User Interface

Invoking GEOPlot without including a menufile on the command line brings up the unfilled User Interface GUI menu.

The menu options are described below.

Run

Runs the application after the menu options have been filled in.

Quit

Quit the application

Read Menu

If you want to read in a previously saved menu, enter the file name the menu options were saved to into the provided box and then click the Read button to the right. This will read file and fill in the menu options with the values found in the file. Hit a return in the menu entry box after you have typed in the file name to echo it down into the Save Menu box.

Save Menu

If you want to save the entered menu options to a file, enter the file name in the provided box and then click the Save button to the right. This will save all option settings into that file. The Save operation works on both complete and incomplete menu definitions. Using the same save and read file names will update the read file. If you wish to make changes to the menu but not loose the original menu options the save file name must be different than the read file name.

Color Scheme

A set of two options defining the color scheme. The first option allows the selection of a color table to load. There are a number of color tables which are selectable by clicking on the option bar.

The second option defines the background color of the plot. This is either white or black. The option toggles between the two states each time it is clicked.

Mesh Scale / Fill

A set of two options which define how actions associated with the mesh used to store the FUV data. The nominal mesh size into which the FUV image is mapped is 128x128 grids. The mesh scale option allows the number of grids to be either increased (values > 1.0), decreased (values < 1.0) or to remain at the nominal setting (value of 1.0). The new mesh size will be the number of grids long the sidex multiplied by the grid scale value. The nominal size is in the appropriate range for SI-12 and SI-13 data and probably should be set to 2.0 for WIC data.

The second option on the line specifies whether empty grids in the image mesh should be filled. If yes, unfilled grids are filled using a 2D least squares interpolation algorithm. Unfilled grids can occur for several reasons including selecting a mesh which has more elements than the image and non-linearities in the image pixel locations. Empty grids can be removed without filling by simply decreasing the mesh size using the previous option.

FUV Image Color Mapping

A set of three options defining the color mapping used when displaying the FUV image.

The first two options define the minimum and maximum color mapped values. Values below the minimum value are mapped to the plot background color as set above (either white or black) and values above the maximum value are mapped to the color of the maximum value. The third option sets the scaling to use in the mapping. This can either be LINEAR or LOGARITHMIC.

FUV Lineplot Scaling

A set of three options defining the scaling used when displaying the the FUV image intensity along the DMSP orbit track. The first two options define the minimum and maximum values of the plot axis. The third option sets the axis scaling. This can either be LINEAR or LOGARITHMIC.

Center Long / Lat

The FUV image is displayed using an ORTHROGRAPHIC projection. This is a pseudo-3D projection which can also mimic a polar projection when viewed from one of the two poles. The center longitude and latitude options define the longitude and latitde which are centered in the plot presented to the user. The longitude options rotates the projection about the poles while the latitude option tilts the projection.

Note that when the image is being output in MAGNETIC coordinates, noon is at longitude 180° . To view the image noon sector you would then rotate in longitude by 180° . Produce a pseudo-polar plot like projection you can set the latitude off set to either 90° or to -90° . This is a useful projection if the image does not extend much below ± 45°.

Minimum Latitude

This is the image cropping option. The option allows the minimum latitude which needs to be seen in the image to be set. The image is then cropped in the display ensuring that this latitude is visible. To turn off cropping set the option to FULL.

FUV Image Directory

This is the directory containing the FUV image file being output. The entry may begin with an environment variable. For example if the image file is in your home directory under the directory FUVimageFiles then you could specify the directory as $HOME/FUVimageFiles.

FUV Image File

The name of the FUV file containing the image data to be output.

FUV Coordinates

This is coordinate system to use when plotting the FUV image. The options are discussed in the table below.

OPTION DESCRIPTION
GEOGRAPHIC The image is plotted using geographic coordinates.
MAGNETIC The image is plotted using geomagnetic coordinates. In this system noon is at a longitude of 180°.

DMSP Satellite

The DMSP satellite from which the DMSP data will be obtained.

