Overview
Estimative Tradecraft Essays
Bibliographies
Intelligence Related Web sites
Intelligence and the Intelligence Community
Analysis
Estimative Tradecraft
Case Studies
Private Sector Techniques and Experiences
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BIBLIOGRAPHIES |
Intelligence
and the Intelligence Community |
Berkowitz, Bruce D. and Allan E.
Goodman, Best Truth: Intelligence in the Information
Age (New Haven: Yale University Press) 2000) |
George, Roger Z. and Robert D. Kline,
eds., Intelligence and the National Security
Strategist: Enduring Issues and Challenges,
(Washington: National Defense University Press,
2004) |
Herman, Michael, Intelligence
Power in Peace and War, (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1996) |
Johnson, Loch K, Bombs, Bugs,
Drugs, And Thugs: Intelligence And America's Quest
for Security (New York: New York University
Press, 2000) |
Johnson, Loch K. and James J. Wirtz,
eds., Strategic Intelligence: Windows into a
Secret World, (Los Angeles: Roxbury Publishing
Company, 2004) |
Lowenthal, Mark M. Intelligence:
From Secrets to Policy, (Washington: CQ Press,
2000) |
Treverton, Gregory F., Reshaping
National Intelligence for an Age of Information,
(Cambridge University Press, 2001) |
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Analysis |
Clark, Robert M., Intelligence
Analysis: A Target-Centric Approach, (Washington:
CQ Press, 2004) |
Heuer, Jr., Richards J., Psychology
of Intelligence Analysis, (Washington: Center
for the Study of Intelligence, 1999) |
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Estimative
Tradecraft |
Ford, Harold P., Estimative
Intelligence: The Purposes and Problems of National
Intelligence Estimating, (Lanham, MD: University
Press of America, 1993) |
Nye, Jr., Joseph S., "Peering
into the Future," Foreign Affairs,
77, 4 July/August 1994, 82-93 |
Neustadt, Richard E. and Ernest
R. May, Thinking in Time: The Uses of History
for Decision-Makers, (New York: Free Press,
1986) |
Steury, Donald P. ed., Sherman
Kent and the Board of National Estimates: Collected
Essays, (Washington: Center for the Study of
Intelligence, 1994) |
Treverton, Gregory F., "Estimating
Beyond the Cold War," Defense Intelligence
Journal, 3, 2 (Fall 1994) |
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Case
Studies |
Iraq. Cirincione, Joseph and others,
WMD in Iraq: Evidence and Implications,
(Washington: Carnegie Endowment, January 2004),
The Key Judgments of the October 2002 NIE, declassified
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Lebanon. Lebanon and the Intelligence
Community, Kennedy School of Government Case
C16-89-884, 1989 |
Soviet missiles. The SS-9 Controversy:
Intelligence as Political Football, Kennedy
School of Government Case C15-88-859.0, 1988 |
Soviet missiles. U.S. Congress.
Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence. Subcommittee
on Collection, Production, & Quality. The
National Intelligence Estimates A-B Team Episode
Concerning Soviet Strategic Capability & Objectives.
95th Cong., 2d sess., 1978 |
Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia Transformed,
NIE 15-90 (October 1990). See also Shreeve, Thomas,
W. "The Intelligence Community Case Method
Program: A National Intelligence Estimate on Yugoslavia,"
in George, Roger Z. and Robert D. Kline, eds., Intelligence
and the National Security Strategist: Enduring Issues
and Challenges, (Washington: National Defense
University Press, 2004) |
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Private
Sector Techniques and Experience in Framing the
Future and Strategic Planning |
Ansoff, I. H., "Strategic Issues
Management," Strategic Management Journal,
1, 1980, pp. 131-148 |
Ascher, William and William H. Overholt,
Strategic Planning and Forecasting: Political
Risk and Economic Opportunity, John Wiley &
Sons, New York, 1983 |
Ayres, R. U., Technological
Forecasting and Long-Range Planning, McGraw-Hill,
New York, 1969 |
Baets, Walter, "Corporate Strategic
Planning in an Uncertain Environment," European
Journal of Operational Research, V32, 1986,
pp. 169-181 |
Barnett, W. P., and R. A. Burgelman,
"Evolutionary Perspectives on Strategy,"
Strategic Management Journal, vol. 17,
1996, pp. 5-19 |
Bartlett, C. A., and S. Ghosal,
"Changing the Role of Top Management: Beyond
Strategy to Purpose," Harvard Business
Review, November/December 1994, pp. 79-88 |
Beinhocker, Eric D., "Robust
Adaptive Strategies," Sloan Management
Review, Spring 1999 |
Bernstein, Peter, Against the
Gods: The Remarkable Story of Risk, John Wiley
& Sons (1996) |
Bonn, I., and C. Christodoulou,
"From Strategic Planning to Strategic Management,"
Long Range Planning, 29(4), 1996, pp. 543-551 |
Boshoff, H., "Testing Plans
Against Alternative Futures," Long Range
Planning, vol. 22, no. 5, 1987, 99. 69-75 |
Bracken, Paul, Strategic Planning
for National Security: Lessons from Business Experience,
RAND, N-3005-DAG/USDP, February 1990 |
Brauers, J., and M. Wever, "A
New Method of Scenario Analysis for Strategic Planning,"
Journal of Forecasting, vol. 7, 1988, pp.
