Long-term Static Fertilizer Experiments in Skierniewice, Poland
Entry ID:
WAU.Static
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Summary
This experiment began in 1923 at a site that was in arable crops from the 18th century. The original ecosystem (before cropping) was a forest. The experiment consists of the following land use and treatments: Land use: Rotation 1 - arbitrary rotation without FYM, without legumes; Rotation 2 - 5-course rotation (potato+FYM,barley,red clover,winter ... wheat,rye); Rotation 3 - rye monoculture; Rotation 4 - vegetable crop rotation. Treatments: Ca (rotations 1,2,3); CaNPK (all rotations); NPK (rotations 1,2,3); CaPK (rotations 1,2,3); 20t FYM/year (rotations 3,4); 40t FYM/year (rotation 4); 60t FYM/year (rotation 4). The average climatic conditions at the experimental site are: Minimum annual temperature: 6 deg C Mean annual temperature: 7.7 deg C Maximum annual temperature: 9.7 deg C Minimum annual rainfall: 368.4 mm Mean annual rainfall: 518.9 mm Maximum annual rainfall: 765.9 mm The soil is described as a Hapludalf. The measurements made, methodology, and frequency are listed below: a) Vegetation measurements made and frequency Yield: Every year Total above-ground dry matter: Every year Carbon content of offtake: 8-10 years Nitrogen content of offtake: 4-5 years since 1963. 4-5 years since 1963: Ca,P,K,Mg + Mn,Zn,Cu occasionally. b) Soil sampling Details of soil sampling method: Each treatment is in 3-5 replications. Soil is sampled on each rep. separately; some samples are stored and analysed for each rep. separately. 15-20 cores from plough layerand 2-3 cores from deeper layers. Sampled using auger. Soil samples come from 30 sq m in centre of plot. Soil is separated into layers Details of measuring depths and soil layers: 0-25 cm every 6-10 years since 1957. 25-40,40-70 cm 3 times since 1957 c) Soil measurements made and frequency Total carbon: 3-4 times since 1957 Method of measuring total carbon: Total carbon was determined by Tiurin method (using K2Cr2O7 for oxidation of C org.) Biomass carbon: 1994 only Method of measuring biomass carbon: Microbial biomass using chloroform fumigation, method described by PC Brookes et al. Carbon measurements in other organic matter fractions: 2-3 times Method of measuring carbon in other organic matter fractions: Carbon fraction determined by Tiurin modification method, described in Kozakiewicz, A (1966) Soil Sci.Annual t. 16,113-130. Total nitrogen: 3-4 times since 1960 Method of measuring total nitrogen: Distillation of NH3 from soil after Kjeldahl digestion of soil organic matter with H2SO4 and K2OS4 + CuSO4 as a catalyst. Total mineral nitrogen: 3 times Method of measuring total mineral nitrogen: NO3- & NH4+ were extracted from soil with 0.05M K2SO4 or 0.02M CaCL2. NH4-N and NO3-N in the extract were measured by steam distillation with MgO using Devard's alloy for reducing NO3- to NH4+. Biomass nitrogen: 1994 only Method of measuring biomass nitrogen: Chloroform fumigation Nitrate nitrogen: 3 times Method of measuring total mineral nitrogen: NO3- & NH4+ were extracted from soil with 0.05M K2SO4 or 0.02M CaCL2. NH4-N and NO3-N in the extract were measured by steam distillation with MgO using Devard's alloy for reducing NO3- to NH4+. Biomass nitrogen: 1994 only Method of measuring biomass nitrogen: Chloroform fumigation Nitrate nitrogen: 3 times Method of measuring nitrate nitrogen: As for soil mineral N Ammonium nitrogen: 3 times Method of measuring ammonium nitrogen: As for soil mineral N Soil bulk density or weight: 1980,1994 Method of measuring soil bulk density or weight: Bulk density was determined in soil with undisturbed structure (in a 52 cu cm vessel) after harvest. Field water capacity, capillary water capacity and porosity were also determined. Other nutrients: Exchangeable K, Mg,Ca,Al and available P (Egner-Riehm met.),Mg (Schachlschabel met.). Mn,Zn,Cu,Fe extractable in 1M HCl. Also sorption capacity, pH and hydrolytic acidity. d) Details of the meteorological station Nearest meteorological station to the site: Skierniewice which is 0 km from the site at coordinates 20deg10min E, 51deg58min N. The meteorological station is automatic. e) Meteorological data available and frequency Rainfall: Every day Air temperature: Every 6 hours Soil temperature: Every 6 hours Wind speed: Every 6 hours Sun hours: Every day Relative humidity: Every day This information was compiled for the GCTE-SOMNET Database, Pete Smith, Pete Falloon, David Powlson, and Jo Smith. Soil Science Department, IACR-Rothamsted, UK.
