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ContentsContributors ixSymbols and abbreviations xiDetailed contents xix 1 Introduction 1 2 Coping with patients and parents 5 3 Neonatal emergencies 17 4 Resuscitation 49 5 Shock 91 6 Trauma 99 7 Environmental conditions 117 8 Febrile illness 133 9 Ingestion 15910 Cardiovascular 18511 Respiratory 21112 Gastroenterology 24913 Renal 27314 Urology 29115 General surgery 30116 Neurology 31317 Otolaryngology 33918 Orthopaedics 36319 Ophthalmology 37720 Gynaecology 39521 Haematology 41122 Oncology 42923 Dermatology 43924 Endocrinology 45925 Child psychiatric emergencies 47726 Biochemistry 50327 Procedures 52128 Formulary 549Appendices 1 Arrest 607 2 Normal values: respiratory and heart rates and blood pressure 611 3 Neurology 613 4 Fluids and electrolytes 617 5 Body surface area estimation and BMI 621Index 000Basic life support algorithm inside coverArrest: useful parameters inside coverContributors Symbols and abbreviationsDetailed contents1 Introduction 12 Coping with patients and parents 5 Introduction 6 Consultation 8 Dealing with the child in pain 12 3 Neonatal emergencies 17 Introduction 18 Delivery 20 Resuscitation of the newborn 22 Neonatal resuscitation: special cases 24 Discontinuing resuscitation 26 Physiological changes after birth 28 Postnatal assessment 30 The collapsed neonate 32 Neonatal cardiac conditions 34 Persistent pulmonary hypertension 36 Apnoea 38 Vomiting 40 Jaundice 42 Sepsis 44 Seizures 46 4 Resuscitation 49 Cardiopulmonary assessment of a seriously ill child 50 Paediatric basic life support (BLS) 52 Management of respiratory arrest 56 Choking children 58 Anaphylaxis 62 Paediatric advanced life support (ALS) 64 Rhythm disturbances: introduction 68 Non-shockable dysrhythmias: asystole and pulseless electrical activity 70 Defibrillator technique 72 Ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia 74 Ventricular tachycardia with pulse 76 Supraventricular tachycardia 78 Post-resuscitation care 80 Stabilization for interhospital transfer 82 Following unsuccessful resuscitation 86 Sudden unexpected death in an infant 88 5 Shock 916 Trauma 99 Assessment 100 Chest trauma 102 Abdominal trauma 106 Head injury 108 Spinal trauma 110 Limb trauma 112 7 Environmental conditions 117 Burns 118 Bites and stings 120 Hypothermia 122 Hyperthermia 124 Drowning 126 Electrocution 128 Altitude 130 Diving 132 8 Febrile illness 133 Assessment 134 Meningitis 138 Encephalitis 142 Fever without focus 144 Rashes 146 Rigors 148 Immunodeficient child with a fever 150 Protracted fever: introduction 152 Infectious mononucleosis and malaria 154 Tuberculosis (TB) 156 Notifiable diseases 158 9 Ingestion 159 Assessment 160 Slang terms used in drug abuse 162 Drugs: introduction 166 Paracetamol and aspirin 168 Antihistamines 170 ADHD medications 172 Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRI) 174 Tricyclic antidepressants 176 Lead and iron 178 Alcohols 180 Illicit drugs 182 Foreign bodies 184 10 Cardiovascular 185 Assessment 186 Cyanosis 188 Chest pain 190 Arrhythmias 192 Heart failure 194 Murmur 196 Hypertension 198 Rheumatic fever 200 Infective endocarditis 202 Kawasaki's disease 204 Myocarditis 206 ECG guide 208 11 Respiratory 211 Assessment 212 Stridor 218 Wheeze: introduction 226 Asthma 228 Other causes of wheeze 236 Tachypnoea 238 Cough: introduction 244 Whooping cough 246 Haemoptysis 248 12 Gastroenterology 249 General assessment 250 Vomiting and GOR 252 Diarrhoea 256 Faltering growth 260 Hepatosplenomegaly 262 Jaundice: overview 264 Hepatic causes of jaundice 266 Liver failure 268 Constipation 270 Pancreatitis 272 13 Renal 273 Renal colic 274 Urinary tract infection 276 Dysuria and urinary frequency 280 Haematuria 282 Proteinuria 284 Renal failure 286 Hypertension 