Building Technologies Program
Items are listed below in chronological order with the most recent reports first. The Source column lists the journals or conference proceeding where many reports can be found. Please check your local technical or engineering libraries to find these reports.
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Pat Ross
Windows and Daylighting Group
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Mail Stop 90/3111
Berkeley, CA 94720
(510) 486-6845
Fax: (510) 486-4089
email: plross@lbl.gov
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Table generated:Tue Sep 9 14:18:45 1997.
| Report Number | Title, Author, Date | Source |
|---|---|---|
| TA 352 LBL-38117 |
Surface Temperatures of Insulated Glazing Units: Infrared Thermography Laboratory Measurements., Griffith B.T., TŸrler D., and Arasteh D., 12/22/95 | 1996 ASHRAE Summer Meeting (June 22-26, 1996) in San Antonio, TX. |
| Abstract: Data are presented for the distribution of surface
temperatures on the warm-side surface of seven different insulated glazing units. Surface
temperatures are measured using infrared thermography and an external referencing
technique. This technique allows detailed mapping of surface temperatures that is
non-intrusive. The glazings were placed between warm and cold environmental chambers that
were operated at conditions corresponding to standard design conditions for winter
heating. The temperatures conditions are 21.1¡C (70¡F) and -17.8¡C (0F) on the warm and
cold sides, respectively. Film coefficients varied somewhat with average conditions of
about 7.6 W/m2K (1.34 Btu/hft2F) for the warm-side and 28.9 W/m2K (5.1 Btu/hft2F) for the
cold-side. Surface temperature data are plotted for the vertical distribution along the
centerline of the IG and for the horizontal distribution along the centerline. This paper
is part of larger collaborative effort that studied the same set of glazings. |
||
| TA 350 LBL-37283 |
Advancements in Thermal and Optical Simulations of Fenestration Systems: The Development of WINDOW 5., Finlayson E., Arasteh A., Rubin M., Sadlier J., Sullivan R., Huizenga C., Curcija D., and Beall M., May 23, 1995 | Thermal Performance of the Exterior of Envelopes of Buildings VI, December 4-8, 1995, Clearwater Beach, FL. |
| Abstract: WINDOW 5 scheduled for release in 1996 is the latest
version of a tool now widely used by industry, the NFRC, and researchers, to design and
rate windows. It will provide increased accuracy, a flexible and state-of-the-art user
interface, and the capabilities to handle more product types. WINDOW 5 includes THERM, a new 2D finite element thermal model with the capabilities to define and model the thermal performance of frames/dividers and their associated edge effects. WINDOW 5 also will include a built-in version of RESFEN that calculates the orientation-dependent annual energy impacts of a given window in a typical residence in various U.S. climates. Other technical additions include an improved angular/spectral model for coated and uncoated glazings, the ability to analyze the optical properties of nonhomogeneous layers, and the ability to model the effects of laminated glazing layers. |
||
| TA 344 LBL-36734 |
Issues Associated with the Use of Infrared Thermography for Experimental Testing of Insulated Systems, Griffith B., Beck F., Arasteh D., and Turler D., January 1995 | Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings VI Conference Proceedings, December 4-8, 1995, Clearwater Beach, Florida. |
| Abstract: Infrared scanning radiometers are used to generate
temperature maps of building envelope components, including windows and insulation. These
temperature maps may assist in evaluating componentsÕ thermal performance. Although
infrared imaging has long been used for field evaluations, controlled laboratory
conditions allow improvements in quantitative measurements of surface temperature using
reference emitter techniques. This paper discusses issues associated with the accuracy of using infrared scanning radiometers to generate temperature maps of building envelope components under steady-state, controlled laboratory conditions. Preliminary experimental data are presented for the accuracy and uniformity of response of one commercial infrared scanner. The specified accuracy of this scanner for temperature measurements is 2ûC or 2% of the total range of values (span) being measured. A technique is described for improving this accuracy using a temperature-controlled external reference emitter. Minimum temperature measurement accuracy with a reference emitter is estimated at ±0.5ûC for ambient air and background radiation at 21.1ûC and surface temperatures from 0ûC to 21ûC. Infrared imaging, with a reference emitter technique, is being used to create a database of temperature maps for a range of window systems, varying in physical complexity, material properties, and thermal performance. The database is to be distributed to developers of fenestration heat transfer simulation programs to help validate their models. Representative data are included for two insulated glazing units with different spacer systems. |
