U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Ocean Service
Datums Page Page 1 of 6
Station ID: 9490424 PUBLICATION DATE: 05/12/2004
Name: KOTZEBUE, KOTZEBUE SOUND
ALASKA
NOAA Chart: 16005 Latitude: 66° 54.1' N
USGS Quad: KOTZEBUE (D-2) Longitude: 162° 34.9' W
To reach the tidal bench marks from the airport, proceed 1.6 km (1 mi) NE along
Third Avenue, then proceed 243 m (800 ft) NW along Turf Street to the Crowley
dock and tide station. The bench marks are located along Shore Avenue and Turf
Street. The tide gauge was housed in the storage room of the Crowley building
on the south side of Turf Street.
T I D A L B E N C H M A R K S
PRIMARY BENCH MARK STAMPING: 0424 K 2003
DESIGNATION: 949 0424 K TIDAL
MONUMENTATION: Tidal Station disk VM#: 17453
AGENCY: National Ocean Service (NOS) PID:
SETTING CLASSIFICATION: Concrete utility box frame
The primary bench mark is a disk set flush in the concrete box, 36.6 m (120.1
ft) ESE of bench mark 949 0424 H, 23.5 m (77.1 ft) SSW of the centerline of Turf
Street, 9.70 m (31.8 ft) NE of a pedestrian crossing sign, 9.10 m (29.9 ft) WNW
of the centerline of 3rd Street, 4.45 m (14.6 ft) WSW of the southern-most of
four 0.17 m (0.6 ft) diameter x 1 m (3 ft) high bollards, 3.63 m (11.9 ft) SSW
(200 magnetic) from a telephone pole, and 1.5 m (4.9 ft) ESE of a 0.63 m (2.1
ft) diameter manhole cover.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Ocean Service
Page 2 of 6
Station ID: 9490424 PUBLICATION DATE: 05/12/2004
Name: KOTZEBUE, KOTZEBUE SOUND
ALASKA
NOAA Chart: 16005 Latitude: 66° 54.1' N
USGS Quad: KOTZEBUE (D-2) Longitude: 162° 34.9' W
T I D A L B E N C H M A R K S
BENCH MARK STAMPING:
DESIGNATION: 949 0424 F
MONUMENTATION: Metal Rod VM#: 15415
AGENCY: Alaska Department of Natural Resources (AKDNR)PID:
SETTING CLASSIFICATION: Stainless steel rod in sleeve
The bench mark is set in the grass on the Shore Avenue side of the Crowley
Marine Services dock office, 35 m (114 ft) SSE of the NW corner of the sheet
pile bulkhead of the Crowley Dock, 5 m (16 ft) SE of the centerline of Shore
Avenue, 3.80 m (12.5 ft) WSW of the north corner of the Crowley Marine Services
dock office building, and 1.75 m (5.7 ft) ENE of the west corner of the Crowley
Marine Services dock office building. The bench mark is set 12 cm (0.4 ft)
below the top of the PVC pipe, 5 cm (0.2 ft) above the top of the sleeve, being
the top of a stainless steel rod driven to 15.7 m (52 ft), and encased in a 0.13
m (0.4 ft) diameter black PVC pipe with plastic cap projecting 0.15 m (0.5 ft)
above the ground.
BENCH MARK STAMPING:
DESIGNATION: 949 0424 G
MONUMENTATION: Metal Rod VM#: 15416
AGENCY: Alaska Department of Natural Resources (AKDNR)PID:
SETTING CLASSIFICATION: Stainless steel rod in sleeve
The bench mark is set at the indented north corner of Kotzebue High School along
Turf Street, 17 m (56 ft) SE of a power pole, 16 m (52 ft) SW of the centerline
of Turf Street, 2.90 m (9.5 ft) east of the west point of the north building
corner, and 1.72 m (5.6 ft) west of the east point of the north building corner.
