TITLE: 1997 Research Portfolio (Interim). SUBJECT: Program Evaluations Series: NIJ Research in Brief Published: November 1997 93 pages 151,753 bytes Figures, charts, forms, and tables are not included in this ASCII plain-text file. To view this document in its entirety, download the Adobe Acrobat graphic file available from this Web site or order a print copy from NCJRS at 800-851-3420. National Institute of Justice Research in Brief Jeremy Travis, Director November 1997 1997 Research Portfolio (Interim) This Research in Brief presents ongoing research, evaluation, and program development projects supported by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) through June 30, 1997. A complete listing of awards through fiscal year 1997 is forthcoming. Each project in this portfolio is part of NIJ's overall strategic plan to respond to the Nation's critical criminal justice concerns. Included are grants, interagency and cooperative agreements, contracts, and fellowships, including awards supported by the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (the Crime Act) and work conducted in partnership with the U.S. Department of Defense. ------------------------------------------------------- NIJ's Research and Evaluation Solicitations The Institute's approach to research is described in the NIJ Prospectus, Building Knowledge About Crime and Justice, and an open solicitation invites investigator-initiated proposals in broadly defined areas of research. The Institute also issues separate, focused solicitations for research on specific issues and programs, including those emphasized by the 1994 Crime Act: community policing, sentencing and correctional programs, violence against women, and drug courts. ----------------------------------------------------------- Organization of the Portfolio The portfolio is organized into four main topic areas: Criminal Behavior, Crime Control and Prevention, Criminal Justice System, and Technology Research and Development. Subtopics include the following types of research activities: o Extramural research--awards in the form of grants, interagency agreements, cooperative agreements, and fellowships made to organizations and researchers not affiliated with NIJ. o Intramural research--projects conducted by NIJ staff. o Research Applications Contract Projects--projects that focus on the dissemination of critical research findings and important innovations in criminal justice practices. Within each subtopic, the projects are listed alphabetically by title. ------------------------------------------------------- For Further Information For information about NIJ programs, publications, or final reports, contact the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) at (301) 519-5500 or (800) 851-3420. For online access to this Portfolio, connect to NIJ's World Wide Web page at http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij or the Justice Information Center at http://www.ncjrs.org. For information regarding the 1994 Crime Act, contact the Department of Justice Response Center at (800) 421-6770, or see Criminal Justice Research under the Crime Act--1995 to 1996 (NCJ 166142). ------------------------------------------------------- CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR o Extramural Research Alcohol Problems and Violence Against Women University of Northern Iowa William R. Downs 96-WT-NX-0005 This study is describing the relationship between alcohol abuse and domestic violence among two at-risk populations--women in alcohol treatment programs and women receiving services as victims of domestic violence. Breaking the Cycle University of Alabama--Birmingham L. Foster Cook 96-IJ-CX-0065 This award supports a demonstration project that tests hypotheses about the linkages between drugs and crime by combining drug treatment with criminal justice sanctions and incentives. Brooklyn Domestic Violence Experiment Victim Services, Inc. Robert Davis 94-IJ-CX-0047 This award supports an experimental evaluation of a batterers' treatment program in Brooklyn, New York, to determine rates of new violence. Changing Patterns of Homicide and Social Policy in Three American Cities North Carolina State University Margaret Zahn 95-IJ-CX-0115 This research documents changes in the types and numbers of homicides across time in three American cities to determine neighborhood correlates of homicide victimization and offending. Childhood Victimization and Adult Violence: Using Multiple Measures to Better Estimate Offending State University of New York--Albany, Research Foundation Cathy Spatz Widom 93-IJ-CX-0031 This award, which extends funding for research on childhood victimization and adult violence, focuses on the use of multiple measures to better estimate offending. COMBAT (Community-Backed Anti-Drug Tax) Program Evaluation Abt Associates Inc. Dana Hunt 96-IJ-CX-0091 This evaluation collects data about COMBAT and analyzes the cost-effectiveness of a wide variety of programs to enforce drug laws, prosecute and punish offenders, prevent drug use and associated crime, and treat drug users. Comparing Adult and Juvenile Homicides in Los Angeles University of Southern California Cheryl Maxson 97-IJ-CX-0018 This project, part of a series of homicide studies, expands to adult homicides an extensive data collection currently under way on juvenile homicides in Los Angeles to develop recommendations for improved criminal justice and community responses. Computerization and Validation of an Inventory to Assess Adult and Juvenile Sex Offenders Brandeis University Raymond Knight 94-IJ-CX-0049 This project continues the development of diagnostic instruments and offender typologies, including the Multidimensional Assessment of Sex and Aggression, for both adult and juvenile offenders. Correlates of Specialization and Escalation in Criminal Careers Pennsylvania State University, Office of Sponsored Programs Chester Britt 97-IJ-CX-0020 This project is investigating factors that might predict the likelihood that offenders will specialize in a crime type or escalate to more serious forms of crime over the course of their criminal career. Cost Analysis of Day Reporting Centers Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation Amy Craddock 97-IJ-CX-0006 This analysis is examining whether the benefits of providing day reporting centers exceed the costs and assessing how to increase program efficiency. Delinquent Networks in Philadelphia: Policing Gangs Temple University Joan McCord 92-IJ-CX-K008 This project focuses on gang structures, delinquent networks, gang interaction patterns, the ways in which gang structures affect individual involvement in criminal activities, and the criminal justice system's response to these activities. Developmental Antecedents of Sexual Aggression Joseph J. Peters Institute Robert Prentky 94-IJ-CX-0031 This project collects data on convicted rapists, self-reported sexually coercive college students, and two control groups to determine if the developmental antecedents of sexual aggression differ among the four groups. Dissemination and Communication Activities of the National Consortium for Violence Research National Science Foundation Harmon M. Hosch 97-IJ-CX-A060 This award supports vigorous communication between researchers and practitioners associated with the National Consortium for Violence Research, including commenting on potential research issues, providing feedback on implementation of research findings, and advising on the constraints and successes of recent approaches to prevent or reduce violence. Efficacy of Court-Mandated Counseling for Domestic Violence Offenders: A Broward County Experiment Florida Atlantic University Lynette Feder 96-WT-NX-0008 This research assesses the effectiveness of a 26-week counseling intervention for batterers based on the Duluth, Minnesota, model. Data from probation reports, monthly treatment attendance and participation reports, police contacts, and offender and victim reports of violence both prior to and after treatment are analyzed. Evaluating the Impact of Alternative Placement: Long-Term Followup of Adjudicated Delinquents University of Illinois--Chicago Michael Fendrich 95-IJ-CX-0108 This study explores the relative impact of alternatives to State training schools on the recidivism of adjudicated delinquents. Evaluation of Breaking the Cycle The Urban Institute Adele Harrell 97-IJ-CX-0013 This award supports evaluation of a comprehensive and coordinated program in Birmingham, Alabama, designed to reduce substance abuse and criminal activity and improve the health and social functioning of drug-involved offenders by combining drug treatment with criminal justice sanctions and incentives. Evaluation of G.R.E.A.T. University of Nebraska--Omaha Finn-Aage Esbensen 94-IJ-CX-0058 This project supports the longitudinal evaluation of the Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.) Program, a school-based gang prevention curriculum taught by law enforcement officers. Exploration of the Experience and Needs of Formerly Intimate Stalking Victims West Chester University Mary P. Brewster 95-WT-NX-0002 This research identifies the evolution and patterns of stalking behavior; the psychological, financial, physical, and behavioral effects of stalking on its victims; the effectiveness (or ineffectiveness) of legal mechanisms in protecting victims; the various needs of stalking victims; the factors related to subsequent violence in stalking cases; and related issues. Exploring the Links Between Substance Abuse and Domestic Violence Research Triangle Institute James Collins, NIJ Visiting Fellow 97-IJ-CX-0009 This award supports a study of programs that integrate domestic violence services and substance abuse treatment for both batterers and victims. Family and Community Violence: Experiences of Adolescents Regents of the University of California--Los Angeles Susan B. Sorenson 96-IJ-CX-0017 This project studies the relationship between exposure to family violence and subsequent violence-related attitudes, victimization, and perpetration in an ethnically diverse sample of adolescents living in the Los Angeles area. Female Gang Involvement in the Midwest: Two-City Comparison University of Southern California Jody Miller 96-IJ-CX-0005 This project explores the etiology of female participation in gangs in Cleveland and Columbus, Ohio, and the structural and cultural contexts in which gangs emerge and operate. Firearm Acquisition, Violent Crime, and Juvenile Offenders Battelle Memorial Institute, Human Affairs Research Center Barbara Rader 96-IJ-CX-0027 This project interviews juvenile offenders who have been convicted of crimes involving a firearm to examine their motives and sources of firearm acquisition; the relationship between gangs, drugs, and guns; and offenders' perceptions of triggering events. Girl Scouts Beyond Bars Program: Research and Evaluation University of Baltimore Kathleen Block 94-IJ-CX-K013 This evaluation of the Maryland Girl Scouts Beyond Bars program assesses the impact of enhanced visitation on the relationship between incarcerated mothers and their daughters by collecting data on the children's school and home life. High School Youth, Weapons, and Violence: A National Survey of Weapon-Related Behavior, Crime, and Victimization Tulane University Joseph Sheley 94-IJ-CX-0033 This project conducts a national survey of a random sample of 3,000 male high school juniors and seniors to determine weapon-related violence, victimization, and associated behavior. Homicide in New York City, 1790-1990 Regents of the University of California--Los Angeles Eric Monkkonen 96-IJ-CX-0016 This award supports continuation of a data series on homicides over a period of two centuries in New York City. Immigration and Naturalization Service Detention and Removal: A "White Paper" Yale Law School Peter H. Schuck 97-IJ-CX-0005 This report examines the limitations of the Immigration and Naturalization Service's (INS) current detention strategies and explores possible improvements and alternatives. Impact Evaluation of the Opportunity To Succeed (OPTS) Program The Urban Institute Shellie Rossman 94-IJ-CX-0010 This 4-year evaluation includes a process evaluation, an impact evaluation, and a cost-benefit analysis of the OPTS program, which provides an array of services to probationers and parolees returning to their communities. Murder in Space City Reexamined: Houston Homicide Sam Houston State University Victoria Brewer 97-IJ-CX-0014 This award, part of a series of homicide studies, is analyzing data from Houston, Texas, police files to determine factors that correlate with high homicide rates and case disposition. Patterns and Trends in Youth-Perpetrated Homicides in the United States Research Triangle Institute Robert Flewelling 95-IJ-CX-0114 This project examines patterns and trends in youth-perpetrated homicides since 1980 and explores social and demographic determinants of the recent increases in youth homicide. Patterns of Violence: An Analysis of Individual Offenders University of Nebraska--Omaha Julie Horney 96-IJ-CX-0015 This study examines varying levels of violence by individuals across time, including the avoidance of violence in high-risk situations. Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods President and Fellows of Harvard Felton J. Earls 93-IJ-CX-K005 This longitudinal study, which is sponsored jointly with the MacArthur Foundation, is collecting data over an 8-year period on 7,000 children and youths from birth to age 18, their families, and their neighborhoods to trace the development of delinquent and criminal behavior patterns, including substance abuse. Risk of Serious Injury or Death in Intimate Violence Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority Carolyn R. Block 96-IJ-CX-0020 This project identifies factors that place battered women in danger of life-threatening injury or death and develops high-risk profiles by analyzing cases in which women and men were killed through intimate violence. Secondary Analyses of the Impact of Co-offending in Criminal Justice Data Sets Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Elin J. Waring 96-IJ-CX-0012 This award supports sophisticated statistical analyses to develop improved models that can assess the impact of co-offending in terms of criminal justice outcomes. Situational Contexts of Gun Use by Young Males in an Inner City Columbia University School of Public Health Jeffrey Fagan 96-IJ-CX-0013 This research analyzes gun use among young males, including their decisionmaking process related to the criminal use of guns and the factors implicated in homicides. Supplemental Survey of Gun Owners President and Fellows of Harvard David Hemenway 95-IJ-CX-0094 This project conducts a national random-digit-dial survey of 3,200 gun owners to supplement findings on self-defense produced in surveys by the Harvard Injury Control Center and NIJ. Targeting Cycles of Domestic Violence: Assessment, Review, and Recommendations Seattle Police Department Dan W. Fleissener 95-IJ-CX-0097 This project supports a partnership between the University of Washington and the Seattle Police Department to gather information on the cycle of violence and develop more effective measures against domestic violence. Testing Hair Samples and the Pennsylvania Prison Project Psychemedics Corporation Chris Berka 96-IJ-CX-C005 This project conducts radio-immunoassays on head hair specimens to determine recent and past drug use among prison inmates. Understanding, Preventing, and Controlling Domestic Violence Incidents University of Massachusetts--Lowell Research Foundation Eve Buzawa 95-IJ-CX-0027 This project examines official records and conducts indepth interviews with batterers and victims to determine the effect of judicial intervention on batterers sentenced in the Quincy, Massachusetts, District Court. Violence and Threats of Violence Against Women in America Center for Policy Research Patricia Tjaden 93-IJ-CX-0012 This supplement continues the study of a national telephone survey of 8,000 women and 8,000 men age 18 and older to advance knowledge about the nature, extent, and consequences of various forms of violence and threats of violence against women, including stalking and childhood victimization. Youth, Firearms, and Violence in Atlanta: A Problem-Solving Approach Emory University Arthur Kellermann 94-MU-CX-K003 This study employs a problem-solving approach to reduce gun violence among youth in metropolitan Atlanta. The approach involves working with the community and with State and local governments to analyze the magnitude, extent, and characteristics of the problem. Youth Violence, Guns, and Links to Illicit Drug Markets Carnegie Mellon University Alfred Blumstein 95-IJ-CX-0005 This project studies the recent growth in juvenile homicide rates by race and age through examination of data on homicide rates, drug arrest rates, arrest rates for weapons offenses, the number of homicides involving guns, and other variables. ------------------------------------------------------- The Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) Program The Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) program in 23 sites performs drug tests on samples of arrestees brought to booking facilities. The test findings indicate levels of drug use, determine what drugs are used in specific jurisdictions, and track changes in arrestees' drug use patterns. DUF--Cleveland Telecommunications Pilot Project Cleveland State University Sonia Alemagno 96-IJ-CX-A009 This award implements a pilot project using telecommunications software to conduct interviews with arrestees at DUF sites. DUF--Examination of Methamphetamine Use San Diego Association of Governments Susan Pennell 96-IJ-CX-0026 This project examines the dynamics of methamphetamine use, market structure, methods of payment, and associated illegal activity in several DUF sites. DUF--Identifying and Prioritizing Local Social Risk Factors Colorado Division of Criminal Justice Kim English 96-IJ-CX-0031 This award analyzes the socioeconomic and criminal histories of drug-involved arrestees in Denver to expand understanding of their characteristics. DUF--Laboratory Analysis of Urine Specimens National Center for Forensic Science Lionel Menard 94-IJ-CX-C009 This award supports laboratory analysis to screen for 10 drugs in samples collected at DUF sites. DUF--Statistical Support Aspen Systems Corporation Lilly Gardner 93-IJ-CX-C002 This award supports data analysis, maintenance of data files, preparation of publications, and periodic training of DUF personnel. Atlanta DUF Georgia State University Institute of Government Administration Kirk Elifson Birmingham DUF City of Birmingham L. Foster Cook Chicago DUF TASC of Illinois, Inc. Melody Heaps Cleveland DUF Cuyahoga County Board of County Commissioners Bob Pace Dallas DUF Dallas County Sheriff's Department Charles Fawns Denver DUF Colorado Division of Criminal Justice Kim English Detroit DUF Michigan State University Tim Bynum Fort Lauderdale DUF Broward County Sheriff's Office Ron Cochran Houston DUF Houston-Galveston Area Council Brett Arkinson Indianapolis DUF Marion County (Indiana) Justice Agency Cindy Mowry Los Angeles DUF Los Angeles County, Inc., Public Health Foundation Karen Garcia Manhattan DUF New York City Department of Mental Health, Mental Retardation, and Alcoholism Services Patricia Thomas Miami DUF Metro-Dade Police Department Dorothy Fletcher New Orleans DUF Orleans Parish Criminal Sheriff's Office William C. Hunter Omaha DUF Office of Public Safety, Police Division Frederick Power Philadelphia DUF Temple University Jack R. Greene Phoenix DUF TASC of Maricopa County, Inc. Barbara Zugor Portland DUF TASC of Oregon, Inc. Diane Wiscarson San Antonio DUF San Antonio Metropolitan Health District Sergio Soto San Diego DUF San Diego Association of Governments Susan Pennell San Jose DUF Santa Clara County Bureau of Drug Abuse Services Robert Garner St. Louis DUF St. Louis (Missouri) Metropolitan Police Department Scott H. Decker Washington, D.C., DUF District of Columbia Pretrial Services Agency Janis Bergin ------------------------------------------------------- Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Client Motivation in Therapeutic Community Treatment for Offenders University of Delaware--Newark Costel D. Denson 97-RT-VX-K004 This project is evaluating the expansion of Delaware's therapeutic continuum of residential treatment for drug abusing prisoners. Evaluation of Florida's Residential Substance Abuse Treatment for State Prisoners Program Florida State University Olivia H. Pope 97-RT-VX-K007 This project is evaluating the implementation and treatment effects of the Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Program at three Florida correctional facilities. Evaluation of the Forever Free Substance Abuse Program Regents of the University of California--Los Angeles Michael Pendergast 97-RT-VX-K003 This award supports evaluation of "Forever Free," a 6-month residential treatment program for women inmates that is followed by community residential treatment. Evaluation of the Maxey Substance Abuse Treatment Program University of Michigan David Plawchan 97-RT-VX-K008 This award supports an evaluation of the Maxey Training School for substance abusing youth involved in the Michigan juvenile justice system. Evaluation of Residential Substance Abuse Treatment University of Wisconsin--Madison Paul D. Moberg 97-RT-VX-K001 This project is evaluating local implementation of Wisconsin's residential substance abuse treatment program, which is located in a minimum security facility and offers a therapeutic community for prisoners who are dually diagnosed with psychiatric disorders. Evaluation of Residential Substance Abuse Treatment for State Prison Inmates University of New Mexico Robert Wilson 97-RT-VX-K002 This project is evaluating the "We Are Recovering" therapeutic community at the Southern New Mexico Correctional Facility and developing a framework for future evaluation of the program's aftercare component. National Evaluation of Prison Substance Abuse Treatment National Development and Research Institute Douglas Lipton 97-RT-VX-K006 This project is conducting a national process evaluation of the Residential Substance Abuse Treatment for State Prisoners Program, providing assistance to the States, and performing preliminary work on an outcome evaluation. Therapeutic Milieu in Treatment of Offenders: Evaluation in Maryland University of Maryland--College Park Faye S. Taxman 97-RT-VX-K005 This award supports a process and impact evaluation of Maryland's comprehensive strategy for providing treatment services to offenders both during incarceration and upon release through an aftercare component. ------------------------------------------------------- o Intramural Projects The following research is being conducted by NIJ staff: Analysis of Juvenile Drug Use Trends and Patterns K. Jack Riley and Angela Moore-Parmley Using data from Drug Use Forecasting sites, researchers are analyzing drug use among juveniles. The work examines prevalence, initiation into illicit drug use, living arrangements, and education, and compares juvenile self-reports of drug use with test results. Additionally, trends in the DUF data are being compared with trends reported in the Monitoring the Future program. Assessing the