31-47 |
Breheny, M. J., "The Renaissance
of Strategic Planning?", Environment and
Planning B: Planning and Design, vol. 18, no.
2, 1991, pp. 233-249 |
Bryson, John M. and William D. Roering,
"Initiation of Strategic Planning by Governments,"
Public Administration Review, V48, N6,
1988, pp. 995-1004 |
Builder, C. H., The Masks of
War, The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, MD
(1989) |
Builder, Carl H., and James A. Dewar,
"A Time for Planning? If Not Now, When?",
Parameters, Summer 1994 |
Bungay, S. and M. Goold, "Creating
a Strategic Control System," Long Range
Planning, 24(3), 1991, pp. 32-39 |
Capon, H., and J. Hulbert, "The
Integration of Forecasting and Strategic Planning,"
International Journal of Forecasting, vol.
1 1985, pp. 123-133 |
Chesnutt, Thomas W., "Marketing
Uncertainties in Policy Analysis: Why It Does Not
Sell and How to Repackage It Into Something That
Does," A&N Technical Services, Inc. (a
paper presented on October 30, 1992 at the Association
for Policy Analysis and Management Conference in
Denver, Colorado) |
Child, J., "Organizational
Structure, Environment and Performance: The Role
of Strategic Choice," Sociology, vol.
6, 1972 |
Christensen, Clayton M., "Making
Strategy: Learning by Doing," Harvard Business
Review, November-December 1997 |
Collis, D. J., "The Strategic
Management of Uncertainty," Harvard Business
School Working Paper #89-019, Rev. 3/1991 a |
Corporate Strategy Board, Stall
Points: Barriers to Growth for the Large Corporate
Enterprise, Corporate Executive Board, Washington,
D.C., 1998 |
Corporate Strategy Board, Proceeding
in Daylight: Frontier Practices for Challenging
Strategic Assumptions, Corporate Executive
Board, Washington, D.C., 1999 |
Courtney, Hugh, Jane Kirkland, and
Patrick Viguerie, "Strategy Under Uncertainty,"
Harvard Business Review, November-December
1997 |
Dalkey, Norman C., The Delphi
Method: An Experimental Study of Group Opinion,
The RAND Corporation, RM-5888-PR, June 1968 |
Pas, T. K., "Time: The Hidden
Dimension in Strategic Planning," Long-Range
Planning, Vol. 24, no.3, 1991, pp. 49-57 |
Davis, P. and Zalmay M. Khalilzad,
A Composite Approach to Air Force Planning,
MR787-AF, RAND, 1996 |
De Gues, Arie P., "Planning
as Learning," Harvard Business Review on
Managing Uncertainty, Harvard Business School
Press (1999) |
Deshpande, R. and A. Parasuraman,
"Linking Corporate Culture to Strategic Planning,"
Business Horizons, May/June 1986, pp. 28-37 |
Dewar, James A., Carl H. Builder,
William M. Hix, and Morlie H. Levin, Assumption-Based
Planning: A Planning Tool For Very Uncertain Times,
MR-114-A, RAND, 1993 |
Dewar, J. A. and M. H. Levin, Assumption-Based
Planning for Army 21, R-4172-A, RAND, 1992 |
DeWeerd, H. A., "Political-Military
Scenarios," P-3535, The RAND Corporation, Santa
Monica, CA, February, 1967 |
DeWeerd, H. A., "A Contextual
Approach to Scenario Construction," P-5084,
The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, September
1973 |
Dixit, A. K., and B. Nalebuff, Thinking
Strategically, Norton, New York (1991) |
Dixit, A. K., and R. S. Pindyck,
Investment Under Uncertainty, Princeton,
New Jersey, Princeton University Press (1994) |
Drucker, Peter F., Managing
in a Time of Great Change, Truman Talley Books,
New York (1999) |
Duncan, N. E., and P. Wack, "Scenarios
Designed to Improve Decision Making," Planning
Review, July/August 1994, pp. 25 |
Dutton, J. E.; and R. B. Duncan,
"The Influence of the Strategic Planning Process
on Strategic Change," Strategic Management
Journal, vol. 8, 1987, pp. 103-116 |
Dutton, J. E., and E. Ottensmeyer,
"Strategic Issues Management Systems: Forms,