The bench mark is set 0.18 m (0.6 ft) below the top of the PVC pipe, 4 cm (0.1
ft) above the top of the sleeve, being the top of a stainless steel rod driven
to 3.4 m (11 ft), and encased in a 0.13 m (0.4 ft) diameter black PVC pipe with
plastic cap projecting 0.20 m (0.7 ft) above the ground.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Ocean Service
Page 3 of 6
Station ID: 9490424 PUBLICATION DATE: 05/12/2004
Name: KOTZEBUE, KOTZEBUE SOUND
ALASKA
NOAA Chart: 16005 Latitude: 66° 54.1' N
USGS Quad: KOTZEBUE (D-2) Longitude: 162° 34.9' W
T I D A L B E N C H M A R K S
BENCH MARK STAMPING:
DESIGNATION: 949 0424 H
MONUMENTATION: Metal Rod VM#: 15417
AGENCY: Alaska Department of Natural Resources (AKDNR)PID:
SETTING CLASSIFICATION: Stainless steel rod in sleeve
The bench mark is located south of an eastern corner of the Kotzebue High
School, 45 m (148 ft) NW of the centerline of Third Avenue, 37 m (121 ft) SW of
the centerline of Turf Street, 1.52 m (5.0 ft) south of the building corner, and
0.62 m (2.0 ft) SE of the SE face of the building. The bench mark is set 0.16
(0.5 ft) below the top of the PVC pipe, 1 cm (0.0 ft) above the top of the
sleeve, being the top of a stainless steel rod driven 15.7 m (52 ft), and
encased in a 0.13 m (0.4 ft) diameter black PVC pipe with plastic cap projecting
0.15 m (0.5 ft) above the ground.
BENCH MARK STAMPING:
DESIGNATION: 949 0424 I
MONUMENTATION: Metal Rod VM#: 15418
AGENCY: Alaska Department of Natural Resources (AKDNR)PID:
SETTING CLASSIFICATION: Stainless steel rod in sleeve
The bench mark is set in a small alcove between two warehouses facing Shore
Avenue and the Crowley dock, 22 m (72 ft) SE of the sheet pile bulkhead of the
dock, 1.30 m (4.3 ft) SE of the front face of the warehouses, 0.90 m (3.0 ft) SW
of the NW corner of the east warehouse, and 0.80 m (2.6 ft) SE of the NE corner
of the west warehouse. The bench mark is set 0.20 m (0.7 ft) below the top of
the PVC pipe, 4 cm (0.1 ft) above the top of the sleeve, being the top of a
stainless steel rod driven 15.7 m (52 ft), and encased in a 0.13 cm (0.4 ft)
diameter black PVC pipe with plastic cap projecting 0.22 m (0.7 ft) above the
ground.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Ocean Service
Page 4 of 6
Station ID: 9490424 PUBLICATION DATE: 05/12/2004
Name: KOTZEBUE, KOTZEBUE SOUND
ALASKA
NOAA Chart: 16005 Latitude: 66° 54.1' N
USGS Quad: KOTZEBUE (D-2) Longitude: 162° 34.9' W
T I D A L B E N C H M A R K S
BENCH MARK STAMPING:
DESIGNATION: 949 0424 J
MONUMENTATION: Metal Rod VM#: 15419
AGENCY: Alaska Department of Natural Resources (AKDNR)PID:
SETTING CLASSIFICATION: Stainless steel rod in sleeve
The bench mark is set in the east corner of an empty lot sometimes used to store
connexes, 33 m (109 ft) SE of a power pole, 4.55 m (14.9 ft) NW of a chain link
fence on top of the berm surrounding the Crowley fuel tank farm, and 1.21 m (4.0
ft) SW of a chain link fence for a private residence. The bench mark is set
0.25 m (0.8 ft) below the top of the PVC pipe, 1 cm (0.0 ft) above the top of
the sleeve, being the top of a stainless steel rod driven 15.7 m (52 ft), and
encased in a 0.13 m (0.4 ft) diameter black PVC pipe with plastic cap projecting
0.17 m (0.6 ft) above the ground.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Ocean Service
Page 5 of 6
Station ID: 9490424 PUBLICATION DATE: 05/12/2004
Name: KOTZEBUE, KOTZEBUE SOUND
ALASKA
NOAA Chart: 16005 Latitude: 66° 54.1' N
USGS Quad: KOTZEBUE (D-2) Longitude: 162° 34.9' W
T I D A L D A T U M S
Tidal datums at KOTZEBUE, KOTZEBUE SOUND based on:
LENGTH OF SERIES: 1 MONTH
