LOCATION MAYVILLE WI+ILEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Mayville silt loam - on a 4 percent slope in a pasture at an elevation of about 1,040 feet above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 6 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. (6 to 9 inches thick)
E--6 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; moderate medium platy structure; very friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
BE--8 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 4 inches thick)
Bt1--12 to 24 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; few fine faint and distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4 and 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the lower part of the horizon; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--24 to 28 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; few medium faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) iron-manganese accumulations in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons ranges from 12 to 30 inches.)
2Bt3--28 to 32 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam in the lower part; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; few medium faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) iron-manganese accumulations in the matrix; about 3 percent gravel; slightly effervescent in the lower part; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (3 to 12 inches thick)
2C--32 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) gravelly sandy loam; massive; friable; few medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) masses of oxidized iron and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; about 17 percent gravel and 1 percent cobbles; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Washington County, Wisconsin; about 2 miles north of Hartford; 1,450 feet south and 210 feet east from the northwest corner of sec. 8, T. 10 N., R. 18 E. USGS Hartford West Wisconsin topographic quadrangle; Lat. 43 degrees 21 minutes 00 seconds north; Long. 88 degrees 23 minutes 51 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16T, 0386731 easting 480063 northing, NAD 83..
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the argillic horizon ranges from 24 to 44 inches. Thickness of the loess mantle ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Depth to carbonates ranges from 20 to 40 inches. The particle-size control section averages 27 to 35 percent clay. Rock fragments typically are absent in the loess mantle. Volume of gravel ranges from 3 to 30 percent and volume of cobbles ranges from 0 to 5 percent in the till. Volume of stones ranges from 0 to 1 percent throughout the soil. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral in the most of the solum but ranges to slightly alkaline in the lower part in some pedons. Reaction is slightly or moderately alkaline in the substratum. Redox features and saturation occur within a depth of 40 inches. Redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less are below the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 to 3. Value dry is 6 or more. Uncultivated pedons have an A horizon with hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture of the Ap or A horizon is silt loam.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is silt loam.
The BE horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is silt loam.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR and value and chroma of 3 or 4. Value and chroma of 3 do not occur together. Texture is dominantly silty clay loam but some pedons have subhorizons of silt loam.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is clay loam, sandy clay loam, or loam. A thin organic matter and clay rich 2Bt horizon (Beta B") with value and chroma of 2 or 3 is present in many pedons just above the 2C horizon. Carbonates are in the lower part of the 2Bt horizon in some pedons.
The 2C horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam, or the gravelly analogues of these textures. Clay content is less than 20 percent.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Baraboo, Birkbeck, Cadiz, Campton, Elco, Eleroy, Hedrick, Homen, Inton, Iona, Libre, Minnith, Newvienna, Redbud, Rocheport, Rockfield, Somonauk, Uniontown, Winfield, and Zurich series. Baraboo soils have a lithic contact with quartzite at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. Birkbeck soils have a loess mantle more than 40 inches thick to the discontinuity with till and are more than 40 inches deep to carbonates. Cadiz soils have more than 27 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section. Campton soils are more than 40 inches deep to carbonates. Elco, Hedrick, Homer, Inton, Libre, Minnith, Newvienna, and Winfield soils do not have carbonates within the series control section. Eleroy and Rocheport soils have a paralithic contact at a depth of 40 to 60 inches. Iona and Uniontown soils have more than 50 percent silt and less than 10 percent sand throughout the series control section. Morningsun and Somonauk soils are more than 40 inches deep to carbonates. Redbud soils have more than 20 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section and are more than 40 inches deep to carbonates. Rockfield soils have a densic contact in the lower part of the series control section. Zurich soil are stratified in the lower part of the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Mayville soils typically are on ground moraines. Slopes range from 0 to 15 percent. The soils formed in loess and in the underlying till. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 37 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 46 to 52 degrees F. The frost free period ranges from about 120 to 180 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Dodge, Lamartine, and St. Charles, soils. The well drained Dodge soils and the somewhat poorly drained Lamartine soils form a drainage sequence with Mayville soils. St. Charles soils occupy contiguous areas of similar slopes where loess thickens to greater than 40 inches.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. The potential for surface runoff is low or medium. Permeability is moderate in the solum and moderately slow in the substratum. Mayville soils have a perched seasonal high water table at a depth of 2.0 to 3.5 feet for 1 month or more per year, at some time during November to April, in 6 or more out of 10 years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Much of the soil is used for cropland. Common crops are corn, small grain, and hay. Some canning crops such as peas and sweet corn are also grown. Native vegetation is primarily deciduous forest. Common trees are northern red oak, white oak, American basswood, sugar maple, white ash, and bitternut hickory.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southeastern Wisconsin and northeastern and central Illinois. These soils are of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Washington County, Wisconsin, 1967.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 12 inches (Ap, E, BE); argillic horizon - 12 to 32 inches (Bt1, Bt2, and 2Bt3); oxyaquic feature - redox features and saturation within 40 inches.