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The Digital SAR Mosaic and Elevation Map of the Greenland Ice Sheet
CD-ROM combines the most detailed synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image
mosaic available with the best current digital elevation model. The
mosaic image shows both the location of the ice edge and the
distribution of melt-related 'scatterers' on the surface. These
scatterers include ice lenses and complex layered structure in the
percolation zone and bare ice of the ablation zone. Other melt-related
features that can be seen include lake and surface meltwater stream
channels at lower elevations, as well as ice-marginal lakes.
This characterization of the ice sheet provides a reference against
which future change can be measured. Changing conditions resulting from
climatic variation should show up as changes in the ice margin and
shifts in the hydrologic zones. It is hoped that the standard reference
provided by this data set can facilitate activities aimed at change
detection and promote other work aimed at understanding the processes
operating on the ice sheet.
The image data are derived from SAR image swaths acquired by the ERS-1
satellite during August of 1992. The mosaic was assembled at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). Its
component images are a copyrighted product of the European Space Agency.
The mosaic, a value-added derived product, is available to individuals
and non-profit organizations for research oriented purposes only. The
Danish geodetic and cadastral agency Kort-og Matrikelstyrelsen (KMS)
compiled the elevation data provided with the product from a number of
sources, including field surveys, aerial photographs, and the ERS-1
radar altimeter. The elevation data are also provided only to
individuals and non-profit organizations for research oriented purposes.
Included with the data is NSIDC's limb (large image map browser)
software, which was developed in-house and allows UNIX users to easily
select and view portions of the mosaic image with elevation contours
derived from the elevation data overlain. Limb is provided as 'freeware'
for general use. NSIDC distributes the Digital SAR Mosaic and Elevation
Map of the Greenland Ice Sheet on CD-ROM at no charge.
Andersen, Ole Baltazar. 1994. ERS-1 altimetry on the Greenland ice sheet:
Preliminary investigations of annual variations. Geophysical
Research Letters 21(15):1655-1658.
Binschadler, R. A., and P. L. Vornberger. 1993. Interpretation of SAR
imagery of the Greenland ice sheet using coregistered TM imagery.
Remote Sensing of Environment 167-175.
Ekholm, S. 1996. A full coverage, high-resolution topographic model of
Greenland computed from a variety of digital elevation data. Journal
of Geophysical Research 101(B10):21961-21972. Ekholm, S., R. Forsberg,
and J. M. Brozena. 1995. Accuracy of satellite altimeter elevations over
the Greenland ice sheet. Journal
of Geophysical Research 100(C2):2687-2696.
Fahnestock, M. A., and R. A. Bindschadler. 1993. Description of a program
for SAR investigation of the Greenland ice sheet and an example of
margin change detection using SAR. Annals of Glaciology 39(131): 119-132.
Fahnestock, M., R. Bindschadler, R. Kwok, and K. Jezek. 1993. Greenland
ice sheet surface properties and ice dynamics from ERS-1 SAR imagery.
Science 262:1530-1534.
Fahnestock, M., R. Bindschadler, R. Kwok, and K. Jezek. 1993.
Greenland ice sheet surface properties and ice dynamics from ERS-1 SAR
imagery.Science 262: 1525-1530.
Jezek, K. C., and S. Grace. 1991. Synthetic Aperture Radar observations
of the Greenland ice sheet. EOS Suppl., p. 150.
Jezek, K. C. 1992. Spatial patterns in radar backscatter strength
across the Greenland ice sheet. EOS Suppl., p. 181.
Jezek, K. C., and S. P. Gogineni. 1992. Microwave remote sensing of the
Greenland ice sheet. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Newsletter
9:6-10.
Jezek, K. C., M. R. Drinkwater, J. P. Crawford, R. Bindschadler, and R.
Kwok. 1993. Analysis of Synthetic Aperture Radar data collected over the
southwestern Greenland ice sheet. Journal of Glaciology 39(131): 115-132.
Jezek, K. C., P. Gogineni, and M. Chanableh. 1994. Radar measurements of
melt zones on the Greenland ice sheet. Geophysical Research Letters
21(1): 33-36.
Knowles, K. 1992. Points, Pixels, Grids, and Cells: A Mapping and
Gridding Primer. Unpublished report to the National Snow and Ice Data
Center, Boulder, CO.
Rignot, E. J., S. J. Austria, J. J. V. Zyl, and K. C. Jezek. 1993.
Unusual radar echoes from the Greenland ice sheet. Science 261:1710-1713.
Rignot, E., J. V. Zyl, S. Ostro, and K. C. Jezek. 1993. Unusual radar
echoes from the percolation zone of the Greenland ice sheet. EOS Suppl.,
p. 247.
Rignot, E. 1995. Backscatter model for the unusual radar properties of
the Greenland ice sheet. Journal of Geophysical Research 100(E5):
9389-9400.
Simonett, D. S., F. T. Ulaby, J. E. Estes, and G. A. Thorley, eds. 1983.
Manual of remote sensing, Falls Church, Virginia: American Society of
Photogrammetry.
Vornberger, P. L., and R. A. Bindschadler. 1992. Multi-spectral analysis
of ice sheets using co-registered SAR and TM imagery.
International Journal of Remote Sensing 13(4): 637-645.
Zwally, R. A. Bindschadler, A. C. Brenner, and R. H. Thomas. 1983.
Surface elevation contours of Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets.
Journal of Geophysical Research 88: 1589-1596.
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CIRES, 449 UCB
University of Colorado
CIRES, 449 UCB
University of Colorado
While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable
within the limits of the current state of the art, NSIDC cannot assume liability for
any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the
failure of the data to function on a particular system. NSIDC makes no warranty,
expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.
CIRES, 449 UCB
University of Colorado