TIME PERIOD: September 2003 - September 2003
TIDAL EPOCH:
CONTROL TIDE STATION: 9491253 KIVALINA
Elevations of tidal datums referred to Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW), in METERS:
MEAN HIGHER HIGH WATER (MHHW) = 0.236
MEAN HIGH WATER (MHW) = 0.203
MEAN SEA LEVEL (MSL) = 0.117
MEAN TIDE LEVEL (MTL) = 0.116
MEAN LOW WATER (MLW) = 0.029
MEAN LOWER LOW WATER (MLLW) = 0.000
National Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD 29)
Bench Mark Elevation Information In METERS above:
Stamping or Designation MLLW MHW
0424 K 2003 1.959 1.756
949 0424 F 2.788 2.585
949 0424 G 2.127 1.924
949 0424 H 2.131 1.928
949 0424 I 2.195 1.992
949 0424 J 2.131 1.928
Foot Notes:
Tidal Datums for Kotzebue, located in northwest Alaska, were computed from a
monthly mean comparison with Kivalina, AK which is not presently referred to a
19 year National Tidal Datum Epoch (NTDE).
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Ocean Service
Page 6 of 6
Station ID: 9490424 PUBLICATION DATE: 05/12/2004
Name: KOTZEBUE, KOTZEBUE SOUND
ALASKA
NOAA Chart: 16005 Latitude: 66° 54.1' N
USGS Quad: KOTZEBUE (D-2) Longitude: 162° 34.9' W
D E F I N I T I O N S
Mean Sea Level (MSL) is a tidal datum determined over a 19-year National Tidal
Datum Epoch. It pertains to local mean sea level and should not be confused
with the fixed datums of North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88).
NGVD 29 is a fixed datum adopted as a national standard geodetic reference for
heights but is now considered superseded. NGVD 29 is sometimes referred to as
Sea Level Datum of 1929 or as Mean Sea Level on some early issues of Geological
Survey Topographic Quads. NGVD 29 was originally derived from a general
adjustment of the first-order leveling networks of the U.S. and Canada after
holding mean sea level observed at 26 long term tide stations as fixed.
Numerous local and wide-spread adjustments have been made since establishment in
1929. Bench mark elevations relative to NGVD 29 are available from the National
Geodetic Survey (NGS) data base via the World Wide Web at
National Geodetic Survey.
NAVD 88 is a fixed datum derived from a simultaneous, least squares, minimum
constraint adjustment of Canadian/Mexican/United States leveling observations.
Local mean sea level observed at Father Point/Rimouski, Canada was held fixed as
the single initial constraint. NAVD 88 replaces NGVD 29 as the national
standard geodetic reference for heights. Bench mark elevations relative to
NAVD 88 are available from NGS through the World Wide Web at
National Geodetic Survey.
NGVD 29 and NAVD 88 are fixed geodetic datums whose elevation relationships to
local MSL and other tidal datums may not be consistent from one location to
another.
The Vertical Mark Number (VM#) and PID# shown on the bench mark sheet are unique
identifiers for bench marks in the tidal and geodetic databases, respectively.
Each bench mark in either database has a single, unique VM# and/or PID# assigned.
Where both VM# and PID# are indicated, both tidal and geodetic elevations are
available for the bench mark listed.
The NAVD 88 elevation is shown on the Elevations of Tidal Datums Table Referred
to MLLW only when two or more of the bench marks listed have NAVD 88 elevations.
The NAVD 88 elevation relationship shown in the table is derived from an average
of several bench mark elevations relative to tide station datum. As a result of
this averaging, NAVD 88 bench mark elevations computed indirectly from the tidal
datums elevation table may differ slightly from NAVD 88 elevations listed for
each bench mark in the NGS database.