Geographic Coverage
Spatial coordinates
N: 51.97 |
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S: 51.95 |
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E: 20.17 |
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W: 20.15 |
Min Depth: SURFACE
Max Depth: 70 CM
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Temporal Coverage
Location Keywords
Science Keywords
ISO Topic Category
Project
Quality
Details of the plots: Width of smallest plot is 3 m Length of smallest plot is 15 m Width of largest plot is 5 m Length of largest plot is 10 m Details of direction of cultivation: Plots 10x5 right angles; plots 15x3 parallel Details of replication and randomization: There are at least 3 replicates in the experiment. The experiment has a restricted randomized plot design. Systematic. Ca or 0 treatment on rotation 1. Ca treatment on rotations 2 and 3. Inside meteorological enclosure there are grasses not fertilized since 1921 (100 sq m) and ploughing plot (8 sq m).
Access Constraints
none
Ancillary Keywords
Data Set Progress
Data Center
Personnel
MERCIK
STANISLAW
Role:
TECHNICAL CONTACT
Phone:
Warsaw 49 71 97
Fax:
Warsaw 49 13 75
Contact Address:
Agricultural Chemistry Department,
Warsaw Agricultural University,
ul. Rakowiecka 26/30,
City:
WARSAW
Postal Code:
02-528
Country:
POLAND
TYLER
B.
STEVENS
Role:
DIF AUTHOR
Phone:
(301) 614-6898
Fax:
301-614-5268
Email:
Tyler.B.Stevens at nasa.gov
Contact Address:
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Global Change Master Directory
City:
Greenbelt
Province or State:
MD
Postal Code:
20771
Country:
USA
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Related URL
Link:
VIEW PROJECT HOME PAGE
Description:
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Publications/References
Gorski, M. and Kuszelewski, L. 1963. The effect of organic and humus composition in soil in the light of 38 years' tests at Skierniewice. Soil Science Annual, t. 13, 323-341. Kleszczycki, A. and Lakomiec, I. 1966. Effect of many years fertilizer treatment on the physico-chemical properties of humic acids. Soil Science Annual, t. 16, 171-190. ... Kleszczycki, A., Kozakiewicz, A. and Lakomiec, I. 1967. Effect of many years treatment with mineral fertilizers and farmyard manure on the organic soil matter in the light of 44 experimental years. Soil Science Annual, t. 17, 243-251. Klosowski, W. and Mercik, S. 1980. Influence of long-term application of farmyard manure, potassium fertilization and crop rotation on some physical and physico-chemical properties of soil. Soil Science Annual, t. 31, Nr. 2, 53-64. Kozakiewicz, A. 1966. A new conception of the composition of humus in some types of mineral soil in the light of results obtained with a modified I. Tiurin method part I. Soil Science Annual, t. 16, 113-130. Kusinska, A. 1993. The effect of the plant cultivation system on the contents of the organic matter in soil on the fraction composition of humus, on the structure of physical-chemical characteristics of humus acid. Treatises and Monograph, Warsaw Agricultural University, 1-17. Lakomiec, I. 1966. Effect of many years fertilizer treatment and the compositions of humus compounds in podzols. Soil Science Annual, t. 16, 131-156. Mercik, S. 1962. Effect of many years mineral and organic fertilization on soil content of nitrogen and organic substance. Soil Science Annual, t. 12, 281-300. Mercik, S. and Stepien, W. 1992. The balance of organic carbon under the long-term fertilizing experiment. Proceedings of the "organic fertilizers". Szczecin 1992, 12-19. Mercik, S., Nowosielski, O. and Paul, M. 1993. Effect of 35 and 70 years differentiated fertilization and crop rotation on nutrients content in soil at the long-term experiments. Scientific papers of the Agricultural University in Krakow. Nr. 278 part I, 85-96.
Creation and Review Dates
DIF Creation Date:
2000-01-03
Last DIF Revision Date:
2008-01-31
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