89 citations from the Agricola Database
1970 - March 1998

Joe Makuch
Water Quality Information Center

This electronic bibliography is intended primarily to provide awareness of recent investigations and discussions of a topic and is not intended to be in-depth and exhaustive. The inclusion or omission of a particular publication or citation should not be construed as endorsement or disapproval. Citations are arranged alphabetically by title and abstracts are included where available. All citations are in English unless otherwise noted.

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To locate a publication cited in this bibliography, please contact your local, state, or university library. If you are unable to locate a particular publication, your library can contact the National Agricultural Library (please see "Document Delivery Services" at http://www.nal.usda.gov/ddsb/).

1. Ammonia losses from Zimbabwean cattle manure before and after incorporation into soil.
Murwira,-H.K.
Trop-agric. St. Augustine, Trinidad : The University of the West Indies Press. Oct 1995. v. 72 (4) p. 269-273.
NAL Call Number: 26-T754

Descriptors: cattle-manure. ammonia. losses-from-soil. storage. handling. feedlot-wastes. placement. soil-management. moisture-content. volatilization. decomposition. soil-water. zimbabwe.

2. Anaerobic fermentation of beef cattle manure and crop residues : annual report, 1980.
Hashimoto,-Andrew-G.
Solar Energy Research Institute. United States. Dept. of Energy. Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center. SERI/TR ; 98372-1.
Golden, Colo. : The Institute ; Springfield, VA : Available from the National Technical Information Service, 1981. xiv, 80 p. : ill.
NAL Call Number: TP360.A53

Descriptors: Biomass-energy. Methane.

3. Animal agriculture's effect on water quality: pastures and feedlots.
Sutton,-A.L.
Water-Qual. West Lafayette, Ind. : School of Agriculture. July 1990. (7) 3 p.
NAL Call Number: TD224.I6W37

Descriptors: animal-wastes. water-quality. livestock-farming. feedlots. water-pollution. agricultural-law. indiana.

4. Animal agriculture's effect on water quality--waste storage.
Sutton,-A.L.
Water-Qual. West Lafayette, Ind. : School of Agriculture. July 1990. (8) 4 p.
NAL Call Number: TD224.I6W37

Descriptors: water-pollution. animal-wastes. feedlot-wastes. storage. indiana.

5. Animal waste management.
Sweeten,-J.M.; Baird,-C.; Manning,-L.
Leafl-L-Tex-Agric-Ext-Serv-A-M-Univ-Syst. College Station, TX: Service. Sept 1991. (5043) 4 p.
NAL Call Number: 275.29-T313

Descriptors: animal-wastes. feedlots. dairy-farms. waste-disposal. regulation. runoff. water-pollution. water-quality. texas.

6. Assessing the link between rangeland cattle and waterborne Cryptosporidium parvum infection in humans.
Atwill,-E.R.
Rangelands. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management, Apr 1996. v. 18 (2) p. 48-51.
NAL Call Number: SF85.A1R32

Descriptors: beef-cattle. cryptosporidium-parvum. feces. water-pollution. rangelands. life-cycle. wildlife. waterborne-diseases. zoonoses. surface-water. oocytes. protozoal-infections.

7. Barley performance under heavy applications of cattle feedlot manure.
Chang,-C.; Sommerfeldt,-T.G.; Entz,-T.
Agron-j. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy, [1949. Sept/Oct 1993. v. 85 (5) p. 1013-1018.
NAL Call Number: 4-AM34P

Descriptors: hordeum-vulgare. cattle-manure. feedlot-wastes. waste-utilization. application-rates. clay-loam-soils. application-date. timing. incorporation. tillage. crop-yield. grain. yield-increases. irrigated-conditions. dry-conditions. soil- pollution. water-pollution. alberta.

Abstract: Approximately 4800 cattle feedlots currently operate in Alberta, Canada. The large amount of manure produced annually creates disposal problems for feedlot operators. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of long-term annual manure application on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) performance grown on clay loam soil (Dark Brown Chernozemic, Typic Haploboroll) near Lethbridge, AB. Feedlot cattle manure was applied annually from 1973 to 1989 to irrigated plots at 0, 60, 120, and 180 Mg ha-1 (wet wt. basis) and to nonirrigated plots at 0, 30, 60, and Mg ha-1. Manure was incorporated with a cultivator plus disk, rototiller, or plow. Method of incorporation did not affect barley yields, but timeliness and amoun t of precipitation in the current and previous year were important in determining barley response to manure treatments. When moisture conditions were below normal, manure at any rate of application had a negative effect on yield of nonirrigated barle y. Under nonirrigated conditions, average barley yield was depressed by 10 and 16% for the 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 manure rates, respectively. Barley yield increased when manure was applied under irrigation, with the 60 Mg ha-1 rate producing a 20% higher av erage yield than the control. Although manure was disposed of annually on the soil at up to three times the recommended rate without reducing barley yields below those of the unmanured plots under irrigated conditions, such practice is not recommend ed because of potential soil and water pollution.

8. Barnyard runoff management.
Lindquist,-Perry.
[Wisconsin : s.n., 1987] [4] p. : ill.
NAL Call Number: TD930.L55--1987

Descriptors: Animal-waste-Management. Feedlot-runoff.

9. Beef and dairy cattle research report 1990.
Chapman,-H.D.; Griffin,-C.D.
Publ-La-Coop-Ext-Serv. [Baton Rouge, La.?] : The Service. June 1990. (890,rev.) 35 p.
NAL Call Number: S67.P82

Descriptors: beef-cattle. dairy-cattle. research-projects. parasites. breeding. cattle-feeding. forage. cattle-diseases. animal-wastes. marketing. louisiana.

10. Beef cattle feedlot manure management.
Eghball,-B.; Power,-J.F.
J-soil-water-conserv. Ankeny, Iowa : Soil Conservation Society of America. Mar/Apr 1994. v. 49 (2) p. 113-122.
NAL Call Number: 56.8-J822

Descriptors: beef-cattle. cattle-manure. feedlot-wastes. waste-utilization. resource-management. uses. application-to-land. environmental-impact. environmental-protection. nitrogen. recovery. pollution-control.

11. Best management practices for phosphorus management to protect surface water.
Mahler,-R.L.; Bailey,-B.G.; Mahler,-K.A.
Curr-inf-ser. [Moscow] : Agricultural Extension Service, Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agriculture, University of Idaho, Nov 1992. (963) 4 p.
NAL Call Number: 275.29-Id13Idc

Descriptors: water-pollution. phosphorus. surface-water. water-quality. phosphorus-fertilizers. erosion-control. animal-manures. feedlots. runoff. waste-disposal. idaho.

12. Changes in CEC and particle size distribution of soils associated with long-term annual applications of cattle feedlot manure.
Gao,-G.; Chang,-C.
Soil-sci. Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins Co., 1916. Feb 1996. v. 161 (2) p. 115-120.
NAL Call Number: 56.8-So3

Descriptors: chernozemic-soils. irrigated-conditions. dry-conditions. cattle-manure. application-to-land. soil-organic-matter. carbon. cation-exchange-capacity. particle-size-distribution. nitrogen-content. soil-depth.

13. Classifying the food waste stream.
Youde,-J.; Prenguber,-B.
BioCycle. Emmaus, Pa. : J.G. Press. Oct 1991. v. 32 (10) p. 70-71.
NAL Call Number: 57.8-C734

Descriptors: food-wastes. food-processing. food-industry. byproducts. composting. feedlots. organic-amendments. marketing. washington.

14. Composting--a feedlot waste management alternative.
Lesoing,-G.; Klopfenstein,-T.; Duncan,-D.

MP-Univ-Neb-Linc-Agric-Res-Div. Lincoln : Agricultural Research Division, Institute of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln. 1996. (66-A) p. 77-79.
NAL Call Number: 100-N27M

Descriptors: farmyard-manure.

15. Composting for feedlot manure management and soil quality. DeLuca,-T.H.; DeLuca,-D.K.
J-prod-agric. [Madison, WI] : American Society of Agronomy. Apr/June 1997. v. 10 (2) p. 236-241.
NAL Call Number: S539.5.J68

Descriptors: grain-crops. crop-production. soil. quality. sustainability. intensive-livestock-farming. cattle-farming. feedlots. composting. on-farm-processing. cattle-manure. maize-stover. waste-utilization. composts. application-to-land. nutri ent-sources. phosphorus. nitrate. soil-organic-matter. energy-conservation. energy-consumption.

