| APPROACH:
Arabinoxylans, and a component(s) of soluble protein in recently developed barley cultivars have presented maltsters and brewers with some processing problems. Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) of barley, however, is currently the most significant problem facing regional barley production and utilization. Arabinoxylans will be isolated from beers and malts which display filtration problems. Structure, as determined by methylation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, will be related to filtration and rheological properties. The effects of genotype/environment and processing conditions on total soluble protein, amino acids, and high molecular weight foam proteins will be determined. The mechanisms by which FHB impacts barley and malt quality are to be determined. Mechanism to be evaluated include proteolytic and amylolytic enzymes, mycotoxins and fungal hormones. Efforts to control Fusarium growth and mycotoxin production during malting are also to be evaluated. The
quality of the regional barley crop is to be assessed on through an annual survey. Approximately 600-800 samples, collected throughout the region during harvest, are submitted for standard grain quality tests.
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CRIS NUMBER: 0177786
SUBFILE: CRIS
PROJECT NUMBER: ND01900
SPONSOR AGENCY: CSREES
PROJECT TYPE: HATCH
PROJECT STATUS: TERMINATED
MULTI-STATE PROJECT NUMBER: (N/A)
START DATE: Jan 1, 1998
TERMINATION DATE: Sep 30, 2004
GRANT PROGRAM: (N/A)
GRANT PROGRAM AREA: (N/A)
CLASSIFICATION
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| 204 | 1550 | 1000 | 2.2 | 60% |
| 712 | 1550 | 1000 | 4.1 | 40% |
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CLASSIFICATION HEADINGS
KA204 - Plant Product Quality and Utility (Preharvest)
KA712 - Protect Food from Contamination by Pathogenic Microorganisms, Parasites, and Naturally Occurring Toxins
S1550 - Barley
F1000 - Biochemistry and biophysics
G2.2 - Increase Efficiency of Production and Marketing Systems
G4.1 - Reduce Incidence of Foodborne Illnesses and Contaminants
RESEARCH EFFORT CATEGORIES
| BASIC |
20% |
| APPLIED |
80% |
| DEVELOPMENTAL |
(N/A)% |
KEYWORDS: plant biochemistry; grain; barley; malting; brewing; crop quality; biochemical properties; plant diseases; end use performance; xylans; beer; soluble proteins; foams; filtration; head blight; fusarium; deoxynivalenol; vomitoxin; mycotoxins; quality evaluation
PROGRESS: Jan 1, 1998 TO Sep 30, 2004
The objectives of this project were to 1) characterize the impact of select biochemical constituents of barley on the malting and brewing quality, 2) determine the impact of regional barley diseases on barley quality, and 3) assess the quality of barley produced in the upper Midwest on an annual basis. A better understanding of the constituents of malting barley and their importance in processing is necessary for the development of improved cultivars that are acceptable to both growers and industry. Work on Fusarium head blight (FHB) was to assist in the development of varieties with resistance to this disease. Information on the barley crop quality is important for food safety and marketing efforts. Principal efforts on malt biochemistry (objective 1) focused on arabinoxylans and beta-glucans. These high molecular weight polysaccharides are the principal components of aleurone and endosperm cell walls in barley. As they are partially water soluble and can form viscous
solutions, they are thought to negatively impact separation and filtration processes in brewing. Results from this research showed that high molecular weight arabinoxylans and beta-glucans (>500 kDA) are degraded during both malting and mashing, while the relative concentration of low molecular weight components (<50 kDa) increases. In beer model systems increasing either the concentration or molecular weight of these components was found to increase viscosity and to decrease filterability. The primary focus of FHB work (objective 2) has been on screening breeder's lines for deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration, which is used as a marker of resistance. Approximately 8,000-10,000 lines have been screened each year since 1998. While a limited number of resistance sources have been identified through this work, release of FHB resistant malting barley cultivars has been hampered by difficulty in incorporating exotic resistance sources/genes into commercially acceptable germplasm, the
complex genetics of FHB resistance, and a poor understanding of FHB pathogenesis. Research efforts on FHB of barley have involved investigation of the relationship between visual disease symptoms and DON levels, and the presence of cell wall degrading enzymes in FHB infected barley. Identification of poor correlations between visual disease symptoms and DON may impact future procedures for disease screening. FHB infected barley was found to contain large amounts of xylanase and beta-(1,3), (1,4)-glucanase. The role of these cell wall degrading enzymes in FHB pathogenesis is the subject of a new research project. The quality of the regional barley crop (objective 3) has been assessed following collection and analysis of 300-400 samples in each of the past six years. Information on DON contamination, which has ranged from <30 to >75% of the crop with more than 0.5 ppm DON, has been utilized by researchers in risk assessment and economic studies. Significant amounts of pre-harvest
sprouting identified in the 2002 crop led to research on methods for the assessment of sprout damage. Several of the methods investigated were recently adopted as official methods by malting and brewing industries.
IMPACT: 1998-01-01 TO 2004-09-30
A better understanding of the constituents of malting barley and their importance in the malting and brewing processes is necessary for the development of improved methods for quality testing. Improved methods of quality screening will streamline the variety development process, and hopefully result in the release of varieties that are acceptable to both growers and industry. Work on FHB is to assistance in the development of varieties with resistance to the disease, and in the short-term, to make utilization of a portion of the infected crop possible. Information on the barley crop quality is essential for marketing efforts.
PUBLICATION INFORMATION: 1998-01-01 TO 2004-09-30
Kottapalli, B., Wolf-Hall, C.E., and Schwarz, P.B. 2004. Evaluation of ozone and hydrogen peroxide treatments for preventing the post-harvest Fusarium infection in malting barley. Proc. 2nd International Symposium on Fusarium Head Blight 2:411.
PROJECT CONTACT INFORMATION
| NAME: |
Schwarz, P. B. |
| PHONE: |
701-231-7732 |
| FAX: |
701-231-7723 |
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