linkage of the earliness gene ea_k and its pleiotropic effects under different growth conditions. Ber. Ohara Inst. landw. Biol., Okayama Univ. 17:15-28.
24. Yasuda, S. 1978. Effects of the very early gene, ea_k, on yield and its components in barley. BGN 8:125-127.
25. Yasuda, S., T. Konishi, and H. Shimoyama. 1965. [Varietal difference in yellowing of barleys under a certain controlled condition of temperature and photoperiod, and its mode of inheritance.] Nogaku Kenkyu 51:53-65. [In Japanese.]

S. Yasuda. 1972. BGN 2:198.

J.D. Franckowiak, U. Lundqvist, T. Konishi, and L.W. Gallagher. 1997. BGN 26:213-215.

Stock number: BGS 215
Locus name: Desynapsis 6
Locus symbol: des6

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

None.

Monofactorial recessive (3, 4).
Located in chromosome 1H [5] (1).

The chromosomes are paired during pachytene and undergo desynapsis during diplotene. The degree of desynapsis is 7.9 +/- 2.1 ranging from 7 ring bivalents (d = 0) to 14 univalents (d = 14). Many univalents split longitudinally during anaphase I. Lagging chromosomes and micronuclei are observed frequently at telophase I. Microspore quartets contain an average of 3.3 micronuclei per quartet with a range of 0 to 12. Ovule fertility is about 16%, and about 22% of the selfed seeds are trisomics (1).

A spontaneous mutant in Betzes (PI 129430) (3, 4).

des6.i in Betzes (3, 4); des6.m in OAC 21 (CIho 1740), des6.o in Betzes (2, 4).

des6.i in Betzes (GSHO 597).

1. Hernandez-Soriano, J.M. 1973. Desynaptic mutants in Betzes barley. M.S. Thesis. Univ. of Arizona, Tucson.
2. Hernandez-Soriano, J.M., and R.T. Ramage. 1973. Coordinator's report. Desynaptic genes. BGN 3:91.
3. Ramage, R.T., and J.M. Hernandez-Soriano. 1971. Desynaptic genes in Betzes barley. BGN 1:38.
4. Ramage, R.T., and J.M. Hernandez-Soriano. 1972. Desynaptic genes in barley. BGN 2:65-68.

J.M. Hernandez-Soriano, R.T. Ramage, and R.F. Eslick. 1973. BGN 3:129.

J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:216.

Stock number: BGS 218
Locus name: Reaction to Puccinia hordei 4 (barley leaf rust)
Locus symbol: Rph4

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Resistance to Puccinia hordei D = D (5).
Resistance to Puccinia hordei Otth 4 = Pa₄ (6).

Monofactorial dominant (3, 5).
Located in chromosome 1HS [5S] (2, 3), about 16.0 cM distal from the Reg1 or mla (reaction to Erysiphe graminis 1) locus (1, 2).

The seedling reaction type is 0;ⁿ - 1^c with race 4 culture 57-19. Heterozygotes may have a type 2 or 3 reaction under certain conditions (6).

Natural occurrence in Gull (Gold) (CIho 1145, GSHO 466) and Lechtaler (CIho 6488) (3, 4).

Rph4.d in Gull, Lechtaler (3, 4); Franger (CIho 8811) (7).

Rph4.d in Gull (GSHO 1314); Rph4.d in Bowman (PI 483237)*2 (GSHO 2322).

1. Jensen, J., and J.H. Jørgensen. 1974. Genetic linkage map of chromosome 5. II. An experiment with nine widely spaced loci. BGN 4:42-43.
2. McDaniel, M.E., and B.R. Hathcock. 1969. Linkage of the Pa₄ and Ml_a loci in barley. Crop Sci. 9:822.
3. Moseman, J.G., and D.A. Reid. 1961. Linkage relationship of genes conditioning resistance to leaf rust and powdery mildew. Crop Sci. 1:425-427.
4. Moseman, J.G., and C.W. Roane. 1959. Physiologic races of barley leaf rust (Puccinia hordei) isolated in the United States from 1956 to 1958. Plant Dis. Rep. 43:1000-1003.
5. Roane, C.W. 1962. Inheritance of reaction to Puccinia hordei in barley. I. Genes for resistance among North American race differentiating varieties. Phytopathology 52:1288-1295.
6. Roane, C.W., and T.M. Starling. 1967. Inheritance of reaction to Puccinia hordei in barley. II. Gene symbols for loci in differential cultivars. Phytopathology 57:66-68.
7. Roane, C.W., and T.M. Starling. 1970. Inheritance of reaction to Puccinia hordei in barley. III. Genes in the cultivars Cebada Capa and Franger. Phytopathology 60:788-790.