Abstract: Contemporary industrialized grain and livestock production is characterized by efficient, large-scale confined animal feedlot operations (CAFOs) and equally efficient and large-scale, but separate, grain operations. Though both are hig hly productive, feedlot operators have come to view manure as a waste management problem, while grain operations face declining soil quality and a reliance on commercial fertilizers to maximize yields. Neither type of operation can be considered sustainab le. Cooperative on-farm composting may provide solutions to some of the problems facing our industrialized agricultural systems and render the systems more sustainable. In this paper we view cooperative on-farm composting as the combination and processing of feedlot manure with crop stover to produce a beneficial natural soil amendment and fertilizer for those fields from which the stover was taken. Cooperative on-farm composting would help protect surface and groundwater from nutrient loading, save resou rces, and help renew social ties within the agricultural community. Composting stabilizes nutrients, kills pathogens and weed seeds, reduces moisture content, reduces odor, and improves physical properties of manure, thereby improving its value as a soil amendment and fertilizer. Although some N in raw manure is lost during composting, the end product differs from raw manure in that it exhibits minimal N loss in storage or after field application. Composted manure can become the primary fertilizer for gra in production once the cumulative N mineralization from previous applications reach steady-state. The use of composted manure improves soil quality and greatly reduces total energy consumption compared with the use of commercial fertilizer. A hypothetica l example illustrates how compost applications to irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) could result in a net energy savings of about 3.3 million Btu/acre, which is equivalent to the energy contained in 19.4 gallons of diesel fuel/acre.

16. Composting of feedlot waste--update of research activities.
Lesoing,-G.; Klopfenstein,-T.; Duncan,-D.; Schroeder,-M.
MP-Univ-Neb-Linc-Agric-Res-Div. Lincoln : Agricultural Research Division, Institute of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, [1986?. 1997. (67-A) p. 88-91.
NAL Call Number: 100-N27M

17. Constructed wetlands and wastewater management for confined animal feeding operations.
Gulf of Mexico Program (U.S.). Nutrient Enrichment Committee.
Gainesville, Fla. : CH2MHILL, [1997] 23 p. : ill.
NAL Call Number: TD756.5.C662--1997

Descriptors: Constructed-wetlands-North-America. Feedlot-runoff-North-America. Agricultural-pollution-North-America.

18. Continuous solid-substrate fermentation of feedlot waste with grain.
Hrubant,-G.R.; Rhodes,-R.A.; Orton,-W.L.
Biol-Wastes. Essex : Elsevier Science Publishers. 1989. v. 28 (4) p. 277-291.
NAL Call Number: TD930.A32

Descriptors: feedlot-effluent. maize. grain. mixtures. waste-treatment. fermentation. digesters. operation. lactobacillus. yeasts. fermentation-products. feeds.

19. Corn production associated with liquid beef manure application methods.
Sawyer,-J.E.; Schmitt,-M.A.; Hoeft,-R.G.; Siemens,-J.C.; Vanderholm,-D.H.
J-prod-agric. [Madison, WI] : American Society of Agronomy, c1987. July/Sept 1991. v. 4 (3) p. 335-344.
NAL Call Number: S539.5.J68

Descriptors: zea-mays. liquid-manures. cattle-manure. soil-injection. broadcasting. placement. nitrogen-content. plant-composition. grain. crop-yield. illinois.

Abstract: Corn (Zea mays L.) production problems of uneven growth, yellowing, and reduced yields have been reported by producers on fields where agronomically acceptable rates of liquid beef manure were spring injected. Field experiments were co nducted from 1983 through 1986 in northwestern Illinois on a Derinda silt loam (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf) soil to determine the effect of method of liquid beef manure application and manure placement relative to the corn row on plant and grain N concentration and grain yield. Placement studies showed that corn plants growing over knife-injection zones bad the highest N concentration and greatest yield. Corn offset at parallel distances of 10, 20, and 30 in. from the injection zone had decreased N concentrations and lower yield than corn planted over the zone. In 1986, the year with the largest yield decline, corn 30 in. from the injection zone yielded 56 bu/acre less than corn planted over the zone. This positional relationship and limited avail ability of manure N appear to be the major factors related to yield decreases associated with knife injection. Yield reduction with sweep injection or broadcast application occurred in 1986, but was attributed to volatile N loss because of improper inject ion-incorporation. Nitrification inhibitors increased some whole-plant, ear-leaf, and grain N concentrations but did not significantly increase grain yield. Supplemental inorganic N increased grain yield when volatile loss of manure N occurred. Sweep inje ction, with more uniform manure distribution appears to be a practical alternative to knife injection.

20. Death of fecal coliforms and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis during fermentation of corn and feedlot waste.
Hrubant,-G.R.; Rhodes,-R.A.
Biol-Wastes. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers. 1989. v. 29 (2) p. 139-152.
NAL Call Number: TD930.A32

Descriptors: feedlot-wastes. waste-treatment. maize. grain. cracking. additives. fermentation. feeds. contamination. fecal-coliforms. mycobacterium-paratuberculosis. death.

21. Development of house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in sand containing varying amounts of manure solids and moisture.
Hogsette,-J.A.
J-econ-entomol. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America, Aug 1996. v. 89 (4) p. 940-945.
NAL Call Number: 421-J822

Descriptors: musca-domestica. biological-development. substrates. sand. chemical-composition. cattle-manure. moisture-content. adults. survival. feedlots. soil-types-anthropogenic. insect-control.

Abstract: House flies, Musca domestica L., developed in 200 cm3 of coarse sand containing just 1 ml (0.47%) of dairy manure solids and 10 ml (4.74%) of moisture. At these levels, development was slow (21.5 d from 1st instar to adult), adult surv ival was low (7.5%), but successful development did occur. At higher manure and moisture levels, rates of development and survival were similar to those reported previously All soil samples collected from a feedlot dairy contained higher levels of manure solids than the highest level tested in the laboratory. The implications for fly control in soil/manure mixtures and the need for additional studies are discussed.

22. Developmental sites and relative abundance of immature stages of the stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) in beef cattle feedlot pens in eastern Nebraska.
Skoda,-S.R.; Thomas,-G.D.; Campbell,-J.B.
J-Econ-Entomol. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America. Feb 1991. v. 84 (1) p. 191-197.
NAL Call Number: 421-J822

Descriptors: beef-cattle. feedlots. stomoxys-calcitrans. developmental-stages. insect-control. population-density. sampling. site-factors. waste-disposal. nebraska.

Abstract: A 3-yr study was done to determine where and at what relative frequency stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), immatures develop in beef cattle feedlot pens and the relationship of stable fly immature versus adult sample densities. Pens within feedlots were divided into five areas (the feed apron, back fence, side fences, mound, and the general lot); from each area, three core samples were randomly taken weekly. In 1986 and 1987, the feed apron yielded the most immature stable flies (62 .5%). The mound and side fences yielded a significant percentage of flies (24.6 and 8.4%, respectively). There was a strong correlation (overall r = 0.86) between numbers of immatures and numbers of adults 2 wk later. In 1988, a drought year, low numbers of immatures were collected, and only one correlation between numbers of immatures and adults was significant. In all 3 yr, sample densities of stable fly immatures peaked and began to decline by midseason. Waste management along the feed apron and mound areas could significantly reduce stable fly populations. Sampling immatures from these areas could permit prediction of adult numbers.

23. Dirty water or dilute waste.
Frost,-J.P.
Agric-eng. Silsoe : Institution of Agricultural Engineers. Winter 1995. v. 50 (4) p. 2-4.
NAL Call Number: 58.9-In7

Descriptors: grasslands. silage-effluent. feedlot-effluent. dairy-effluent. waste-water. water-harvesting. loam-soils. sprinkler-irrigation. nutrient-content. potassium. nitrogen. phosphorus. magnesium. scorch. northern-ireland.

