| Table |
| 1 |
Key Features of Welfare-to-Work Programs in Los Angeles |
| 2 |
Two-Year Impacts on Employment, Earnings, Welfare, and Food Stamps for Single Parents |
| 3 |
Impacts on Job Characteristics at the End of Year 2 for Single Parents |
| 4 |
Impacts on Child Care Use During Current or Most Recent Job for Single Parents Overall and by Age of Youngest Child at Random Assignment |
| 5 |
Impacts on Maternal Reports of Child Outcomes for Children of Single Parents, by Child's Age at Random Assignment |
| 6 |
Comparison of Jobs-First GAIN's Impacts with Los Angeles GAIN's Impacts |
| 7 |
Two-Year Impacts on Employment, Earnings, Welfare, and Food Stamps for Members of Two-Parent Families |
| 1.1 |
Selected Characteristics of Los Angeles GAIN, Jobs-First GAIN, and CalWORKs |
| 1.2 |
Characteristics of the Program Environment, Los Angeles County |
| 1.3 |
Overview of Sample Sizes, by Assistance Category, Enrollment Status, and Research Group |
| 1.4 |
Demographic Characteristics of the Full Sample |
| 2.1 |
Rates of Participation and Status Within Two Years of Orientation for AFDC-FG Experimental Group Members |
| 2.2 |
Participation Patterns Within Two Years of Orientation for AFDC-FG Experimental Group Members Who Participated in Jobs-First GAIN Activities |
| 2.3 |
Rates of Participation and Status Among AFDC-FG Experimental Group Members Within Two Years of Orientation, by Region and Subgroup |
| 2.4 |
Two-Year Impacts on Rates and Total Hours of Participation in Jobs-First GAIN and non-Jobs-First GAIN Activities for AFDC-FGs |
| 2.5 |
Rates of Participation and Status Within Two Years of Orientation for AFDC-U Experimental Group Members |
| 2.6 |
Rates of Participation and Status Among AFDC-U Experimental Group Members Within TwoYears of Orientation, by Region and Subgroup |
| 3.1 |
Estimated Unit Costs of Employment-Related Activities per AFDC-FG Experimental and Control Group Member (in 1998 Dollars) |
| 3.2 |
Estimated Costs per AFDC-FG Experimental and Control Group Member Within Two Years of Orientation, by Agency (in 1998 Dollars) |
| 3.3 |
Estimated Costs per AFDC-U Experimental and Control Group Member Within Two Years of Orientation, by Agency (in 1998 Dollars) |
| 4.1 |
Two-Year Impacts on Employment, Earnings, AFDC/TANF, Food Stamps, and Combined Income for AFDC-FGs |
| 4.2 |
Impacts on Measures of Employment Stability and Earnings Growth in Years 1 and 2 for AFDC-FGs |
| 4.3 |
Impacts on Employment and Earnings for AFDC-FGs Based on Survey Data |
| 4.4 |
Characteristics of First and Current Job for AFDC-FGs Who Worked for Pay After Random Assignment |
| 4.5 |
Comparison of Jobs-First GAIN's Impacts and the Impacts of Los Angeles GAIN, Riverside GAIN, and Riverside LFA for AFDC-FGs |
| 4.6 |
Impacts on Employment, Earnings, and AFDC/TANF Payments and Receipt for AFDC-FGs, by Region and Subgroup |
| 5.1 |
Impacts on Employment and AFDC/TANF Status of AFDC-FGs and on Measured Income from Other Household Members at the End of Year 2 |
| 5.2 |
Impacts on Measured Income at the End of Year 2 for AFDC-FGs |
| 5.3 |
Impacts on Receipt of Various Types of Income for AFDC-FG Respondents and Other Household Members at the End of Year 2 |
| 5.4 |
Impacts on Medical Coverage and Receipt of Noncash Benefits for AFDC-FGs |
| 5.5 |
Impacts on Housing Situation, Food Insecurity, and Quality of Life of AFDC-FGs in Year 2 |
| 6.1 |
Impacts on Use and Cost of Child Care and Child Care Assistance for AFDC-FGs |
| 6.2 |