C.W. Roane. 1976. BGN 6:129.

J.D. Franckowiak and Y. Jin. 1997. BGN 26:217.

Stock number: BGS 220
Locus name: Chlorina seedling 3
Locus symbol: fch3

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Chlorina seedling 3 = f3 (1).

Monofactorial recessive (1, 2).
Located in chromosome 1HS [5S] (2, 3, 4, 5).

Seedlings have bright yellow leaves, which gradually change color to a light green as the plant grows. Plants are vigorous, but remain chlorina or light green until maturity. Plants expressing the fch3.d gene can be distinguished readily from normal plants at all stages of growth (1, 2).

A spontaneous mutant in an unknown cultivar (1).

fch3.d in an unknown cultivar (Minn 89-4).

fch3.d in an unknown cultivar (GSHO 851); fch3.d in Bowman (PI 483237)*6 (GSHO 2033).

1. Immer, F.R., and M.T. Henderson. 1943. Linkage studies in barley. Genetics 28:419-440.
2. Shahla, A., and T. Tsuchiya. 1978. Trisomic analysis of the gene f3 for chlorina 3. BGN 8:89-90.
3. Shahla, A., and T. Tsuchiya. 1984. Genetic studies with acrotrisomic 5S5L in barley. BGN 14:9-11.
4. Shahla, A., and T. Tsuchiya. 1985. Further information in telotrisomic analysis in barley. BGN 15:26-27.
5. Wang, S. 1995. Association of the chlorina gene f3 with chromosome arm 5S in barley. Heredity 86:151-152.

A. Shahla and T. Tsuchiya. 1979. BGN 9:132.

J.D. Franckowiak and A. Hang. 1997. BGN 26:218.

Stock number: BGS 221
Locus name: White streak 5
Locus symbol: wst5

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

None.

Monofactorial recessive (3).
Located in chromosome 1HL [5L] (3), about 34.5 cM distal from the nec1 (necrotic leaf spot 1) locus (1, 2, 3), and about 21.7 cM proximal from the Blp (black lemma and pericarp) locus (1, 2, 4).

White streaks with poorly defined margins may develop on the foliage, but expression is influenced by environment and possibly genetic background. Some environmental conditions cause the plants to be nearly albinotic from the seedling stage until heading when the plants turn green, while under other conditions the streaks seem absent (4).

A mutant induced by combined treatment with gamma-rays and diethyl sulfate of Carlsberg II (CIho 10114) (4).

wst5.e in Carlsberg II (Mutant no 10) (3).

wst5.e in Carlsberg II (GSHO 591).

1. Jensen, J. 1978. Location of the eceriferum locus cer-zi on barley chromosome 5. BGN 8:59-60.
2. Jensen, J. 1992. Coordinator's report: Chromosome 5. BGN 21:89-92.
3. Jensen, J., and J.H. Jørgensen. 1973. Locating some genes on barley chromosome 5. BGN 3:25-27.
4. Nielsen, G., H. Johansen, and J. Jensen. 1983. Localization on barley chromosome 5 of the locus Pgd2 coding for phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. BGN 13:57-59.

J. Jensen. 1981. BGN 11:100.

J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:219.

Stock number: BGS 222
Locus name: Necrotic leaf spot 1
Locus symbol: nec1

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Mutant no 10 (2).
Parkland spot = sp,,b (1).

Monofactorial recessive (2, 4).
Located in chromosome 1HL [5L] (1, 2, 4), near the centromere (1) and about 34.5 cM proximal from the wst5 (white streak 5) locus (3, 5), and about 10.0 cM distal from the msg1 (male sterile genetic 1) locus (4, 6).

Small black-brown spots develop on all light-exposed parts of the plant starting near the leaf tip at the three-leaf stage (1, 2). The spots are oval (the longest dimension is parallel to the leaf veins) and generally less than 1 to 2 mm in size. The spots are concentrated in awn and the most distal parts of the leaf blade, but may occur on all plant parts (2, 4).

A mutant induced by combined treatment with gamma-rays and diethyl sulfate of Carlsberg II (CIho 10114) (2).

nec1.a in Carlsberg II (Mutant no 10) (2, 3); sp,,b (GSHO 1284) in Parkland (CIho 10001) (1, 4); a mutant in Morex (CIho 15773) (6).

nec1.a in Carlsberg II (GSHO 989); nec1.a from R.I. Wolfe's Chromosome 5 Marker Stock in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 2052).