24. Drylot beef cow/calf production.
Anderson,-V.L.; Boyles,-S.L.
NDSU-Ext-Serv-Publ-North-Dakota State Univ. Fargo, ND: The University. May 1989. (AS-974) 7 p.
NAL Call Number: S544.3.N9C46

Descriptors: beef-production. beef-cattle. dry-lot-feeding. feeds. creep-feeding. site-selection. waste-disposal.

25. Economic feasibility of feedlot manure utilization in cotton production: an application to the Texas High Plains.
Johnson,-J.L.; Segarra,-E.
Proc-Beltwide-Cotton-Conf. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America. 1997. v. 1 p. 323-326.
NAL Call Number: SB249.N6

Descriptors: feedlot-wastes. waste-utilization. economic-analysis. profitability.

26. Economics of using high-load single-frequency (HLSF) manure applications with conservation tillage.
Harman,-W.L.; Marek,-T.H.; Regier,-G.C.; Sweeten,-J.M.
PR-Tex-Agric-Exp-Sta. College Station, Tex. : The Station, 1976. Oct 1994. (5236) 9 p.
NAL Call Number: 100-T31P

Descriptors: feedlot-wastes. application-to-land. crop-production. rotations. irrigated-sites. conservation-tillage. fertilizers. microeconomic-analysis. production-costs. returns. crop-yield. application-rates. economic-thresholds. low-input-ag riculture. field-crops. great-plains-states-of-usa.

27. Economics of widespread manure application to irrigated crops: raw and composted feedlot manure in eastern Colorado.
Wang,-E.; Sparling,-E.
Am-J-altern-agric. Greenbelt, MD : Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture. Fall 1995. v. 10 (4) p. 167-172.
NAL Call Number: S605.5.A43

Descriptors: irrigated-farming. agricultural-land. cattle-manure. composts. application-to-land. waste-utilization. organic-fertilizers. economic-viability. environmental-protection. linear-programming. colorado.

Abstract: We used linear programming to simulate adoption of manure disposal technologies in eastern Colorado. Manure, either raw or composted, is assumed to be applied to irrigated cropland within 20 miles of feedlots in five subregions of east ern Colorado. We constrained the application so that total N application is no more than the amount used by the crop. N, P and K contents are taken into account, but no benefits are assigned to organic matter or trace minerals and no costs are assigned to soil compaction, weed seed propagation, or inconvenience. Irrigated land within 10 miles of feedlots can easily absorb all manure generated under this scenario. Manure is found to be an economical substitute for chemical fertilizers, assuming N content t o be at least 50% that of fresh manure. Composted manure is either more or less profitable than raw manure, depending on its N content. Hauling costs are lower for compost but composting costs are between $1 and $2 per finished ton. The model does not all ow for mixed application of compost and chemical fertilizers, which would increase the value of compost significantly. A feedlot waste sector that composted all feedlot manure in eastern Colorado is predicted to create between 80 and 200 additional jobs.

28. Effect of injected liquid beef manure on soil chemical properties and corn root distribution.
Sawyer,-J.E.; Hoeft,-R.G.
J-prod-agric. [Madison, WI] : American Society of Agronomy, c1987. Jan/Mar 1990. v. 3 (1) p. 50-55.
NAL Call Number: S539.5.J68

Descriptors: zea-mays. roots. spatial-distribution. growth. liquid-manures. cattle-manure. soil-injection. band-placement. soil-chemistry. soil-air. chemical-composition.

Abstract: Concentrated bands of liquid manure resulting from knife injection may be responsible for documented corn (Zea mays L.) production problems including uneven corn growth, plant yellowing, and lack of corn roots in the manure zone. Soil injected with liquid beef manure was incubated to determine effects on soil chemical properties, soil atmosphere composition, and corn root growth and distribution in or near the manure zone. An equivalent field injection rate of 3000 gal manure/acre was introduced into a 2.5 in. diameter circular band in boxes filled with Derinda silt loam (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf) soil. Corn roots did not grow in the manure zone for 26 d after manure application. Chemical transformations found within and at 1 .5 in. (from the manure center) below and beside the manure zone indicated possible toxic conditions to root growth. These included: reducing conditions, as indicated by low Eh, high moisture content, and low O2 concentration in the soil atmosphere (plus the presence of CH4) for 28 d after application; NH3 toxicity, as indicated by high concentrations of NH4-N and high pH for 21 d; and accumulation of high concentrations of NO2-N from 14 to 35 d after application. Only limited effects on soil chemical pro perties and root growth were found beyond 1.5 in. from the center of the manure zone. These results provide plausible explanations for corn growth problems associated with knife injected liquid manure.

29. Effect of restricted forage intake in confinement on estimated fecal output from a sustained release bolus.
Pinchak,-W.E.; Hutcheson,-D.P.
J-Range-Manage. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management. Mar 1992. v. 45 (2) p. 129-132.
NAL Call Number: 60.18-J82

Descriptors: steers. beef-cattle. feed-intake. forage. quality. cattle-feeding. boluses. feces-composition. excretion. chromium. estimation. sampling.

Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of restricted forage intake on patterns of chromium excretion to determine sample window duration and the accuracy and precision of fecal output estimates derived from the Capte c Chrome sustained release bolus. In Experiment 1, 8 crossbred steers (mean = 243 +/- 14 kg) were assigned randomly to receive prairie hay (PH) at intake levels of either 1.12% body weight (BWT) or 0.75% BWT while maintained in individual metabolism crat es and(or) pens. In Experiment 2, steers from Experiment 1 were rerandomized and assigned to receive PH at either 1.12% BWT or alfalfa hay (AH) at 1.30% BWT. The average post-dosing bolus failure rate across experiments exceeded 30%. Estimated fecal outpu t exceeded actual fecal output under all experimental conditions (P<0.08). Averaged across experiments, fecal chromium recovery was low (mean = 55 +/- 4%). When estimated fecal output was corrected for mean marker recovery within treatment, it did not dif fer from actual fecal output (P>0.60). Treatment effects were similar for estimated fecal output, corrected estimated fecal output, and actual fecal output. Under conditions of pen feeding and restricted forage intake, estimated fecal output exhibited tre atment differences similar to those of total fecal collection. However, unless adjusted for average marker recovery, these estimates were significantly greater than actual fecal output.

30. Effect of the organic volumetric loading rate on soluble COD removal in down-flow anaerobic fixed-bed reactors.
Sanchez,-E.P.; Weiland,-P.; Travieso,-L.
Bioresour-technol. Barking, Essex, England : Elsevier Applied Science ; New York, NY : Elsevier Science Publishing Co., 1991. 1994. v. 47 (2) p. 173-176.
NAL Call Number: TD930.A32

Descriptors: piggery-effluent. beef-cattle. cattle-manure. dairy-cattle. torula. yeasts. wastes. anaerobic-digesters. chemical-oxygen-demand. models.

31. Effects of livestock wastes on small Illinois streams : Lower Kaskaskia River Basin and Upper Little Wabash River Basin : summer 1991. Hite,-Robert-L.
Illinois. Division of Water Pollution Control. Planning Section.
[Springfield, Ill.] : State of Illinois, Environmental Protection Agency, Division of Water Pollution Control, Planning Section, [1992] viii, 134 p. : ill., maps
NAL Call Number: TD811.E44-1992

Descriptors: Animal-waste-Environmental-aspects-Illinois. Feedlot-runoff-Illinois. Animal-waste-Illinois-Management. Water-Pollution-Illinois. Water-quality-management-Illinois.

32. Environmental consequences of the structure of agriculture: the case of southeastern Pennsylvania farms.
Sachs,-C.; Bowser,-T.
Global perspectives on agroecology and sustainable agricultural systems proceedings of the sixth international scientific conference of the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements. Santa Cruz, CA : Agroecology Program, University of California, c1988.. p. 159-170b.
NAL Call Number: S605.5.I45-1986

Descriptors: environmental-impact. agricultural-structure. ecosystems. cattle-farming. beef-cattle. dairy-cattle. poultry-farming. production. regional-development. water-pollution. animal-manures. pollutants. nutrient-excesses. water-quality. w atersheds. pennsylvania.

