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Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1. Overview 1.2. Historical Background 1.3. FRP Reinforcements for New Concrete Structural Members 1.3.1. FRP bars or grids for reinforced concrete (RC) members 1.3.2. FRP tendons for prestressed concrete (PC) members 1.3.3. Stay-in-Place FRP formwork for reinforced concrete (RC) members 1.4. FRP Strengthening of Existing Structural Members 1.5. FRP Profiles for New Structures 1.6. Other Emerging Applications of Interest to Structural Engineers 1.7. Properties of FRP products for Structural Engineering Design 1.8 Published Design Guides, Codes and Specifications for FRP Composites in Structural Engineering. 1.8.1. FRP Reinforcing Bars and Tendons 1.8.2. FRP Strengthening Systems 1.8.3. FRP Pultruded Profiles 1.8.4. Manufacturer Design Manuals 1.8.5. Key Conferences Series 1.8.6. Archival Journals Chapter 2 Materials and Manufacturing 2.1. Overview 2.2. Raw Materials 2.2.1. Reinforcing Fibers 2.2.2. Polymer Resins 2.3. Manufacturing Methods 2.3.1. Pultrusion 2.3.2. Hand-layup 2.3.3. Other Manufacturing Processes Chapter 3 Properties of FRP Composites 3.1. Overview 3.2. Theoretical determination of properties 3.2.1. The fiber level 3.2.2. The lamina level 3.2.3. The laminate level 3.2.4. The full-section level 3.3. Experimental determination of properties 3.3.1. The fiber level 3.3.2. The lamina level 3.3.3. The laminate level 3.3.4. The full-section level 3.4. Relevant Standard Test Methods for FRP Composites for Structural Engineers 3.4.1. American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) Chapter 4 Design Basis for FRP Reinforcements 4.1. Overview 4.2. Introduction 4.3. Properties of FRP Reinforcing Bars 4.4. Design Basis for FRP Reinforced Concrete 4.4.1. Resistance factors 4.4.2. Minimum reinforcement requirements 4.4.3. Determination of guaranteed properties of FRP rebars 4.4.4. Design for environmental effects on FRP rebars 4.4.5. Special considerations FRP rebars 4.4.6. Design for serviceability 4.4.7. Temperature and shrinkage reinforcement in slabs Chapter 5 FRP Flexural Reinforcement 5.1. Overview 5.2. Introduction 5.3. Flexural Strength of an FRP Reinforced Section 5.3.1. The over-reinforced section 5.3.2. The under-reinforced section 5.3.3. Minimum flexural reinforcement 5.4. Design procedure for an FRP reinforced flexural member 5.4.1. Design of FRP reinforced bridge deck slabs 5.5. Serviceability design of FRP reinforced beams 5.5.1. Deflections under service loads 5.5.2. Flexural Cracking 5.5.3. Creep and Fatigue at Service Loads 5.6. Design procedure for serviceability Chapter 6 FRP Shear Reinforcement 6.1. Overview 6.2. Introduction 6.3. Shear design of an FRP reinforced concrete section 6.3.1. The concrete contribution to shear capacity 6.3.2. Shear capacity of FRP stirrups 6.3.3. Punching shear capacity in slabs 6.4. Limits on shear reinforcement and shear strengths for shear design 6.5. Design procedure for FRP shear reinforcement Chapter 7 FRP Reinforcement Detailing 7.1 Overview 7.2. Introduction 7.3. Geometric details 7.3.1. Calculation of bar spacing 7.4. Bond strength of FRP bars 7.5. Development of straight FRP bars 7.6. Development of hooked FRP bars 7.7. Lap splices for FRP bars 7.8 Design procedure to detail FRP bars in a beam Chapter 8 Design Basis for FRP Strengthening 8.1. Overview 8.2. Introduction 8.3. Properties of FRP Strengthening Systems 8.4. Design Basis for FRP Strengthening Systems 8.4.1. Resistance Factors 8.4.2. Guaranteed properties 8.4.3. Environmental effects 8.4.4. Limits of strengthening 8.4.5. Limits on stresses in FRP strengthening systems at service loads 8.4.6. Compression strengthening in flexural members 8.5. Deflections in FRP strengthened structures 8.6 FRP strengthening system area calculations Chapter 9 FRP Flexural Strengthening 9.1. Overview 9.2. Introduction to FRP flexural strengthening 9.3. Flexural capacity of an FRP strengthened member 9.3.1 Stress in the FRP strengthening system 9.3.2. Strain in the internal reinforcing steel 9.3.3. Neutral axis depth 9.3.4. The existing substrate strain 9.4. Determination of failure modes and flexural capacity 9.4.1 Mode 1a ? Concrete crushing after steel yields 9.4.2. Mode 1b ? Concrete crushing before steel yields 9.4.3. Mode 2a ? FRP failure after steel yields 9.4.4. Mode 2b ? FRP failure before steel yields 9.5. The Balanced Condition 9.6. Detailing for flexural strengthening 9.7. Design Procedure for a flexurally strengthened concrete member 9.8. Serviceability of FRP strengthened flexural members 9.8.1. The cracked FRP strengthened section 9.8.2. Service level stress in the internal steel reinforcing bars 9.8.3. Service level stresses in the FRP strengthening system 9.9. Load-deflection response of