Incapacitative and Deterrent Effects of Oleoresin Capsicum (Pepper Spray) Steven M. Edwards and Robert J. Kaminski This project employs multivariate and time-series analyses to assess the effectiveness of pepper spray in making arrests and to determine whether its introduction into a large police department deterred assaults on police officers. Effects of Spatial and Temporal Aggregation on the Analysis of Patterns of Homicide Seth Flanders and Nancy G. La Vigne Using 3 years of data from Washington, D.C., homicides, this study explores various grouping methods and areal unit sizes to determine the extent to which these factors produce bias or inefficient estimates in regression analysis. Impact of Videotaped Police-Citizen Encounters on Public Perceptions of Law Enforcement Eric S. Jefferis and Robert J. Kaminski Using survey data from a random sample of Cincinnati residents over an 11-year period, this study examines how public opinion was affected by the televising of a violent arrest of an African-American youth. Mobility of DUF Arrestees Robert Langworthy and Nancy G. La Vigne This study is analyzing ZIP code data from arrestees in Drug Use Forecasting samples to determine the concentrations of arrestees, the concentrations of offenses, and the relationship between where offenders live and where they commit crimes. Patterns and Correlates of Assaults on Police Robert Kaminski and Robert Langworthy This project examines assaults on police officers in 77 cities from 1980 to 1994 and analyzes a variety of police organizational factors, sociodemographic characteristics of cities, and officer and suspect attributes. Race and Recidivism Pamela K. Lattimore, Richard L. Linster, and Christy A. Visher This project examines the relationship between race (black, Hispanic, and white) and criminal recidivism among approximately 4,000 male youth released from the California Youth Authority. Use of Force Between the Police and Persons with Impaired Judgement Raymond L. Downs, Robert J. Kaminski, and Clete DiGiovanni Researchers, working in partnership with the National Naval Medical Center, are assessing the differences in use of force on arrestees who are and are not judgmentally impaired due to drug use or psychiatric illness, the effectiveness of the force, and the associated risks to the officer and the arrestee. ------------------------------------------------------- o Research Applications Contract Projects Abt Associates Inc. Joan Mullen OJP-C-94-007 Addressing HIV/AIDS, STDs, and TB in Jails and Prisons This project is updating information on the policies and procedures in adult and juvenile correctional systems to address the continuing epidemics of HIV/AIDS, STDs, and TB among incarcerated offenders. Drug Treatment in the Age of Managed Care State and local community corrections officials are identifying and describing current practices and key issues associated with providing drug treatment to incarcerated drug abusers. ------------------------------------------------------- CRIME CONTROL AND PREVENTION o Extramural Research Ada County Sheriff's Office and Boise State University Boise State University John Crank 96-IJ-CX-0085 Through the partnership created by this award, researchers are surveying citizens to better understand their needs and thereby enhance the community's capacity to access information about the sheriff's office. Adolescent Violence: Lethal and Nonlethal Columbia University School of Public Health Jeffrey Fagan 97-IJ-CX-0023 This study of violent incidents among 15-24 year olds living in New York City in 1986-1995 is identifying the individual, social, and economic risk factors that contribute to violence among young people. Alachua County Sheriff's Office Research Partnership with the University of Florida Alachua County Sheriff's Office Louise Grimm 96-IJ-CX-0087 Researchers, working in partnership with the Alachua County Sheriff's Office, are conducting a detailed review of the research needs of the sheriff's office, improving research and communication skills, and determining if the communication program has enhanced the target neighborhood residents' attitudes toward law enforcement. Analysis of Police Use of Force Data University of South Carolina Geoffrey P. Alpert 95-IJ-CX-0104 This project reanalyzes and compares the data sets on police use of force from the Metro-Dade, Florida, and Eugene and Springfield, Oregon, police departments. Through data analysis, researchers are determining the relationship between the amount of resistance met by police and the amount of force used to control suspects. Assault Crisis Teams: Preventing Youth Violence Through Monitoring, Mentoring, and Mediation St. Louis (Missouri) Metropolitan Police Department Richard Rosenfeld 94-IJ-CX-K012 This project creates assault crisis teams that work in an emergency medical treatment center serving high-risk populations, in a juvenile detention facility, in an adult medium-security institution, and in one or two neighborhoods with high levels of violence. The project includes an evaluation of the teams' impact. Assessing Community Police Performance in Philadelphia Temple University Jack R. Greene 95-IJ-CX-0084 This collaboration between Temple University and the Philadelphia Police Department seeks to better understand community-oriented policing by more precisely measuring routine patrol activities, problem-solving capabilities, and the impact of policing philosophy on both the police and the community. Assessing a Model of Police-Community Collaboration Vera Institute of Justice, Inc. Douglas Young 96-IJ-CX-0064 This evaluation explores police relationships with clients in a substance abuse treatment program to enrich understanding about the design and implementation of crime control strategies. Assessment of Family Violence Interventions National Academy of Sciences Rosemary Chalk 95-IJ-CX-0001 A committee of experts is developing a synthesis of the relevant research and expert opinions regarding the strengths and limitations of existing program interventions in the area of family violence. Awareness and Perceptions of Community Policing in Immigrant Communities Victim Services, Inc. Robert Davis 96-IJ-CX-0073 This project is investigating the extent to which awareness of community policing is penetrating immigrant communities and the perceptions of immigrants about law enforcement. Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, Police Family Group Conferencing Project Community Service Foundation, Inc. Theodore Wachtel 95-IJ-CX-0042 This project evaluates the effectiveness of family group conferencing, an innovative community policing technique that involves victims, offenders, and their families and friends in addressing moderately serious juvenile crimes. Beyond Arrest: The Portland, Oregon, Experiment Portland State University Annette Jolin 95-IJ-CX-0054 This study explores whether arrest, in the context of a coordinated domestic violence response system, has a greater deterrent effect than arrest by itself and evaluates the effectiveness of the Portland Police Bureau's Domestic Violence Reduction Unit. Building Effective Strategies for Community Policing State University of New York--Buffalo Raymond Hunt 95-IJ-CX-0081 This project supports the collaboration between a university team and the Buffalo Police Department to help define, clarify, develop, and deploy a vision and strategy for community policing. Childhood Victimization and Delinquency, Adult Criminality, and Violent Criminal Behavior: A Replication and Extension Washington Department of Social and Health Services Diana J. English 97-IJ-CX-0017 This study is comparing substantiated cases of child abuse and neglect to subsequent court records in King County, Washington, to determine the relationship of childhood victimization to delinquency, adult criminality, and violence. Citizen Involvement in Community Policing Institute for Social Analysis Royer F. Cook 95-IJ-CX-0092 This evaluation focuses on police-citizen interaction and community policing in two cities where the national impact evaluation of Operation Weed and Seed is being conducted. Collaboration Between Abt Associates and the Hartford Police Department Abt Associates Inc. Joan Mullen 95-IJ-CX-0079 This evaluation examines an innovative joint police-community program in Hartford, Connecticut, that directly addresses a key aspect of the 1994 Crime Act: development and implementation of innovative programs that permit members of the community to assist law enforcement agencies in reorienting the emphasis of their activities from reacting to crime to preventing crime. Collaboration Between the Oakland Police Department and the University of California Regents of the University of California--Berkeley Jerome Skolnick 95-IJ-CX-0046 This project supports collaboration between the Oakland Police Department and the University of California--Berkeley to encourage police accountability to the department and to the citizens of Oakland. It is also evaluating the department's move to implement community-oriented policing through decentralization. Community Component of Community Policing in Los Angeles University of Southern California Cheryl Maxson 96-IJ-CX-0069 This project is developing measurement tools to assess community attitudes and perceptions of police activities and police-community relationships and is examining individual and community factors in citizens' reactions to community policing. Findings from mail and telephone surveys are being compared to help decisionmakers select appropriate measurement tools and better understand the results of assessment efforts in different locations across the country. Community Policing in El Centro, California: Strengthening Police-Citizen Cooperation in a Bilingual, Multicultural Community City of El Centro Harold D. Carter 95-IJ-CX-0049 Working with faculty from San Diego State University, the El Centro Police Department is identifying and testing strategies for improving cooperation and building trust between police officers and citizens who may not speak the same language or share a common cultural experience. Community Policing in Neighborhoods Michigan State University Stephen D. Mastrofski 95-IJ-CX-0071 This study addresses several aspects of community policing, including how the police and the community interact with each other in a community policing environment, how officers spend their time and use their authority to intervene in citizens' lives, how police control problem citizens, and how law enforcement agencies obtain cooperation between the police and the public. Computer Mapping of Crime in Public Housing U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Harold Holzman 96-IJ-CX-A022 This award supports the needs assessment and implementation phases of a computer-assisted geographic mapping system for a police department and a public housing agency in a case study city. Consent to Search and Seize University of Missouri--St. Louis Scott H. Decker 95-IJ-CX-0067 This project evaluates the St. Louis Firearm Suppression Program, an innovative policing effort to (1) reduce youth firearm possession and violence by obtaining parental consent to search the homes of juveniles suspected of possessing a gun, and (2) document aspects of problem-oriented policing most responsible for successful outcomes. Controlling Crime and Disorder Hot Spots Using Civil Remedies University of Cincinnati Lorraine Green Mazerolle 95-IJ-CX-0039 This 18-month study assesses the Oakland, California, Police Department's Beat Health Unit Initiative, which uses civil remedies for drug and crime abatement, neighborhood improvement, and cooling down of hot spots. The assessment's