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Contents: Tables, Maps, Figures and Boxes 14 Abbreviations Glossary Local forest and botanical names Acknowledgements PART 1: KEY ISSUES AND APPROACH CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION: SETTING UP KEY POLICY ISSUES IN PARTICIPATORY FOREST MANAGEMENT Piers Blaikie & Oliver Springate-Baginski A Guide to this Book Issues of ¿people and forests¿ in India and Nepal Our approach Political ecology: understanding the politics of the environment Pessimistic and optimistic stereotypes Key research questions and summary findings Chapter Bibliography CHAPTER 2: ANNEXATION, STRUGGLE AND RESPONSE: FOREST, PEOPLE AND POWER IN INDIA AND NEPAL Oliver Springate-Baginski & Piers Blaikie with Ajit Banerjee, Binod Bhatta, Om Prakash Dev, V. Ratna Reddy, Gopinath Reddy, Sushil Saigal, Kailas Sarap, Madhu Sarin The Emergence of Participatory Forest Management in India The Emergence of Participatory Forest Management in Nepal Inconsistencies in forest policy in Nepal Donor projects in Nepal Recent and Current Policy and Implementation Issues in India and Nepal Chapter Bibliography CHAPTER 3: UNDERSTANDING THE POLICY PROCESS Piers Blaikie & Oliver Springate-Baginski Introduction to Linkages Between Policy and Livelihood Impacts PFM in the policy process Policy-making at the national level: India Countervailing pressures on the forest administration of India Policy-making at the national level in Nepal Countervailing pressures of the forest administration of Nepal The state/sub-national level Policy and the local political ecology Conclusion Chapter Bibliography CHAPTER 4: ACTORS AND THEIR NARRATIVES IN PFM Piers Blaikie & Oliver Springate-Baginski with Ajit Banerjee, Binod Bhatta, Sushil Saigal, Madhu Sarin Our Approach Policy Narratives The ¿state forestry¿ narrative The ¿popular / civil society¿ narrative Responses of State Forest Administration Participation: from narrative to practicalities Conclusion Chapter Bibliography CHAPTER 5: UNDERSTANDING THE DIVERSITY OF PFM LIVELIHOOD AND POVERTY IMPACTS. Oliver Springate-Baginski & Piers Blaikie Livelihoods and the Popular Narrative Livelihood Systems and Forest Use in South Asia Poverty and Forest Policy PFM Implementation Process at the Local Level Understanding the Impacts of PFM Implementation on Livelihoods 1 Household assets, entitlements and access to collective assets, and access to market opportunities 2 Livelihood activities 3 Income Chapter Bibliography PART 2: PARTICIPATORY FOREST MANAGEMENT: THE FIELD REALITY CHAPTER 6: COMMUNITY FORESTRY IN THE NEPAL HILLS: PRACTICE AND :LIVELIHOOD IMPACTS Jagannath Adhikari & Om Prakash Dev Summary PFM Policy and Context Introduction - Socio-Economic and Political Profile of Nepal's HIlls Overview of Forests Recent forest policy and issues PFM implementation processes and practices Land tenure Spatial and temporal variation: Direction of policy Research Methodology Outcomes and Impacts Processes of local forest management institution Impact on forest Livelihood impacts Governance and the Policy Processes: Explaining the Livelihood Impacts Policy and governance processes Major policy actors, their changing characteristics and influence Politics of information and knowledge about forest management Action for policy change and practices Main opportunities and constraints to PFM achievement Explaining the existing PFM policy trajectories and their impacts What is ¿best¿ PFM practice under different (often hostile) conditions, and how can it be scaled up or replicated? Conclusion Chapter Bibliography CHAPTER 7: PARTICIPATORY FOREST MANAGEMENT IN THE NEPALESE TARAI: POLICY, PRACTICE AND IMPACTS Binod Bhatta, Akhil Karna & Om Prakesh Dev Overview Policy and Context in the Tarai Introduction: Socio-economic profile of the tarai and politics Overview of forests today Role of forests in agrarian livelihoods Present policies and major policy issues Spatial and temporal variations and policy directions Sample villages and community forests Outcomes and Impact Processes: Local forest management institutions CFUG Governance process: Transparency, participation and accountability Impact on the forest Impact on livelihoods Explaining Policy, Practice and Impact: Governance and Policy Process Policy and governance processes Tenure issues Major policy actors, their changing characteristics and influences at different levels Politics of information and knowledge of