||
| TA 342 LBL-36958 |
Edge Conduction in Vacuum Glazing. , Simko T., Collins R.E., University of Sydney, Beck F.A., Arasteh D., LBL, March 15, 1995 | Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings VI Conference Proceedings, December 4-8, 1995, Clearwater Beach, Florida. |
| Abstract: Vacuum glazing achieves very low conductance by using an
internal vacuum between the two glass sheets to eliminate heat transport by gas conduction
and convection. An array of small support pillars separates the sheets; fused solder glass
forms the edge seal. Edge conduction affects stresses in the edge region, leading to
possible failure of the glazing; and thermal bridging in the edge region can lower overall
window thermal performance and decrease resistance to condensation. Infrared thermography
was used to analyze the thermal performance of prototype vacuum glazings, and, for
comparison, atmospheric pressure superwindows. Research focused on mitigating the edge
effects of vacuum glazings through the use of insulating trim, recessed edges, and framing
materials. Experimental measurements of edge conduction using infrared imaging were found
to be in good agreement with finite-element modeling results for a given set of
conditions. |
||
| TA 338 LBL-37371 Rev. |
THERM 1.0: Program Description., Finlayson E., Arasteh D., Huizenga C., Curcija D., Beall M., and Mitchell R., April 1996 | LBL Only |
| TA 335 LBL-36995 |
A New Method for Predicting the Solar Heat Gain of Complex Fenestration Systems., Klems, J.H., J.L. Warner, G.O. Kelley, March 1995 | ASHRAE Solar Heat Gain Project 548 - RP. Final Report |
| Abstract: A new method of predicting the solar heat gain through
complex fenestration systems involving nonspecular layers such as shades or blinds has
been examined in a project jointly sponsored by ASHRAE and DOE. In this method, a scanning
radiometer is used to measure the bi-directional radiative transmittance and reflectance
of each layer of a fenestration system. The properties of systems containing these layers
are then built up computationally from the measured layer properties using a
transmission/multiple-reflection calculation. The calculation produces the total
directional-hemispherical transmittance of the fenestration system and the layer-by-layer
absorptances. These properties are in turn combined with layer-specific measurements of
the inward-flowing fractions of absorbed solar energy to produce the overall solar heat
gain coefficient. The method has been applied to one of the most optically complex systems in common use, a venetian blind in combination with multiple glazings. A comparison between the scanner-based calculation method and direct system calorimetric measurements made on the LBL MoWiTT facility showed good agreement, and is a significant validation of the method accuracy and feasibility. |
||
| TA 332 LBL-36975 |
Using Infrared Thermography for the Creation of a Window Surface Temperature Database to Validate Computer Heat Transfer Models., Beck F.A., Griffith B.T., Turler D., and Arasteh D., March 15, 1995 | Conference Proceedings, Window Innovations '95, June 5-6, 1995, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. |
| Abstract: Infrared thermography is a non-invasive, non-destructive
technique for measuring surface temperatures of an object. These surface temperatures can
be used to understand the thermal performance of window components and complete window
systems. Infrared (IR) thermography has long been used for qualitative field assessment of
window thermal performance, and is now being used in the laboratory for quantitative
assessments of window thermal performance 1,2. As windows become better and better, more
refined test methods and/or simulation tools are required to accurately detect performance
changes and make comparisons between products. While hot box calorimetery has worked well
to characterize the thermal performance of conventional insulating products, differences
in the thermal performance of new highly insulating systems are often less than the
resolution of conventional hot box calorimeters. Infrared imaging techniques offer the
opportunity to resolve small differences in the thermal performance of components of
highly insulating window systems that hot box measurements are not able to identify. |
||
| TA 322 LBL-35417 |
Integrated Window Systems: An Advanced Energy-Efficient Residential Fenestration Product, Arasteh D., Griffith B., and LaBerge P., March 31, 1994 | Proceedings of the 19th National Passive Solar Conference,American Solar Energy Society, Inc., San Jose, CA, June 25-30, 1994. |
| Abstract: The last several years have produced a wide variety of