Beginning Time

This is the time at which to begin accumulating DMSP data. The time is specified as a 4 digit Year, Day of year, Hour, Minute, and Second.

Ending Time

This is the time at which to stop accumulating DMSP data. The time is specified as a 4 digit Year, Day of year, Hour, Minute, and Second.

The total time span specified by this and the previous menu entry should include the time during which the DMSP satellite passes over the FUV image.

Plot Parameter 1

This is the first DMSP measurement to include in the display. It is output in the first or uppermost of the two possible sets of plots with its scaling along the rght-hand axis. The FUV emission intensity is also output in this plot and scaled along the left-hand axis. The available parameters for plotting are described below.

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
NONE No defined output for this parameter.
Total Ion Energy Flux (1-35 keV) The total energy flux as measured by the high energy ion head of the DMSP SSJ/4 experiment.
Total Ion Energy Flux (30-1000 eV) The total energy flux as measured by the low energy ion head of the DMSP SSJ/4 experiment.
Total Ion Energy Flux (both ranges) This is two sets of line plots. The first shows the total energy flux as measured by the low energy ion head of the DMSP SSJ/4 experiment and the second the total energy flux as measured by the high energy ion head. Both line plots are output in the same plot and against scaled against the same axis.
Energetic Ion Density (/cc) The integrated ion DMSP SSJ/4 ion density. Integration makes the assumption of isotropy.
Energetic Ion Temperature (eV) The integrated ion DMSP SSJ/4 ion temperature. Integration makes the assumption of isotropy.
Energetic Ion Average Energy (eV) The integrated ion DMSP SSJ/4 ion average energy. Integration makes the assumption of isotropy.
Total Electron Energy Flux (1-35 keV) The total energy flux as measured by the high energy electron head of the DMSP SSJ/4 experiment.
Total Electron Energy Flux (30-1000 eV) The total energy flux as measured by the low energy electron head of the DMSP SSJ/4 experiment.
Total Electron Energy Flux (both ranges) This is two sets of line plots. The first shows the total energy flux as measured by the low energy electron head of the DMSP SSJ/4 experiment and the second the total energy flux as measured by the high energy electron head. Both line plots are output in the same plot and against scaled against the same axis.
Energetic e- Density (/cc) The integrated ion DMSP SSJ/4 ion density. Integration makes the assumption of isotropy.
Energetic e- Temperature (eV) The integrated ion DMSP SSJ/4 ion temperature. Integration makes the assumption of isotropy.
Energetic e- Average Energy (eV) The integrated ion DMSP SSJ/4 ion average energy. Integration makes the assumption of isotropy.
Ambient Density (/cc) The ambient ionospheric plasma density from the DMSP SSIES experiment.
Ambient e- Temperatuyre (degK) The ambient ionospheric electron temperature in degrees Kelvin from the DMSP SSIES experiment.
Ambient e- Temperatuyre (degK) The ambient ionospheric ion temperature in degrees Kelvin from the DMSP SSIES experiment.
Ambient Cross Track Ion Drift (m/s) The ambient ion cross track drift in m/s from the DMSP SSIES experiment. This is the Vy component of the ion drift. A positive drift is to the left when looking forward along the satellite track.
SI-12 Simulated Emission This is a estimate of the SI-12 Rayleigh intensity computed from the average energy and total energy flux. The average energy is used to obtain an emission efficiency which is them multiplied by the total energy flux to get the Rayleigh intensity.

Scaling (Parameter 1)

A set of three options defining the scaling used when displaying Parameter 1. The first two options define the minimum and maximum values of the plot axis. The third option sets the axis scaling. This can either be LINEAR or LOGARITHMIC.

When no plot has been defined for Parameter 1 these options are not used within the program.