33. Environmental management for the beef cattle industry: state and EPA considerations.
Sweeten,-J.
Proc-annu-conv-Am-Assoc-Bovine-Pract,-Conv. Stillwater, Okla. : The Association,. Jan 1995. (27th) p. 32-37.
NAL Call Number: SF961.A5

Descriptors: beef-cattle. environmental-management. animal-wastes. texas.

34. Environmental monitoring by feedlots.
National Animal Health Monitoring System (U.S.).
Fort Collins, Colo. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, [1995].
NAL Call Number: aTD195.A34E58--1995

Descriptors: Feedlots-Environmental-aspects-United-States-Statistics. Feedlots-Dust-control-United-States-Statistics. Water-quality-United-States-Measurement. Cattle-Manure-Handling-United-States-Statistics.

35. Escherichia coli O157:H7.
Dorn,-C.R.
J-Am-Vet-Med-Assoc. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association. May 15, 1995. v. 206 (10) p. 1583-1585.
NAL Call Number: 41.8-Am3

Descriptors: man. diarrhea. zoonoses. escherichia-coli. serotypes. dairy-cattle. food-contamination. microbial-contamination. raw-milk. beef. carrier-state. feces.

36. Farmland manure nutrient loadings : South feedlots and cow-calf operations.
Taylor,-Donald-C.; Gullickson,-Gail-L.
South Dakota State University. Economics Dept.
Research report (South Dakota State University. Economics Dept.) ; no. 95-1.
Brookings, S.D. : Economics Dept., South Dakota State University, 1994. ii, 13 leaves
NAL Call Number: HD1775.S8R47--no.95-1

Descriptors: Animal-waste-South-Dakota. Beef-cattle-South-Dakota-Cow-calf-system. Feedlots-South-Dakota. Waste-disposal-in-the-ground-South-Dakota.

37. Feedlot runoff control.
Lorimor,-J.
AE. Ames, Iowa : Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa State University. Jan 1994. (30771) 2 p.
NAL Call Number: S671.A22

Descriptors: beef-cattle. feedlot-wastes. runoff-water. cattle-manure. cattle-farming. demonstration-farms. iowa.

38. Feedlot runoff control--demonstration site: beef lot.

AE. Ames, Iowa : Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa State University. Mar 1994. (3077o) 2 p.
NAL Call Number: S671.A22

Descriptors: demonstration-farms. feedlot-wastes. runoff. iowa.

39. Feedlot runoff control--demonstration site: beef lot--Emmet County.
AE. Ames, Iowa : Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa State U niversity. Oct 1993. (3077g) 2 p.
NAL Call Number: S671.A22

Descriptors: feedlots. runoff. feedlot-effluent. waste-disposal. lagoons. iowa.

40. Feedlot runoff control--demonstration site: beef lot--Iowa County.
Lorimor,-J.
AE. Ames, Iowa : Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa State U niversity. Nov 1993. (3077i) 2 p.
NAL Call Number: S671.A22

Descriptors: feedlots. runoff. feedlot-effluent. waste-disposal. lagoons. grasses. iowa.

41. Feedlot runoff control--Demonstration site: beef lot--Location: Floyd County.
Lorimor,-J.
AE. Ames, Iowa : Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa State U niversity. Dec 1993. ((3077j) 2 p.
NAL Call Number: S671.A22

Descriptors: beef-cattle. feedlots. feedlot-wastes. runoff. waste-disposal.

42. Feedlot runoff control--demonstration site: beef lot--location: Ringgold County.
Lorimor,-J.
AE. Ames, Iowa : Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa State U niversity. Jan 1994. (3077m) 2 p.
NAL Call Number: S671.A22

Descriptors: beef-cattle. feedlots. feedlot-effluent. waste-disposal. iowa.

43. Feedlot runoff control--demonstration site: swine and beef lot--Location: Delaware County.

AE. Ames, Iowa : Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa State U niversity. Nov 1993. (3077h) 2 p.
NAL Call Number: S671.A22

Descriptors: pigs. beef-cattle. feedlots. runoff. feedlot-wastes. waste-disposal.

44. Forage production benefits from nutrient recycling via beef cattle and how to manage for nutrient recycling in a grazing cell.
Dalrymple,-R.L.; Stevens,-R.; Carroll,-T.; Flatt,-B.
Proc-Am-Forage-Grassl-Counc-1992. Georgetown, Tex. : American Forage and Grassland Council. 1994. v. 3 p. 269-273.
NAL Call Number: SB193.F59

Descriptors: cynodon-dactylon. cattle-manure. crop-yield. liveweight-gain. cost-benefit-analysis. grazing-systems. oklahoma.

45. Grazing management affects manure distribution by beef cattle.
Peterson,-P.R.; Gerrish,-J.R.
Proc-Am-Forage-Grassl-Counc-1992. Georgetown, Tex. : American Forage and Grassland Council. 1995. v. 4 p. 170-174.
NAL Call Number: SB193.F59

46. Gridded ammonia emission fluxes in Japan.
Murano,-K.; Hatakeyama,-S.; Mizoguchi,-T.; Kuba,-N.
Water-air-soil-pollut. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dec 1995. v. 85 (4) p. 1915-1920.
NAL Call Number: TD172.W36

Descriptors: emission. ammonia. air-pollution. geographical-variation. mapping. agriculture. animal-manures. animal-wastes. livestock-farming. nitrogen-fertilizers. pigs. dairy-cows. beef-cattle. japan.

47. Ground water quality beneath cattle feedlots in Texas.
Sweeten,-J.M.; Marek,-T.H.; McReynolds,-D.
Pap-Am-Soc-Agric-Eng. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers,. Summer 1992. (922038) 9 p.
NAL Call Number: 290.9-Am32P

Descriptors: water-quality. groundwater. contamination. animal-wastes. texas.

48. Incubation of injected liquid beef manure: effect of time and manure rate.
Schmitt,-M.A.; Sawyer,-J.E.; Hoeft,-R.G.
Agron-J. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy. Mar/Apr 1992. v. 84 (2) p. 224-228.
NAL Call Number: 4-AM34P

Descriptors: zea-mays. phytotoxicity. growth-rate. cattle-manure. liquid-manures. soil-injection. application-rates. nitrate. nitrogen. ammonium-nitrogen. redox-potential. soil-ph. nitrogen. transformation. soil-chemistry. incubation-duration.

Abstract: An investigation was conducted to determine if N compounds and other chemical parameters that could cause poor corn (Zea mays L.) growth were associated with injected liquid beef manure. Liquid beef manure was injected into a Derinda s ilt loam soil (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf) and incubated in two laboratory experiments. Experiment 1 consisted of two application rates, 18 and 36 mL kg-1 soil, injected into 25 g of moist soil and incubated for 44 d. Experiment 2 consisted of fiv e manure application rates (0, 29, 58, 116, and 232 mL kg-1 soil, equivalent to 2.3, 4.6, 9.2, and 18.4 dry Mg ha-1) layered between 50 g of soil and incubated for 4 wk. Rates simulated the range of manure concentrations in band applications of 37200 L ma nure ha-1. There was a linear trend of increasing NH4-N concentrations as manure application rates increased. A transitory period of lowered soil redox potential (E(h)) and elevated pH occurred for 2 wk after application, especially for the highest manure rate. Nitrite-N accumulated with all rates of manure, but the accumulation was transitory with low manure rates. At 116 and 232 mL kg-1, high levels of NO2-N were present for 3 and 4 wk, respectively. Conditions potentially toxic to plants were generated initially by reducing conditions (as indicated by low E(h)) and free NH3 (due to high pH and high concentrations of water extractable and exchangeable NH4-N), and subsequently, by accumulation of NO2-N.

49. Influence of cattle-feedlot manure on aggregate stability, plastic limit and water relations of three soils in north-central Italy.
Mbagwu,-J.S.C.
Biol-Wastes. Essex : Elsevier Science Publishers. 1989. v. 28 (4) p. 257-269.
NAL Call Number: TD930.A32

Descriptors: cattle-manure. feedlot-wastes. mixtures. characteristics. application-to-land. soil-physical-properties. application-rates. italy.

