IcanCompute
Class Impact

java.lang.Object
  IcanCompute.Impact

public class Impact
extends java.lang.Object

Computes the effects of the impact of a spherical projectile on a laminate. Implements: "Approximate Micromechanics Treatise of Composite Impact". Also see my analysis.

Since:

1.0;

Version:

1.1.14;
Updated by Louis Handler on Dec 19, 2006, 10:38 EST (1.1.14).
Updated by Louis Handler on Jan 25, 2006, 08:44 EST (1.1.8).
Updated by Louis Handler on Oct 21, 2004, 08:37 EDT (1.0.8).
Updated by Louis Handler on Apr 26, 2004, 15:31 EDT (1.0.6).
Updated by Louis Handler on Apr 15, 2004, 08:06 EDT.
Updated by Louis Handler on Apr 14, 2004, 14:02 EDT.
Updated by Louis Handler on Apr 14, 2004, 09:53 EDT.
Updated by Louis Handler on Apr 14, 2004, 09:24 EDT.
Updated by Louis Handler on Apr 13, 2004, 15:39 EDT.
Updated by Louis Handler on Apr 13, 2004, 15:38 EDT.
Updated by Louis Handler on Apr 13, 2004, 15:35 EDT.
Updated by Louis Handler on Apr 13, 2004, 15:23 EDT.
Updated by Louis Handler on Apr 13, 2004, 14:49 EDT.
Updated by Louis Handler on Sep 17, 2003, 15:50 EDT.
Updated by Louis Handler on Sep 8, 2003, 08:08 EDT.
Updated by Louis Handler on Dec 6, 2002, 15:56 EST.
Updated by Louis Handler on Dec 6, 2002, 10:05 EST.
Updated by Louis Handler on Oct 17, 2002, 10:14 EDT.
Updated by Louis Handler on Dec 18, 2000, 09:40 EST.
Updated by Louis Handler on Oct 3, 2000, 11:51 EDT.
Updated by Louis Handler on Aug 16, 2000, 14:26 EDT.
Updated by Louis Handler on Mar 28, 2000, 10:49 EST.
Updated by Louis Handler on Mar 9, 2000, 09:09 EST.
Updated by Louis Handler on Feb 25, 2000, 14:17 EST.
Updated by Louis Handler on Feb 25, 2000, 13:51 EST.
Updated by Louis Handler on Oct 13, 1999, 14:11 EDT.
Updated by Louis Handler on Aug 11, 1998, 09:03 EDT.
Updated by Louis Handler on Jun 23, 1998, 12:23:19 EDT.

Author:

Louis Handler

Field Summary

private static ComputeIcanLayer[]	cil A reference to an array of Layer/Slice/Ply data is set/used.
private static boolean	debug Reset to true to get extra print for debugging when executing as an application using main method below.
private static double	DTOR The conversion factor to convert degrees to radians.
private static double	Ec33 Transverse modulus.
private static double	epsZero Small number used to test the relative difference between two numbers.
private static java.lang.String	eventContact Named event for Contact output at time = 0 and z = -Rp.
private static java.lang.String	eventCrushing Named event for Crushing output at end of crushing because projectile either stops or starts pushing out material as a plug.
private static java.lang.String	eventDelamination Named event for Suspected Delamination output.
private static java.lang.String	eventDelaminationBS Named event for Delamination based on bending strength output.
private static java.lang.String	eventDelaminationIS Named event for Delamination based on interply strength output.
private static java.lang.String	eventFiberBreak Named event for Longitudinal fiber breakage based on bending strength output.
private static java.lang.String	eventHeader Header for event data: event, time, location, force(s), energy, r, x.
private static java.lang.String	eventIndentation Named event for Indentation output at z = 0.
private static java.lang.String	eventNothing Named event for other output.
private static java.lang.String	eventSliding Named event for Sliding output at end of projectile pushing out material as a plug.
private static java.lang.String	eventSlidingStart Named event for Sliding Start output at place where Fc = Fp, material breaks, and projectile starts pushing out material as a plug.
private static java.lang.String	eventSpallation Named event for Spallation output.
private static java.lang.String	eventTranSplit Named event for Transverse splitting based on interply strength output.
private static java.lang.String	forceSpacer Spacer for no pushing force or no crushing force.
private static double	Gcxy Shear modulus.
private static double	Gczx Shear modulus.
private static double	Gczy Shear modulus.
private static double	HALF The number one half.
private static int	iE33 E33 = Normal Moduli.
private static int	iS11F Sc11F = Flexural strength.
private static int	iS22F Sc22F = Flexural strength.
private static int	iS33C Sc33C = Compressive strength.
private static int	iS33T Sc33T = Tensile strength.
private static int	iSRZF ScrzsF = Flexural strength.
private static int	iSRZS Scrzs = Shear strength.
private static int	iSZX Sczx = Shear strength.
private static int	iSZY Sczy = Shear strength.
private static int	iVRZ nuvRZ = Poisson's ratio.
private static int	kEnergy Subscript for Impact output data: Energy.
private static int	kForce Subscript for Impact output data: Force.
private static int	kLocz Subscript for Impact output data: Location (z).
private static int	kSpeed Subscript for Impact output data: Velocity.
private static int	kStress Subscript for Impact output data: Stress (Z).
private static int	kTime Subscript for Impact output data: Time.
private static int	lineCount Number of lines printed on the page so far.
private static int	MAX_ERRORS_PRINTED Maximum number of errors displayed of a single type.
private static int	maxLineCount Maximum number of lines per page.
private static int	nImpactVariables Number of subscripts for Impact output data.
private static int	nLayr Number of layers/slices/plies.
private static int	nPrintErrorStrength Number of errors computing strength.
private static double	nuvM Poisson's ratio.
private static double	ONE The number one.
private static double	PI The number pi.
private static boolean	printFull Full or summary print switch.
private static double	rhoc Composite average material density.
private static double	Sc11F Flexural strength.
private static double	Sc22F Flexural strength.
private static double	Sc33C Shear strength.
private static double	Sc33T Tensile strength.
private static double	Scrzs Shear strength.
private static double	ScrzsF Flexural strength.
private static double	Sczx Shear strength.
private static double	Sczy Shear strength.
private static double	thick Composite thickness.
private static double	TWO The number two.
private static double[]	zEdge Array of z locations for edges of Layer/Slice/Ply.