1. Fedak, G., T. Tsuchiya, and S.B. Helgason. 1972. Use of monotelotrisomics for linkage mapping in barley. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 14:949-957.
2. Jensen, J. 1971. Mapping of 10 mutant genes for necrotic spotting in barley by means of translocation. p. 213-219. In R.A. Nilan (ed.) Barley Genetics II. Proc. Second Int. Barley Genet. Symp., Pullman, WA, 1969. Washington State Univ. Press, Pullman.
3. Jensen, J. 1992. Coordinator's report: Chromosome 5. BGN 21:89-92.
4. Jensen, J., and J.H. Jørgensen. 1973. Locating some genes on barley chromosome 5. BGN 3:25-27.
5. Nielsen, G., H. Johansen, and J. Jensen. 1983. Localization on barley chromosome 5 of the locus Pgd2 coding for phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. BGN 13:57-59.
6. Ramage, T., and J.L.A. Eckhoff. 1985. Assignment of mutants in Morex to chromosomes. BGN 15:22-25.

J. Jensen. 1981. BGN 11:101.

J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:220.

Stock number: BGS 223
Locus name: Zebra stripe 3
Locus symbol: zeb3

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Zoned leaf c = zb_c (1, 3, 4, 5, 8).
Zebra stripe c = zb_c (5, 6).
Zoned leaf c2 = zb_c2 (1, 3, 4).
Zebra stripe c2 = zb_c2 (5).
Zebra stripe 3 = zb3 (6).

Monofactorial incomplete dominant (1, 7, 8).
Located in chromosome 1HL [5L] (1, 3).

Early leaves of homozygous plants have bright yellow bands across a light yellow background when grown under alternating temperatures, warm day and cool night (1). Later leaves have patches of bright yellow. Cool temperatures enhance the yellow banding while warm temperatures increase green pigments. Under very cold conditions, leaves become yellowish white and deteriorate. Heterozygotes have slightly pale green color compared to normal plants (1). The zeb3.c gene must be maintained as a heterozygous stock.

A spontaneous mutant from the collection of genetic stocks maintained by Woodward (1, 4).

zeb3.c in an unknown cultivar (Utah 41, Alb Acc 43) (1, 2, 4).

zeb3.c in Utah 41 (GSHO 1451); zeb3.c in Bowman (PI 483237)*3 (GSHO 2057).

1. Furst, E., and T. Tsuchiya. 1983. Primary trisomic analysis of three mutant genes in barley. BGN 13:44-46.
2. Kasha, K.J., and G.W. Walker. 1960. Several recent barley mutants and their linkages. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 2:397-415.
3. Shahla, A., and T. Tsuchiya. 1984. Additional information on the association of zb_c2 for zoned leaf with chromosome 5. BGN 14:10-11.
4. Tsuchiya, T. 1975. Allelic relationships of some morphological and chlorophyll mutants in barley. BGN 5:64-67.
5. Tsuchiya, T. 1983. Proposed new gene symbol for two different mutant types for zebra Colorado, or zoned leaf. BGN 13:84.
6. Tsuchiya, T. 1984. Zebra striped leaves: Problems in gene and stock designation and proposed new symbols for zoned or zebra mutants in barley. BGN 14:21-24.
7. Tsuchiya, T., and R. Baldivia. 1981. Primary trisomic analysis of an incomplete dominant zebra mutant, zb_c, in barley. BGN 11:63-64.
8. Woodward, R.W. 1957. Linkages in barley. Agron. J. 49:28-32.

T. Tsuchiya and A. Shahla. 1984. BGN 14:94 as BGS 223, Zoned leaf 3 or zebra striped leaf 3.

J.D. Franckowiak and A. Hang. 1997. BGN 26:221.

Stock number: BGS 224
Locus name: Erectoides-b
Locus symbol: ert-b

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Erectoides-2 = ert-2 (1, 3).

Monofactorial recessive (1, 2).
Located in chromosome 1HL [5L] (7, 8, 9, 10, 11), slightly distal from the cer-e (eceriferum-e) locus (4, 11, 12), and about 19.3 cM proximal from the nec1 (necrotic leaf spot 1) locus (5).

Spikes have a compact appearance caused by a reduction in rachis internode length, with rachis internode length values from 1.9 to 2.3 mm. Culms are shorter than those of parental cultivars (10). GA₃ treatment of plants as the flag leaf emerges decreases spike density (13). Plants of the Bowman backcross-derived lines have relatively short peduncles and are about 3/4 normal height.