50. Isolation of Listeria spp. from feces of feedlot cattle.
Siragusa,-G.R.; Dickson,-J.S.; Daniels,-E.K.
J-food-prot. Des Moines, Iowa : International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians. Feb 1993. v. 56 (2) p. 102-105, 109.
NAL Call Number: 44.8-J824

Descriptors: listeria. feces. sampling. bacterial-count. pathogenicity. mice. cattle.

Abstract: Healthy feedlot beef cattle were surveyed for the presence of Listeria spp. in fecal grab samples taken over 3 months. Composite samples were made from 224 individual animals each month. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from one com posite sample (4%) from the first sampling and not from the subsequent two. Listeria innocua was found in composite samples from all three samplings at levels of 17, 9, and 35%, respectively. From the individual samples comprising the Listeria spp.-positi ve composites, L. monocytogenes was isolated from one sample (3%) in the second sampling but not in the first or third samplings. L. innocua was found in 9, 8, and 10% of the individual samples comprising Listeria-positive composites in the first, second, and third samplings, respectively. The two L. monocytogenes isolates were pathogenic to mice. Further characterization of these isolates revealed atypical rhamnose fermentation patterns. These results indicate that the frequency of isolation of L. monocy togenes from feedlot beef cattle is low.

51. Livestock manure production and disposition : South Dakota feedlots-farms-ranches.
Taylor,-Donald-C.
South Dakota State University. Economics Dept.
Research report (South Dakota State University. Economics Dept. ; no. 94-4.
Brookings, S.D. : Economics Dept., South Dakota State University, [1994] 70 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.
NAL Call Number: HD1775.S8R47--no.94-4

Descriptors: Animal-waste-South-Dakota. Agricultural-waste-South-Dakota. Feedlots-South-Dakota. Waste-disposal-in-the-ground-South-Dakota.

52. Long-term fate of nitrogen from annual feedlot manure applications.
Chang,-C.; Janzen,-H.H.
J-environ-qual. Madison : American Society Of Agronomy,. July/Aug 1996. v. 25 (4) p. 785-790.
NAL Call Number: QH540.J6

Abstract: Animal wastes are a valuable soil amendment, but when rates of application exceed crop nitrogen (N) requirements, N can leach into groundwater or be lost to the atmosphere. The prediction of optimum manure application rates, however, i s complicated by the mineralization of organic N that accumulates with repeated manure applications over many years. The objective of this study was to determine the N balance in soils receiving long-term, repeated manure applications, as influenced by ap plication rate and moisture regime. A N balance was constructed for a site at Lethbridge, AB, in which various rates of 1- to 2-yr-old manure (up to 180 Mg ha-1 yr-1) have been applied annually to irrigated and nonirrigated Chernozemic (Typic Haploboroll) clay loam since 1973. Under nonirrigated conditions, all of the N applied in manure was accounted for by crop uptake, soil organic N (Kjeldahl N), and soil NO3-N. Losses of N via leaching or volatilization were small. Under irrigation, however, particula rly at higher rates of manure application, appreciable amounts of N were lost by leaching and volatilization. The proportion of manure N mineralized was independent of application rate and irrigation regime. During a period of almost 20 yr, about 56% of t he N applied in manure was mineralized. This estimate permits more quantitative estimation of manure application rates that exploit the agronomic value of manure without risk of adverse environmental effects under similar climatic conditions.

53. Management practices: how to sample manure for nutrient analysis.
Rieck,-A.; Miller,-G.
North-Cent-reg-ext-publ. East Lansing, Mich. : Cooperative Extension Service. Jan 1995. (567) 4 p.
NAL Call Number: S544.N6

Descriptors: animal-manures. feedlot-wastes. liquid-manures. representative-sampling. nutrient-content.

54. Manure management for open lot livestock production.
U.S. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Iowa State University. Cooperative Extension Service. Iowa. Dept. of Natural Resources. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Region VII.
Des Moines, Iowa : The Service, 1995. 15 p. : col. ill.
NAL Call Number: aTD930.M35--1995

Descriptors: Livestock-Manure-Handling. Feedlots.

55. Manure P fractionation.
Barnett,-G.M.
Bioresour-technol. Oxford, U.K. : Elsevier Science Limited. 1994. v. 49 (2) p. 149-155.
NAL Call Number: TD930.A32

Descriptors: cattle. cattle-manure. dairy-cattle. beef-cattle. phosphorus. inorganic-phosphorus. organophosphorus-compounds. fractionation. chemical-analysis.

56. Nitrate and other nutrients associated with playa storage of feedlot wastes.
Smith,-S.J.; Stewart,-B.A.; Sharpley,-A.N.; Naney,-J.W.; McDonald,-T.; Hickey,-M.G.; Sweeten,-J.M.
Bull-Tex-Agric-Exp-Stn. College Station, Tex. : Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College System,. Nov 1993. (5081) 17 p.
NAL Call Number: 100-T31S-1

Descriptors: cattle. feedlots. feedlot-wastes. storage. water-pollution. nitrate. phosphorus. ammonium. soil-ph. soil-texture. subsoil.

57. Nitrate leaching losses under repeated cattle feedlot manure applications in southern Alberta.
Chang,-C.; Entz,-T.
J-environ-qual. Madison : American Society Of Agronomy,. Jan/Feb 1996. v. 25 (1) p. 145-153.
NAL Call Number: QH540.J6

Abstract: An experiment was conducted at Lethbridge, Alberta, to determine the long-term effects of annual applications of cattle manure on nitrate (NO3)-N accumulation and movement, and to assess the environmental impact of such a practice. Man ure was applied annually at 0, 30, 60, and 90 Mg ha-1 (wet wt. basis) and 0, 60, 120, and 180 Mg ha-1 (zero, one, two, and three times the maximum recommended annual application rate, respectively), to nonirrigated and irrigated Dark Brown Chernozemic (Ty pic Haploboroll) clay loam soils from 1973 to 1992. All plots were planted to barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Galt) in spring each year. In the fall, duplicate soil cores were taken to a depth of 1.5 m. Water content (gravimetric), chloride, ammonium- and NO3-N concentration of soil and manure samples were determined to estimate leaching and deep percolation loss of water and solutes. Level of manure and moisture regime affected the extent of NO3-N increases. Under nonirrigated conditions, manure applied a t one to three times the recommended rate resulted in a significant accumulation of NO3-N in the root zone. However, minimal leaching loss was observed below 1.5 m except for a year with unusually high precipitation. On irrigated soils, contamination of s oil and groundwater from repeated applications at or greater than the recommended rate of 60 Mg ha-1 was significant and annual losses may reach 93 to 341 kg N ha-1. Therefore, long-term annual application of manure at the maximum recommended level is not advised because of potential soil and water contamination problems.

58. Nitrate movement beneath a beef cattle manure composting site.
Nienaber,-J.A.; Ferguson,-R.B.
Pap-Am-Soc-Agric-Eng. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers,. Winter 1992. (92-2611/92-2629) 12 p.
NAL Call Number: 290.9-Am32P

Descriptors: profiles. cattle-manure. nitrate.

59. The nitrogen status beneath beef cattle feedlots in eastern Nebraska.
Ellis,-J.R.; Mielke,-L.N.; Schuman,-G.E.
Soil-Sci-Soc-Am-Proc. Madison, Wis. : The Society. Jan/Feb 1975. v. 39 (1) p. 107-111.
NAL Call Number: 56.9-SO3

Descriptors: feedlots. feedlot-wastes. beef-cattle. soil. nitrogen-content. profiles. groundwater. nitrates. management. nebraska.

60. Nutrient and energy composition of beef cattle feedlot waste fractions.
Gilbertson,-Conrad-B.
Research bulletin (University of Nebras ka-Lincoln. Agricultural Experiment Station) ; 262.
Lincoln, Neb. : University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1974. 20 p. : ill.
NAL Call Number: 100-N27-3-no.262

Descriptors: Feedlot-runoff. Animal-waste-Recycling. Animal-waste-as-feed.

