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1. A Telephony Revolution ................................................. 1 VoIP: Bridging the Gap Between Traditional and Network Telephony 2 Massive Change Requires Flexible Technology 3 Asterisk: The Hacker's PBX 5 Asterisk: The Professional's PBX 5 The Asterisk Community 6 The Business Case 8 This Book 9 2. Preparing a System for Asterisk ........................................ 11 Server Hardware Selection 13 Environment 21 Telephony Hardware 25 Types of Phones 29 Linux Considerations 34 Conclusion 34 3. Installing Asterisk .................................................... 37 What Packages Do I Need? 38 Obtaining the Source Code 40 Menuselect 42 Compiling Zaptel 43 Compiling libpri 47 Compiling Asterisk 48 Installing Additional Prompts 50 Common Compiling Issues 51 Loading Asterisk and Zaptel Quickly 54 Loading Zaptel Modules Without Scripts 55 Loading libpri Without Script 57 Starting Asterisk Without Scripts 57 Directories Used by Asterisk 59 AsteriskNOW'm 62 Conclusion 67 4. Initial Configuration of Asterisk ........................................ 69 What Do I Really Need? 70 Working with Interface Configuration Files 71 Setting Up the Dialplan for Some Test Calls 73 FXO and FXS Channels 73 Configuring an FXO Channel for a PSTN Connection 75 Configuring an FXS Channel for an Analog Telephone 79 Configuring SIP Telephones 81 Connecting to a SIP Service Provider 97 Connecting Two Asterisk Boxes Together via SIP 101 Configuring an IAX Softphone 106 Connecting to an IAX Service Provider 110 Connecting Two Asterisk Boxes Together via IAX 111 Using Templates in Your Configuration Files 115 Debugging 116 Conclusion 117 5. Dialplan Basics ...................................................... 119 Dialplan Syntax 119 A Simple Dialplan 124 Building an Interactive Dialplan 127 Conclusion 144 6. More Dialplan Concepts .............................................. 145 Expressions and Variable Manipulation 145 Dialplan Functions 148 Conditional Branching 149 Voicemail 153 Macros 157 Using the Asterisk Database (AstDB) 160 Handy Asterisk Features 163 Conclusion 165 7. Understanding Telephony ............................................ 167 Analog Telephony 167 Digital Telephony 170 The Digital Circuit-Switched Telephone Network 180 Packet-Switched Networks 184 Conclusion 184 8. Protocols for VolP ................. ................................... 185 The Need for VolP Protocols 186 VolP Protocols 187 Codecs 193 Quality of Service 197 Echo 200 Asterisk and VolP 202 VolP Security 204 Conclusion 206 9. The Asterisk Gateway Interface (AGI) .............................. 207 Fundamentals of AGI Communication 207 Writing AGI Scripts in Perl 210 Creating AGI Scripts in PHP 21.4 Writing AGI Scripts in Python 219 Debugging in AGI 223 Conclusion 225 10. Asterisk Manager Interface (AMI) and Adhearsion ..................... 227 The Manager Interface 227 The Flash Operator Panel 231 Asterisk Development with Adhearsion 2,31 11. The AsteriskGUI Framework ....................................... 245 Why a GUI for Asterisk? 245 What Is the GUI? 246 Architecture of the Asterisk GUI 248 Installing the Asterisk GUI 249 Developing for the Asterisk GUI 251 12. Relational Database Integration ............................... 263 Introduction 263 Installing the Database 263 Installing and Configuring ODBC 265 Using Realtime 268 Storing Call Detail Records 2,72 Getting Funky with func_odbc: Hot-Desking 274 ODBC Voicemail 286 Conclusion 291 13. Managing Your Asterisk System ...................................... 293 Call Detail Recording 293 Managing Logs 295 Running Asterisk As a Non-root User 295 Customizing System Prompts 298 Music on Hold 299 Conclusion 302 14. Potpourri ........................................................... 303 Festival 303 Call Files 306 DUNDi 307 Alternative Voicemail Storage Methods 312 Asterisk and Jabber (XMPP) 315 Conclusion 316 15. Asterisk: The Future of Telephony ................................... 317 The Problems with Traditional Telephony 317 Paradigm Shift 320 The Promise of Open Source Telephony 320 The Future of Asterisk 327 A. VolP Channels ...................................... ................ 337 B. Application Reference ................. ............................ 367 C. AGI Reference ................ .................... .................. 449 D. Configuration Files ................... ...................... ........ . 461 E. Asterisk Dialplan Functions .......................................... 493 F. Asterisk Manager Interface Actions ................................. 515 G. An Example of func_odbc ............................................. 551 Index ........................................ 557