RSICC CODE PACKAGE CCC-735
1. NAME AND TITLE
EASY-2005.1: Multipurpose Activation and
Transmutation Code System.
2. CONTRIBUTORS
EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association,
Oxfordshire, United Kingdom, and CEA Cadarache,
CEDEX, France, through the OECD NEA Data Bank,
Issy-les-Moulineaux, France.
3. CODING LANGUAGE AND
COMPUTER
Fortran and C; PC, Pentium, IBM, Sun, Compaq Alpha. RSICC
ID is C00735MNYCP01. (NEADB identifier is NEA-1564/10 for Unix/Linux and
NEA-1564/11 for Windows.)
4. NATURE OF PROBLEM
SOLVED
The EASY-2005 (European Activation System)
consists of a wide range of codes, data and documentation all aimed at
satisfying the objective of calculating the response of materials irradiated in
a neutron flux. The main difference from the previous version is the upper
energy limit which has increased from 20 to 60 MeV. It is designed to
investigate both fusion devices and accelerator based materials test facilities
that will act as intense sources of high energy neutrons causing significant
activation of the surrounding materials. The very general nature of the
calculational method and the data libraries means that it is applicable (with
some reservations) to all situations (e.g. fission reactors or neutron sources)
where materials are exposed to neutrons below 60 MeV.
EASY can be divided into two parts: data and code development tools and user
tools and data. The former are required to develop the latter, but EASY users
only need to be able to use the inventory code FISPACT and be aware of the
contents of the EAF library (the data source). The complete EASY package
contains the FISPACT-2005 inventory code, the EAF-2005 library, and the EASY
User Interface.
The activation package EASY-2005 [1] is the result of significant development
to extend the upper energy range from 20 to 60 MeV so that it is capable of
being used for IFMIF calculations. The EAF-2005 library contains 62,637
reactions, almost five times more than in EAF-2003 (12,617). Such a large
increase means that some mistakes may exist in the new file that need to be
corrected. Because of these shortcomings and for other reasons explained below,
a maintenance release, EAF-2005.1 has been produced.
A deuteron-induced cross section library was also included for the first time,
and can be used with EASY to enable calculations of the activation due to
deuterons [3]. This library is included in the EASY-2005.1 maintenance release
as is a new version of the FISPACT code that can use the deuteron library.
The EAF-2005 data library covers:
- Cross section data for neutron-induced reactions
- Uncertainty data for neutron-induced reactions
- Decay data
- Fission yield data
- Biological hazard data
- Legal transport data
- Clearance data
- Charged particle ranges in materials
- Emitted particle spectral data (from neutron-induced reactions)
- Charged particle cross section data
- Gamma absorption data
The EAF-2005 contains the following data libraries:
EAF_XS-2005 is the point-wise cross section library. Data on 62,637 cross
sections on 775 targets are held in a modified ENDF/B format. The energy range
10e-5 eV - 60 MeV is covered. All nuclides with a half-life of greater than 0.5
day have cross section data, but in addition some short-lived nuclides are also
treated as targets. The cross sections represent targets that are infinitely
dilute, no self-shielding is included and the temperature for Doppler
broadening is 300K. Reference [5] documents the EAF-2005 cross section library.
EAF_GXS-2005 is a set of multi-group libraries; the available group structures
are: WIMS (69), GAM-II (100), XMAS (172), VITAMIN-J (175), VITAMIN-J+ (211),
TRIPOLI (315) and TRIPOLI+ (351). Various choices of micro-flux weighting are
available for particular applications. Reference [8] gives more details of the
group structures and weightings, reference [5] documents the EAF-2005 cross
section library.
EAF_UN-2005 contains uncertainty data for all cross sections. This library, in
modified ENDF/B-6 format, contains error factor values (in 2 to 4 energy groups)
for all reactions and is unique amongst activation libraries. This approach to
uncertainties is less comprehensive than that found in general purpose
evaluated files, but is of great value for fusion related inventory
calculations. Reference [5] documents the EAF-2005 uncertainty library.
EAF_DEC-2005 contains decay data information for 2192 nuclides, it is based
primarily on the JEF-2.2 radioactive decay data library [10], with additional
data from recent UK evaluations. It includes data on half-lives, decay modes
and decay energies. Note that entries are included for all stable nuclides.