61. Nutrient, carbon, and mass loss during composting of beef cattle feedlot manure.
Eghball,-B.; Power,-J.F.; Gilley,-J.E.; Doran,-J.W.
J-environ-qual. Madison : American Society Of Agronomy,. Jan/Feb 1997. v. 26 (1) p. 189-193.
NAL Call Number: QH540.J6

Abstract: Quantification of nutrient and mass loss during composting is needed to understand the composting process, to implement methods for nutrient conservation, and to reduce potential adverse environmental impact. Beef cattle feedlot manure was composted in a windrow on an open concrete area in 1992, 1993, and 1994 to determine the amounts of nutrient, C, and mass loss during composting. The area was enclosed on all sides with a 0.2 m high metal sheet to direct runoff to a fiberglass tank ( 4000 L) during rainfall. Nutrients in runoff represented combined runoff and leaching losses. Nutrients, C, and mass loss during composting was determined by the difference between the amounts at the beginning and at the end of the composting. Nitrogen lo ss during composting ranged from 19 to 42% and was related to the initial manure N content. Ammonia volatilization (calculated by difference) accounted for > 92% of the N loss whereas combined runoff nitrate and ammonium loss was < 0.5%. Mass loss was rel atively low (15-20%) while C loss ranged from 46 to 62% and was basically all through bio-oxidation. Phosphorus runoff loss, the main mechanism for P loss, was low (< 2%). Manure N/P ratio decreased during composting, indicating a greater soil P buildup p otential with compost application. Potassium and Na losses in runoff were high (> 6.5% each) in 1992 and 1993: they were low (< 2% each) in 1994 due to fewer rainfall. Calcium and Mg losses were < 6% each year. Nutrient and salt loss during composting res ulted in reduced electrical conductivity of the composted manure. Ammonium and P concentrations in runoff would create surface water pollution if runoff was not diluted with fresh water.

62. Nutrient cycling from cattle feedlot manure and composted manure applied to Southern High Plains drylands.
Jones,-O.R.; Willis,-W.M.; Smith,-S.J.; Stewart,-B.A.
Animal waste and the land-water interface /. Boca Raton : Lewis Publishers, c1995.. p. 265-272.
NAL Call Number: TD930.A55-1995

Descriptors: feedlot-wastes. composts. fertilizers. no-tillage. stubble-mulching. soil-depth. nitrogen. phosphorus. application-rates. runoff. nitrate-nitrogen. ammonium-nitrogen. water-pollution. texas.

63. Nutrition, manure, environment do not equal a simple equation.
Eng,-K.
Feedstuffs. Carol Stream, Ill. : Miller Publishing Company. Oct 21, 1996. v. 68 (44) p. 11-12.
NAL Call Number: 286.81-F322

Descriptors: animal-nutrition. nitrogen. phosphorus. potassium. feedlot-wastes. environmental-impact. pollution.

64. Odor intensities at cattle feedlots in nuisance litigation.
Sweeten,-J.M.; Miner,-J.R.
Pap-Am-Soc-Agric-Eng. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers,. Winter 1992. (92-4501/92-4519) 23 p.
NAL Call Number: 290.9-Am32P

Descriptors: feedlots. feedlot-wastes. odors. air-quality. air-pollution.

65. Phosphorus forms in animal manure.
Barnett,-G.M.
Bioresour-technol. Oxford, U.K. : Elsevier Science Limited. 1994. v. 49 (2) p. 139-147.
NAL Call Number: TD930.A32

Descriptors: cattle. cattle-dung. dairy-cattle. beef-cattle. poultry-droppings. feces. pigs. phosphorus. inorganic-phosphorus. organophosphorus-compounds. calf-feeding. phleum-pratense. phalaris-arundinacea. forage.

66. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium muris-like oocysts among cattle populations of the United States: preliminary report.
Anderson,-B.C.
J-Protozool. Lawrence, Kan. : Society of Protozoologists. Nov/Dec 1991. v. 38 (6) p. 145-155.
NAL Call Number: 439.8-J82

Descriptors: beef-cattle. dairy-cattle. cryptosporidium. disease-prevalence. disease-surveys. feces. samples. protozoal-infections. usa.

67. Protecting groundwater: managing livestock on small acreage.
Schmidt,-J.L.; Wolfley,-B.F.
Ext-Bull-Wash-State-Univ-Coop-Ext-Serv. Pullman, Wash. : The Service. Oct 1992. (1713) 6 p.
NAL Call Number: 275.29-W27P

Descriptors: groundwater. water-pollution. farm-management. practice. feedlot-wastes. fencing-. grazing. soil-test-values. weed-control. pastures. washington.

68. Protecting our water quality with livestock waste management.
McFadden,-V.J.; Melvin,-S.
PM-Iowa-State-Univ-Coop-Ext-Serv. Ames, Iowa : The Service. July 1991. (1428b) 4 p.
NAL Call Number: 275.29-IO9PA

Descriptors: animal-wastes. waste-disposal. waste-treatment. feedlot-wastes. runoff. tanks. manures. water-quality. groundwater-pollution.

69. Richmond Lake Water Quality Project.
Ullery,-C.H.; Farrand,-D.; Schneider,-K.; Shaller,-L.; Mills,-J.; Johnson,-C.B.; Hanson,-R.A.
Clean water, clean environment, 21st century team agriculture, working to protect water resources conference proceedings, March 5-8, 1995, Kansas City, Missouri /. St. Joseph, Mich. : ASAE, c1995.. v. 3 p. 291-293.
NAL Call Number: TD365.C54-1995

Descriptors: lakes. surface-water. water-quality. water-pollution. pollution-control. waste-treatment. waste-water-treatment. feedlot-wastes. feedlot-effluent. erosion. erosion-control. fencing. soil-conservation. land-use. arable-land. permanen t-grasslands. trees. establishment. south-dakota.

70. Risk simulation of the economics of manure application to restore eroded wheat cropland.
Freeze,-B.S.; Webber,-C.; Lindwall,-C.W.; Dormaar,-J.F.
Can-j-soil-sci. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada, 1957. May 1993. v. 73 (2) p. 367-274.
NAL Call Number: 56.8-C162

Descriptors: feedlot-wastes. application-to-land. reclamation. eroded-soils. wheat-soils. simulation-models. risk. econometric-models. economic-analysis.

71. Ruminant nutrition from an environmental perspective: factors affecting whole-farm nutrient balance.
Van-Horn,-H.H.; Newton,-G.L.; Kunkle,-W.E.
J-anim-sci. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science. Dec 1996. v. 74 (12) p. 3082-3102.
NAL Call Number: 49-J82

Descriptors: animal-manures. phosphorus. nitrogen. excretion. nutrient-intake. protein-excess. mineral-excess. efficiency. application-to-land. irrigation. dairy-farms. water-pollution. crop-yield. forage. feedlots. losses-from-soil. denitrifica tion. multiple-cropping. application-rates. feed-intake. dry-matter. potassium. nutrient-balance.

Abstract: Nutrient budgeting strategies focus primarily on recycling manure to land as fertilizer for crop production. Critical elements for determining environmental balance and accountability require knowledge of nutrients excreted, potential nutrient removal by plants, acceptable losses of nutrients within the manure management and crop production systems, and alternatives that permit export of nutrients off-farm, if necessary. Nutrient excretions are closely related to nutrient intake and ca n be predicted by subtracting predicted nutrients in food animal products exported from the farm from total nutrients consumed. Intensifying crop production with double- or triple-cropping often is necessary for high-density food animal production units t o use manure without being forced to export manure or fertilizer coproducts to other farms. Most manures are P-rich relative to N largely because of 1) relatively large losses of volatilized NH3, most of it converted from urea in urine, 2) denitrification losses in soil under wet, anaerobic conditions, and 3) ability of many crops to luxury-consume much more N than P.

72. Runoff control comparisons for commercial beef cattle feedlots.
Gilbertson,-C.B.; Nienaber,-J.A.; Gartung,-J.L.; Ellis,-J.R.; Splinter,-W.E.
Trans-A-S-A-E. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers. July/Aug 1979. v. 22 (4) p. 842-846.
NAL Call Number: 290.9-AM32T

Descriptors: feedlots. beef-cattle. feedlot-wastes. feedlot-effluent. waste-disposal. ponds. runoff. nebraska.