Functions, and Contexts," Academy of Management
Review, 12(2), 1987 |
Einhorn, H. J., and R. M. Hogarth,
"Ambiguity and Uncertainty in Probabilistic
Inference," Psychological Review,
vol. 92, 1985, pp. 18-46 |
Fahey, Liam and Robert M. Randall,
Learning from the Future: Competitive Foresight
Scenarios, John Wiley & Sons (1997) |
Fischoff, B., Slovic, P., and Lichtenstein,
S., "Fault Trees: Sensitivity of Estimated.
Failure Probabilities to Problem Representation,"
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception
and Performance, 4 (1977) |
Ford, H., My Life and Work,
Doubleday, Paye and Company, Garden City, N.Y.,
(1922) as reprinted by Ayer Company Publishers,
Salem, N.H., (1987), pp. 67-68 |
Freudenburg, W. J., "Heuristics,
biases, and the not-so-general publics: Expertise
and error in the assessment of risks," in S.
Krimsky and D. Golding (Eds.) Social Theories
of Risk, Praeger (1992) |
Garvin, D. A., "Building a
Learning Organization," Harvard Business
Review, July/August 1993, pp: 78-91 |
Ghosal, S., and C. A. Bartlett,
"Changing the Role of Top Management: Beyond
Structure to Processes," Harvard Business
Review, January/February 1995, pp. 86-96 |
Ginter, P.M., A. C. Rucks, and W.
J. Duncan, "Planners' Perceptions of the Strategic
Management Process." Journal of Management
Studies, XXII, 1985, pp. 581-596 |
Glaister, Keith W. and J. Richard
Falshaw, "Strategic Planning: Still Going Strong?,"
Long-Range Planning, vol. 21, No. 1, 1999
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Godet, M., Scenarios and Strategic
Management, Butterworths Scientific, Ltd.,
London (1987) |
Gordon, Theodore J., "Futures
Research: Did It Meet Its Promise, Can It Meet Its
Promise?," Technological Forecasting and
Social Change, V36, 1989, pp. 21-36 |
Gordon, T. J., and O. Helmer, "An
Experimental Application of the Delphi Method to
the Use of Experts", Management Science,
April, 1963 |
Gray, Daniel H., "Uses and
Misuses of Strategic Planning," Harvard
Business Review, V64, Nl, 1986, pp. 89-97 |
Haeckel, S. H., and A. J. Slywotzky,
Adaptive Enterprise: Creating and Leading Sense-And-Respond
Organizations, Harvard Business School Press,
Cambridge, MA (1999) |
Hamel, G., and C. K. Prahalad, Competing
for the Future, Harvard Business School Press,
Boston, MA (1994) |
Harvard Business Review on Managing
Uncertainty, Harvard Business School Press
(1999) |
Hayes, R. H., "Strategic Planning
— Forward in Reverse?", Harvard Business
Review, November/December 1985, pp. 111-119 |
Helmer, Olaf, "The Use of War-Gaming
in RAND's Limited-War Studies," D-5799, The
RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, December 4,
1958 |
Heracleous, L., "Strategic
Thinking or Strategic Planning?", Long
Range Planning, vol. 31, no. 3, 1998, pp. 481-487
|
Hiam, A., "Exposing Four Myths
of Strategic Planning," Journal of Business
Strategy, vol. 11, no. 5, September/October
1990, pp. 23-28 |
Hill, C. W. L. and G. R. Jones,
Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach,
(3 rd edition) Houghton Mifflin, Boston
(1995)
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Hitch, C., Uncertainties in
Operations Research, P-1959, RAND, Santa Monica,
April 1960 |
Hodges, James S., Onward Through
the Fog: Uncertainty and Management Adaptation in
Systems Analysis and Design, R-3760-AF/A/OSD,
RAND, Santa Monica, July 1990 |
Hogarth, R. M. and Makridakis, S.,
"Forecasting and Planning: An Evaluation,"
Management Science, 27, 1981 |
Huss, William R. and Edward J. Horton,
"Scenario Planning: What Style Should You Use?,"
Long Range Planning, V20, N4, 1987, pp.