FRP strengthened flexural members Chapter 10 FRP Shear Strengthening 10.1. Overview 10.2. Introduction to FRP shear strengthening 10.3. Shear capacity of an FRP strengthened member 10.4. Effective strain in the FRP for shear strengthening 10.5. Design Procedure for shear strengthening 10.6. Shear strengthening of fully-wrapped axially loaded columns Chapter 11 FRP Confining 11.1. Overview 11.2. Introduction to FRP confining 11.3. FRP confining for axial strengthening 11.3.1. Serviceability for FRP strengthened axial members 11.4. Design procedure for FRP axial strengthening of RC circular columns 11.5. FRP strengthened eccentrically-loaded columns 11.6. FRP confining for increased ductility 11.6.1. Lateral Displacement Ductility 11.6.2. Flexural Hinge Confinement 11.7. Design Procedure for Flexural Hinge Confinement 11.8. Lap Splice Region Confinement 11.9. Plastic Shear Overstrength Demand Chapter 12 Design Basis for FRP Profiles 12.1. Overview 12.2 Introduction 12.3. Properties of Pultruded Profiles 12.4. Design Basis for FRP Pultruded Structures 12.4.1. Allowable Stress Design (ASD) 12.4.2. Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) 12.5. Performance Based Design (PBD) Chapter 13 Pultruded Flexural Members 13.1. Overview 13.2. Introduction to pultruded flexural members 13.3. Stresses in flexural members 13.4. Deformations in flexural members 13.5. Determination of deflections and stresses for serviceability and ultimate limit states 13.6. Serviceability limits states 13.6.1. Deformation limit state ? transverse deflection 13.6.2. Long-term deflection in pultruded beams 13.7. Ultimate limit states 13.7.1. Lateral-torsional buckling 13.7.2. Local buckling of walls due to in-plane compression 13.7.3. Local buckling of walls due to in-plane shear 13.7.4. Web crushing and web buckling in the transverse direction 13.7.5. Additional factors affecting local buckling in pultruded profiles 13.7.6. Flange and web longitudinal material failure 13.7.7. Flange and web material shear failure 13.8. Design procedure for flexural members Chapter 14 Pultruded Axial Members 14.1. Overview 14.2. Introduction to pultruded axial members 14.3. Concentrically loaded compression members 14.4. Deformations in concentrically loaded compression members 14.5. Determination of deflections and stresses for serviceability and ultimate limit states 14.6. Serviceability limits states 14.6.1. Deformation limit state ? axial shortening 14.7. Ultimate limit states 14.7.1. Global flexural buckling 14.7.2. Global torsional buckling 14.7.3. Local buckling due to axial loads 14.7.4. Interaction between local and global buckling modes in intermediate length compression members 14.7.5. Flange and web longitudinal material failure 14.8. Design procedure for concentrically loaded compression members 14.9. Concentrically loaded tension members 14.9.1 Deformations in concentrically loaded tension members 14.10. Determination of deflections and stresses for serviceability and ultimate limit states 14.10.1. Deformation limit state ? axial elongation 14.11. Ultimate limit states 14.11.1. Longitudinal material failure on the gross area 14.11.2. Longitudinal material failure on the net area 14.12. Design procedure for concentrically loaded tension members 14.13. Combined load members 14.13.1 Members subjected to combined flexure and compression (beam-columns) 14.13.2. Members subjected to combined flexure and tension Chapter 15 Pultruded Connections 15.1. Overview 15.2. Introduction to pultruded connections 15.2.1 Conventional Pultruded Connections 15.2.2 Custom Pultruded Connections 15.3. Mechanical Fasteners and Connection Parts 15.3.1. FRP nuts and bolts 15.4. Research on Heavy Beam-to-column Pultruded Connections 15.5. Bolted Pultruded Connections 15.6. Light-truss pultruded connections 15.6.1. Lap-joint connections 15.7. Heavy frame pultruded connections 15.8. Design of bolted pultruded connections 15.9 Determination of stresses in in-plane lap-joints 15.9.1 Bearing stress in the base pultruded material 15.9.2. Net-tension stress in the base pultruded material 15.9.3. Shear-out stress in the base pultruded material 15.9.4. Shear stress on the bolt 15.10. Stresses in out-of-plane shear connections 15.10.1. Longitudinal shear stress at the heel of the angle 15.10.2. Flexural stress in the leg of the angle bolted to the column member 15.10.3. Transverse tensile stress in the web-flange junction of the column 15.10.4. Block shear in the beam web 15.10.5. Flexural and shear stresses in flexible seated connections 15.11. Critical Connection Limit States 15.12. Design Procedure for a pultruded connection
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Fiber reinforced plastics -- Textbooks.
Polymeric composites -- Textbooks.
Structural design -- Textbooks.