Constructor Summary

Impact()

Method Summary

private static void	bumpLines() Increment line count and, if necessary, add form-feed.
private static void	bumpLines(int nl) Increment line count and, if necessary, add form-feed.
private static void	bumpLinesWithHeader() Increment line count and, if necessary, add form-feed and header.
private static double	computeBreakingForce(double z, double Dp) Compute breaking force using equation Fzp = PI * Dp * (thickness - z) * SRZS.
private static double	computeCrushingForce(double z, double Rp) Compute crushing force using equation Fz = Azc * S33C; where Azc is the cross-sectional area to be crushed.
static java.lang.String	getName() Get class name.
private static double	getStoppingPoint(double dz, double zLst, double Fz, double FzLst, double Ez, double EzLst) Get stopping point where the velocity and residual energy goes to zero, assuming that the force, Fz, is linear with z.
static double	getVar(int iwh, int iLayr) Get Strength variable.
static double[][]	impact(double rhoP, double Dp, double frictionC, double vo, ComputeIcanLayer[] inCil, double inRhoc, double inThick, double inGczx, double inGczy, double inGcxy, double inEc33, double[] outSlidingZ, boolean inPrintFull) Approximate Micromechanics equations for Composite Impact.
static double[][]	impact(double rhoP, double Dp, double frictionC, double vo, double[] outSlidingZ) Approximate Micromechanics equations for Composite Impact.
static void	main(java.lang.String[] args) Main for testing.
static void	reset() Reinitialize first time switch so it prints a limited number of equivalent error messages.
static void	setVar(double inRhoc, double inThick, double inGczx, double inGczy, double inGcxy, double inSczx, double inSczy, double inSc33C, double inEc33, double inSc33T, double inSc22F, double inSc11F, double inScrzs, double inScrzsF, double innuvM) Set variables for Impact computation.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Field Detail

cil

private static ComputeIcanLayer[] cil

A reference to an array of Layer/Slice/Ply data is set/used.

zEdge

private static double[] zEdge

Array of z locations for edges of Layer/Slice/Ply.

nLayr

private static int nLayr

Number of layers/slices/plies.

rhoc

private static double rhoc

Composite average material density.

thick

private static double thick

Composite thickness.

Gczx

private static double Gczx

Shear modulus.

Gczy

private static double Gczy

Shear modulus.

Gcxy

private static double Gcxy

Shear modulus.

Sczx

private static double Sczx

Shear strength.

Sczy

private static double Sczy

Shear strength.

Sc33C

private static double Sc33C

Shear strength.

Ec33

private static double Ec33

Transverse modulus.

Sc33T

private static double Sc33T

Tensile strength.

Sc22F

private static double Sc22F

Flexural strength.

Sc11F

private static double Sc11F

Flexural strength.

Scrzs

private static double Scrzs

Shear strength.