Use, Cost, and Reliability of Child Care for AFDC-FGs, by Age of Youngest Child |
| 6.3 |
Impacts on Household Composition and Home Environment for AFDC-FGs |
| 6.4 |
Impacts on Maternal Reports of Child Outcomes for Children of AFDC-FGs |
| 6.5 |
Impacts on Maternal Reports of Child Outcomes for Children of AFDC-FGs, by Child Age |
| 6.6 |
Impacts on Maternal Reports of Child Outcomes for Children of AFDC-FGs, by Child Gender |
| 7.1 |
Two-Year Impacts on Employment, Earnings, AFDC/TANF, Food Stamps, and Combined Income for AFDC-Us |
| 7.2 |
Impacts on Measures of Employment Stability and Earnings Growth in Years 1 and 2 for AFDC-Us |
| 7.3 |
Impacts on Employment, Earnings, and AFDC/TANF Payments and Receipt for AFDC-Us, by Region and Subgroup |
| 8.1 |
Estimated Effects on Benefit-Cost Measures over Five Years After Random Assignment, per AFDC-FG Experimental Group Member(in 1998 Dollars) |
| 8.2 |
From the Perspective of the Welfare Sample: Estimated Monetary Gains and Losses per AFDC-FG Experimental Group Member over Two and Five Years (in 1998 Dollars) |
| 8.3 |
From the Perspective of the Government: Estimated Monetary Gains and Losses per AFDC-FG Experimental Group Member over Two and Five Years(in 1998 Dollars) |
| 8.4 |
Estimated Effects on Benefit-Cost Measures over Five Years After Random Assignment, per AFDC-U Experimental Group Member(in 1998 Dollars) |
| 8.5 |
From the Perspective of the Welfare Sample: Estimated Monetary Gains and Losses per AFDC-U Experimental Group Member over Two and Five Years(in 1998 Dollars) |
| 8.6 |
From the Perspective of the Government: Estimated Monetary Gains and Losses per AFDC-U Experimental Group Member over Two and Five Years(in 1998 Dollars) |
| |
| Figure |
| 1 |
Two-Year Impacts on Participation in Employment-Related Acitivities for Single Parents |
| 2 |
Employment and Welfare Status at the End of Years 1 and 2 for Single Parents |
| 3 |
Two-Year Impacts on Earnings Gains and Welfare Savings for Selected Subgroups of Single Parents |
| 4 |
Two-Year Impacts on Earnings Gains and Welfare Savings for Selected Subgroups of Members of Two-Parent Families |
| 1.1 |
Steps from Income Maintenance to Attendance at Jobs-First GAIN Orientation and Random Assignment |
| 3.1 |
Major Components of Gross and Net Costs for AFDC-FGs (in 1998 Dollars) |
| 3.2 |
Major Components of Gross and Net Costs for AFDC-Us (in 1998 Dollars) |
| 4.1 |
Quarterly Impacts on Earnings and AFDC/TANF Payments for AFDC-FGs |
| 4.2 |
Relative Contributions of Key Employment and Earnings Effects to the Two-Year Impacts on Quarters Employed and Total Earnings for AFDC-FGs |
| 5.1 |
Employment and AFDC/TANF Status of AFDC-FGs over Two Years |
| 5.2 |
Distribution of AFDC-FGs on Measures of Year 2 Income Relative to the Poverty Threshold |
| 6.1 |
Conceptual Model of the Possible Effects of Jobs-First GAIN on Child Outcomes |
| 7.1 |
Quarterly Impacts on Earnings and AFDC/TANF Payments for AFDC-Us |
| 7.2 |
Relative Contributions of Key Employment and Earnings Effects to the Two-Year Impacts on Employment Duration and Total Earnings for AFDC-Us |
| 7.3 |
Employment and AFDC/TANF Status at the End of Year 2 for AFDC-Us |
| 7.4 |
Relative Contributions of Key Employment and Earnings Effects to the Two-Year Impacts on Employment Duration and Total Earnings for AFDC-U Females |
| 7.5 |
Relative Contributions of Key Employment and Earnings Effects to the Two-Year Impacts on Employment Duration and Total Earnings for AFDC-U Males |