21-29 |
Igor, H., "Conceptual Underpinnings
of Systematic Strategic Management," ANSOFF
European Journal of Operational Research,
1985, pp. 2-19 |
Ives, Jeanette R., "Articulating
Values and Assumptions for Strategic Planning,"
Nursing Management, January 1991, pp. 38-39 |
Jacobson, Gary and John Hillkirk,
Xerox: American Samurai, Collier Books,
New York (1986), p. 71 |
Janis, I. and L. Mann, Decision
Making, The Free Press, New York (1977) |
Kahn, H., and A. J. Wiener, The
Year 2000: A Framework for Speculation on the Next
Thirty-Three Years, The Macmillan Company,
New York (1967) |
Kahneman, D., and Tversky, A, "The
Simulation Heuristic," in D. Kahneman, P. Slovic,
and A. Tversky (Eds.), Judgment Under Uncertainty:
Heuristics and Biases, Cambridge University
Press (1982) |
Karagozoglu, N. and R. Seglund,
"Strategic Planning for a Public Sector Enterprise,
Long Range Planning, vol. 22, 1989, pp.
121-125 |
Kay, Alan C. "Predicting the
Future" |
Kellogg, M. K., J. Thorne and P.
W. Huber, Federal Telecommunications Law,
Little Brown and Company, Boston (1992) |
King, W. R., "Using Strategic
Issue Analysis," Long Range Planning,
15, 1982, pp. 548-570 |
Kotter, J. P., Leading Change,
Harvard Business School Press, Cambridge, MA (1996) |
Krimsky, S., and D. Golding (Eds)
Social Theories of Risk, Praeger (1992) |
Kukalis, Sal, "Strategic Planning
in Large US Corporations—A Survey," Omega
International Journal of Management Science,
V 16, N5, 1988, pp. 393-404 |
Langley, A., "The Roles of
Formal Strategic Planning," Long Range
Planning, vol. 21, no. 3, 1988, pp. 40-50 |
Leemhuis, J. P., "Using Scenarios
to Develop Strategies," Long Range Planning,
18(2), 1985, pp. 30-37 |
Levin, Benjamin, "Squaring
a Circle - Strategic Planning in Government,"
Canadian Public Administration, V28, N4,
1985, pp. 600-605 |
Liedtka, J. M., "Linking Strategic
Thinking with Strategic Planning," Strategy
and Leadership, September/October 1998, pp.
30-35 |
Lorange, P., F. Scott Morton and
S. Ghoshal, Strategic Control Systems,
West Publishing Company, St. Paul, MN, (1986) |
March, James G., A Primer on
Decision Making: How Decisions Happen, The
Free Press (1994) |
Markides, Constantinos C., "A
Dynamic View of Strategy," Sloan Management
Review, Spring 1999 |
Martino, J. P., Technological
Forecasting for Decisionmaking, Elsevier, New
York, 1972 |
Mason, D. H., "Scenario-Based
Planning: Decision Model for the Learning Organization,"
Planning Review, March/April 1994, pp.
6-19 |
Mason, Richard O., and Ian I. Mitroff,
Challenging Strategic Planning Assumptions:
Theory, Cases and Techniques, John Wiley and
Sons, 1981 |
Martino, J. P., Technological
Forecasting for Decisionmaking, Elsevier, New
York, 1972 |
McGrath, Rita Gunther, and Ian C.
Macmillan, "Discovery-Driven Planning,"
Harvard Business Review on Managing Uncertainty,
Harvard Business School Press, 1999 |
McNeil, B. J., "On the elicitation
of preferences for alternative therapies,"
New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 306,
1982, pp.1259-1262 |
Milburn, M. A., "Sources of
Bias in the Prediction of Future Events," Organizational
Behavior and Human Performance, 21 (1978) |
Mintzberg, Henry, "The Fall
and Rise of Strategic Planning," Harvard
Business Review, January/February 1994, pp.