aim is to inform policymakers of the types of communities most likely to provide successful environments for such initiatives. Coordinated Response to Motor Vehicle Thefts: Evaluation of Enforcement and Crime Prevention Efforts San Diego Association of Governments Susan Pennell 94-IJ-CX-0027 This evaluation examines the effectiveness of using enhanced crime analysis information and mapping techniques targeted at enforcement and prevention of motor vehicle thefts to improve efforts to control and prevent auto theft. Council Grove-Kansas State University Law Enforcement Team Project Kansas State University Kay K. Cogley 95-IJ-CX-0045 This project forms a long-term partnership between law enforcement in the rural community of Council Grove, Kansas, and Kansas State University to provide systematic data on public perceptions of the area's style of community policing. Creating a Culture of Community Policing: An Albuquerque Police Department-University of New Mexico Research Partnership University of New Mexico Lydia Salas 96-IJ-CX-0068 This project is studying the fundamental dynamics involved in implementing community policing throughout all departments of the Albuquerque Police Department. Criminology Against Crime: Criminologists and Crime Control for the Indianapolis Police Department City of Indianapolis Donald Christ 95-IJ-CX-0077 This evaluation examines two key elements of police accountability. One is the IMPACT (Indianapolis Model of Police Accountability for Community Problemsolving Targets) program, a computer-aided management information and evaluation program for community policing. The other is the New York Police Department's model of weekly crime control strategy meetings, which promote intensive review of local crime patterns by top police commanders. Cross-Site Research on Locally Initiated Collaborations Institute for Law and Justice, Inc. J. Thomas McEwen 95-IJ-CX-0083 This ongoing evaluation of locally initiated research partnerships includes newly funded collaborations. The purpose is to determine how local police-researcher partnerships are formed, how they operate, what factors lead to successful collaborations, and what research contributions can be made. Cutting Edge of Technology: An Information Campaign International Association of Chiefs of Police Charles E. Higginbotham 92-IJ-CX-0003 This project seeks to ensure that the innovative law enforcement technology applications developed and researched by the National Institute of Justice are incorporated into police operations. Demonstrating a Cost-Effective Approach for Locally Initiated Police Research in Small- and Medium-Sized Cities LINC Marcia R. Chaiken 95-IJ-CX-0047 This award supports partnerships involving four police departments (Eureka and Redding, California; Pocatello, Idaho; and Rapid City, South Dakota) and police researchers from the Institute for Law and Justice, the Joint Centers for Justice Studies, and the Police Executive Research Forum. The partnerships develop, test, and evaluate processes for linking researchers and police departments. Determinants of Citizen and Police Involvement in Community Policing City of Boston Luis Garcia 96-IJ-CX-0071 This research measures community attitudes toward and involvement in community policing in Boston, Massachusetts, and identifies individual and community factors associated with citizen participation in community policing. Domestic Violence Intervention Project East Bay Community Foundation Maria Theresa Viramontes 96-IJ-CX-0098 This research partnership among the East Bay Public Safety Corridor Partnership, the National Council on Crime and Delinquency, and the Berkeley (California) Police Department is developing and testing screening tools to aid police in the decisionmaking process in domestic violence situations in an effort to integrate the criminal justice and rehabilitative/treatment models into a single comprehensive approach to responding to domestic violence. Domestic Violence Shelter Population in San Diego San Diego Association of Governments Susan Pennell 97-IJ-CX-0007 This award supports creation of a central repository of comprehensive information on domestic violence shelters and the types of services needed to improve delivery of services. Educating the Public About Police: The Lima Public Service Announcement Project University of Cincinnati Mitchell Chamlin 95-IJ-CX-0055 This evaluation examines the ability of four educational public service announcements on police-citizen interaction to affect police-citizen outcomes. Enhancing the Design and Analytical Potential of Crime Mapping Southern Illinois University James LeBeau 97-LB-VX-0002 This award provides training to NIJ's Crime Mapping Research Center staff in the use of cartographic and spatial analytic applications and in the research and development of specific mapping applications. Establishing a Research Partnership Between the Omaha Police Department and the University of Nebraska at Omaha University of Nebraska--Omaha Vincent Webb 95-IJ-CX-0057 This project builds on an ongoing collaborative research partnership in which Omaha Police Department professionals and university researchers identify the department's research needs, develop a community policing-related research agenda, carry out the agenda, and assess its impact on the department and the community. Establishing a Research Partnership: Forest Park, Ohio, Police Division and the University of Cincinnati University of Cincinnati Lawrence Travis 96-IJ-CX-0088 This partnership is working to increase the capacity of the Forest Park Police Division to conduct and utilize research and improve sensitivity among university faculty and students to the operational problems of police agencies. Evaluating Community Policing in Public Housing Temple University Jack R. Greene 95-IJ-CX-0041 This evaluation assesses the implementation of a community policing strategy by the Philadelphia Housing Authority and its resident police agency across six public housing developments in Philadelphia that are linked by a common thoroughfare. Evaluation of the Bureau of Justice Assistance's Comprehensive Communities Program BOTEC Analysis Corporation Ann Marie Rocheleau 94-IJ-CX-0065 This project expands a process evaluation of the Comprehensive Communities Program to include an additional six sites, at a reduced level of study, and to increase the intensity of study at six sites currently under evaluation. Evaluation of Chicago's Citywide Community Policing Program Northwestern University Wesley G. Skogan 94-IJ-CX-0046 This project is continuing a long-term evaluation of Chicago's community policing program by monitoring implementation of the program, trends in program awareness and citizen involvement, public perceptions of the police, and the impact on the extent of crime and disorder problems. Evaluation of Community Policing Project Hagerstown (Maryland) Department of Police Dale J. Jones 95-IJ-CX-0051 This project, conducted by researchers from Shippensburg University in Pennsylvania, assesses the implementation of the Hagerstown, Maryland, Police Department's community policing program, which was designed to reduce fear of crime and improve the quality of life for residents and merchants in two neighborhoods. Evaluation of Community Policing in Tempe, Arizona Institute for Law and Justice, Inc. J. Thomas McEwen 95-IJ-CX-0090 This continuing evaluation considers how a police department changes, adapts, and sustains community policing over time in efforts that encompass the entire city. Evaluation of Community Policing in Two Medium-Sized Cities University of Illinois--Chicago Dennis P. Rosenbaum 95-IJ-CX-0068 This evaluation assesses two types of initiatives: long-term organizational efforts to implement community policing strategies on a citywide basis and new, multiagency efforts to reduce violence and fear in and around local schools. Evaluation of the Dallas Police Department's Interactive Community Policing Program University of Texas--Arlington Charles H. Mindel 95-IJ-CX-0070 This evaluation examines the implementation of an Interactive Community Policing Model (ICPM) in Dallas, Texas; codifies and measures the ICPM; develops a replicable implementation technology; and assesses the effects of the ICPM on the community and the police department. Evaluation of the Department of Transportation Regulation of Auto Parts Marking Abt Associates Inc. William Rhodes 96-IJ-CX-0018 This award evaluates the effectiveness of the parts-marking requirement of the Motor Vehicle Theft Law Enforcement Act of 1984, which was designed to prevent and deter auto theft, inhibit "chop shop" operations, and aid in the recovery of stolen vehicles. Evaluation of the Effects of Fatigue on Police Patrol Officers and Their Relations With the Community Police Executive Research Forum Dennis Jay Kenney 96-IJ-CX-0046 This project is researching the ways in which police officers' hours of work affect job performance. It is also assessing related management and administrative strategies and procedures. Everyday Perceptions of Disorder, Self-Protection Against Crime, and Community Policing Regents of the University of California--Los Angeles Jack Katz 95-IJ-CX-0078 This ethnographic study of five contrasting neighborhoods in the Hollywood area of Los Angeles describes the differences among the residents in their perceptions of disorder and fear of crime, personal strategies for avoiding risk, and definitions of community policing. Examining the Transformation to Community Policing: Organizational Development Characteristics and Issues Institute for Law and Justice, Inc. Edward F. Connors 95-IJ-CX-0091 This evaluation examines the critical elements involved in making a successful transition from a traditional law enforcement agency to a community policing organization. Facilitating Organizational Change: Shaping Philosophies Through Individual and Organizational Evaluations University of South Carolina Geoffrey P. Alpert 95-IJ-CX-0101 These evaluations assess the efforts of police officers and their departments, using input that focuses on the processes of policing in the community and the consequences of the actions taken by officers. Fast Track Program Study: Tracking Nonviolent Juvenile Criminal Offenders Bay City (Michigan) Police Department Penny Phelps 96-IJ-CX-0072 This collaborative research between police officers and university professors is evaluating Fast Track, a youth offender program designed to prevent repeat offenders from recycling through the criminal justice system. Firearms and Violence: Juveniles, Illicit Markets, and Fear President and Fellows of Harvard David M. Kennedy 94-IJ-CX-0056 This project tests the feasibility of preventing juvenile gun violence through problem-solving policing focused on disrupting the illicit market in firearms and reducing juveniles' fear. It also assists the Boston Police Department in analyzing its juvenile gun problem and designing an intervention strategy. First-Line Supervision in the Community Policing Context Police Foundation Earl Hamilton 94-IJ-CX-0044 This project provides empirical and theoretical articulation of the role of a first-line supervisor in a community policing context and will suggest methods of designing training, measuring performance, and providing managerial support. Forging a Florida Law Enforcement Research Coalition Florida State University Anthony Pate 95-IJ- CX-0085 This award supports the Florida Law Enforcement Research Coalition, a coalition of law enforcement officials and planners and university faculty working to improve community policing efforts to reduce crime and improve the quality of life. Forming a Research