forest management in the tarai Actions to be followed for policy change Conclusion Chapter Bibliography CHAPTER 8: JOINT FOREST MANAGEMENT IN WEST BENGAL Ajit Banerjee Overview The Context of JFM Policy in West Bengal Socio-economic profile of the state and its politics Overview of forests in the state Role of forests in agrarian livelihoods Review of forest policy and implementation Outcomes and Impacts Local Forest Management Institution in the Sampled Villages Impact on households Policies, Practices and Impacts; Governance and the Policy Process Policy and the governing process Tenure and legal issues Major Policy Actors, their changing characteristics and influences at different levels Politics of information and knowledge about forest management Actions undertaken by the research team to identify measures to improve processes Recommendations Chapter Bibliography CHAPTER 9: FORESTS AND LIVELIHOODS IN ORISSA Kailas Sarap Summary PFM Policy and Context Introduction: Socio-economic profile of Orissa Overview of forests The role of forests in agrarian livelihoods Review of forest policy and major events Sample villages and their forests Outcomes and Impacts of PFM Local forest management institutions Impact on households Impact on forest Policies, Practices and Impacts; Governance and the Policy Process Policy and governance process Major policy actors, their changing characteristics and influences at different levels Decentralized local government and participatory forest management Main opportunities and constraints to improved PFM Policies and future strategies Conclusions Chapter Bibliography CHAPTER 10: PARTICIPATORY FOREST MANAGEMENT IN ANDHRA PRADESH: IMPLEMENTATION, OUTCOMES AND LIVELIHOOD IMPACTS Madhusudan Bandi, V.M Ravi Kumar, M. Gopinath Reddy, M. Srinivasa Reddy, V. Ratna Reddy & Oliver Springate-Baginski Summary The Context of PFM Policy in Andhra Pradesh Socio-economic profile of the state Overview of forests in Andhra Pradesh Role of forests in agrarian livelihoods Review of forest policies and major events with timeline Recent policy changes Direction of policy Methodology Outcomes and Impacts of PFM JFM processes in Andhra Pradesh: Local forest management institutions Effective forest protection Markets for forest produce Podu (shifting cultivation), encroachment and rehabilitation Podu/encroachment and JFM in the study villages Livelihood Impacts Changes in Household Assets and Entitlements to Collective Assets Changes in household income Impact of JFM on Forests Explaining Policy, Practice and Impacts on Governance and the Policy Process Policies and governance processes Tenure issues Major policy actors Politics of information and knowledge about forest management Major changes in actions Intersectoral coordination Main Opportunities and Constraints of PFM Future Strategies Chapter Bibliography PART 3: ANSWERING THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS CHAPTER 11: COMPARATIVE POLICY AND IMPACT ISSUES Oliver Springate-Baginski & Piers Blaikie with Ajit Banerjee, OP Dev, Binod Bhatta, Ratna Reddy, Gopinath Reddy, Sushil Saigal, Kailas Sarap, Madhu Sarin Introduction to Part 3 Regional Variations in the PFM ¿Deal¿ Institutional and Forest outcomes and Livelihood Impacts of PFM Implementation Institutional Outcomes Forest outcomes: Changes in forest management and forest condition Livelihood impacts Proximate Causes of Policy Impacts and Recommendations Pressures for Reform versus Institutional Inertia in Forest Administrations Green felling bans Fiscal crisis Human resource management, transparency and corrupt practice The Supreme Court and Tribal Forest Rights Bill processes Panchayat Raj Act implementation Mobilization of PFM networks Industrialization process in forest areas Central funding to JFMCs through Forest Development Agencies Conclusion Chapter Bibliography CHAPTER 12: PARTICIPATION OR DEMOCRATIC DECENTRALISATION: STRATEGIC ISSUES IN LOCAL FOREST MANAGEMENT Piers Blaikie & Oliver Springate-Baginski The Key Argument Participation in forest management Participation: The tarnishing of an idea Is PFM a confidence trick? Is participation salvageable? Knowledge creation Prospects for reforming key underlying problem areas Chapter Bibliography Index
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Forest policy -- India.
Forest policy -- Nepal.
Forest management -- India -- Citizen participation.
Forest management -- Nepal -- Citizen participation.