Khmiznikov, P.K., 1937: Description of Navigation on the Laptev Sea and in the Western Part of the East Siberian Sea: 1878-1935, Hydrographic Administration of Glavsevmorput under CPC USSR.

Preface

      Navigation on the Northern Sea Route, the Laptev Sea and, in particular, the western part of the East Siberian Sea, is being developed with amazing speed. More and more new people participate in polar navigation. It seems natural they want to learn more about the weather and ice conditions encountered in past voyages. Our book is the first attempt to give answers to these questions. It does not pretend to be a detailed survey. Some voyages are only mentioned without any navigational details. In spite of the fact that some very interesting voyages occurred as long as two or three years ago, no information could have been collected. This fact seems to point to the necessity of compiling this survey to preserve the available data. Most of the manuscripts were obtained with great difficulties. As to navigation characteristics, the descriptions have been compiled as close as possible to the texts of originals. When possible, only the common nomenclature of events has been introduced. The present study places emphasis on characterizing every cruise, its navigation conditions, and the dates of passing by different locations. The rest of the events of the voyages either have not been covered at all or have only been mentioned. This has been done especially to reach the main goal of the book – to provide future navigators with information about past voyages. Managerial staff will not be satisfied with this information because the issues of cargo turnover, profitability of voyages, etc., have been covered but a little. We should express our gratitude to the former participants of voyages who gladly provided us with their manuscripts and, according to our requests, even compiled special reports from their personal records and diaries. A description of voyages on the section of the Northern Sea Route between Cape Chelyuskin and the Kolyma River mouth is provided for navigators. This description is supplied with a list of basic sources used to compile the present study. These basic sources are mostly in the form of manuscripts and ship reports preserved by institutions and individuals. The rest of the materials are published as individual articles in different scientific papers, magazines, and collections including newspapers



Table of contents

Preface5
Introduction7
I.Ancient navigation period 9
II.Scientific research expedition navigation period10
1878 - Voyages of the steam ships “Vega” and “Lena” 17
1879 - Drift of the yacht “Janetta” and voyage of its boats20
1893 - Voyage of “Fram”23
1901-1902 - Voyage of the yacht “Zarya”25
1912-1914 - Voyage of the military transport ice-breakers “Taimyr” and “Vaigatch” 38
1912-1924 - Voyage of “Mod”55
III.Expedition cargo navigation period62
1926 - Voyage of the motor-sailing schooner “Polyarnaya Zvezda” 62
1927 - Voyage of the steam ship “Kolyma”64
Voyage of the motor-sailing schooner “Polyarnaya Zvezda”71
Voyage of the motor boat “Pioneer”73
1928 - Voyage of the steam ship “Kolyma”74
Voyage of the motor-sailing schooner “Polyarnaya Zvezda”78
Voyage of the motor boat “Pioneer”82
Voyage of the motor boat “Ustiansk” 82
1929 - 1930 - Voyage of the motor boat “Pioneer”84
1931 - Voyages of the steam ship “Lenin” and motor boat “Pioneer”85
1932 - Voyage of the steam ice-breaker “Sibiryakov”88
Voyages of the river motor ship “Estapheta” and the steam ship “Lena” 90
Voyage of the motor boat “Pioneer”94
IV.Large-scale cargo navigation period99
1933 - Voyage of the ice-breaker “Krasin”101
Voyages of the steam ships “Stalin”, “Pravda”, and “Volodarsky”103
Voyage of the steam ice-breaker “Rusanov” 108
Voyages of the steam ice-breakers “Sedov” and “Sibiryakov” 109
Voyage of the steam ice-breaker “Chelyuskin”110
Voyage of the motor boat “Pervaya Pyatiletka” with lighter 113
Voyage of the steam ship “Sever” 116
Voyage of the motor-sailing boat “Pronchischev”118
Voyages of the motor-sailing boats “Laptev” and “Chelyuskin”121
Voyage of the motor-sailing boat “Temp”122
Voyages of the river steam ships “DC-1", “DC-2", “Leongard”, “Kolkhoznik”, “Revolutionary” with barges, and the steam ship “Lenin”125
Voyage of the motor boat “Pioneer”128
1934 - Voyage of the ice-breaker “Yermak” 131 Voyage of the ice-cutter “Litke”134
Voyages of the steam ships “Molotov”, “Slyako”, “Baikal” and the river steam boat “Partizan Schetinkin”136
Voyage of the steam ice-breaker “Rusanov”138
Voyage of the steam ice-breaker “Sibiryakov” 141
Voyage of the motor boat “Temp” 141
Voyage of the motor sailing boat “Laptev” 142
Voyage of the motor sailing boat “Chelyuskin” 145
Voyage of the motor ship “Pervaya Pyatiletka” 146
Voyages of the river steam ships “Henry Yagoda”, “Edward Berzin”,“Pamyat of 20 August”, and “Trety DC” with barges and the steam ship “Lenin”147
1935 - Voyage of the ice-breaker “Yermak” 150Voyage of the ice-cutter “Litke”154
Voyage of the steam ship “Kuibyshev” 157
Voyage of the steam ship “Desna”158
Voyage of the steam ice-breaker “Rusanov” 161
Voyage of the steam ship “Rabochy”165
Voyages of the steam ships “Vancetti” and “Iskra” 167
Voyages of the steam ships “Anadyr” and “Stalingrad” 170
Voyage of the motor sailing boat “Smolny” 174
Voyage of the motor sailing boat “Leningradsovet” 174
Voyages of the motor sailing boats “Temp” and “Pronchischev” and the steam ship “Pervaya Pyatiletka”175
Voyages of the river steam ships “Lamut”, “Oroch”, “Evenk”, “Samorodok” with barges and the steam ship “Lenin”177
List of basic sources for descriptions of ship voyages on the Laptev Sea and in the western part of the East Siberian Sea179
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