Partnership: Lansing Police Department and Michigan State University City of Lansing Timothy S. Bynum 95-IJ-CX-0093 This partnership between the Lansing (Michigan) Police Department and Michigan State University continues evaluation activities and enhanced information dissemination that will be integrated into the department's community policing program. Gang Activity in Orange County Regents of the University of California--Irvine Bryan Vila 96-IJ-CX-0030 This award supports a multiagency, regional, cooperative model for reducing gang and youth violence and increasing the understanding of the nature of gang involvement and the distribution of gang crime incidents in Orange County, California. The project includes evaluation and documentation of the model. Geographic Information Systems Spatial Crime Analysis Application Montgomery County (Maryland) Department of Police Timothy Delaney 96-IJ-CX-A029 This award is supplying the Montgomery County Department of Police with equipment and training to implement a computer-assisted geographic mapping system that will enable the department to engage in spatial crime analyses. Gun Density vs. Gun Type: Did More, or More Lethal, Guns Drive Up the Dallas Homicide Rate, 1978-1992 Crime Control Institute Christopher Koper 94-IJ-CX-0038 This project tests three hypotheses on the relationship between gun type, gun availability, and homicide by exploring the effects of guns of varying lethality on urban homicide rates. Handgun Intervention Program Evaluation The Urban Institute Jeffrey A. Roth 95-IJ-CX-0106 This study evaluates the Handgun Intervention Program in the 36th District Court in Detroit, Michigan. The goal of the program is to prevent gun violence among defendants charged with carrying a concealed weapon. Health Care Fraud Control in an Electronic Environment: Phase II President and Fellows of Harvard Malcolm K. Sparrow 96-IJ-CX-0010 This evaluation assesses the state of the art in fraud controls in the health care industry by examining the effects of electronic claims processing and the increased prevalence of managed care on patterns of fraud. Recommendations will be made for improving health care fraud controls. Identification of Work and Family Services for Law Enforcement Personnel Police Research Education Project Elizabeth McGee 95-IJ-CX-0113 This project identifies the work and family stress factors in police officers' lives and the programs provided to assist them. It also surveys a national sample of law enforcement agencies to determine the availability and success of such programs. Identifying Correlates of Police Deviance: An Empirical Study of Police Corruption and Brutality in New York (1975-1996) Temple University Jack R. Greene 96-IJ-CX-0053 This award supports a longitudinal study of New York City police officers who resigned or were dismissed because of corruption or brutality from 1975 through 1996. The study describes these officers in terms of individual, organizational, and community characteristics and identifies the managerial, operational, and scholarly implications. Identifying Strategies to Market Community Policing Indiana University--Bloomington Steven Chermak and Alex Weiss 96-IJ-CX-0078 This project examines the strategies police departments use to market their community policing efforts and their success rate and explores the role of the news media in publicizing community policing. Impact of Charleston, West Virginia, Community-Oriented Policing Marshall University Research Corporation Girmay Berhie 96-IJ-CX-0063 This partnership is studying the impact of community policing in Charleston, West Virginia, on business owners, low-income housing residents, other city residents, and police personnel. Impact of Community Policing Training and Implementation on Police Personnel Arizona State University Robin Haarr 96-IJ-CX-0060 This project is evaluating the extent to which the Phoenix Regional Police Training Academy's program produces desired changes in officers' attitudes, perceptions, beliefs, and behaviors related to community policing philosophies and strategies, problem-solving techniques, and multicultural awareness. Impact Evaluation of the Weed and Seed Program Abt Associates Inc. Terence Dunworth 95-DD-BX-0134 This impact evaluation is assessing outcomes of the Weed and Seed program in eight sites using a multimethod approach. Implementing Community Policing in Los Angeles: A Partnership Between the LAPD, UCLA, and USC Training Research Corporation Edward Smith 95-IJ-CX-0060 This project establishes a partnership between the Los Angeles Police Department and the city's two largest research universities to test whether the implementation of community policing can be accelerated by feeding data into the organization at strategic points and whether such a partnership can be a catalyst in transforming a large and complex police agency. Increasing the Effectiveness of Rural Police Departments Alfred University William Hall 95-IJ-CX-0080 Alfred University and two neighboring towns are conducting a field study to determine how the police departments in the towns can more effectively and efficiently provide services to their communities by using community policing strategies and sharing programs and resources. Integrating Community Policing into the San Diego Regional Law Enforcement Training Center Curriculum San Diego Police Department Donna Warlick 95-IJ-CX-0065 This project enables the San Diego Police Department to analyze the Training Center curriculum, develop modifications that incorporate community policing and problem solving as a common theme, train instructors in the modifications, and evaluate the outcome. Intervention for Elementary School Children Exposed to Community Violence Howard University Hope Hill 95-MU-MU-0026 This project, cofunded with the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, supports an initial evaluation of a culturally appropriate, multilevel, after-school intervention designed to reduce children's likelihood of experiencing the negative psychological effects of violence and engaging in violent behavior. Investigative Function in the Community Policing Context Police Executive Research Forum Mary Ann Wycoff 96-IJ-CX-0081 The study describes existing models for integrating investigations into community policing. A survey of departments examines, among other issues, detectives' roles in community policing. Site visits are being made to promising departments and recommendations formulated for effective integration practices. Joint Police and Social Services Response to Abused Elders Victim Services, Inc. Bruce Taylor 95-IJ-CX-0061 This evaluation, conducted in cooperation with the New York Police Department, examines a joint community policing and social service response to elder abuse. Joint Research Partnership for Community-Oriented Policing St. Louis University James F. Gilsinan 95-IJ-CX-0062 This collaborative project between the university and the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department examines the commitment of first-line supervisors to a community-oriented policing approach and develops criteria for recognizing and rewarding activity that results from this approach. Locally Initiated Research on Community Policing Initiatives in Jefferson County, West Virginia: Process and Outcome Evaluation Jefferson County (West Virginia) Coalition on Substance Abuse Diane C. McCoy 95-IJ-CX-0088 This award continues research into the behaviors and perceptions of uniformed and civilian State law enforcement officials toward community-oriented policing. The research includes an examination of the impact of technological enhancements on the operations and management of small rural police forces. Locally Initiated Research: Developing and Expanding Problem-Solving Partnerships in Jersey City Jersey City (New Jersey) Police Department Frank Gajewski 95-IJ-CX-0076 This partnership between the Jersey City Police Department and the Center for Crime Prevention Studies at Rutgers University addresses community policing issues in 32 neighborhood improvement districts. Locally Initiated Research Partnership: Framingham, Massachusetts, Police Department and Social Science Research and Evaluation, Inc. Social Science Research and Evaluation, Inc. Robert Apsler 96-IJ-CX-0070 This award establishes a partnership between a police department and a research organization to assess an innovative program in which victims who have taken out restraining orders receive cellular phones to contact police in an emergency. Measuring and Analyzing Crime Patterns and Trends with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) John Jay College of Criminal Justice and Research Foundation of the City University of New York John Mollenkopf 95-IJ-CX-0103 This collaborative project between the New York Police Department and two City University of New York research centers improves analysis and evaluation techniques to increase understanding of crime incidence and control dynamics. Meeting the Needs of Racine Citizens: Evaluation of a Community Policing Program University of Wisconsin--Parkside Helen Rosenberg 96-IJ-CX-0093 Residents, business owners, politicians, educators, social service personnel, and police are partners in this systematic study of the impact of community policing in Racine, Wisconsin. National Assessment of Community Policing Training Institute for Law and Justice, Inc. J. Thomas McEwen 94-IJ-CX-0042 This project assesses the nature, quality, and scope of training in community policing through indepth telephone interviews and a national mail survey of a representative sample of police chiefs, sheriffs, and training academy directors. National Evaluation of the Youth Firearm Violence Initiative Abt Associates Inc. Terence Dunworth 95-IJ-CX-0069 This evaluation of the Youth Firearm Violence Initiative, sponsored by the Office of Community-Oriented Policing Services, is describing the strategies being implemented by various sites, assessing what factors contribute to the program's success or failure, and identifying which strategies can be transferred to other jurisdictions. National Study of Delinquency Prevention in Schools Gottfredson Associates, Inc. Gary D. Gottfredson 96-MU-MU-0008 This research is describing the prevalence of different types of school-based delinquency prevention programs and evaluating the implementation of such programs. Organizational Change and Leadership: Conditions and Strategies for Creating a Culture of Community Policing President and Fellows of Harvard Mark Moore 95-IJ-CX-0059 This evaluation determines what internal and external organizational conditions and what leadership and management techniques facilitate change. The researchers are developing hypotheses to be tested in future research. Orienting Overview on Broken Windows, Disorder, and Decline Temple University Ralph B. Taylor, NIJ Visiting Fellow 96-IJ-CX-0067 This award supports secondary analyses of various data sets to determine the extent to which specific types of social and environmental disorder--apart from community demographics, crime, and residents' individual characteristics--affect fear and neighborhood commitment. Partners for Prevention? Obstacles to Police-Community Cooperation in Problem Solving Northwestern University Wesley G. Skogan 95-IJ-CX-0056 This project evaluates Chicago's community policing effort and the impact of its problem-solving strategies. Partnership Against Crime: University of Maryland and Prince Georges County Police Department University of Maryland--College Park Lawrence W. Sherman 96-IJ-CX-0080 This partnership between the University of Maryland and the Prince Georges County Police