107-114 |
Mintzberg, Henry, The Rise and
Fall of Strategic Planning, The Free Press
(1994) |
Mintzberg, H. and J. Lampel, "Reflections
on the Strategy Process," Sloan Management
Review, Spring, 1999 |
Mitchell, D. J., J. E. Russo and
N. Pennington, "Back to the Future: Temporal
Perspective in the Explanation of Events,"
Journal of Behavioral Decision Making,
vol. 2, 1989, pp. 25-38 |
Mitroff, I. I., and R. O. Mason,
"Business Policy and Metaphysics: Some Philosophical
Considerations," Academy of Management
Review, vol. 7, no. 3, 1982, pp. 361-371 |
Muralidharan, Raman, "Strategic
Control for Fast- moving Markets: Updating the Strategy
and Monitoring Performance," Long-Range
Planning, Vol. 30, February, 1997 |
Murphy A. H., and R. L. Winkler
"Reliability of Subjective Probability Forecasts
of Precipitation and Temperature," Applied
Statistics, Vol 26, 1974 |
Newman, W. H., E. K. Warren, and
J. E. Schnee, The Process of Management: Strategy,
Action, Results, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs,
N. J., (1982), p. 22 |
Pascale, R., M. Millemann, and L.
Gioja, "Changing the Way We Change," Harvard
Business Review, November/December 1997, pp.127-139
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Peters, T., A Passion for Excellence,
Warner Books (1989) |
Pistorius, Carl W. I., and James
M. Utterback, "The Death Knells of Mature Technologies,"
Technologies Forecasting and Social Change,
50, 1995 |
Porter, M. E. Competitive Strategy:
Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors,
Free Press, New York (1980) |
Porter, M., "Towards a Dynamic
Theory of Strategy," Strategic Management
Journal, 12, 1991, pp. 95-117 |
Preble, J. F., "Toward a Comprehensive
System of Strategic Control," Journal of
Management Studies, 29, 1992, pp. 391-409 |
Raiffa, Howard, Decision Analysis:
Introductory Lectures on Choices Under Uncertainty,
College Custom Series, McGraw-Hill (1997) (first
published in 1968) |
Ridgway, Matthew B., Soldier:
The Memoirs of Matthew B. Ridgway, Harper,
New York, 1956 |
Roush, C. H., and B. C. Ball, "Controlling
the Implementation of Strategy," Managerial
Planning, November/December 1980, pp. 3-12
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Rowe, A., R. Mason and K. Dickel,
Strategic Management and Planning: A Methodological
Approach, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass. (1982)
|
Russell, Colonel W. N., "Strategic
Planning for the Armed Forces," Long Range
Planning, V 19, N4, 1986, pp. 41-46 |
Sackman, Harold, Delphi Critique,
Lexington Books, Massachusetts (1975) |
Schaars, S. P., "How to Develop
and Use Scenarios," Long Range Planning,
20(1), 1987, pp. 105-114 |
Schilit, W. K., "What's the
Logic of Strategic Planning?", Management
Review, November 1988, pp. 41-43 |
Schlesinger, James R., "Organizational
Structures and Planning," P-3316, RAND, Santa
Monica, 1966 |
Schoemaker, P. J. H., "When
and How to Use Scenario Planning: A Heuristic Approach
with Illustration, Journal of Forecasting,
vol. 10, 1991, pp. 549-564 |
Schoemaker, P. J. H., "Multiple
Scenario Development: Its Conceptual and Behavioral
Foundation," Strategic Management Review,
Vol. 14, 1993, pp. 193-213 |
Schoemaker, P. J. H., "Scenario
Planning: A Tool for Strategic Thinking," Sloan
Management Review, Winter 1995, pp. 25-40 |
Schreyogg, G., and H. Steinmann,
"Strategic Control, a New Perspective,"
Academy of Management Review, 12, 1987,
pp. 91-103 |
Schwartz, P. The Art of the
Long View, New York, Doubleday (1991) |
Shaklee, H., and Fischhoff, B.,
"Strategies of Information Search in Causal
Analysis," Memory and Cognition, 10
(1982) |
Shipley, R., and R. Newkirk, "Visioning:
Did Anybody See Where It Came From?", Journal
of Planning Literature, Vol. 12, no. 4, May
1998, pp. 407-415 |
Senge, P. M., The Fifth Discipline:
The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization,
New York, Doubleday/Currency (1990) |
Setear, J. K., C. H. Builder, M.