new window products aimed at reducing the energy impacts associated with residential
windows. Improvements have focused on reducing the rate at which heat flows through the
total window product by conduction/convection and thermal radiation (quantified by the
U-factor) as well as in controlling solar heat gain (measured by the Solar Heat Gain
Coefficient (SHGC) or Shading Coefficient (SC)). Significant improvements in window performance have been made with low-E coated glazings, gas fills in multiple pane windows and with changes in spacer and frame materials and designs. These improvements have been changes to existing design concepts. They have pushed the limits of the individual features and revealed weaknesses. The next generation of windows will have to incorporate new materials and ideas, like recessed night insulation, seasonal sun shades and structural window frames, into the design, manufacturing and construction process, to produce an integrated window system that will be an energy and comfort asset. |
||
| TA 317 LBL-34271 |
A Validation of the WINDOW4/FRAME3 Linear Interpolation Methodology., Beck F.A., August 1993 | ASHRAE Transactions 100(1) (1994). |
| Abstract: The validity of a method to reduce the total number of
computer simulations which must be run to determine the U-values of a window product line
with multiple glazing options is examined. The accuracy and limits of this method, which
uses the WINDOW4 and FRAME simulation programs, is evaluated by comparing the edge, frame,
and total window U-values calculated on the basis of single point FRAME simulations to
those U-values as calculated on the basis of four point FRAME simulations combined with
linear interpolation of frame and edge U-values by WINDOW4. The accuracy of this procedure
is examined for two frame types, a low thermal conductivity wood-framed casement and a
high thermal conductivity aluminum-framed casement, using both aluminum spacers and
insulating spacers over a wide range of glazing types. The effect of center-of-glass
U-value, overall glazing thickness and spacer type on frame and edge-of-glass U-values is
discussed. It is shown that the agreement between total window U-values as calculated by
the single point and four point simulation methods is better than 1% for double and
triple-glazed windows with aluminum spacers, better than 1% for double-glazed windows with
insulating spacers, and better than 2% for triple-glazed windows with insulating spacers. |
||
| TA 315 LBL-35298 |
WINDOW 4.1 and Spectral Data Library Addendum, Windows and Daylighting Group, March 1994 | LBL Report. |
| TA 314 LBL-34270 |
Phase I Results of the NFRC U-Value Procedure Validation Project., Arasteh D.A., Beck F.A., Stone N., duPont W., and Koenig M., August 1993 | ASHRAE Transactions 1994, V 100, pt 1. |
| Abstract: The NFRC U-Value Procedure Validation Project was
undertaken by a collaborative group of industry, public utility, trade associations, and
government researchers in order to validate the testing and calculational methods of the
NFRC 100-91: Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Thermal Properties (Currently
Limited to U-Values). This paper summarizes the validation project's goals and test
methodology, the results of the data analysis, and the recommendations following
completion of Phase I of the project. Simulations performed according to NFRC 100-91 are
shown to agree with each other, to within the NFRC tolerance, in 100% of the cases. Window
test results with perpendicular wind performed according to NFRC 100-91 are shown to agree
with each other, to within the NFRC tolerance, in 84% of the cases. Simulations and
perpendicular wind window test results are shown to agree with each other, to within the
NFRC tolerance, in 80% of the cases. Testing of skylights was shown to be problematic
under the procedure as written at the time. Agreement between tests and simulations will
improve as a result of a strong NFRC education and accreditation program. |
||
| TA 309 LBL-33943 |
WINDOW 4.0: Documentation of Calculation Procedures., Finlayson E., Arasteh D.K., Huizenga C., Rubin M.D., Reilly M.S., July 1993 | LBL Report. |
| TA 308 LBL-33192 |
Modeling Windows in DOE-2.1E, Reilly S., F. Winkelmann, D. Arasteh, and W. Carroll, December 1992 | Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings V Conference Proceedings, December 7-10, 1992, Clearwater Beach, Florida. |
| Abstract: The most recent version of the DOE-2 building energy
simulation program, DOE-2.1E, provides for more detailed modeling of the thermal and
optical properties of windows. The window calculations account for the temperature effects
on U-value, and update the incident angle correlations for the solar heat gain properties
and visible transmittance. Initial studies show up to a 30% difference in calculating peak
solar heat gain between the detailed approach and a constant shading-coefficient approach.