Department is modeled after the New York Police Department's COMSTAT program. The project's goal is to promote intensive review of local crime patterns by top police commanders and establish clear accountability for response to those patterns. Partnership for Research in Community Policing Strategies in a Rural County and Three Small Cities University of South Alabama Robert Galbraith 95-IJ-CX-0072 This project is a demonstration of the mutual value of research, evaluation, and program development partnerships between small and rural law enforcement agencies and the faculty of a local urban university. Perceptions of Police Accountability in Citizen Complaints Sam Houston State University Kenneth Adams 96-IJ-CX-0077 This research examines citizen complaints in detail, including the process citizens use in deciding to make a complaint, the experiences of citizens with the process, areas of satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the process, and findings across jurisdictions. Police-Academic Partnership for Evaluation and Research University of Virginia Janet Warren 96-IJ-CX-0044 This award supports an interactive, shared information system to conduct research on workplace violence in three police jurisdictions. Police-Community Initiatives for Effective Law Enforcement North Carolina Central University Harvey L. McMurray 93-IJ-CX-K023 This project follows the development of a cooperative, rural community policing program in Beaufort and Columbus counties, North Carolina, for a better understanding of how to organize and establish similar operations in other multicounty, rural areas. Police and the Community: National League of Cities Search for Excellence in Community Policing National League of Cities Institute William B. Whiteside 95-IJ-CX-0064 This project is identifying promising programs, activities, and best practices that show collaborative problem solving between law enforcement and the community and that demonstrate community awareness and perceptions of community policing. Police-Researcher Partnerships: Building the Infrastructure for Effective Program Evaluation Justice Research and Statistics Association Joan C. Weiss 96-IJ-CX-0006 This award helps to link local police departments with researchers at local or regional universities and at State Statistical Analysis Centers to create partnerships that will foster an environment for opportunistic, locally initiated research on innovative policing strategies. Police Response to Emotionally Disturbed Persons: Analyzing New Models of Police Interactions With the Mental Health System Policy Research Associates Henry J. Steadman 96-IJ-CX-0082 This case study analysis seeks to determine best practices used by police in response to emotionally disturbed persons by defining the strengths and weaknesses of three different approaches. Policing on American Indian Reservations President and Fellows of Harvard Francis Hartmann 95-IJ-CX-0086 This 18-month project works with American Indian tribes to discover what policing strategies are and are not working, why they seem to be working or not, and how tribes and private and public agencies concerned with the welfare of American Indian communities might apply the findings. Policing Local Illicit Gun Markets Carnegie Mellon University Jacqueline Cohen 95-IJ-CX-0075 This project, a partnership between a local research institution and the Pittsburgh police, examines the nature of local gun markets, particularly the sources of guns to juveniles, and assesses the effectiveness of law enforcement and investigatory strategies directed against these markets. Population-Based Monitoring of Firearm Violence: Georgia United Notification System Emory University Arthur L. Kellermann 95-IJ-CX-0025 This award supports development of a data surveillance system for police investigators that integrates information on nonfatal gunshot injuries from police reports, health care providers, and hospital emergency rooms in the Atlanta area. Preventing Crime: A Critical Assessment University of Maryland--College Park Lawrence W. Sherman 96-MU-MU-0019 This award supports a group of distinguished criminologists to synthesize research and evaluation findings on crime prevention--what works, what doesn't work, and what looks promising. Problem-Oriented Policing In a State Police Agency: A Demonstration and Evaluation State University of New York--Albany, Research Foundation Hans Toch 93-IJ-CX-K013 This collaborative project applies the philosophy of problem-oriented policing to a State police agency to demonstrate to agencies nationwide that they can achieve significant benefits by using a local research and development capability. Problem-Solving Study: An Examination of Efforts Aimed at Impacting Crime and Disorder Problems Rana Sampson, NIJ Visiting Fellow 94-IJ-CX-K008 This project collects, studies, and describes successful problem-solving efforts of police and community members. Process Evaluation of Title I of the Violent Crime Control Act of 1994 The Urban Institute Jeffrey A. Roth 95-IJ-CX-0073 This project evaluates the progress made and problems encountered through implementation of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) under Title I of the 1994 Crime Act. The evaluation includes site visits to 60 locations and a national survey of 1,800 police executives. Process Evaluation of Title XVIII of the Violent Crime Control Act of 1994 The Urban Institute Jeffrey A. Roth 95-IJ-CX-0111 This evaluation analyzes the impact that the Crime Act's bans on semi-automatic assault weapons and large-capacity ammunition magazines have had on violent crime and drug trafficking. Proposal to Integrate Objective Performance Evaluation into Community Policing Boston Police Department James T. Jordan 95-IJ-CX-0063 This two-stage project seeks to create an effective program for ongoing evaluation of the Boston Police Department's community policing strategy and is conducting two projects to assess the progress of neighborhood policing. Public Acceptance of Less-Than-Lethal Technologies Institute for Law and Justice, Inc. J. Thomas McEwen 93-IJ-CX-K012 This study assesses public reaction to the use of new less-than-lethal weapons and related technologies by law enforcement personnel. Reducing Disorder, Fear, and Crime in Public Housing: An Evaluation of an Advanced Stage Drug Crime Elimination Program Washington State University Quint Thurman 96-IJ-CX-0074 Reclaiming Our Area Residents (ROAR) is an ongoing public housing drug elimination program sponsored by the Spokane (Washington) Housing Authority and the Spokane Police Department. This study examines the program's impact on community revitalization. Reducing Firearms Crime and Injuries: Interdicting Guns and Bullets Indianapolis, Office of the Mayor Craig Fishburn 95-IJ-CX-0019 This project tests several strategies to encourage gun safety and reduce gun carrying and gun violence. Reducing Repeat Victimization of Residential Burglary Police Executive Research Forum John Stedman 96-IJ-CX-0042 Researchers are working with police to analyze burglary patterns and develop appropriate interventions using a problem-solving model and situational crime prevention techniques. Reporting and Nonreporting of Racially Motivated Hate Crimes in Robeson County, North Carolina: A Case Study North Carolina Central University Alice J. Mayer 95-IJ-CX-0116 This project explores the factors that influence the reporting and nonreporting of racially motivated hate crimes in Robeson County, North Carolina. Research Partnership Between the Lexington Division of Police and Eastern Kentucky University Lexington/Fayette Urban County Government Larry Gaines 95-IJ-CX-0048 This project establishes a research partnership to support one initial research project, plan a second one, and establish a system within the Division of Police for soliciting, prioritizing, and supervising subsequent research projects. The second project will evaluate the police department's move toward more geographically based deployment in support of community policing. Restructuring the Role of Police Sergeants by Identifying the Character Traits Associated With Success City of Baltimore Joseph R. Bolesta 96-IJ-CX-0086 This project is identifying and categorizing the characteristics of sergeants who have demonstrated excellence in performance and in the fulfillment of their roles as leaders in the agency and the community. Role of Local Law Enforcement in Controlling Illegal Immigration and Other Transnational Crimes Georgetown University William McDonald, NIJ Visiting Fellow 95-IJ-CX-0110 This project studies State and local law enforcement efforts against transnational crime, including illegal immigration, street crime committed by illegal immigrants, organized crime initiated outside U.S. borders, and immigrant involvement in the drug trade. State and Local Participatory Evaluation of the Safe Neighborhoods Program Connecticut Statistical Analysis Center Dolly Reed 95-IJ-CX-0107 This project supports the evaluation of the Connecticut Safe Neighborhoods Program, which provides funds to establish and administer police substations in high-crime areas. Street-Level Policing in Cincinnati: Community and Traditional Policing and Citizens' Perceptions University of Cincinnati James Frank 96-IJ-CX-0075 This study examines the workload of neighborhood and patrol officers, police-citizen interactions involving both types of officers, attitudes of officers toward community policing, the perceived impact of this neighborhood-level strategy on officer workload, and citizen knowledge of police efforts over a 12-month period. Technical Assistance for the Birmingham Breaking the Cycle Program Fund for the City of New York Eric Lee 96-IJ-CX-0050 This award provides technical assistance for development of an electronic management information system for the Birmingham, Alabama, Breaking the Cycle demonstration. The demonstration tests arrestees for drug use, offers treatment, and imposes sanctions to examine the effects on levels of drug use and criminal behavior. Two-Stage Model of Change: Madison Police Department Police Executive Research Forum Mary Ann Wycoff 95-IJ-CX-0087 This evaluation examines and documents the Madison (Wisconsin) Police Department's implementation of the second stage of a two-stage model of the transition to community policing. Use of Force By and Against Police Joint Centers for Justice Studies Joel Garner 95-IJ-CX-0066 This project builds upon prior NIJ-funded research on police use of force in Phoenix, Arizona, by surveying arresting officers in four cities regarding the nature of force used and the nature and circumstances of the arrest. Using Traffic Barriers to Design Out Crime California State University--Fullerton Foundation Stuart A. Ross 96-IJ-CX-0009 This evaluation assesses a police-sponsored Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design program in which permanent traffic barriers were placed in two South Central Los Angeles neighborhoods to reduce crime and allay resident fears. Vermont Incident-Based Crime Analysis and Mapping: Developing Research Capabilities for Problem-Oriented Policing Vermont Center for Justice Research William Clements 95-IJ-CX-0037 This project analyzes data on offender and offense relationships using new technologies in geographic information systems to analyze data spatially and visually. ------------------------------------------------------- o Intramural Projects The following research is being conducted by NIJ staff: Crime Prevention Through Design: The Case of the Washington, D.C., Metro Nancy G. La Vigne This research analyzes crime data from the Washington, D.C., Metro transit