Sync With FUV (Parameter 1)

This option allows the data to be output either at its own temporal resolution or averaged or summed over the duration of time it spends within an FUV pixel. In general the DMSP will make multiple measurements with an FUV pixel and at times it is advantegous to obtain either the total integrated or average measured quantity within each pixel traversed. The method used to sync to the FUV pixels is quite accurate and takes into account both full (side to side) and partial or skewed passage through a pixel. The options are listed in the table below.

OPTION DESCRIPTION
NO Produce the plot using the native time resolution of the measurement.
SUM Produce the plot using the sum of the quantity within each FUV pixel the orbit crosses.
AVERAGE Produce the plot using the average of the quantity within each FUV pixel the orbit crosses.

Note: This option is unused in the program if there is no measurement defined for the first parameter.

Plot Parameter 2

This is the second DMSP measurement to include in the display. It is output in the lower of the two possible sets of plots with its scaling along the left-hand axis. The available parameters for are identical to those listed under the Plot Parameter 1 option above.

Scaling (Parameter 2)

Identical definitions to those described under the scaling options for Parameter 1.

Sync With FUV (Parameter 2)

Identical set of options to those described under the sync with FUV option for Parameter 1.

Plot Parameter 3

This is the third DMSP measurement to include in the display. It is output in the lower of the two possible sets of plots with its scaling along the right-hand axis. The available parameters for are identical to those listed under the Plot Parameter 1 option above.

Scaling (Parameter 2)

Identical definitions to those described under the scaling options for Parameter 1.

Sync With FUV (Parameter 2)

Identical set of options to those described under the sync with FUV option for Parameter 1.

Minimum Acceptable Ion Density

When computing ion plamsa moments this is the smallest ion density for which higher order moments will be produced. For densities below this value the moments are returned as 0.0 This can greatly reduce the noise in plots which contain periods where only background counts are observed. The actual computed ion density is always returned.

Minimum Acceptable e- Density

When computing electron plamsa moments this is the smallest electron density for which higher order moments will be produced. For densities below this value the moments are returned as 0.0 This can greatly reduce the noise in plots which contain periods where only background counts are observed. The actual computed electron density is always returned.

Example User Menu

The figure below shows a fully defined user interface menu. The plot it generates is shown in the next section. The menu sets up a plots of three parameters from an over flight of the DMSP F13 satellite during an FUV SI-12 image from 2002 day 80. The FUV image is plotted in geomagnetic coordinates centered on noon and 60° latitude. All the parameters are plotted at their native resolution.


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Overview Plot Outputs

Show Fits

When a spectrum has been fit according to one of the available algorithms this option determines if the fit is to be output together with the spectra.

Fit Algorithm

The agorithm to use when fitting spectra. There are three algorithms to chose from. These are described below.

FIT TYPE DESCRIPTION
2 MAXWELLIANS (Linear) Fits the MENA and HENA portions of the spectra independently to a Maxwellian distribution and then merges the two fits. The fits are done using a linear least-squares algorithm to the function:
log(dF) = log(A) - E / T
where dF is the distribution function value, E is the energy, T is the temperate and A is the density times the normalization coefficient:
A = N · [(m/(2&pi kT/m)]3/2
2 MAXWELLIANS (NLinear) Fits the spectra independently using the Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear least-squares method. The function being fit is:
dF = A1e-E/T1 + A2e-E/T2
where dF is the value of the distribution function, E is the energy, Ti are the temperatures, and Ai are the function normalizations times the densities:
Ai = Ni · [(m/(2&pi kTi/m)]3/2
KAPPA Fits the spectra independently using the Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear least-squares method. The function being fit is:
dF = A · [1 + E/(&kappa E0)]-(&kappa + 1)
where dF is the value of the distribution function, E is the energy, E0 is the characteristic energy and A is the normalization constant times the density:
A = N · [m /(2&pi &kappa E0)]3/2 · &Gamma (&kappa + 1)/&Gamma (&kappa - 0.5)
For a kappa function the temperature is given by:
T = 2&kappa E0/(2&kappa - 3)
It should be noted that a kappa function will sometimes will yield unphysical temperatures (negative values) for a spectrum even though the fit looks good. This is the result of a low &kappa value.

