Analysis of Selected Issues in Workers' Compensation
James R. Chelius and Robert S. Smith
1985. 81 p. Contract awarded in FY 1985 to Chelius and Smith, 157
Brightwood Avenue, Westfield, NJ 07090.
Small firms do not generally pay unreasonably high prices for workers' compensation, but are more likely to be unable to find insurance in the voluntary market. The study recommends that alternatives should be available to small businesses, such as increased insurer flexibility.
NTIS order number:
PB94-126893
Price codes:
A03 (Paper)
A01 (Microfiche)
RS number: 141
Aspects of Labor Market Turnover and the Imp of Fringe Benefits in Small and Large Firms
Sheldon Haber
1993. 58p. Contract awarded in FY 1988 to Sheldon Ha 11716
Magruder Lane, Rockville, MD 20852.
Data from the Census Bureau's Survey of Income and Program
Participation and the May 1988 Current Population Survey were
used by this study to answer such questions as: How different are
turnover rates large and small firms? Do workers who leave small
and large firms find employment in firms of similar size? Do
more workers shift from small to large firms than from large to
small firms? The study found a significantly higher turnover
rate in small firms than in large firms--1 5.2 percent and 9.0
percent, respectively. Two-thirds of those who left small firms
found jobs in another small firm, and 57.4 percent of large firm
"leavers" found jobs in large firms.
NTIS order number:
PB84-182708
Price codes:
A10 (Paper)
A01 (Microfiche)
RS number: 72
Coverage, Characteristics, Administration, and Costs of Pension and Health Care Benefits in Small Businesses
James Bell and David Kennell
1984. 214p. Contract awarded in FY 1982 to James Bell & Associates, 1700 N. Moore Street, Arlington, VA 22209.
In 1977, this report found that 77 percent of employees in establishments with fewer than 100 employees were covered by health plans, compared with 97 percent in establishments with more than 100 employees. For pension plans, the percentage of firms having them was 47 percent among the smaller firms and 87 percent among the larger firms. The cost to small businesses for these plans was double.
NTIS order number:
PB87-194767
Price codes:
A06 (Paper)
A01 (Microfiche)
RS number: 69
Health Care Coverage and Costs in Small and Large Businesses
Robert J. Rubin
1987. 123p. Contract awarded in FY 1985 to ICF, Inc., 1850 K
Street NW, Washington, DC 20006.
Only 55 percent of firms with fewer than 100 workers offer health insurance to their employees, while large firm coverage is nearly universal, according to this study. About 91 percent of workers are in firms that have plans, although not all are eligible or elect coverage. Premium costs are 10 percent higher in small firms.
NTIS order number:
PBB5-240182
Price codes:
A03 (Paper)
A01 (Microfiche)
Issues Relating to Small Business Pension Plans
Christopher Niemczewski
1985. 43p. Contract awarded in FY 1985 to Justin Research
Associates, 1331 H Street NW, Suite S-700, Washington, DC 20004.
Based upon a limited survey, the author found that small businesses often lack pension plans due to complex and changing federal regulations, inadequate pension plan information, lack of stable revenues and profits, and perceptions of expense.
NTIS order number:
PB91-146167
Price codes:
A06 (Paper)
A01 (Microfiche)
RS number: 99
Leave Policies in Small Business: Findings from the U.S. Small Business Administration Employee Leave Survey
William T. Alpert and Eileen Trzcinski
1990. 119p. Contract awarded in FY 1987 to Cornell University,
Consumer Economics and Housing, Ithaca, NY and University of
Connecticut, Department of Economics, Storrs, CT.
This study gathered basic quantitative information on formal and informal leave options available to employees in 1988. Most employers used a combination of paid sick leave, short-term disability leave, unpaid sick leave, and vacation leave to accommodate illness and pregnancy or childbirth among employees and their families. Very few firms offered separate maternity or child care leave.
NTIS order number:
PB92-101930
Price codes:
A06 (Paper)
A02 (Microfiche)
RS number: 105
Minimum Wage Youth: State Laws and Small Business
Bradley R. Schiller
1989. 115p. Contract awarded in FY 1988 to Capitol Research,
Inc., 4323 Hawthorne Street NW, Washington, DC 20016.
