Frequently Asked Questions
- What is the Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG)?
- Does the BBG have a role in formulating program content?
- What is the VOA Charter? What does it say?
- Do the programs contain propaganda?
- Do you try to persuade audiences to have a positive view of the United States or to support specific U.S. policies?
- What is the budget? Who decides where, and on what,
the money is spent?
- Why should American taxpayers continue to fund international broadcasting when there is CNN and Sky Channel, etc.?
- How do you make decisions to cut or add languages or programs?
- In what languages do you broadcast?
- Some broadcast entities such as VOA and RFE/RL broadcast in the same languages. Is the content of their programs similar?
- How many people do you reach?
- How do you measure effectiveness?
Q: What is the Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG)?
The Broadcasting Board of Governors is both the name of the independent federal government Agency that oversees all U.S. non-military international broadcasting, and the name of the Board that governs those broadcasts.
The broadcast organizations include the Voice of America (VOA), Radio Free Europe/ Radio Liberty (RFE/RL), Office of Cuba Broadcasting (OCB), Radio Free Asia (RFA), Middle East Broadcasting Networks (MBN) and the International Broadcasting Bureau (IBB).
The Board is composed of nine members with expertise in the fields of mass communications, print, broadcast media, or international affairs. Eight members (4 Democrats and 4 Republicans) are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. The ninth, the Secretary of State, serves ex officio.
The BBG became an independent federal government agency on October 1, 1999.
Return to the TopQ: Does the BBG have a role in formulating program content?
The role of the BBG is to supervise all broadcasting activities and to provide strategic management for the Agency. It serves as a firewall between U.S. Government policy makers and the broadcasters.
It is the job of the news directors, editors and broadcasters, under the strict journalistic standards spelled out in the U.S. International Broadcasting Act of 1994 and the Journalistic Codes of Ethics of each of the broadcasters, to determine the stories that get covered.
The BBG Board is also charged with evaluating the mission and operation of its broadcast entities; assessing the quality, effectiveness, and professional integrity of its broadcasters; and determining the addition or deletion of language services.
Q: What is the VOA Charter? What does it say?
President Gerald Ford first signed the VOA Charter into law in 1976, and it was subsequently included in the U.S. International Broadcasting Act of 1994, as amended. It serves as a basis for the “standards and principles” for all BBG broadcasting under that Act.
The purpose of the “Charter” is to guard the journalistic integrity of BBG’s programming. The language states that BBG programs will serve as a consistently reliable source of news. The news will be accurate, objective, and comprehensive. Programming should also provide a balanced representation of American life and include clear and effective presentation of the policies of the United States.
Q: Do the programs contain propaganda?
No. The mission of the BBG and its broadcasters is to broadcast accurate, balanced, and comprehensive news and information to an international audience. The mission to promote freedom and democracy is achieved through journalistic integrity and through the dissemination of factual news and information to an audience that typically does not have access to a free press.
Q: Do you try to persuade audiences to have a positive view of the United States or to support specific U.S. policies?
Our mission is to enhance understanding of the United States, our institutions, beliefs, values, and policies, and of world, local and regional events. We do this by broadcasting accurate, objective, balanced news and information about the United States and the world. By doing so, and by serving as an example of free and professional journalism, we serve the long-range interests of the U.S.
Q: What is the budget? Who decides where and on what the money is spent?
In 2008 the budget for BBG was $682 million. As a federal agency, the BBG’s budget request is part of the President’s Budget request to the Congress. Decisions about funding levels and allocations are part of a decision-making process that takes into account Administration and Congressional priorities, the strategic interests of the United States, the effectiveness of our broadcasts, and the strength of press freedoms in the countries to which we broadcast.
Q: Why should American taxpayers continue to fund international broadcasting when there is CNN and Sky Channel etc.?
U.S. international broadcasting continues to fill a critical void, especially in countries that lack a free press. Access to products like CNN International is far from universal and often limited to elite travelers in their hotel rooms. While the BBG broadcasts in 60 languages, CNN is largely limited to English speakers.
Reaching local populations in their own languages, as well as English, we can provide them with accurate and reliable news and provide an alternative to local media that may be prolific, but may also be government controlled and subject to censorship. Wherever possible, we broadcast in the media—TV, AM/FM or shortwave radio, and the Internet—that give us the broadest possible reach.
Q: How do you make decisions to cut or add languages or programs?
The Agency must ensure that its program decisions reflect the U.S. national interest. Given funding constraints and changing foreign policy priorities, it is sometimes necessary to increase broadcasting to an area in crisis, while correspondingly reducing funding in other areas. Decisions to eliminate or reduce broadcast services are never easy.
Funding decisions are based on a variety of factors including audience access to outlets of free and balanced news, the effectiveness of the current programming, and U.S. strategic interests. Once countries have established reliable and professional media outlets, the need for our broadcasts diminishes.
Q: In what languages do you broadcast?
The BBG's broadcast entities produce content in 60 languages. You can find the list of languages in our brochure or online at www.bbg.gov.
Q: Some broadcast entities such as VOA and RFE/RL broadcast in the same languages. Is the content of their programs similar?
The programming for each is different. RFE/RL and RFA serve as what we call “surrogate” broadcasters, performing the role of an independent press where none is available in that country. VOA provides a broader range of news about the U.S. and the world, and U.S. policies under the same standard of accuracy and balance.
Q: How many people do you reach?
BBG broadcasters reach 175 million people around the world each week with more than 3,000 hours of weekly broadcasting.
Q: How do you measure effectiveness?
The BBG measures effectiveness in terms of the size of our audience, the quality and reliability of our programming, and whether our broadcasts increase the audience's understanding of current events and American society and policies.
We contract with InterMedia, an independent research organization, to conduct both qualitative and quantitative audience and market research and rely on industry experts such as AC Nielsen.
Audience size is measured as the number of adults (15+) who "listened or viewed last week" as determined by random sampling in the target area. This is the agreed-upon standard used by most international broadcasters. By that measure, the BBG's audience has increased 75 percent since 2002.
The nature of our broadcasting, which aims at many countries where information is tightly controlled or where populations are hard to access, means that some audiences are difficult to measure. Countries or regions for which we can only conduct non-representative surveys, such as North Korea or Tibet, are not included in our audience estimates.