DAVID Gene Report
3028151
vascular endothelial growth factor c Related Genes Homo sapiens
SP_COMMENT
PTM:Undergoes a complex proteolytic maturation which generates a variety of processed secreted forms with increased activity toward VEGFR-3, but only the fully processed form could activate VEGFR-2. VEGF-C first form an antiparallel homodimer linked by disulfide bonds. Before secretion, a cleavage occurs between Arg-227 and Ser-228 producing an heterotetramer. The next extracellular step of the processing removes the N-terminal propeptide. Finally the mature VEGF-C is composed mostly of two VEGF homology domains (VHDs) bound by non-covalent interactions.,
function:Growth factor active in angiogenesis, and endothelial cell growth, stimulating their proliferation and migration and also has effects on the permeability of blood vessels. May function in angiogenesis of the venous and lymphatic vascular systems during embryogenesis, and also in the maintenance of differentiated lymphatic endothelium in adults. Binds and activates VEGFR-2 (Flk1) and VEGFR-3 (Flt4) receptors.,
similarity:Belongs to the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family.,
subcellular location:Secreted.,
subunit:Homodimer; non-covalent and antiparallel.,
tissue specificity:Spleen, lymph node, thymus, appendix, bone marrow, heart, placenta, ovary, skeletal muscle, prostate, testis, colon and small intestine and fetal liver, lung and kidney, but not in peripheral blood lymphocyte.,
REFSEQ_PROTEIN
NP_005420 ,
ENTREZ_GENE_SUMMARY
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (PDGF/VEGF) family, is active in angiogenesis and endothelial cell growth, and can also affect the permeability of blood vessels. This secreted protein undergoes a complex proteolytic maturation, generating multiple processed forms which bind and activate VEGFR-3 receptors. Only the fully processed form can bind and activate VEGFR-2 receptors. This protein is structurally and functionally similar to vascular endothelial growth factor D.,
REFSEQ_MRNA
NM_005429 ,
GENPEPT_ACCESSION
AAA85214 ,
AAB02909 ,
AAH35212 ,
AAH63685 ,
ABM82088 ,
ABM84271 ,
ABM85407 ,
ABM87665 ,
CAA63907 ,
CAC69737 ,
CAD91057 ,
CAG46695 ,
CAH23418 ,
CAI59112 ,
CAI63838 ,
CAI84578 ,
CAJ29667 ,
CAJ32890 ,
CAJ32903 ,
CAL32724 ,
EAX04717 ,
Unassigned_DNA ,
mRNA ,
GENE_SYMBOL
vegfc ,
GENE_NAME
Flt4 ligand,
Flt4-L,
VEGF-C,
VEGFC protein,
VRP,
Vascular endothelial growth factor C precursor,
Vascular endothelial growth factor C precursor (VEGF-C) (Vascular endothelial growth factor-related protein) (VRP) (Flt4 ligand) (Flt4- L),
Vascular endothelial growth factor-related protein,
vascular endothelial growth factor C,
GENERIF_SUMMARY
VEGF-C signaling through FLT-4 (VEGFR-3) mediates leukemic cell proliferation, survival, and resistance to chemotherapy. ,
VEGFC expression is closely related to invasion phenotype in cervical carcinomas ,
REVIEW ,
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) and its ligand VEGF-C are expressed in human colorectal adenocarcinoma. ,
tumor-associated macrophages express VEGF-C-and play a role in peritumoral lymphangiogenesis and subsequent dissemination in human cancer ,
VEGF-C mediates cyclic pressure-induced vascular endothelium cell proliferation. ,
VEGF-C mainly promotes peri-tumor lymphangiogenesis and has a little effect on angiogenesis. ,
Expresssed in gallbladder cancer and is related to lymph node metastasis. ,
This factor is up-regulated in breast cancer cells by heregulin-beta; p38/NFKB play a critical role in signal transduction. ,
Malignant mesothelioma growth inhibition by agents that target the VEGF and VEGF-C autocrine loops. ,
Lymphagenesis correlates with increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C in colorectal cancer ,
Data demonstrate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 and vascular endothelial growth factor-C on corneal dendritic cells, which implicate a potential relationship between lymphangiogenesis and leukocyte trafficking in the eye. ,
VEGF-C expression is increased in papillary thyroid cancer, compared with paired normal thyroid tissues, but not in other thyroid cancers that are also prone to lymph node metastasis ,
Data show that the serine protease plasmin cleaved both propeptides from human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-D, generating mature forms, and also activated VEGF-C. ,
VEGF-C expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma may play a role in lymphatic spread ,
Ang2, PIGF and VEGF-C play a role in promote endothelial survival and vascular remodeling by human cytotrophoblast. ,
Increased vascular endothelial growth factor C mRNA expression correlates with stage of progression in patients with melanoma ,
COX-2 up-regulates VEGF-C and promotes lymphangiogenesis in human lung adenocarcinoma. ,
VEGF-C and its receptor FLT-4 play a role in the development of gastric cancer, and the tumors with expression of VEGF-C and FLT-4 are more likely to have lymph node metastasis. ,
Her-2/NEU oncogene is essential for the regulation of VEGF-C in ovarian carcinoma; p38 MAPK and NF-kappa B are critically involved in the transcriptional activation of the VEGF-C gene by Her-2/NEU. ,
VEGF family proteins regulate wound healing, chronic inflammation and tumour angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in fibroblasts. ,
The expression of VEGF-C and CCR7 is related to lymph node metastasis of gastric carcinoma and both of them may become new targets for the treatment of gastric carcinoma. ,
Expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas related to COX-2 expression. Also associated with depth of primary tumor, stage, and probably lymph node metastasis. May assist in management planning. ,
intratumoral VEGF-A expression is one of the significant prognostic factors in patients with adenocarcinomas, and that intratumoral VEGF-C expression is one of the significant prognostic factors in patients with squamous cell carcinomas ,
furin is responsible for VEGF-C processing in human oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma progression ,
VEGF-C expression occurred in 26 of the 68 tumor samples (38%). ,
VEGF-C expression may induce lymphangiogenesis in colorectal cancer, as a result, tumor cells can entry the lymphatic vessels easily. ,
VEGF-C and VEGF-D are ligands for the integrin alpha9beta1 ,
High vascular endothelial growth factor C expression is associated with lymph node metastasis in human pancreatic cancer ,
VEGF-C as well as VEGF-A may be involved in the pathogenesis of ovarian endometrioma. ,
VEGF-C plays a pivotal role for lymphangiogenesis and tumor growth in gastric cancer ,
Increased VEGF-C expression is associated with papillary thyroid cancer ,
increased expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 play a role in prostate cancer progression and in metastasis to regional lymph nodes ,
VEGF-C expression was detected in 38 out of the 87 patients (43.7%) with primary human breast cancer ,
Increased expression of VEGF-A and VEGF-C was found in tumor tissues compared to normal epithelium ,
Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C is associated with lung adenocarcinoma ,
VEGF-C expression may play a role in lymphangiogenesis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. ,
High vascular endothelial growth factor C expression is associated with cervical cancer ,
The intratumoral VEGF-C level is a significant prognostic indicator of primary breast cancer. ,
The Lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis influence metastasis-free survival, and are regulated by VEGF-C expression. ,
in human colorectal carcinoma, vascular endothelial growth factor-C and cyclooxygenase-2 are coexpressed and significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and prognosis ,
results suggest for the first time that VEGF-C acts in an autocrine manner in cultured podocytes to promote survival, although the receptor or receptor complex activated has yet to be elucidated ,
VEGF-C was abundantly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissue and cancer cell lines. ,
Results suggest that expression of VEGF-C is a useful predictor for lymph node metastasis. ,
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is not associated with increased expression of VEGF-C ,
This suggests that VEGF-C promotes lymph node metastasis while being influenced by the strength of the VEGF-C autocrine loop, and the VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 ratio can be a useful predictor of lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer. ,
VEGF-C reacts with neuropilin 2 in a heparin-independent way. ,
VEGF-C plays a role in lymphatic metastasis via lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). VEGF-C is one of the important predictors of the biological behavior in ESCC. ,
The absence of VEGF-C in blast cells predicts long-lasting remission in all leukaemic children. ,
results suggest the presence of lymphatic capillaries throughout the skeletal muscle, and present the localisation of VEGF-C and -D in the muscles. ,
upregulation is controlled by RalA activation ,
Down-regulation of VEGF-C is associated with urothelial carcinomas of the bladder ,
VEGF-C expression in tumour tissues is indicative of lymphatic metastasis, whereas VEGF-A expression is more likely to be associated with haematogenous metastasis ,
Overexpression of VEGF-C in fibroblast-like synoviocytes by stimulation with TNF-alpha may play an important role in the progression of synovial inflammation and hyperplasia in RA by contributing to local lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis ,
Demethylation and Overexpression of Vascular endothelial growth factor-C gene is associated with lymphangiogenesis in gastric cancer ,
High levels of VEGF-C is associated with angio and lymphangiogenesis in breast cancer ,
Results suggest that strong expression of VEGFA and VEGFC is essential to lymphatic metastasis of stomach neoplasms. ,
Serum VEGF-C level, VEGF-C and lymphatic vessel density are related to lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. ,
VEGF-C contributed to lymphatic involvement and nodal metastasis in colorectal cancer. ,
CHROMOSOME
4,
ENTREZ_GENE_ID
7424 ,
PIR_SUMMARY
Growth factor active in angiogenesis, and endothelial cell growth, stimulating their proliferation and migration and also has effects on the permeability of blood vessels. May function in angiogenesis of the venous and lymphatic vascular systems during embryogenesis, and also in the maintenance of differentiated lymphatic endothelium in adults. Binds and activates VEGFR-2 (Flk1) and VEGFR-3 (Flt4) receptors.,
UNIGENE
Hs.435215 ,
UNIREF100_ID
UniRef100_P49767 ,
UniRef100_Q6FH59 ,
PIR_NREF_ID
NF00120056,
NF01838646,
UNIPROT_ID
Q6FH59_HUMAN ,
VEGFC_HUMAN ,
CYTOBAND
4q34.1-q34.3,
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