police, municipalities served by Metro, and other subway systems to test two questions: (1) Is the Washington, D.C., Metro safer than expected, given what is known about crime rates on other subway systems and those outside the systems? (2) Are Metro's low crime rates explained by the design, management, and maintenance of the system? Equalizing Penalties for Crack and Powdered Cocaine: The Minnesota Experience Jordan Leiter and Angela Moore-Parmley This research compares the disposition and length of sentence for defendants charged with crack and powder cocaine offenses in Hennepin and Ramsey Counties before and after sentencing guidelines were enacted to equalize the penalties for these types of offenses. Journey to the Chop Shop: Spatial Interactions Between Auto Theft Sites and the Location of Chop Shops Nancy G. La Vigne and James L. LeBeau Using geocoded data, researchers are developing a model of the spatial relationship between the location of stolen and recovered cars and the location of chop shops to test law enforcement's ability to predict chop shop sites. National Survey of Police Departments' Use of Computerized Crime Mapping Cynthia Nahabedian, Nancy G. La Vigne, and Seth Flanders This project is determining the extent to which police departments use computerized crime mapping, the ways in which it is used, and the types of hardware and software used. Optimal Use of Multiple Methods of Drug Testing Pamela K. Lattimore A variety of technologies can now detect illegal drug use, and for each technique (for example, urinalysis and hair analysis) specimen collection involves different costs and response times. This project is developing methods for determining when and how to use different types of drug tests. Relationship Between Crime and Restructuring of Public and Subsidized Housing, Controlling for Situational, Neighborhood, and Structural Economic Factors Jordan Leiter, Nancy G. La Vigne, and Angela Moore-Parmley Researchers are assessing the impact on crime of various restructuring initiatives in public and subsidized housing, including physical features of the housing, while controlling for neighborhood characteristics and economic factors. Repeat Victimization in Residential Burglary Richard Titus This research is using segment-level analysis of burglary in the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) to determine whether one housing unit in the segment is disproportionately victimized during the 3 years the segment is in the NCVS sample and in the 6 months following a burglary. Shelter Availability and Murder and Nonnegligent Homicide Rates Bernard Auchter and Stephanie Bourque This research examines the possible relationship between the availability of shelter beds for victims of domestic abuse and the rate of murder and nonnegligent manslaughter. For example, when fewer beds are available in shelters for battered women, are more women murdered by their domestic partners? ------------------------------------------------------- o Research Applications Contract Projects Abt Associates Inc. Joan Mullen OJP-C-94-007 Chicago's Safer Foundation: A True Road Back for Ex-offenders This report, cofunded with the National Institute of Corrections and the Office of Correctional Education at the U.S. Department of Education, discusses implementation and replication issues of Safer Foundation, which runs a private school in the Cook County jail and operates a work release center that provides extensive educational and employment readiness programs. Employment Clearinghouse for Former Offenders This report, cofunded with the National Institute of Corrections, describes a partnership between Washington State's Department of Corrections and Department of Employment Security that coordinates employment services for former offenders, including training in job readiness, job seeking, and employment retention. Florida's Automated Risk Classification System for Probationers NIJ researchers have developed a statistical model for assessing risk and needs to better target the level of supervision each probationer needs. This report describes in lay terms how the automated pilot program worked. Life Skills Programs: Delaware, Nebraska, and Other Sites to Be Determined This series of reports, cofunded with the U.S. Department of Education, describes instructional programs in correctional settings designed to help inmates succeed once released. Program implementation, obstacles and opportunities, and specific program elements, such as literacy, financial management, parenting, and anger control, are described. Texas' Project RIO (Re-Integration for Offenders) Project RIO helps former inmates find gainful employment and involves close collaboration between the Texas Workforce Commission, the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, and Windham School District. The report, cofunded with the National Institute of Corrections, highlights the program's effectiveness, describes how it works, and discusses implementation and replication issues. ------------------------------------------------------- CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM o Extramural Research Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Clearance of Homicides Justice Research and Statistics Association Joan C. Weiss 96-IJ-CX-0047 This multisite study analyzes factors affecting the clearance of homicides in police departments in several major cities to offer guidance on the extent to which clearance rates are useful in measuring police performance. Analysis of Global Database on Crime and Criminal Justice Robin W. Burnham, NIJ Visiting Fellow 97-MU-CX-0002 This project is reviewing the history and development of the five waves of the United Nations Crime Survey, assessing its weaknesses and strengths, and developing recommendations to address specific concerns of member nations. Boot Camps and Their Impact on Confinement Populations Abt Associates Inc. Dale Parent 96-SC-VX-0005 This study assesses the extent to which boot camps can achieve the goal of accelerating the release of nonviolent offenders, thereby generating bed space for the confinement of more violent offenders. Information on all 44 federally funded boot camps is being collected and 4 will be given intensive analysis. Collaborative Development of Individual Discharge Planning for Incarcerated Women University of Rhode Island Kathryn Quina 96-CE-VX-0012 This project is determining the extent to which an intensive discharge planning process improves psychosocial functioning and reduces the risk of recidivism for incarcerated women. Community Policing Strategies: First National Survey Update Macro International, Inc. Billy Jones 96-IJ-CX-0045 This award updates and enhances the information about community policing collected in a 1993 Police Foundation survey to help identify the strategic and tactical changes occurring in policing and to describe the factors that underlie the changes. Correctional Boot Camps for Juveniles: A Proposal for a Multisite Study University of Maryland--College Park Doris MacKenzie 96-SC-LX-0001 This study examines the conditions of confinement at 27 juvenile boot camps and measures and compares participant outcomes, such as the juveniles' performance during community supervision. Crime and Justice Thematic Volume on Prisons Castine Research Corporation Michael Tonry 96-CE-VX-K001 This award supports the development of essays to be collected in a thematic volume on prison issues for the Crime and Justice series. Data Collection and Communication: An Implementation Guide National Center for State Courts Susan Keilitz 96-WT-NX-0002 This study expands the national evaluation of the Office of Justice Programs' STOP (Services, Training, Officers, Prosecutors) grants to thoroughly analyze their experiences with data collection and communication systems to enable future development, implementation, and standardization of data collection and communication systems. Developing an Internet Model for Cross-National Information Sharing and Dissemination Sergey S. Chapkey, NIJ Visiting Fellow 95-IJ-CX-0033 This project further develops the Institute's cross-national information sharing and dissemination capabilities. Development of Guidelines for Using Psychological Test Results to Help Combat Corruption in Law Enforcement Organization Defense Personnel Security Research Center Howard Timm 96-IJ-CX-A056 This project is developing a comprehensive manual on the findings and recommendations from the first major national study on the psychological dimensions of police corruption. Dispensing Justice Locally: An Analysis of the Impacts, Costs, and Benefits of the Midtown Community Court Fund for the City of New York Michele Sviridoff 96-IJ-CX-0019 This evaluation of the Midtown (Manhattan) Community Court expands the assessment of the court's impact on quality-of-life offenses, recidivism, and jail displacement and includes a cost-benefit analysis. Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Data Systems in States Justice Research and Statistics Association Stan Orchowsky 96-IJ-CX-0057 This award continues and expands upon a study of the databases being used by States to collect information on domestic violence and sexual assault. Drug Monitoring in Criminal Justice Management Applications Orleans Parish District Attorney Tom Mieczkowski 96-IJ-CX-0001 This project is testing a criminal justice population for exposure to illicit drugs using an ion mobility spectrometer. The project includes an evaluation of the feasibility of integrating this technology into current drug-testing protocols of urinalysis and hair assays. Drug Testing for Youthful Offenders on Parole: An Experimental Study California Youth Authority Rudy Haapanen 91-IJ-CX-K023 This study compares the effects of different levels of routine, unscheduled drug testing on criminality and parole adjustment among young adult offenders on parole supervision. Effect of Correctional Resources on the Sentencing of Male and Female Defendants in Minnesota Florida International University Lisa Stolzenberg 96-CE-VX-0008 This study examines gender-specific trends in sentencing in Minnesota and whether judicial decisionmaking and sentence severity are influenced by the differences in prison crowding in men's and women's prisons. Effects of Court Dispositions on the Likelihood of Rearrest for Domestic Violence Arrestees in Cincinnati University of Cincinnati John Wooldredge 95-IJ-CX-0102 This project assesses the effectiveness of pretrial detention, conviction, or jail sentences for preventing and delaying further domestic violence by suspects arrested for misdemeanor domestic violence in Cincinnati, Ohio. Effects of Procedural Justice in Spouse Assault: A Reanalysis of the Milwaukee Domestic Violence Experiment University of Maryland--College Park Raymond Paternoster 96-IJ-CX-0058 This award supports secondary analysis of the NIJ-funded Milwaukee Domestic Violence Experiment to contribute to understanding of the deterrent effect of issuing a warning to a suspected abuser versus arresting the suspect. Enhancing the Evaluation Outcomes of Innovative Boot Camp Programs Southern Illinois University Tom Castellano 94-IJ-CX-0019 This project explores the factors associated with the implementation and development of innovative correctional boot camps and examines program impacts on such offender traits as self-esteem and problem-solving skills. Estimating the Costs and Benefits of Mandatory Sentencing Laws RAND Corporation Peter Greenwood 95-IJ-CX-0099 This project assesses the potential costs and benefits of three-strikes-and-you're-out and similar mandatory sentencing laws to help administrators plan for their implementation