An X-ray induced mutant in Gull (CIho 1145, GSHO 466) (1, 2, 3).

ert-b.2, -b.4, -b.5, -b.9 in Gull (2); ert-b.128, -b.151 in Bonus (PI 189763) (10); ert-b.174 in Bonus, -b.333 in Foma (CIho 11333) (6); ert-b.354, -b.394 in Foma (10).

ert-b.2 in Gull (GSHO 470); ert-b.2 in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 2049).

1. Gustafsson, Å. 1947. Mutations in agricultural plants. Hereditas 33:1-100.
2. Hagberg, A., Å. Gustafsson, and L. Ehrenberg. 1958. Sparsely contra densely ionizing radiations and the origin of erectoid mutants in barley. Hereditas 44:523-530.
3. Hagberg, A., N. Nybom, and Å. Gustafsson. 1952. Allelism of erectoides mutations in barley. Hereditas 38:510-512.
4. Jensen, J. 1974. Coordinator's report: Chromosome 5. BGN 4:102-106.
5. Jensen. J. 1981. Location of the high-lysine locus Lys4d on barley chromosome 5. BGN 11:45-47.
6. Lundqvist, U. (unpublished).
7. Persson, G. 1969. An attempt to find suitable genetic markers for the dense ear loci in barley I. Hereditas 62:25-96.
8. Persson, G. 1969. An attempt to find suitable genetic markers for the dense ear loci in barley II. Hereditas 63:1-28.
9. Persson, G., and A. Hagberg. 1965. Localization of nine induced mutations in the barley chromosomes. Barley Newsl. 8:52-54.
10. Persson, G., and A. Hagberg. 1969. Induced variation in a quantitative character in barley. Morphology and cytogenetics of erectoides mutants. Hereditas 61:115-178.
11. Søgaard, B. 1971. Linkage studies on eceriferum mutants in barley. BGN 1:41-47.
12. Søgaard, B. 1973. Continued linkage studies on eceriferum mutants in barley. BGN 3:57-61.
13. Stoy, V., and A. Hagberg. 1967. Effects of growth regulators on ear density mutants in barley. Hereditas 58:359-384.

U. Lundqvist and J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:222.

Stock number: BGS 225
Locus name: Curled leaf dwarf
Locus symbol: clh

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

None.

Monofactorial recessive (2).
Located in chromosome 1HL [5L] (1, 2), about 7.0 cM from the msg1 (male sterile genetic 1) locus (2).

Leaf blades are erect, narrow and folded inward and appear thicker than normal. Plants show reduced vigor, fertility, and height (3/4 normal height) when grown in the greenhouse; further reduction in vigor and fertility is observed when mutants are grown in the field. Spikes emerge poorly from the boot.

A neutron induced mutant in Hannchen (PI 10585) (2).

clh1.a in Hannchen (2).

clh1.a in Hannchen (GSHO 1212); clh1.a in Bowman (PI 483237)*2 (GSHO 2051).

1. Kasha, K.J. 1977. Coordinator's report: Chromosome 6. BGN 7:89-90.
2. Ramage, R.T. 1962. Genetic and cytogenetic studies of barley. Barley Newsl. 6:67.

J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:223.

Stock number: BGS 226
Locus name: Revoluted leaf
Locus symbol: rvl

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

None.

Monofactorial recessive (1).
Located in chromosome 1HL [5L], proximal from the trd (third outer glume) locus, and distal from the abo1 (albino seedling 1) locus (1).

Tips of young leaves tend to roll into a tube through a counter-clockwise spiral, compared to flat surfaces of the control. Segregates can be scored from the three-leaf stage until near maturity (1).

An X-ray induced mutant in Hakata 2 (OUJ807, PI 263407) (1).

rvl1.a in Hakata 2 (Kmut 103) (1, 2).

rvl1.a in Hakata 2 (GSHO 608).

1. Fedak, G., T. Tsuchiya, and S.B. Helgason. 1972. Use of monotelotrisomics for linkage mapping in barley. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 14:949-957.
2. Tsuchiya, T., and R.L. Haines. 1975. Trisomic analysis of nine mutant genes in barley. BGN 5:67-69.

J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:224.

Stock number: BGS 227
Locus name: Small lateral spikelet
Locus symbol: sls

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

None.