D. Baccus and W. Madewell, The Army in a Changing
World: The Role of Organizational Vision, R-3882-A,
RAND, Santa Monica, June 1990 |
Simons, R., "How New Top Managers
Use Control Systems as Levers of Strategic Renewal,"
Strategic Management Journal, vol. 15,1994,
pp. 169-189 |
Simpson, Daniel G., "Why Most
Strategic Planning is a Waste of Time and What You
Can Do About It," Long Range Planning,
vol. 31, no. 3, 1998 |
Simpson, Daniel G., "Why Most
Strategic Planning is a Waste of Time and What You
Can Do About It — Part II," Long
Range Planning, vol. 31, no. 4, 1998 |
Sloman, S. A., "When Explanations
Compete: The Role of Explanatory Coherence on Judgments
of Likelihood," Cognition, 52 (1994) |
Smith, P. M., J. P. Allen, J. H.
Stewart II, and F. D. Whitehouse, Creating Strategic
Vision, National Defense University Press,
Washington, DC (1987) |
Stubbart, Charles "Why We Need
a Revolution in Strategic Planning," Long
Range Planning, V 18, N6, 1985, pp. 68-76 |
Sullivan, G. R., and M. V. Harper,
Hope is Not a Method, Times Business, Random House,
New York (1996) |
Taylor, B., "The Return of
Strategic Planning — Once More with Feeling,"
Long Range Planning, vol. 30, no. 3, 1997,
pp. 334-344 |
Teisberg, E. O., "Strategic
Response to Uncertainty," Harvard Business
School case, #N9-391-192, Rev. 4/11/1991 a |
Thompson, A. A., and A. J. Strickland,
Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases,
(4th edition), Prentice Hall, Hemel Hempstead
(1997) |
TRADOC Pamphlet 525-5, A Concept
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for the Strategic Army of the Early Twenty-First
Century, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command,
August 1994 |
Toffler, Alvin, The Adaptive
Corporation, McGraw-Hill, 1985 |
Vaill, P. B.,"The Purposing
of High Performing Systems," Organizational
Dynamics, Autumn 1982, pp. 23-39 |
van der Heijden, Kees, Scenarios:
The Art of Strategic Conversation, John
Wiley & Sons (1996) |
Van Schie, E. C. M., and Van der
Pligt, J., "Influence diagrams and fault trees:
The role of salience and anchoring," in K.
Borcherding, O. I. Larichev, and D. M. Messick (Eds.),
Contemporary Issues in Decision Making,
North Holland: Elsevier Science (1990) |
Wack, P., "Scenarios: Uncharted
Waters Ahead," Harvard Business Review,
September/October 1985, pp. 73-89 |
Wack, P., "Scenarios: Shooting
the Rapids," Harvard Business Review,
November/December 1985, pp. 138-150 |
Webster, James, William E. Reif,
and Jeffry S. Bracker, "The Manager's Guide
to Strategic Planning Tools and Techniques,"
Planning Review, November/December 1989,
pp. 4-13 |
Weiner, M. G., "Gaming Limited
War," P-2123, The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica,
CA, October 27, 1960 |
Wells, Stuart, Choosing the
Future: The Power of Strategic Thinking, Butterworth-Heinemann
(1998) |
Wernerfelt, B. and A. Karnani, "Competitive
Strategy Under Uncertainty," Strategic
Management Journal, 8 (2), 1987, pp. 187-194 |
Wilson, David C., David J. Hickson,
and Susan Miller, "How Organizations Can Overbalance,"
American Behavioral Scientist, vol. 39,
no. 8, August 1996 |
Wilson, I., "The State of Strategic
Planning — What Went Wrong? What Goes Right?,"
Tech. Forecasting and Social Change, V37,
N2, 1990, pp. 103-110 |
Wilson, I., "Strategic Planning
isn't Dead — it Changed," Long Range
Planning 27(4), 1994, pp. 12-24 |
Wilson, I., "Strategic Planning
for the Millennium," Long Range Planning,
vol. 31, no. 4, 1998, pp. 507-513 |
Winkler, J. D., H. J. Shukiar, J.
A. Dewar, M. W. Lewis, B. Benjamin, J. M. Sollinger,
J. E. Peters, and H. J. Thie, Future Leader
Development of Army Noncommissioned Officers: Workshop
Results, CF-138-A, RAND, Santa Monica, CA.,
1998 |
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