73. Sanitation as a means of suppressing stable fly populations in beef cattle feedlots.
Thomas,-G.D.
MP-Univ-Neb-Linc-Agric-Res-Div. Lincoln : Agricultural Research Division, Institute of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, [1986?. Dec 1992. (64) p. 119-132.
NAL Call Number: 100-N27M

Descriptors: stomoxys-calcitrans. cattle. feedlots. insect-pests. integrated-pest-management. cattle-manure. milking-parlors. breeding-places. organic-wastes.

74. Scheduled sanitation to reduce stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) populations in beef cattle feedlots.
Thomas,-G.D.; Skoda,-S.R.; Berkebile,-D.R.; Campbell,-J.B.
J-econ-entomol. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America, 1908. Apr 1996. v. 89 (2) p. 411-414.
NAL Call Number: 421-J822

Descriptors: stomoxys-calcitrans. beef-cattle. feedlots. infestation. population-density. cleaning. cleaning-and-sterilization. feedlot-wastes. removal. insect-control. pest-management. nebraska.

Abstract: Sanitation has been king recommended as a means of reducing stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), populations at cattle feedlots, but there is little published research to support this recommendation. In each of the 2 yr of this study, 4 feedlots received complete sanitation and 4 feedlots received no cleaning. The objective was to have the initial cleaning done before 1 June and then to reclean as needed even 2 wk thereafter. The feedlots that were cleaned had significantly fewer flie s than the uncleaned feedlots, with 50.9% fewer stable flies during the 1st yr and 36.2% fewer flies in the 2nd yr. These reductions were realized even though initial cleaning was not done by 1 June in either year: bad weather delayed completion until 20 June the 1st yr and 29 June the 2nd yr. Sanitation at cattle feedlots significantly reduces stable fly populations and sanitation may have been more effective if initial cleaning was done by 1 June.

75. Serotype O157:H7 Escherichia coli from bovine and meat sources.
Richard-Dorn,-C.; Angrick,-E.J.
J-Clin-Microbiol. Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology. June 1991. v. 29 (6) p. 1225-1231.
NAL Call Number: QR46.J6

Descriptors: beef. cattle. buffaloes. man. feces. escherichia-coli. strains. plasmids. virulence. characterization.

Abstract: Serotype O157:H7 Escherichia coli strains from several different bovine and meat (beef) sources were studied to determine the diversity of their virulence properties and to compare their plasmid characteristics. Eighteen strains from c attle feces, 2 from water buffalo feces, 3 from beef samples, and 2 from feces of human hemolytic uremic syndrome cases were examined. All of these strains hybridized with the CVD419 DNA probe which identifies serotype O157:H7 and many other serotypes of verocytotoxin-producing E. coli. Of 15 bovine strains that hybridized with two verocytotoxin DNA probes, 8 hybridized with both verocytotoxin 1 (VT1) and VT2 probes, 5 hybridized with only the VT2 probe, and 2 hybridized with only the Vt1 probe. This dist ribution was similar to that reported for O157:H7 E. coli isolated from humans. All three beef isolates hybridized with both VT1 and VT2 probes. All strains that hybridized with the VT probes were positive in the verocytotoxin assay, and all probe-negativ e strains were negative in the assay. All the strains possessed large plasmids with molecular sizes ranging from 53 to 64 MDa. Fifteen of the 20 cattle and water buffalo strains had one or more additional small plasmids. Restriction patterns resulting fro m HindIII, SmaI, and BamHI digestions of the large plasmids were used to compare all possible pairs of five different single plasmid-bearing strains from different countries (Egypt, England, and the United States). The restriction patterns of these strain s were distinct, and the mean coefficients of similarity for these comparisons ranged from 71 to 91%, indicating a moderate degree of genetic diversity. This diversity and the presence of multiple plasmids in many bovine and human O157:H7 strains reinforc e the usefulness of plasmid analysis in future studies. Only four of the 20 bovine strains and 1 of the 3 beef strains possessed the capability for adherence to HEp-2 and Intestine 407 cells in the presence of mannose, indicating that in vitro expression of localized adherence is not a universal property of O157:H7 strains of bovine origin.

76. Settling characteristics of feedlot cattle feces and manure.
Lott,-S.C.; Loch,-R.J.; Watts,-P.J.
Trans-ASAE. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers 1958. Jan/Feb 1994. v. 37 (1) p. 281-285.
NAL Call Number: 290.9-Am32T

Descriptors: cattle-manure. runoff. sediment. surface-water. contamination. australia.

Abstract: Increased community awareness has created pressure on feedlots to improve their environmental performance. Australian feedlot sedimentation systems which are failing currently use empirical designs. These designs could be improved by basing them on settling characteristics of Australian feedlot manure. Settling velocity distributions of fresh feces and pen manure were measured using a settling column. We found that settling velocities of fresh feces are similar to those of pen manu re and that rations that used barley or greater proportions of roughage had smaller components of slow-settling solids. All samples showed distinct fast and slow settling components. Some 35 to 75% of the material settled quickly and the remainder settl ed so slowly that it is not practical to design sedimentation systems to retain it. The data suggest that sedimentation system design should use a maximum settling velocity of 0.003 m/s.

77. Soil characteristics of cropland fertilized with feedlot manure in the South Platte river basin of Colorado. Davis,-J.G.; Young,-M.; Abnstedt,-B.
J-soil-water-conserv. Ankeny, Iowa : Soil and Water Conservation Society. Sept/Oct 1997. v. 52 (5) p. 327-331.
NAL Call Number: 56.8-J822

Descriptors: agricultural-land. soil-types-cultural. clay-soils. sandy-soils. feedlot-wastes. waste-utilization. animal-manures. application-to-land. soil-salinity. soil-ph. soil-alkalinity. soil-organic-matter. nitrate-nitrogen. nitrogen-conten t. phosphorus. potassium. zinc. nutrient-availability. irrigation-water. water-quality. water-pollution. risk. colorado.

78. Soil chemistry after eleven annual applications of cattle feedlot manure.
Chang,-C.; Sommerfeldt,-T.G.; Entz,-T.
J-Environ-Qual. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy. Apr/June 1991. v. 20 (2) p. 475-480.
NAL Call Number: QH540.J6

Descriptors: feedlot-wastes. cattle. application-to-land. plowing. rotary-cultivation. discing. application-rates. organic-matter. soil-ph. electrical-conductivity. copper. ammonium. nitrates. sodium. calcium. chlorides. sulfates. magnesium. zin c. bicarbonates. nitrogen. phosphorus. leaching. irrigated-conditions. soil-pollution. groundwater-pollution. alberta.

Abstract: In a long-term experiment at Lethbridge, AB, the effects of cattle (Bos sp.) manure on soil characteristics were determined after 11 annual applications. Manure, incorporated by cultivating, rototilling or plowing, was applied annually from 1973 to 1983 at 30, 60, and 90 Mg ha-1 (wet wt.) and 60, 120, and 180 Mg ha-1, respectively, to nonirrigated and irrigated dark brown Chernozemic (Typic Haploborolls) clay loam soil. On both the nonirrigated and irrigated soil, the effects from manu re, applied annually at greater than recommended rates for 11 yr, were minimal on Cu and NH4 content and substantial on other parameters determined. There were no significant effects due to tillage methods on these soil parameters. The effects on these so il parameters extended to greater depths under irrigation than under nonirrigation. Most of the applied NH4 was nitrified, volatilized, or fixed. The accumulation of organic matter, total N, NO3, total P, available P, soluble Na, Ca+Mg, Cl, SO4, HCO3, and Zn in the soil increased with increasing rates of manure applied. The electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio of the soil increased and the soil pH in the surface 60 cm of nonirrigated and 90 cm of irrigated decreased with increased manure ra tes. The total NO3 accumulation in the 150-cm soil depth was near 1 Mg ha-1, even at recommended rates, and was high enough to potentially cause soil and water pollution. The available P accumulated mostly in the surface soil and might be sufficient to in terfere with the nutrient balance of some crops. Long-term annual application of cattle manure to southern Alberta soils at maximum recommended rates [30 mg ha-1 and 60 Mg ha-1 (wet wt.) for nonirrigated and irrigated land, respectively] is not advisable.