Reference [6] describes the EAF_DEC-2005 library. Care has been taken to ensure
that EAF_XS and EAF_DEC are compatible. This is especially important for the
identification of isomeric states. All nuclides (including isomeric states)
that can be formed from the various reactions in EAF_XS are included so long as
their half-lives are greater than 1 second. Some nuclides with shorter
half-lives are included where it is felt that they are of particular
importance.
EAF_FIS-2005 is taken completely from the JEF-2.2 fission yield library. It is
a library of independent fission yields in ENDF/B-6 format. Only 19 of the 90
nuclides in EAF_XS which have fission cross sections have any fission yield
data in JEF-2.2 at relevant energies. An inventory code using this data source
will need a means of using a neighbouring fission yield for such nuclides.
EAF_HAZ-2005 is a library of values for each radionuclide describing the potential
biological impact of that nuclide on human beings. The format is not ENDF/B-6,
but is suitable for input by the FISPACT code. The values are Committed
Effective Doses per unit uptake, which determine the dose received by a person
over their lifetime (50 years) following the ingestion or inhalation of 1 Bq of
activity of a particular radionuclide. Reference [7] documents the EAF_HAZ-2005
library.
EAF_A2-2005 is a library of values relevant for the transport of radionuclides
in shielded flasks. The format is not ENDF/B-6, but is suitable for input by
the FISPACT code. Transport of radioactive material from place to place is
governed by regulations set up by the IAEA. Reference [17] gives details of A2
values for certain radionuclides. Using these values it is possible to work out
how much of a particular mixture of radioactive materials can be packed into a
type of container and safely transported. Data from this reference for the
nuclides listed are transferred to EAF_A2, with the use of the default
prescription given, for all radionuclides not explicitly listed. Reference [7]
documents the EAF_A2-2005 library.
EAF_CLEAR-2005 is a library of values relevant for the disposal of radioactive
material. The format is not ENDF/B-6, but is suitable for input by the FISPACT
code. Reference [7] documents the EAF_CLEAR-2005 library. This contains the
clearance limit value for each radionuclide. This value can be used to decide
if an amount of a radionuclide can be disposed of with no special precautions.
EAF_STOP-2005 contains new data compared to the previous versions. Due to the
change of the upper energy limit from 20 to 60 MeV the data have been
recalculated. It is required to enable the effect of sequential charged
particle reactions (SCPR) to be investigated. Details of this effect and a
brief description of the libraries are given in reference [1], but the original
report [18] should be consulted for more details. EAF_STOP contains the
differential ranges for protons (p), deuterons (d), helions (h), tritons (t)
and alpha particles in all the elements from H to U. The term differential
range at a particular energy defines the distance travelled by the particle in
the material in losing 1 MeV of energy. Data are given from 0 to 60 MeV.
EAF_SPEC-2005: EAF_XS contains the cross section data for (n,x) reactions,
while EAF_SPEC describes the energy distribution of the charged particles
emitted in these reactions. This is the second libraries required for SCPR. The
data are calculated by a theoretical model code (TALYS) due to the lack of
experimental data. Thirty-nine input neutron energies are used and the outgoing
charged particles are in 1 MeV bins covering the energy range 0-60 MeV.
EAF_XN-2005 describes the cross sections of p, d, h, t and alpha particles on
775 targets. Ten reactions types are considered: (p,n), (d,n), (h,n), (t,n),
(alpha,n), (p,2n), (d,2n), (h,2n), (t,2n) and (alpha,2n). This is the third of
the libraries required for SCPR. The data are calculated by a theoretical model
code (TALYS) due to the lack of experimental data. The data are given at 1 MeV
intervals over the energy range 0-60 MeV.
EAF_ABS contains the photon mass energy attenuation coefficient for all the
elements Z= 1 - 100 in increasing Z order. The attenuation coefficient and
energy absorption coefficient for air are also listed. All data are stored in a
24 group energy structure.
5.
METHOD OF SOLUTION
FISPACT is an inventory code developed for
neutron-induced activation calculations for materials in fusion devices. The
current version is FISPACT-2005, which is the culmination of seventeen years of
development. It uses external libraries of nuclear data for all relevant
nuclides to calculate the number of atoms of each species at a specified time
during the irradiation or after a decay time following shutdown. The various
species are formed either by a direct reaction on a starting material, by a
series of reactions some of which can be on radioactive targets or by a decay
or series of decays. The accuracy of the calculated inventory is dependent on
the quality of the input nuclear data - the cross sections and decay properties
- the European Activation File (EAF) is the recommended source of data.