288 14 Urology 291 Trauma of urinary tract 292 Painful (acute) scrotum 294 Urinary retention 296 Priapism 298 Paraphimosis and balanoprosthitis 300 15 General surgery 301 Intestinal obstruction: overview 302 Pyloric stenosis and intussusception 304 Acute abdomen 306 Gastrointestinal bleeding 308 Abscess 310 Recommended further reading 312 16 Neurology 313 Assessment 314 Seizures 316 Altered level of consciousness 320 Headache 322 Weakness 324 Ataxia 326 Dizziness 328 Abnormal movements 330 Palsies 332 Big head 334 Shunt malfunctions 336 17 Otolaryngology 339 Examination 340 Earache 342 Acute sore throat 346 Drooling (acute onset) 348 Foreign bodies 350 Epistaxis 352 Trauma 354 Acute sinusitis 356 Neck lumps 358 Acute facial nerve palsy (lower motor neuron) 360 18 Orthopaedics 363 Assessment 364 Limp 366 Infection 368 Joint pain: overview 370 Chronic joint pain 372 Joint-specific conditions 374 19 Ophthalmology 377 Cross-section of the eye 378 Assessment 380 Trauma 382 The red eye 384 Lids 386 Orbital disease 388 Leucocoria and corneal opacity 390 Squints and neuro-ophthalmology 392 Useful lists 394 20 Gynaecology 395 Assessment 396 Congenital conditions 398 Vulvovaginitis 400 Vaginal discharge 402 Vaginal bleeding 404 Sexually transmitted diseases 406 Pregnancy 408 21 Haematology 411 Anaemia 412 Haemoglobinopathies: sickle cell anaemia 416 Haemoglobinopathies: thalassaemia 420 Bleeding and bruising 422 Haemophilia 426 22 Oncology 429 Acute leukaemia 430 Febrile neutropenia 432 Superior vena cava compression 434 Tumour lysis syndrome 436 Spinal cord compression 438 23 Dermatology 439 Assessment 440 Purpura 442 Blistering 444 Generalized pustular rashes 446 Erythroderma 448 Atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) 450 Exanthems 452 Urticaria and angioedema 454 Infantile haemangiomas 456 Fungal kerion of the scalp 458 24 Endocrinology 459 Diabetic ketoacidosis 460 Newly diagnosed diabetes 464 Hypoglycaemia in the diabetic child 466 Adrenal crisis 468 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) 470 Hypoglycaemia in the non-diabetic child 472 Acute diabetes insipidus 474 Thyrotoxic storm 476 25 Child psychiatric emergencies 477 Introduction 478 Assessment and mental state examination 480 Hints on psychiatric interviewing 482 Delirium and acute confusional states 484 Hallucinations 486 Suicidal behaviour and deliberate self-harm 488 Aggression and the assaultative patient 490 Acute psychological trauma 492 Child abuse 494 Fabricated and induced illness (FII) 496 Somatizing and conversion disorders 498 Eating disorders 500 Medico-legal aspects 502 26 Biochemistry 503 Glucose 504 Sodium 506 Potassium 508 Calcium 510 Magnesium 512 Urea and uric acid 514 Ammonia 516 Acid-base metabolism 518 27 Procedures 521 General principles 522 Venepuncture and cannulation 526 Central access 528 Umbilical access 530 Arterial access 532 Intraosseous access 534 Lumbar puncture 536 Suprapubic aspiration 538 Endotracheal intubation 540 Cricothyroidotomy 542 Chest drains 544 Femoral nerve block 546 28 Formulary 549 Introduction 550 Analgesia 552 Sedation 554 Commonly used antibiotics 556 Steroid potencies 560 Drug index 562 Appendices 29 Arrest 60730 Normal values: respiratory and heart rates and blood pressure 61131 Neurology 613Children's modified GCS and AVPU 614 Developmental milestones 616 32 Fluids and electrolytes 61733 Body surface area estimation and BMI 621Index 000 Basic life support algorithm inside cover Arrest: useful parameters inside cover
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Pediatric emergencies -- Handbooks, manuals, etc.
Neonatology -- Handbooks, manuals, etc.
Emergency Treatment -- methods -- Handbooks.
Child.
Emergencies -- Handbooks.
Infant.
Intensive Care, Neonatal -- methods -- Handbooks.