The modeling approach is adapted from Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory's WINDOW 4 computer
program, which is used in the National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) U-value rating
procedure 100-91. This gives DOE-2.1E the capability to assess the annual and peak energy
performance of windows consistent with the NFRC procedure. The program has an extensive
window library and algorithms for simulating switchable glazings. The program also
accounts for the influence of framing elements on the heat transfer and solar heat gain
through the window. |
||
| TA 297 LBL-32442 |
The NFRC Window U-Value Rating Procedure, Arasteh D., R. Christopher Mathis, and William DuPont, April 1992 | Proceedings of the ASHRAE/DOE/BTECC Conference on the Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings V, Clearwater Beach, FL, December 7-10, 1992. |
| Abstract: During the 1980s, the availability of energy-efficient
window components and products grew at a rate faster than the window and building
industryÕs ability to analyze their performance accurately and efficiently. As a result,
a coalition of industry and public sector groups formed the National Fenestration Rating
Council (NFRC) in an effort to provide standard methodologies to rate the thermal
performance of windows. The NFRCÕs first task was to develop a methodology for evaluating
the thermal transmittance (U-values) of fenestration products. This procedure, published
in 1991 as NFRC 100-91 (NFRC 1991) and already referenced by state codes in Alaska,
California, Idaho, Minnesota, Oregon, and Washington, allows the manufacturer to use a
unique combination of advanced computer simulation tools coupled with improved laboratory
test methods. Since most manufacturers offer dozens, and often hundreds or thousands, of
individual products, each with significantly different U-values, these simulation tools
are an essential component of the rating systemÕs cost effectiveness. This paper
discusses this procedure and its intended use in more detail, and outlines the NFRCÕs
future plans for developing rating procedures for solar heat gain coefficients, optical
properties, infiltration, condensation resistance, and annual energy impacts. |
||
| TA 293 LBL-32782 |
Improving the Thermal Performance of Vinyl-Framed Windows, Beck Fredric A. and Dariush Arasteh, October 1992 | Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings V Conference Proceedings, Clearwater, FL, December 1992. |
| Abstract: Over the last five years, vinyl-framed windows have
gained an increased market share in both new and retrofit residential construction. This
success has been mainly due to their low manufacturing cost and relatively good thermal
performance (i.e., total window U-values with double glazing between 0.50 Btu/h.ft2.¡F
[2.86 W/m2.K] and 0.30 Btu/h.ft2.¡F [1.70 W/m2.K]). Turning such windows into
"superwindows," windows with a U-value of 0.20 Btu/h.ft2.¡F (1.14ÊW/m2.K) or
less that can act as passive solar elements even on north-facing orientations in cold
climates, requires further significant decreases in heat transfer through both the glazing
system and the frame/edge. Three-layer glazing systems (those with two low-emissivity
coatings and a low-conductivity gas fill) offer center-of-glass U-values as low as 0.10
Btu/h.ft2.¡F (0.57ÊW/m2.K); such glazings are being manufactured today and can be
incorporated into existing or new vinyl frame profiles. This paper focuses on the use of a
state-of the-art infrared imaging system and a two-dimensional finite-difference model to
improve the thermal performance of commercially available vinyl profiles and glazing edge
systems. Such evaluation tools are extremely useful in identifying exactly which
components and design features limit heat transfer and which act as thermal short
circuits. Such an analysis is not possible with conventional whole-window testing in hot
boxes where testing uncertainties with superwindows are often greater than proposed
improvements. |
||
| TA 287 LBL-29752 |
Using Infrared Thermography for the Study of Heat Transfer Through Building Envelope Components, Arasteh D., F.A. Beck, B. Griffith, N. Byars, M. Acevedo-Ruiz, November 1991 | ASHRAE Transactions 1992, V. 98, Pt. 1. |
| Abstract: Heat transfer through building envelope components is
typically characterized by one number, the conductance. Such a characterization is best
suited for homogeneous samples since it does not quantify or illustrate spatial variations