Monofactorial recessive (1).
Located in chromosome 1HS [5S], closely linked to the msg1 (male sterile genetic 1) locus (1).

Sterile lateral spikelets become progressively smaller toward the tip of two-rowed spikes in plants, which express the Vrs1.b and int-c.b alleles at the six-rowed spike 1 and intermedium spike-c loci, respectively. The terminal rachis nodes generally have rudimentary lateral spikelets. Expression of the sls is affected by genetic background, but often is stronger in late tillers. The trait can be observed only in some two-rowed segregates from crosses between six- and two-rowed cultivars. The sls phenotype can be observed in plants of the Bowman backcross-derived line for the msg1.ca gene. Two-rowed segregates in the Harrington/Morex doubled haploid population show the typical range of expressions associated various combinations of sls and int-c alleles.

Natural occurrence in six-rowed cultivars derived from Manchurian introductions, but it can not be observed visually in six-rowed barley cultivars.

sls1.a in MSS005 (msg1.ca in Betzes*11, GSHO 1810), sls1.a in Morex (CIho 15773).

sls1.a in Morex (GSHO 2492); sls1.a from MSS005 in Bowman (PI 483237)*8 (GSHO 2034).

1. Franckowiak, J.D. 1995. Notes on linkage drag in Bowman backcross derived lines of spring barley. BGN 24:63-70.

J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:225.

Stock number: BGS 228
Locus name: Subcrown internode length
Locus symbol: Sil

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

None.

Monofactorial incomplete dominant (1).
Located in chromosome 1HS [5S], based on linkage drag with the sls (small lateral spikelet) locus (2).

Plants have relatively short subcrown internodes, 0.0 to 1.0 cm, when planted 9 cm deep in vermiculite. Planting depth and subcrown internode length determine the position of the crown in relation to the soil surface (1). Plants with a deeper crown placement show higher levels of winter survival (3). In the Bowman backcross-derived line, the Sil gene has a dominant inheritance pattern and shows a repulsion linkage with the sls gene.

Natural occurrence in NE 62203 (CIho 15542), a selection of unknown origin (1).

Sil1.a in NE 62203 (1).

Sil1.a in NE 62203 (GSHO 1604); Sil1.a in Bowman (PI 483237)*5 (GSHO 2032).

1. Dofing, S.M., and J.W. Schmidt. 1984. Inheritance of subcrown internode length in a winter barley cross. Crop Sci. 24:692-694.
2. Franckowiak, J.D. 1995. Notes on linkage drag in Bowman backcross derived lines of spring barley. BGN 24:63-70.
3. Kail, R.M., B.J. Kalp, and K.E. Bohenenblust. 1972. Influence of temperature on crown depth development of winter barley. Crop Sci. 12:872-874.

J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:226.

Stock number: BGS 229
Locus name: Curly dwarf 2
Locus symbol: cud2

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

None.

Monofactorial recessive (1).
Located in chromosome 1HL [5L] (1), about 14.6 cM proximal from the Blp (black lemma and pericarp) locus (1, 2).

Lemmas and awns are curly or strongly twisted, and stem internodes are curved. Culms are short (1/2 normal), spikes are semi-compact, awns are short (2/3 normal length), and kernels are globe-shaped. Most leaves are short and slightly twisted (1).

An ethyl methanesulfonate induced mutant in Akashinriki (OUJ659, PI 467400) (1).

cud2.b in Akashinriki (OUM112) (1).

cud2.b in Akashinriki (GSHO 1712); cud2.b in Bowman (PI 483237)*2 (GSHO 2062).

1. Hayashi, J., T. Konishi, I. Moriya, and R. Takahashi. 1984. Inheritance and linkage studies in barley VI. Ten mutant genes located on chromosomes 1 to 7, except 3. Ber. Ohara Inst. landw. Biol., Okayama Univ. 18:227-250.
2. Jensen, J. 1986. Coordinator's report: Chromosome 5. BGN 16:32-34.

T. Konishi and J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:227.

Stock number: BGS 230
Locus name: Globosum-e
Locus symbol: glo-e

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

None.

Monofactorial recessive (1).
Located in chromosome 1HL [5L] (1).

Plants appear normal, but kernels are larger and more rounded than those of normal sibs.

A neutron induced mutant in Foma (CIho 11333) (2).

glo-e.15 (glo-e.1010) in Foma (1, 2).

glo-e.15 in Foma (GSHO 1755); glo-e.15 in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 2050).

