Section IV, Subsection G - Posting for Control of Contamination G. Posting for Control of Contamination The following sections describe the posting and labeling requirements and recommendations for the control of radioactive contamination. Instructions for removing personal protective clothing should be posted in step-off pad areas (RCM 325.6). Containers for used protective clothing should be adjacent to the step-off pad and should be clearly labeled indicating the type of personal protective clothing to be deposited. Instructions for personal surveys should be posted adjacent to personnel monitoring instruments (RCM 338.8). 1. Contamination Area Any area where contamination levels are greater than the values specified in Appendix D of 10 CFR 835, but less than or equal to 100 times those levels "shall" be posted as a Contamination Area (10 CFR 835.603(e) and RCM 235.1). The sign "shall" include the radiation symbol, a "CAUTION" heading, and the wording "CONTAMINATION AREA" (10 CFR 835.603(e) and RCM 235.1). Permanent barriers should be used wherever practical. Hoses, cords, and other equipment that cross from the Controlled or Radiological Buffer Area into the Contamination Area should be marked as radioactive material and secured (RCM 337.2). Exits from Contamination Areas that are not normally used (e.g., emergency exits or exits secured for contamination control) should be clearly identified. For example, an exit secured for contamination control should be posted with a sign containing the words "EXIT ONLY AT DESIGNATED POINTS." 2. High Contamination Area Any area where contamination levels greater than 100 times those specified in Appendix D of 10 CFR 835 are present "shall" be posted as a High Contamination Area (10 CFR 835.603(e) and RCM 235.1). The sign "shall" include the radiation symbol, a "DANGER" heading, and the words "HIGH CONTAMINATION AREA" (10 CFR 835.603(f) and RCM 235.1). The wording "RWP REQUIRED FOR ENTRY" should be included on the sign (RCM 235.2). High Contamination Areas should be enclosed within Contamination Areas if practical. Permanent barriers should be used wherever practical. Hoses, cords, and other equipment that cross into the High Contamination Area should be marked as radioactive material and secured (RCM 337.2). Exits from High Contamination Areas that are not normally used (e.g., emergency exits or exits secured for contamination control) should be clearly identified. For example, an exit secured for contamination control should be posted with a sign containing the words "EXIT ONLY AT DESIGNATED POINTS." 3. Hot Particles The posting for areas contaminated by Hot Particles should be specifically annotated with the words "HOT PARTICLES" (RCM 348.4). 4. Airborne Radioactivity Area Any area where the measured concentration of airborne radioactive material, above natural background, exceeds or is likely to exceed one-tenth of the DAC, "shall" be posted as an Airborne Radioactivity Area (10 CFR 835.603(d) and RCM 235.1). DAC values are listed in Appendix A of 10 CFR 835. Airborne Radioactivity Area posting should be in addition to any physical barriers employed. The sign "shall" include the radiation symbol, the wording "AIRBORNE RADIOACTIVITY AREA," and a "CAUTION" heading (10 CFR 835.603(d) and RCM 235.1). The wording "RWP REQUIRED FOR ENTRY" should be included on the sign (RCM 235.2). Airborne Radioactivity Area signs should contain the words "RESPIRATOR REQUIRED FOR ENTRY" or equivalent wording when respiratory protection is required (RCM 231.8). Permanent barriers should be used wherever practical. Hoses, cords, and other equipment that cross into the Airborne Radioactivity Area should be marked as radioactive material and secured (RCM 337.2). Exits from Airborne Radioactivity Areas that are not normally used (e.g., emergency exits or exits secured for contamination control) should be clearly identified. For example, an exit secured for contamination control should be posted with a sign containing the words "EXIT ONLY AT DESIGNATED POINTS." 5. Fixed Contamination Area Areas not posted as Contamination, High Contamination, or Airborne Radioactivity Areas; having detectable removable contamination at levels less than the values for removable contamination in Appendix D of 10 CFR 835; and having fixed radioactive material contamination at levels greater than those specified for total contamination in Appendix D of 10 CFR 835 shall be posted for fixed contamination (RCM 235.1). Fixed Contamination Areas shall be posted with a sign containing the words "CAUTION FIXED CONTAMINATION" (RCM 235.1). Areas of fixed contamination should be coated with two layers of a fixative coating, each with a different color. Fixed Contamination Areas may be located outside Controlled Areas if unrestricted access is not likely to result in a dose equivalent to any individual of 100 mrems/y or more. The posting of Fixed Contamination Areas should be over the area of fixed contamination. If several discrete areas of fixed contamination are present on a single surface, one posting for the entire surface may be used. If several areas of fixed contamination exist throughout a room, the entrance(s) to the room may be posted rather than each surface. In these cases the sign should show the radiological condition within the room. For example, a "CAUTION" heading and the words "FIXED CONTAMINATION AREA" with the supplemental words "INSIDE ROOM" could be used. The posting shall contain the standard radiation symbol, a "CAUTION" heading, and the wording "FIXED CONTAMINATION" (RCM 235.1). Supplemental instructions to the worker such as "RADIOLOGICAL CONTROLS REQUIRED FOR WORKING ON SURFACE," or equivalent wording, should be included on the sign. 6. Soil Contamination Area Soil Contamination Areas shall be posted (RCM 235.1). The sign shall include the radiation symbol, a "CAUTION" heading, the wording "SOIL CONTAMINATION AREA" (RCM 235.1), and should include appropriate wording to identify instructions or warnings to the worker, i.e., "SUBSURFACE CONTAMINATION EXISTS" or "CONTACT RADIATION PROTECTION PRIOR TO DIGGING." It is not necessary to erect a Radiological Buffer Area or a physical barrier around the boundary of a soil contamination area unless survey results suggest that contamination can be spread outside the area (e.g., by travel through the area by personnel, vehicles, etc.). A Radiological Buffer Area should be established around Soil Contamination Areas that meet the requirements of, and are posted as, Contamination Areas. A Soil Contamination Area "shall" be posted instead as a Contamination Area or a High Contamination Area when monitoring shows that radioactive material contamination can be transferred from the area at levels greater than those specified for removable contamination as defined by Appendix D of 10 CFR 835 (10 CFR 835.603(e) & (f) and RCM 235.1).