within a sample. However, the growing use of advanced wall and window insulations with
existing framing materials has increased the importance of understanding spatial heat
transfer effects within building envelope components. An infrared thermography laboratory
has been established to provide detailed quantitative and qualitative infor-mation on the
spatial heat transfer effects of building envelope materials. The use of this facility for
more effective product development and more accurate product characterization is
discussed. |
||
| TA 285 LBL-32091 |
WINDOW 4.0: Program Description, Windows & Daylighting, March 1992 | LBL Report. |
| TA 283 LBL-29629 |
Thermal and Optical Analysis of Switchable Window Glazings, Reilly S., D. Arasteh, S. Selkowitz, | Solar Energy Materials 22 (1991) pp. 1-14, North Holland, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. |
| TA 278 LBL-30498 |
Design Options for Low-Conductivity Window Frames, Byars N. and D. Arasteh, | Solar Energy Mater. and Solar Cells 25 (1992) 143-148, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. |
| TA 275 LBL-29389 |
The Effects of Infrared Absorbing Gasses on Window Heat Transfer: A Comparison of Theory and Experiment, Reilly M.S., D. Arasteh, M . Rubin, Nov.1989 | Solar Energy Materials. |
| TA 269 LBL-26068 |
Analysis of Frame and Edge Heat Transfer in Residential Windows, Arasteh D., 10/1/89 | TPEEB IV, 12/89. |
| TA 265 LBL-26069 |
A Superwindow Field Demonstration Program in Northwest Montana, Arasteh D., Selkowitz S., 9/1/89 | Therman Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings IV Conference Proceedings, December 4-7, 1989, Orlando, Florida. |
| Abstract: Of all building envelope elements, windows always have
had the highest heat loss rates. However, recent advances in window technologies such as
low-emissivity (low-E) coatings and low-conductivity gas fillings have begun to change the
status of windows in the building energy equation, raising the average R-value (resistance
to heat flow) from 2 to 4 h-ft2-ûF/Btu. Building on this trend and using a novel
combination of low-E coatings, gas-fills, and three glazing layers, the authors developed
a design concept for R-6 to R-10 "super" windows. Three major window
manufacturers produced prototype superwindows based on this design for testing and
demonstration in three utility-sponsored and -monitored energy-conserving homes in
northwestern Montana. This paper discusses the design and tested performance of these
three windows and identifies areas requiring further research if these window concepts are
to be successfully developed for mass markets. |
||
| TA 264 LBL-27534 |
A Versatile Procedure for Calculating Heat Transfer Through Windows., Arasteh, Reilly, Rubin, 5/1/89 | ASHRAE Meeting in Van Couver, VC, Canada, June 1989. |
| TA 259 LBL-26552 |
Effects of Glazing and Ventilation Options on Automobile Air Conditioner Size and Performance, Sullivan R., 12/01/88 | SAE Technical Paper Series. |
| TA 257 LBL-24903 |
The Design and Testing of a Highly Insulating Glazing System for use with Conventional Window Systems., Arasteh D., S. Selkowitz, J .Wolfe, 11/01/88 | Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Vol 111 (1989), pp. 44-53. |
| TA 250 LBL-25148 |
WINDOW 3.1: A Computer Tool for Analyzing Window Thermal Performance (description, program is TA-212), Reilly S. and D. Arasteh, 4/1/88 | 13th National Passive Solar Conference, June 18-24, 1988, Cambridge, MA. |
| TA 239 LBL-21576 |
Experimental Verification of a Model of Heat Transfer Through Windows, Arasteh D., J. Hartmann, and M. Rubin, 12/1/86 | ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Symposium on Fenestration Performance, New York City, NY, January 18-21, 1987. |
| TA 233 LBL-20543 |
Solar-Optical Properties of Multilayer Fenestration Systems, Papamichael, Winkelmann, 11/01/86 | IDC Technical Proceedings. |
| TA 212 LBL-25686 |
WINDOW 3.1: A PC Program for Analyzing Window Thermal Performance (Program Disk and Tutorial), Arasteh D., and M.S.Reilly, 10/01/88 | LBL Report. |
| TA 208 LBL-20348 |
Detailed Thermal Performance Data on Conventional and Gighly Insulating Window Systems, Arasteh D., S. Selkowitz, and J .Hartman, 1/1/86 | ASHRAE/DOE/BTECC Conference, Clearwater Beach, FL, December 2-5, 1985. |
| TA 196 LBL-19492 |
Prospects for Highly Insulating Window Systems, Arasteh D.and S. Selkowitz, 4/1/85 | Conservation in Buildings: Northwest Perspective, Butte, MT, May 19-22, 1985 (sponsored by the National Center for Appropriate Technology). |