SAFEPAQ-II is the software tool used for the
maintenance and development of the EAF nuclear data library by UKAEA. The
SYMPAL processing system that originated at ECN Petten was used for cross
section library processing prior to EAF-2001.
6. RESTRICTIONS OR
LIMITATIONS
The upper energy limit is 60 MeV.
7. TYPICAL RUNNING TIME
Run times vary. Test cases completed in ~15 minutes
under WindowsXP on a Pentinum IV 3GHz.
8. COMPUTER HARDWARE
REQUIREMENTS
EASY runs on IBM compatible PC’s running Microsoft
Windows or Linux and on Mac OS X, IBM RS/6000, Alpha and Sun workstations.
9. COMPUTER SOFTWARE
REQUIREMENTS
Executables created by the developers are included for
IBM-AIX, Compaq-ALPHA, SUN-Solaris, Mac OS X, Pentium running Red Hat Linux and
Windows. The included Windows executable was run at RSICC on Pentium IV computers
running Windows XP, and the Linux executable was run on an AMD Opteron under
Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Fortran source files and Makefiles are in the
Unix/Linux distribution but are not included in the Windows distribution.
10. REFERENCES:
10.a included in Windows
and Unix distribution in electronic files:
- R.A. Forrest, “The European
Activation System: EASY-2005 Overview,” UKAEA FUS 513 (2004).
- R.A. Forrest,
“EASY-2005.1: Summary” (Dec. 2005).
- R.A. Forrest,
“Deuteron-Induced Activation in the IFMIF Lithium Loop”
(Nov. 2005).
- R. A. Forrest, J. Kopecky,
M. Pillon, K. Seidel, S. P. Simakov, P. Bém, M. Honusek and E. Šimecková, “Validation
of EASY-2005 using integral measurements,” UKAEA FUS 526 (Jan. 2006).
- R.A. Forrest, J Kopecky and J-Ch Sublet,
“The European Activation File: EAF-2005 cross section library,” UKAEA FUS 515
(2004).
- R.A. Forrest, “The European
Activation File: EAF-2005 decay data library,” UKAEA FUS 516 (2004).
- R.A. Forrest, “The European
Activation File: EAF-2005 biological, clearance and transport libraries,”
UKAEA FUS 517 (2004).
- R.A. Forrest and M.R.
Gilbert, “FISPACT-2005: User Manual,” UKAEA FUS 514 (2004).
- R.A. Forrest, “SAFEPAQ-II: User Manual,” UKAEA FUS 454, Issue 6 (2004).
- JEF-2.2 Radioactive Decay Data,”
JEF Report 13 (August 1994).
10.b included in directory
documents_2003:
- R.A Forrest, “The European
Activation System: EASY-2003: Overview,” UKAEA FUS 484 (1, December.
2002).
- R.A. Forrest, “FISPACT-2003: User Manual,” UKAEA FUS
485 (1, December 2002).
- R.A. Forrest, J Kopecky and J-Ch. Sublet, “The
European Activation File: EAF-2003 Cross Section Library,” UKAEA FUS 486
(1, December 2002).
- R.A. Forrest, “The European Activation File: EAF-2003
Decay Data Library,” UKAEA FUS 487 (1, December 2002).
- R.A. Forrest, “The European Activation File: EAF-2003
Biological, Clearance and Transport Libraries,” UKAEA FUS 488 (1,
December. 2002).
- R.A. Forrest, “SAFEPAQ-II: User Manual,” UKAEA FUS
454 (5, December 2002).
10.c background references
(not included in distribution)
- Regulations for the safe
transport of radioactive material, 1985 edition, (and supplement 1988),
Safety Series No 6, IAEA, Vienna
- S. Cierjacks, P. Oblozinsky
and B. Rzehorz, “Nuclear data libraries for the treatment of sequential
(x,n) reactions in fusion materials activation calculations,” KfK 4867,
991.
- J.A. Simpson and J-Ch
Sublet, “SYMPAL: Utilities guide,” UKAEA FUS 357 (1997).
- R.A. Forrest and J.A.
Simpson, “SAFEPAQ: User manual,” UKAEA FUS 355 (1997).
11. CONTENTS OF CODE
PACKAGE
The package is transmitted on 1 DVD which contains the
reports listed above, executable files for all computer systems named above, source
codes, Windows installer, data libraries and test cases.
12. DATE OF ABSTRACT
May 2007, revised August 2008.
KEYWORDS: ACTIVATION; FUSION; ISOTOPE INVENTORY; CROSS SECTIONS