Moments Info

This set of three options describes how moments are to be derived from output spectra. The first option determines the method used to obtain the moments. The options are discussed below.

MOMENT METHOD DESCRIPTION
FROM FITS The moments are determined directly from the fits to the distribution. using the coefficients determines in the above fits.
INTEGRATED The moments are derived by a direct integration of the spectra. The distributions are assumed to be isotropic so that integrals over Phi and Theta reduce to 4&pi and only odd integrals over velocity result in non-zero solutions.

The next two options only have meaning if the computation method is set to INTEGRATED. The first of these options indicates if the moments are to be computed individually for the HENA and MENA portions of the spectra (SPLIT) or if one set of moments are to be produced for the entire spectra (FULL). Moments derived from fits are out either at SPLIT or FULL depending on the fit algorithm.

The second option in the pair indicates whether to compute the moments using the defined energy band widths (WIDTHS) of the individual data points in the spectra or by using the band center energies (CENTERS). Fits using the band widths are computed as:

&sum ( df · &int vn dv )
where the summation runs over the energy steps, df is the meaured velocity space distribution value in the energy band, n indicated the moment being computed and the integral is performed over the velocity limits of the energy band. Fits using the energy band centers are computed using a simple trapazoidal numerical integration algorithm.

One word of caution. When performing a FULL integration the lowest energy HENA inversion step should be omitted from the interation (see the Data Omissions option below). This energy step is fully overlaped by the MENA enegy steps. Including it will cause erronous results.

Data Omissions

Any of the MENA and/or HENA energy steps can be excluded from either or both the spectra plot and the spectra fits and moment integrations. The avialable omission options are defined below. Any actual indentification of the omitted energy steps are made in the next two menu entries.

OPTION DESCRIPTION
NONE All data is used in both the spectra plots and the fits and integration routines.
PLOTS Energy steps designated under the MENA and HENA omits menu options are not included in the spectra plots but are included in the spectra fit and moment integration routines.
FITS Energy steps designated under the MENA and HENA omits menu options are not included in the spectra fit and moment integation routines but are included in the spectra plots.
PLOTS AND FITS Energy steps designated under the MENA and HENA omits menu options are not included in either the spectra plots or the spectra fit and moment integration routines.

MENA Omits

This is a space separated list of the MENA energy steps to be omitted from the analysis rouintes listed under the Data Omission menu option. The MENA energy steps run from 0 through 3 with 0 being the lowest energy step and 3 the highest. Leave the option empty if all MENA emergy steps are to be included.

HENA Omits

This is a space separated list of the HENA energy steps to be omitted from the analysis rouintes listed under the Data Omission menu option. The HENA energy steps run from 0 through 5 with 0 being the lowest energy step and 5 the highest. Leave the option empty if all HENA emergy steps are to be included.

Plot Matrix

The two options give the number of rows and columns of plots which will be defined and output. Once these are selected it is necessary to hit a return in one of the two entry boxes to trigger the Plot Definition option boxes to appear in the menu.

Plot Definitions

The plot definitions form a Row by Column set of entry boxes. Each entry box defines the contents of one of the output plots. The avialable plot definitions are listed below.

PLOT OPTION DESCRIPTION
EUV Plot data contained in the the EUV inversion file MENA# Plot one of the MENA inversion energy steps. The energy step to output is given by # which must be between 0 and 3. HENA# Plot one of the HENA inversion energy steps. The energy step to output is given by # which must be between 0 and 5.

Example User Menu

The figure below shows a fully defined user menu. In the example menu, the output of which is shown in the next section, there are four inversion plots being output in a 2x2 plot matrix. Clockwise from the upper left are the EUV He+ density mapping, the inversion of the MENA E2 energy step, the inversion of the HENA E3 energy step and the inversions HENA E1 energy step. The lowest HENA energy step is to be omitted from both the spectra plots and moment algorithms.


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Overview Plot Outputs