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CONTENTS Acknowledgements iii Introduction 1 The madhhabs today 3 SECTION ONE AL-R??? AND HIS INTI??R CHAPTER ONE: The Author of the Inti ?r 8 Al-R???'s early life 8 Al-R??? in Cairo 12 Al-R???'s books 15 CHAPTER TWO: The Inti ?r and Its Significance 19 The reason for writing the Inti ?r 19 The book?s significance 21 The rise of the madhhabs 21 Al-Sh?fi???s influence 26 A note on the translation 32 SECTION TWO TRANSLATION OF AL-R????S INTI??R Author?s Introduction 36 PART ONE: On Giving Preference to M?lik, May Allah Be Pleased With Him 39 The ?ad?th of the Prophet about the ??lim of Madina 43 The ?ad?th of the Prophet about the ?people of the West? 50 The testimony of the Three Imams about M?lik 53 Ab¿ ?an?fa?s praise of M?lik 53 Al-Sh?fi???s praise of M?lik 54 A?mad ibn ?anbal?s praise of M?lik 59 M?lik?s special qualities 62 Testimonies to M?lik?s learning 65 M?lik?s respect for knowledge 70 Further testimonials to M?lik?s knowledge and character 71 Why the people of the West follow M?lik 79 Selections from Ab¿ Nu?aym?s ?ilya 80 Two Dreams about M?lik in Ibn ?ajar?s Taw?l? al-taûs?s 82 Al-Qar?f? on M?lik?s special qualities 83 An unlikely kar?ma attributed to M?lik 85 Selections from al-Yaw?q?t al-mura a?a 86 M?lik?s care in relating ?ad?th 88 Selections from al-Gh?fiq??s Musnad ?ad?th Muwa??aû M?lik 89 M?lik?s death 94 Three Dreams about M?lik in al-Nawaw??s Tahdh?b al-asm?û 95 Further selections from Ab¿ Nu?aym?s ?ilya 98 Selections from al-Shirims????s Naöm al-durr and other sources 107 Further selections from Qadi ?Iy???s Mad?rik 114 PART TWO: On Giving Preference to the Madhhab of Imam M?lik, May Allah Have Mercy on Him, and the Sources on Which It Is Based 118 The authoritativeness of Madinan ?amal 119 Al-Man ¿r and the compilation of the Muwa??aû 128 Asad ibn al-Fur?t?s study of the madhhab of M?lik 130 Qadi ?Iy?? on the consensus (ijm??) of the people of Madina 135 The first type of consensus 136 The second type of consensus 139 ?Amal v. ?ad?th 140 The ?ad?th about withdrawing from a sale 143 Ibn Rushd on sales with conditions (al-bay? wa-l-shar?) 147 Al-Shirims??? on the ?amal of Madina 150 Sales by list of contents (al-bay? ?al? l-barn?maj) 154 The invalidity of khiy?r al-majlis 157 The principle of sadd al-dhar?ûi? (blocking the means) 158 Rational proofs for giving preference to the madhhab of M?lik 160 Some anecdotes 169 A poem in praise of the M?lik? madhhab 170 M?lik?s letter to al-Layth ibn Sa?d about the ?amal of the people of Madina 174 Al-Layth?s reply to M?lik?s letter about the ?amal of the people of Madina 175 PART THREE: Some Points of Difference Which are Frequently Mentioned Between the Supporters of the Various Madhhabs Which Indicate [that One Should] Give Preference [to the Madhhab of M?lik, May Allah Have Mercy on Him] 178 1. The purity of water 178 2. Is semen pure or not? 181 3. The purity of dogs 186 An anecdote concerning a certain Sh?fi?? 197 The praiseworthy characteristics of dogs 199 4. Fasting being broken by something getting into the body 201 5. Wiping the head when doing wu?¿û 201 6. Repeating the takb?r in the adh?n 203 7. Should the basmala be recited when doing the prayer? 206 8. The difference of opinion regarding recitation behind an im?m 220 9. Someone doing a far? prayer praying behind someond doing a nafl prayer 223 PART FOUR: Some Examples of the Narrowmindedness and Prejudice that I Have Found Among the Proponents of the Madhhabs Which Caused Me to Write This Book 226 Prejudice on the part of some Sh?fi?? scholars 226 The basis for saying that a mutilated slave is free 228 Doing the prayer behind a M?lik? im?m who does not recite the basmala 229 How the adh?n should be done 233 A Sh?fi???s objection to a M?lik? leading the prayer 233 Denial of the accusation that Ashhab wounded al-Sh?fi?? 236 What Ibn ?ajar said in his Man?qib al-Layth 240 Prejudice on the part of some ?anaf? scholars 248 Further examples of the prejudice of some Sh?fi??s 251 Examples of the fairness of some Sh?fi?? scholars towards the M?lik? Madhhab 255 PART FIVE: Some [Grammatical] Points Where Many Specialists Make Mistakes 260 1. Wu?¿û and wa?¿û 260 2. Dhikr and dhikr? 261 3. Ghusl and ghasl 261 4. Akl and ukl 262 5. Ku?l and ka?l 262 6. Reasons why the way many muûadhdhins call the adh?n is kufr 262 7. The common error regarding the pronunciation of the word miûa 266 GLOSSARY 269 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 274 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 305 Arabic sources 305 European sources 312
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Mêaalik ibn Anas, d. 795.
Malikites -- Early works to 1800.
Islamic law -- Early works to 1800.
Islam -- Doctrines -- Early works to 1800.