| TA 142 LBL-16154 |
New Tools for Analyzing Thermal and Daylighting Performance of Fenestration in Multistory Buildings., Selkowitz S., | Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Design of Multistory Buildings for Physical and Environmental Performance, Sydney, Australia, June 1-3, 1983. |
| TA 136 LBL-15440 |
Windows for Accepting or Rejecting Solar Heat Gain: Final Report, Peck John F., Thompson T. Lewis, and Kessler Helen J., | LBL Report. |
| TA 135 LBL-14517 |
New Models for Analyzing the Thermal and Daylighting Performance of Fenestration., Selkowitz S. and Winkelmann F., | ASHRAE Transactions 88(1) (1982). |
| TA 121 LBL-14369 |
Energy Conservation through Interior Shading of Windows: An Analysis, Test and Evaluation of Reflective Venetian Blinds. , VanDyck L. and T. Konen. , March 1982 | LBL Report. |
| TA 94 LBL-12288 |
Thermal Performance of Windows Having High Solar Transmittance, M. Rubin and S. Selkowitz, July 1981., Rubin M. and Selkowitz S., | Proceedings of the 6th National Passive Solar Conference, J. Hayes, W. Kolar, eds., pp. 141-145, American Section, International Solar Energy Society, Inc. (1981). |
| TA 91 LBL-12891 |
Methods of Estimating Air Infiltration through Windows., Klems J., June 1981 | Energy and Buildings 5 (1983):243-252. |
| TA 84 LBL-12486 |
Calculating Heat Transfer Through Windows, M. Rubin, May 1981. , Rubin M., May 1981 | International Journal of Energy Research 6 (4):341-349 (1982). |
| TA 83 LBL-12065 |
Testing of Air-Flow Windows for Evaluation and Application., Boehm R.F. and Brandle K., | Proceedings of ASME Solar Energy Division Conference, Reno, NV, April 27-May 1, 1981. |
| TA 76 LBL-07811 |
Some Analytical Models of Passive Solar Building Performance, Goldstein, 11/01/78 | |
| TA 69 LBL-11408 |
Transparent Heat Mirrors for Windoows: Thermal Performance, Rubin, Creswick, Selkowitz, 10/01/80 | Proceedings of the 5th National Passive Solar Conference, J. Hayes, R. Snyder, eds., pp. 990-994, American Section, International Solar Energy Society, Inc. (1980). |
| TA 68 LBL-11111 |
Air Leakage of Newly Installed Residential Windows, Weidt, 06/01/80 | LBL Report. |
| TA 49 LBL-09937 |
Field Air Leakage of Newly Installed Residential Windows, Weidt, Selkowitz, 12/01/79 | ASHRAE Transactions 85(1):149-159 (1981). |
| TA 48 LBL-12246 |
Solar Optical Properties of Windows, Rubin M, 04/01/82 | International Journal of Energy Research 6 (1982):123-133. |
| TA 47 LBL-09933 |
Thermal Performance of Managed Window Systems, S.ÊSelkowitz and V. Bazjanac, December 1979. , Selkowitz S. and Bazjanac V., | ASHRAE Transactions 85(1):392-408 (1981). |
| TA 45 LBL-09787 |
A Simple Method for Computing the Dynamic Response of Passive Solar Buildings to Design Weather Conditions. , Goldstein D. and Lokmanhekim, September 1979 | Alternative Energy Sources II, T. Veziroglu, ed., Washington, D.C.: Hempisphere Publishing Corp. (1981). |
| TA 44 LBL-09803 |
A Calibrated Hotbox for Testing Window Systems - Construction, Calibration, and Measurements on Prototype High-Performance Windows. , Klems J., 1979 | ASHRAE Transactions 85(1):930-941 (1981). |
| TA 38 LBL-09654 |
Average Transmittance Factors for Multiple Glazed Window Systems. , Selkowitz S., Rubin M., and Crenswick R., October 1979 | Proceedings of the 4th National Passive Solar Conference, pp. 383-386, G. Franta, ed., American Section, International Solar Energy Society, Inc. (1979). |
| TA 32 LBL-09371 |
Design Calculations for Passive Solar Buildings by a Programmable Hand Calculator. , Goldstein D., R. Clear, and M. Lokmanhekim., August 1979 | LBL Report. |
| TA 30 LBL-08835 |
Thermal Performance of Insulating Window Systems, Selkowitz, 06/01/79 | ASHRAE Transactions 85(2) Sec. De-79-5 (1981). |
| TA 16 LBL-08583 |
Modeling Passive Solar Buildings with Hand Calculations, Goldstein, 01/01/79 | Proceedings of the 3rd National Passive Solar Conference, H. Miller, M. Riordan, D. Richards, eds., pp. 164-169. American Section, International Solar Energy Society, Inc. (1979). |
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The Building Technologies Program is one of three research groups coordinated under the Center for Building Science located within the Energy & Environment Division at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Table Generated: Tue Sep 9 14:19:38 1997.
URL - http://eande.lbl.gov/BTP/pub/TApub.html