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Chemical Sampling Information |
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| Hydrogen Chloride |
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General Description
Synonyms: Anhydrous hydrogen chloride; Hydrochloric acid, anhydrous; HCl
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 1430
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 7647-01-0
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: MW4025000
Department of Transportation Regulation Number (49 CFR 172.101) and Guide: 1050 125 [27 KB PDF] (anhydrous);
1789 157 [27 KB PDF] (solution)
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Hydrogen Chloride: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- 5 ppm, 7 mg/m3 Ceiling
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A -- 5 ppm, 7 mg/m3 Ceiling
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards -- 5 ppm, 7 mg/m3 Ceiling
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 2 ppm, 3 mg/m3 Ceiling
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 5 ppm, 7 mg/m3 Ceiling
Health Factors
NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 50 ppm
Potential symptoms: Irritation of nose, throat, larynx; cough, sore throat, choking; sneezing, hoarseness, respiratory tract irritation; bleeding of nose and gums, ulceration of the nasal and oral mucosa, bronchitis, pneumonia, dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and pulmonary edema; headache; eye, skin burns; dermatitis; frostbite (on contact with liquid); yellowing and breaking of teeth.
Health Effects: Irritation—Eye, Nose, Throat, Skin---Marked (HE14); Lung edema, airways obstruction, destruction of nasal passages (HE11); Dental erosion (HE3); Blindness; loss of voice; potential neurobehavioral dysfunction (HE4).
Affected organs: CNS, Respiratory system, skin, eyes
Notes:
- Hydrochloric acid is listed by the FDA as a multiple purpose food substance generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used as a buffer and neutralizing agent in accordance with good manufacturing practice (21 CFR 182.1057).
- EPA’s reference concentration (daily inhalational exposure likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious noncancer effects during a lifetime) for hydrogen chloride is 0.02 mg/m3.
- Mixing hydrochloric acid with a sodium hypochlorite solution (bleach) may lead to the production of chlorine gas and severe respiratory effects.
Date Last Revised: 5/22/2007
Literature Basis:
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Hydrogen Chloride.
- International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Hydrogen chloride.
- EPA Air Toxics Website: Hydrochloric Acid (Hydrogen Chloride). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
- Gorguner, M., Aslan, S., Inandi, T. and Cakir, Z.: Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome in housewives due to a bleach-hydrochloric acid mixture. Inhal. Toxicol. 16(2): 87-91, 2004.
- Kilburn, K.H.: Effects of a hydrochloric acid spill on neurobehavioral and pulmonary function. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 38 (10): 1018-1025, 1996.
- Micric, M. and Plavec, D.: Risk of acute bronchospasm and bronchial hyperreactivity from inhaled acid aerosol in healthy subjects: randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Croat. Med. J. 45(6): 709-714, 2004.
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Hydrogen Chloride. In, Sittig’s Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1276-1279.
- Wiegand, A. and Attin, T.: Occupational dental erosion from exposure to acids—a review. Occup. Med. (Lond.) 57(3): 169-176, 2007.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
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sampling media: specially cleaned silica gel tube (400/200 mg sections with glass fiber filter) (Supelco, ORBO-53; SKC, 226-10-03; or equivalent)
minimum volume: 2.5 liters
maximum volume: 7.5 Liters (Ceiling) maximum flow rate: 0.5 L/min
current analytical method: Ion Chromatography; IC
method reference: OSHA Manual of Analytical Methods (OSHA ID-174SG)
method classification: Partially Validated
note: Submit as a separate sample, however, hydrogen bromide can be analyzed from the same sample. The sample is analyzed for chloride (or bromide, if requested) and the result reported as the acid. Make sure that the glass fiber filter plug is firmly in contact with the silica gel before and after sampling. Report the presence of chloride (or bromide) salts to the analytical laboratory.
On-Site Sampling/Analytical Methods:
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device: Detector Tube
manufacturer: Gastec
model/type: 14L
sampling information: 0.5 to 5 strokes
upper measurement limit: 76 ppm
detection limit: 0.05 ppm
overall uncertainty: 16.4% for 1 to 5 ppm, 8.2 % for 5 to 20 ppm
method reference: on-site air secondary (SEI Certified)
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device: Detector Tube
manufacturer: Matheson-Kitagawa
model/type: 8014-173SB
sampling information: follow manufacturer's instructions
upper measurement limit: 40 ppm
detection limit: 0.4 ppm
overall uncertainty: unknown
method reference: on-site air secondary (SEI Certified)
Wipe sampling:
media for liquid solutions: Whatman smear tab
analytical solvent: Deionized Water
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