ScrzsF

private static double ScrzsF

Flexural strength.

nuvM

private static double nuvM

Poisson's ratio.

printFull

private static boolean printFull

Full or summary print switch. True, if print intermediate data as well as summary data; false, if print summary data only.

debug

private static boolean debug

Reset to true to get extra print for debugging when executing as an application using main method below.

iSZX

private static final int iSZX

Sczx = Shear strength.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

iSZY

private static final int iSZY

Sczy = Shear strength.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

iS33T

private static final int iS33T

Sc33T = Tensile strength.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

iS33C

private static final int iS33C

Sc33C = Compressive strength.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

iS22F

private static final int iS22F

Sc22F = Flexural strength.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

iS11F

private static final int iS11F

Sc11F = Flexural strength.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

iSRZS

private static final int iSRZS

Scrzs = Shear strength.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

iSRZF

private static final int iSRZF

ScrzsF = Flexural strength.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

iE33

private static final int iE33

E33 = Normal Moduli.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

iVRZ

private static final int iVRZ

nuvRZ = Poisson's ratio.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

ONE

private static final double ONE

The number one.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

TWO

private static final double TWO

The number two.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

HALF

private static final double HALF

The number one half.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

PI

private static final double PI

The number pi.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

DTOR

private static final double DTOR

The conversion factor to convert degrees to radians.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

epsZero

private static final double epsZero

Small number used to test the relative difference between two numbers. If the relative difference between two numbers is less than this constant, the numbers are considered to be the same, differing only by round-off.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

eventHeader

private static final java.lang.String eventHeader

Header for event data: event, time, location, force(s), energy, r, x.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

maxLineCount

private static final int maxLineCount

Maximum number of lines per page.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

lineCount

private static int lineCount

Number of lines printed on the page so far. Incremented before printing so a header may be added if needed.

eventContact

private static final java.lang.String eventContact

Named event for Contact output at time = 0 and z = -Rp.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

eventIndentation

private static final java.lang.String eventIndentation

Named event for Indentation output at z = 0.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

eventCrushing

private static final java.lang.String eventCrushing

Named event for Crushing output at end of crushing because projectile either stops or starts pushing out material as a plug.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

eventSlidingStart

private static final java.lang.String eventSlidingStart

Named event for Sliding Start output at place where Fc = Fp, material breaks, and projectile starts pushing out material as a plug.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

eventSliding

private static final java.lang.String eventSliding

Named event for Sliding output at end of projectile pushing out material as a plug.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

eventNothing

private static final java.lang.String eventNothing

Named event for other output.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

eventDelamination

private static final java.lang.String eventDelamination

Named event for Suspected Delamination output.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

eventDelaminationIS

private static final java.lang.String eventDelaminationIS

Named event for Delamination based on interply strength output.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

eventDelaminationBS

private static final java.lang.String eventDelaminationBS

Named event for Delamination based on bending strength output.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

eventSpallation

private static final java.lang.String eventSpallation

Named event for Spallation output.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

eventTranSplit

private static final java.lang.String eventTranSplit

Named event for Transverse splitting based on interply strength output.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

eventFiberBreak

private static final java.lang.String eventFiberBreak

Named event for Longitudinal fiber breakage based on bending strength output.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

forceSpacer

private static final java.lang.String forceSpacer

Spacer for no pushing force or no crushing force.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

kTime

private static final int kTime

Subscript for Impact output data: Time. Impact output data is used for plotting.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

kLocz

private static final int kLocz

Subscript for Impact output data: Location (z). Impact output data is used for plotting.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

kForce

private static final int kForce

Subscript for Impact output data: Force. Impact output data is used for plotting.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

kEnergy

private static final int kEnergy

Subscript for Impact output data: Energy. Impact output data is used for plotting.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

kSpeed

private static final int kSpeed

Subscript for Impact output data: Velocity. Impact output data is used for plotting.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

kStress

private static final int kStress

Subscript for Impact output data: Stress (Z). Impact output data is used for plotting.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

nImpactVariables

private static final int nImpactVariables

Number of subscripts for Impact output data. Impact output data is used for plotting.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

nPrintErrorStrength

private static int nPrintErrorStrength

Number of errors computing strength. Used to limit number of errors displayed of this type.

See Also:

MAX_ERRORS_PRINTED

MAX_ERRORS_PRINTED

private static final int MAX_ERRORS_PRINTED

Maximum number of errors displayed of a single type.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

Constructor Detail

Impact

public Impact()

Method Detail

impact

public static double[][] impact(double rhoP,
                                double Dp,
                                double frictionC,
                                double vo,
                                ComputeIcanLayer[] inCil,
                                double inRhoc,
                                double inThick,
                                double inGczx,
                                double inGczy,
                                double inGcxy,
                                double inEc33,
                                double[] outSlidingZ,
                                boolean inPrintFull)
                         throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

Approximate Micromechanics equations for Composite Impact.