1. Häuser, H., and G. Fischbeck. 1980. Genetic analysis of induced mutations. BGN 10:30-31.
2. Lundqvist, U. (unpublished).

J.D. Franckowiak and U. Lundqvist. 1997. BGN 26:228.

Stock number: BGS 231
Locus name: Curly 5
Locus symbol: cur5

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Curly 5 = cu5 (2).

Monofactorial recessive (1, 2).
Located in chromosome 1HS [5S], based on linkage drag with the sls (small lateral spikelet) locus (3).

Leaves are short and partially coiled, and awns are slightly coiled. Plants are semidwarf (2/3 normal height), have relatively short spikes, and are relatively weak (1, 2).

A sodium azide induced mutant in Glenn (CIho 15769) (1).

cur5.h in Glenn (1, 2).

cur5.h in Glenn (GSHO 1710); cur5.h in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 2045).

1. Faue, A.C. 1987. Chemical mutagenesis as a breeding tool for barley. M.S. Thesis. North Dakota State Univ., Fargo.
2. Franckowiak, J.D. 1992. Allelism tests among selected semidwarf barleys. BGN 21:17-23.
3. Franckowiak, J.D. 1995. Notes on linkage drag in Bowman backcross derived lines of spring barley. BGN 24:63-70.

J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:229.

Stock number: BGS 232
Locus name: High lysine 4
Locus symbol: Lys4

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Shrunken endosperm xenia 5 = sex5g (6).

Monofactorial incomplete dominant (1, 3).
Located in chromosome 1HS [5S] (3, 4, 6), over 35.1 cM distal from the ert-b (erectoides-b) locus (4).

At the hard dough stage, kernels homozygous for the Lys4.d gene develop a depression near the center of the lemma, which becomes progressively more distinct as the kernels mature. Grain produced by mutant plants has a 9% increase in lysine content (1, 2). Shrunken endosperm has a pleiotropic association with the high lysine gene Lys4.d (3). Kernels heterozygous at the Lys4 locus may develop a slightly less distinct depression on the dorsal side (3). Maintenance of Lys4.d stocks may be difficult because outcrosses are not recognized easily.

An ethyl methanesulfonate induced mutant in Bomi (PI 43371) (2).

Lys4.d in Bomi (Risø 8) (1, 2, 5).

Lys4.d in Bomi (GSHO 2475).

1. Doll, H. 1976. Genetic studies of high lysine barley mutants. p. 542-546. In H. Gaul (ed.) Barley Genetics III. Proc. Third Int. Barley Genet. Symp., Garching, 1975. Verlag Karl Thiemig, München.
2. Doll, H., B. Køie, and P.O. Eggum. 1974. Induced high-lysine mutants in barley. Radiat. Bot. 14:73-80.
3. Jensen, J. 1979. Chromosomal location of one dominant and four recessive high-lysine genes in barley mutants. Vol. 1. p. 89-96. In Seed Protein Improvement in Cereals and Grain Legumes. Proc. Int. Symp., Neuherberg, Germany, 1978. Int. Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.
4. Jensen, J. 1981. Location of the high-lysine locus Lys4d on barley chromosome 5. BGN 11:45-47.
5. Jensen, J., and H. Doll. 1979. Gene symbols for barley high-lysine mutants. BGN 9:33-37.
6. Ullrich, S.E., and R.F. Eslick. 1978. Chromosome location evidence for Risø induced high lysine shrunken endosperm mutants of barley. BGN 8:114-125.

J.D. Franckowiak and U. Lundqvist. 1997. BGN 26:230.

Stock number: BGS 233
Locus name: Xantha seedling 7
Locus symbol: xnt7

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Xantha seedling 66 = x₆₆ (1).
Albino seedling a = alb,,a (1).
Xantha seedling g = xan,,g (2).

Monofactorial recessive (1, 2).
Located in chromosome 1HL [5L], about 2.0 cM from the msg1 (male sterile genetic 1) locus (2).

Seedlings have a yellow color and die at the two to three leaf stage (1). The xnt7.g gene must be maintained as a heterozygous stock.

A spontaneous mutant in Erbet (CIho 13826) (1).

xnt7.g in Erbet (1).

xnt7.g in Erbet (GSHO 581).

1. Rahman, M.M. 1973. Balanced male sterile-lethals systems for hybrid barley production. Ph.D. Thesis. Montana State Univ., Bozeman.
2. Rahman, M.M., and R.F. Eslick. 1976. Linkage of spontaneous mutant seedling lethal genes with genetic male sterile genes. BGN 6:53-58.

J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:231.