The study had three goals: (1) identify state minimum wage laws
that most directly affect young workers; (2) assess the effect of
state minimum wage laws on the hiring, training, and wage growth
of young workers; and (3) provide an overview of the
characteristics of young minimum wage workers, their jobs, and
their importance to small business. The study found that although most states supplement federal minimum wage coverage, most
young workers do not benefit from higher state-imposed wage
floors because of widespread exemptions.
NTIS order number:
PB82-149329
Price codes:
A03 (Paper)
A01 (Microfiche)
RS number: 16
National Health Insurance and Small Business: A Preliminary Analysis
Peter Dorman
1981. 27p. Contract awarded in FY 1980 to the University of
Massachusetts, Department of Economics, Amherst, MA 01003.
Providers of health insurance discount to large groups by as much as 15 to 20 percent. The labor-intensive nature of small business made health insurance relatively more expensive. Small firms do not have the market power to pass on extra payroll costs.
NTIS order number:
PB90-171463
Price codes:
A04 (Paper)
A01 (Microfiche)
Profit Sharing and Employment Stability
James Chelius and Robert S. Smith
1989. 53p. Contract awarded in FY 1988 to the National
Foundation for Unemployment Compensation and Workers'
Compensation, 820 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20024.
The study shows some evidence that, other things being equal, profit sharing tends to reduce the probability of a layoff. Almost 4,000 businesses were surveyed, providing information on employment, wage, product price and sales volume changes in 1987. The resulting data show a marginal statistical significance that workers whose pay is partially in the form of profit sharing have greater job security in the face of business downturns.
NTIS order number:
PB92-183607
Price codes:
A09(Paper)
A02 (Microfiche)
RS number: 126
Programs to Improve Health Insurance Access for Small Business- What Works and What Doesn't
Joanna Burnette and Zachary Dyckman
1992. 187p. Contract awarded in FY 1990 to Center for Health
Policy Studies, 9700 Patuxent Woods Drive, Suite 100, Columbia,
MD 21046.
The study identified and reviewed the characteristics of 27 programs that have been successful or show promise of success in expanding health insurance coverage for small firms. Successful program initiatives had several characteristics in common, including attractive benefit designs similar to traditional benefit plans, aggressive and creative marketing, and relatively low employer premium rates.
NTIS order number:
PB93-115137
Price codes:
A11 (Paper)
A03 (Microfiche)
RS number: 130
Retirement Plan Coverage in Small and Large Firms
Arnold T. Brooks, David L. Kennell, and Terry Savela
1992. 286p. Contract awarded in FY 1989 to Lewin/ICF, 1090
Vermont Avenue NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC
20005.
In 1990, 64.1 percent of workers were employed by firms that
sponsored a retirement plan. A lesser 41.8 percent of workers
were participants in their employer's plan in 1990. Both
availability and coverage are directly related to the size of a
firm. The smallest firms (those with 1 to 24 employees) had the
lowest estimated availability and coverage rates--17.8 percent
and 12.8 percent, respectively. The largest firms (those with
500 or more employees) had the highest availability and coverage
rates--96.5 percent and 61.8 percent, respectively.
NTIS order number:
PB88-214010
Price codes:
A08 (Paper)
A01 (Microfiche)
RS number: 85
Small Business Options for Child Care
Victor Rubin, David Drury, Phyllis Weinstock, and Carol
Chetkovich
1988. 162p. Contract awarded in FY 1987 to Berkeley Planning
Associates, 3200 Adeline Street, Berkeley, CA 94703,
Four categories of employer-sponsored child care were studied in this paper: reimbursement plans, child care centers near the workplace, information and referral services, and flexible work policies. It was found that small firms have not participated in such plans as much as larger firms.
NTIS order number:
PB86-188786
Price codes:
A06 (Paper)
A01 (Microfiche)
RS number: 74
Workers' Compensation Costs by Firm Size
James R. Chelius and Robert S. Smith
1985. 124p. Contract awarded in FY 1983 to Center for Naval
Analyses, 4401 Ford Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22302
This study sought to determine whether the financial burden of
workers' compensation insurance is greater on small businesses
than their larger counterparts. It concluded that it is not,
though the rigidity of the regulatory environment often leads to
severely limited choices. Deregulation would encourage options
such as experience rating of small businesses, differential
prices by firm size, and innovative pricing arrangements not yet
conceived.