79. Stream impacts due to feedlot runoff.
Ackerman,-E.O.; Taylor,-A.G.
Animal waste and the land-water interface /. Boca Raton : Lewis Publishers, c1995. p. 119-125.
NAL Call Number: TD930.A55-1995

Descriptors: intensive-livestock-farming. feedlots. animal-wastes. runoff. streams. water-quality. water-pollution. monitoring. illinois.

80. Subsurface environmental quality under a cattle feedlot and adjacent cropfield.
Saint-Fort,-R.; Raina,-R.M.; Prescott,-B.
J-environ-sci-health,-Part-A,-Environ-sci-eng. Monticello, NY : Marcel Dekker Inc. 1995. v. A30 (3) p. 637-650.
NAL Call Number: TD172.J6

Descriptors: feedlot-wastes. contaminants. nitrate-nitrogen. ammonium-nitrogen. chloride. leaching. mineralization. profiles. soil-depth. feedlots. groundwater-pollution.

81. Supplement and forage effects on fecal output estimates from an intra-ruminal marker device.
Hollingsworth,-K.J.; Adams,-D.C.; Klopfenstein,-T.J.; Lamb,-J.B.; Villalobos,-G.
J-range-manage. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management. Mar 1995. v. 48 (2) p. 137-140.
NAL Call Number: 60.18-J82

Descriptors: beef-cattle. steers. chromic-oxide. feces-collection. controlled-release. forage. protein-supplements. hay. crude-protein. soybean-oilmeal. heat. wheat. seasonal-variation. fiber-content. errors. nebraska.

Abstract: Three experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of supplemental protein and forage on marker estimated fecal output using an intraruminal continuous release marker device in grazing steers. In experiment 1, twelve steers were assi gned to 3 treatments and fecal collections were made during a 6-day period in December 1990 and again in February 1991. Treatments were: 1) range forage only, 2) range forage + 0.32 kg protein/day from a 70% soybean meal - 30% wheat pellet, and 3) range f orage + 0.32 kg crude protein/day from 15.1% meadow hay. Fecal output estimates derived from the marker device were similar (P > 0.10) for all treatments and both periods. Fecal estimates derived from the marker device were greater (P < 0.01) than fecal o utput from total fecal collection (3.5 kg/day vs 2.7 kg/day); the correlation between estimates from fecal collection and the marker device was 0.85. In experiment 2, ten steers were assigned to treatments 1 and 2 of experiment 1 during December 1991. Fec al output derived from the marker device was similar (P > 0.10) for the 2 supplement treatments. Fecal output estimates were greater (P < 0.10) for the marker device than fecal collection (1.80 kg/day vs 11.63 kg/day); the correlation between estimates fr om the marker device and total collection was 0.94. In experiment 3, fecal output was derived from the marker device during three 5 day collection periods. Steers grazed upland range in July (green immature forage) and September (cured mature forage) and grazed subirrigated meadow (immature regrowth) in October. Fecal output estimates from the marker device were different (P < 0.05) between collection periods, (e.g., forage sources).

82. Synthesis gas from feedlot manure : a conceptual design study.
Engler,-C.-R.; Walawender,-W.-P.; Fan,-L.-T. (Liang-tseng), 1929- Kansas State University. Institute for Systems Design and Optimization.
Report (Kansas State University. Institute for Systems Design and Optimization) ; 52.
Manhattan, Kansas : Kansas State University, Department of Chemical Engineering, 1973. ii, 34 leaves : ill.
NAL Call Number: TP360.E58-1973

Descriptors: Waste-products-as-fuel.

83. Systems of runoff control.
Moore,-J.A.; Meyer,-V.M.; Sutton,-A.L.
Ext-bull-Coop-Ext-Serv,-Mich-State-Univ. East Lansing : Michigan State University, Cooperative Extension Service,. Apr 1994. (E-1132) 6 p.
NAL Call Number: 275.29-M58B

Descriptors: feedlot-wastes. waste-disposal. waste-disposal-sites.

84. Texas High Plains feedlots: survey of 1992 characteristics and manure management practices.
Bonner,-B.; Harman,-W.L.; Amosson,-S.H.
PR-Tex-Agric-Exp-Sta. College Station, Tex. : The Station, 1976. Nov 1993. (5103) 4 p.
NAL Call Number: 100-T31P

Descriptors: cattle-manure. feedlots. ownership. size. nutrition-programs. management. waste-utilization. stock-piling. waste-disposal. environmental-protection. surveys. texas.

85. Uisolert tallehus for kjottfe med sma utekveer og gjodseldam = Straw-bedded confinement for beef cattle with small feedlots and lined manure storage pond.
Skjelhaugen,-Odd-Jarle.
ITF rapport, 0802-8532 ; 51.
As [Norway] : Norges landbrukshogskole, Institutt for tekniske fag, 1994. 20 p. : ill.
NAL Call Number: S671.I84--nr.51

86. Waste minimization in cattle feedlots by ration modification.
Tucker,-R.W.; Watts,-P.J.
Trans-ASAE. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers 1958. Sept/Oct 1993. v. 36 (5) p. 1461-1466.
NAL Call Number: 290.9-Am32T

Descriptors: cattle. feedlots. feedlot-wastes. manures. feed-formulation. modification.

Abstract: Public pressure to prevent pollution of the environment is increasing. Cattle feedlots can partly achieve this by adopting a waste minimization strategy which either reduces the quantity of waste produced or the pollution potential of waste. We analyzed the chemical and physical properties of feces produced by cattle fed six different rations: dry-rolled sorghum, dry-rolled sorghum + Actigest, dry-rolled sorghum + Hoechst product, steam-flaked sorghum, dry-rolled barley, and steam-flaked barley. Animal performance was also monitored We found that the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of manure, the main waste product of feedlots, can be modified beneficially by changing the feed ration. This may be possi ble whenever producers have a choice of ration types, as do most Australian lot feeders. Further, the potential for water pollution may be reduced by having less nitrogen, phosphorus, salt, and volatile solids in the manure. We also suspect that a high starch content, a low pH, and the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and other minerals in manure may all influence odor generation from the manure that accumulates on the feedlot surface.

87. Water quality and land treatment in the Long Creek Watershed Project.
Jennings,-G.D.; Line,-D.E.; Coffey,-S.W.; Spooner,-J.; White,-N.M.
Clean water, clean environment, 21st century team agriculture, working to protect water resources conference proceedings, March 5-8, 1995, Kansas City, Missouri /. St. Joseph, Mich. : ASAE, c1995. v. 3 p. 159-162.
NAL Call Number: TD365.C54-1995

Descriptors: watersheds. water-quality. surface-water. water-pollution. pollution-control. erosion-control. water-erosion. riverbank-protection. feedlots. feedlot-wastes. feedlot-effluent. runoff. arable-land. crop-production. low-input-agricult ure. animal-wastes. waste-disposal. nitrogen. phosphorus. fecal-coliforms. north-carolina.

88. Water quality impacts of feedlot manure: a progress report of 1992 irrigated corn runoff water quality and economics of manure use.
Harman,-W.L.; Marek,-T.H.; Regier,-G.C.; Sweeten,-J.M.
PR-Tex-Agric-Exp-Sta. College Station, Tex. : The Station, 1976. Aug 1993. (5077) 6 p.
NAL Call Number: 100-T31P

Descriptors: zea-mays. manures. feedlot-wastes. irrigation. runoff. water-quality. nitrates. phosphates. chlorides. rotation. crop-yield. costs. profitability. economic-impact. texas.

89. Water quality implications of playa lake containment of feedlot wastes.
Sharpley,-A.N.; Smith,-S.J.; Daniel,-J.A.; Jones,-O.R.; Stewart,-B.A.
Clean water, clean environment, 21st century team agriculture, working to protect water resources conference proceedings, March 5-8, 1995, Kansas City, Missouri /. St. Joseph, Mich. : ASAE, c1995.. v. 2 p. 211-214.
NAL Call Number: TD365.C54-1995

Descriptors: feedlot-wastes. waste-disposal. feedlot-effluent. runoff. storage. playa-soils. lakes. nitrogen. phosphorus. inorganic-salts. leaching. downward-movement. groundwater-pollution. water-quality. texas.

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