Parameters:

rhoP - Projectile density.

Dp - Projectile diameter.

frictionC - Coefficient of sliding friction of cylindrical plug and hole.

vo - Projectile initial velocity.

inCil - A reference to an array of Layer/Slice/Ply ComputeIcanLayer data.

inRhoc - Composite material density.

inThick - Composite thickness.

inGczx - Shear modulus.

inGczy - Shear modulus.

inGcxy - Shear modulus.

inEc33 - Transverse modulus.

inPrintFull - True, if print intermediate data as well as summary data; false, if print summary data only.

Returns:

Impact data[nImpactVariables][nDataPoints].

Throws:

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - Invalid input data.

impact

public static double[][] impact(double rhoP,
                                double Dp,
                                double frictionC,
                                double vo,
                                double[] outSlidingZ)
                         throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

Approximate Micromechanics equations for Composite Impact. These equations are described in my analysis.

Parameters:

rhoP - Projectile density.

Dp - Projectile diameter.

frictionC - Coefficient of sliding friction of cylindrical plug and hole.

vo - Projectile initial velocity.

Returns:

Impact data[nImpactVariables][nDataPoints].

Throws:

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - Invalid input data.

bumpLinesWithHeader

private static void bumpLinesWithHeader()

Increment line count and, if necessary, add form-feed and header.

bumpLines

private static void bumpLines()

Increment line count and, if necessary, add form-feed.

bumpLines

private static void bumpLines(int nl)

Increment line count and, if necessary, add form-feed.

Parameters:

nl - number of lines to add for this output.

setVar

public static void setVar(double inRhoc,
                          double inThick,
                          double inGczx,
                          double inGczy,
                          double inGcxy,
                          double inSczx,
                          double inSczy,
                          double inSc33C,
                          double inEc33,
                          double inSc33T,
                          double inSc22F,
                          double inSc11F,
                          double inScrzs,
                          double inScrzsF,
                          double innuvM)

Set variables for Impact computation.

Parameters:

inRhoc - Composite material density.

inThick - Composite thickness.

inGczx - Shear modulus.

inGczy - Shear modulus.

inGcxy - Shear modulus.

inSczx - Shear strength.

inSczy - Shear strength.

inSc33C - Shear strength.

inEc33 - Transverse modulus.

inSc33T - Tensile strength.

inSc22F - Flexural strength.

inSc11F - Flexural strength.

inScrzs - Shear strength.

inScrzsF - Flexural strength.

innuvM - Poisson's ratio.

computeCrushingForce

private static double computeCrushingForce(double z,
                                           double Rp)

Compute crushing force using equation Fz = Azc * S33C; where Azc is the cross-sectional area to be crushed. For greater detail, see: A6.

Parameters:

z - Location in the Z direction of the center of the projectile from the outer surface of the first layer of the laminate.

Rp - Projectile radius.

Returns:

Crushing force.

computeBreakingForce

private static double computeBreakingForce(double z,
                                           double Dp)

Compute breaking force using equation Fzp = PI * Dp * (thickness - z) * SRZS. For greater detail, see: A8.

Parameters:

z - Location in the Z direction of the center of the projectile from the outer surface of the first layer of the laminate.

Dp - Projectile diameter.

Returns:

Breaking force.

getStoppingPoint

private static double getStoppingPoint(double dz,
                                       double zLst,
                                       double Fz,
                                       double FzLst,
                                       double Ez,
                                       double EzLst)

Get stopping point where the velocity and residual energy goes to zero, assuming that the force, Fz, is linear with z. The linear function for force is determined by the two points (zLst,FzLst) and (zLst+dz,Fz). See equation A19 and following. z = zLst + dz;

Parameters:

dz - Increment between z and zLst. The z value is (zLst + dz) at which Fz and Ez are computed. Ez is computed to be less than or equal to zero.

zLst - Previous z value.

Fz - Force at z.

FzLst - Force at zLst.

Ez - Residual energy at z. This value is computed to be less than or equal to zero.

EzLst - Residual energy at zLst.

Returns:

Z value at stopping point between zLst and zLst + dz.

getVar

public static double getVar(int iwh,
                            int iLayr)

Get Strength variable.

Parameters:

iwh - Strength value selected.

iLayr - Layer/Slice/Ply subscript.

Returns:

Desired strength value.

main

public static void main(java.lang.String[] args)

Main for testing.

Parameters:

args - Command line arguments not used.

reset

public static void reset()

Reinitialize first time switch so it prints a limited number of equivalent error messages.

getName

public static java.lang.String getName()

Get class name.

Returns:

Class name.