and help public officials and the general public better understand them. Evaluation of the Bureau of Justice Assistance's Correctional Options Demonstration Program National Council on Crime and Delinquency James F. Austin 95-DD-BX-K009 This award supports continued evaluation of cost-effective alternatives to traditional incarceration. Fifteen sites that operate boot camps and other intermediate sanctions programs are being evaluated. Evaluation of the Client Management Classification System Sam Houston State University Billy C. Covington and Jennifer D. Frisbee, Graduate Research Fellows 96-IJ-CX-0037 Using the logic of fuzzy set theory, this project is assessing the degree to which a client management classification system succeeds in placing offenders in appropriate supervision categories and compares the classification system performance across gender and racial groups. Evaluation of a Coordinated Community Response to Domestic Violence Applied Research Associates Stan Orchowsky 95-WT-NX-0004 This evaluation assesses the effectiveness of the Alexandria (Virginia) Domestic Violence Intervention Project, which combines a mandatory arrest policy with a no-drop prosecution strategy, court-mandated treatment for batterers, and services for battered women, such as emergency shelter, counseling, and court advocacy. Evaluation of the District of Columbia Superior Court Drug Court Intervention Program The Urban Institute Adele Harrell 94-IJ-CX-K011 This award supports process and impact evaluations and cost-benefit analysis of two treatment strategies associated with the D.C. Drug Court Intervention Program. Evaluation of the Development and Implementation of Virginia's Sentencing Law National Center for State Courts Brian Ostrom 96-CE-VX-0005 This project provides the first systematic examination of the implementation of Virginia's new no-parole, truth-in-sentencing laws implemented in 1995. Evaluation of Florida's Residential Drug Treatment and Prison Diversion Program Richard L. Linster, NIJ Visiting Fellow 96-CE-VX-0010 As Florida's prison admissions have decreased, commitments to residential drug treatment programs have grown. This project assesses the impact of these programs in terms of recidivism and costs and benefits. Evaluation of Los Angeles County Juvenile Drug Treatment Boot Camp California State University--San Marcos Sheldon Zhang 96-SC-VX-0003 This study evaluates the Los Angeles County Drug Treatment Boot Camp Program to assess postprogram drug use, determine whether postrelease criminal behavior is reduced, and identify the characteristics of successful graduates. Evaluation of a Metropolitan Area DWI Night Court New Mexico State University L. Thomas Winfree, Jr. 96-IJ-CX-0022 This evaluation measures the effects of a specialized Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) night court on recidivism rates, changes in attitudes and self-reported behaviors, court operations, the local criminal justice community, the local legal community, and other interest groups. Evaluation of North Carolina's Structured Sentencing Law Research Triangle Institute James Collins 96-CE-VX-0013 This project examines the impact of North Carolina's structured sentencing law and the implications for sentencing legislation, guidelines, structures to support sentencing reform, resource needs, and correctional program development. Evaluation of OJP FY95 Boot Camp Planning Grants National Council on Crime and Delinquency Sandra Tunis 96-SC-VX-0004 This national study focuses on the boot camp planning grants awarded by the Office of Justice Programs' Corrections Program Office in fiscal year 1995 and examines barriers to achieving planning and implementation goals and characteristics that lead to successful planning and implementation. Executive Seminar Series on Sentencing and Corrections University of Minnesota Michael Tonry 97-MU-MU-K006 This project is holding five seminars involving researchers and practitioners with expertise in sentencing and corrections to identify significant issues and discuss how those issues can be addressed through sentencing policies and correctional practices. Extent and Nature of Sexual Victimization of College Women University of Cincinnati Bonnie Fisher 95-WT-NX-0001 This project collects data from a national sample of women enrolled at postsecondary institutions in the United States, using structured telephone interviews to obtain incident and victimization data. Factors Related to Domestic Violence Court Disposition in a Large Urban Area: The Role of Victim-Witness Reluctance University of Cincinnati Joanne Belknap 96-WT-NX-0004 The purpose of this study is to determine which factors influence judicial and prosecutorial decisionmaking in domestic violence cases and which factors influence victim-witness reluctance in bringing batterers to successful adjudication. Family Violence: Building a Coordinated Community Response American Medical Association Larry S. Goldman 96-IJ-CX-0029 This grant supports planning and assessment of the first two of five regional conferences on family violence being cosponsored by the American Medical Association in conjunction with other national organizations and Federal agencies. Forging a Florida Correctional Research Coalition Florida State University Gordon Waldo 96-CE-VX-0007 This award supports the creation of the Florida Correctional Research Coalition (FCRC), a partnership between the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Florida State University and the Florida Department of Corrections. HIDTA Seamless System for Drug-Involved Offenders: A Randomized Multicenter Evaluation University of Maryland--College Park Faye S. Taxman 96-CE-VX-0017 This project evaluates the efforts of eight Maryland counties to increase prison space for violent offenders by integrating drug treatment and surveillance for nonviolent felons. Identifying Effective Correctional Programs for Female Felony Offenders Michigan State University Timothy S. Bynum 96-IJ-CX-0021 This project is evaluating two innovative community programs for female offenders. Impact of Criminal and Juvenile Justice System Policies and Practices University of Illinois--Chicago David E. Olson, Graduate Research Fellow 96-IJ-CX-0014 This project examines the impact that social and criminal justice policies have had on specific types of crime over the past 12 years in all 102 Illinois counties. Impact Evaluation of STOP Grant Programs for Reducing Violence Against Women Among Indian Tribes University of Arizona Eileen M. Luna 96-WT-NX-0006 This project evaluates the impact of the programs for women among Indian tribes supported by the Office of Justice Programs' STOP (Services, Training, Officers, Prosecutors) Violence Against Women grants. The goal of the programs is to expand understanding of the cultural and legal context of reducing violence against women among Indian tribes. Impact Evaluation of STOP Grants Law Enforcement and Prosecution Institute for Law and Justice, Inc. J. Thomas McEwen 96-WT-NX-0007 This project involves an impact evaluation at 8 to 10 sites under the Law Enforcement and Prosecution purpose area of the Office of Justice Programs' STOP (Services, Training, Officers, Prosecutors) formula grants. The evaluation addresses a cross-section of various local activities, including training for law enforcement officers and prosecutors, police and prosecution policies, and programs that address stalking. Impact Evaluation of Victim Services Programs: STOP Grants Funded by the Violence Against Women Act American Bar Association Barbara Smith 96-WT-NX-0003 This project evaluates the first 2 years of Office of Justice Programs' STOP (Services, Training, Officers, Prosecutors) Violence Against Women grants awarded to victim services programs for work in the areas of sexual assault, domestic violence, and stalking. Impact of Managerial Style on the Colombian Distribution of Cocaine to the Wholesale Level City University of New York, Research Foundation Joseph R. Fuentes, Graduate Research Fellow 96-IJ-CX-0035 This project examines the organization and operation of wholesale cocaine dealing, including distribution, marketing, and the role of wholesalers; disciplinary tactics used for delinquent payments, broken transactions, and other violations; and adaptive responses to law enforcement operations such as interdiction, eradication, and money laundering investigations. Impact of Mandatory Minimum Sentences on Felony Case Processing National Center for State Courts John Goerdt 94-IJ-CX-0040 This study examines the impact of two sentencing trends--mandatory minimum sentences for first-time drug offenders and mandatory minimum sentence enhancements for habitual offenders--on trial rates, backlog, delay, and conviction rates. Impact of Truth-in-Sentencing Reform in Massachusetts Massachusetts Committee on Criminal Justice Francis J. Carney 96-CE-VX-0011 This project examines the impact of sentencing guideline reforms on judicial decisionmaking and on criminal justice resources. Implications for Corrections of the Community Movement in Criminal Justice Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Todd R. Clear, NIJ Visiting Fellow 96-IJ-CX-0004 This project addresses a variety of issues related to the role of local communities in correctional responses to crime and justice, including the theoretical implications of local justice and the practical and strategic aspects of the local justice concept of community safety. Improving Alien Adjudication and Pretrial Release Procedures Vera Institute of Justice, Inc. Christopher E. Stone 95-IJ-CX-0034 This award supports the design and implementation of a demonstration program to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of adjudication and pretrial release procedures for aliens. Indian Country Justice Initiative Evaluation Plan Arizona State University Carol Lujan 96-IJ-CX-0097 This project evaluates the Department of Justice's Indian Country Justice Initiative, which is designed to improve the responsiveness of the Department of Justice to the criminal justice needs of Native Americans. Indianapolis Management Accountability Program: A Collaboration Between the Indianapolis Police Department and Indiana University Indiana University--Bloomington Alexander Weiss 96-IJ-CX-0092 Through this award, a team of university researchers and police officials are evaluating the Indianapolis Police Department's management accountability program and enhancing the Department's crime analysis capacity. Influence of Court, Prosecutor, and Defense Resources on Felony Adjudication Procedures and Interagency Coordination of Felony Case Processing National Center for State Courts John Goerdt 94-IJ-CX-0003 This project examines court, prosecutor, and defender resources; case management procedures; and methods of interagency coordination and their impact on the pace and outcomes of felony adjudication in 10 large urban jurisdictions. John B. Pickett Fellowship in Criminal Justice Policy and Management President and Fellows of Harvard Susan Michaelson 92-IJ-CX-0012 This award provides full tuition, fees, and related expenses for students pursuing a 1-year master's degree in public administration. It also helps career professionals who want to expand their knowledge of criminal justice policy and management. Linguistic Methods for Determining Document Authorship Carole E. Chaski, NIJ Visiting Fellow 95-IJ-CX-0012 This project is developing, demonstrating, and testing a technique that uses the language of a document to provide evidence of an author's identity. Local Impact of Violent Offender and Truth-in-Sentencing Legislation: How Probation and Community Corrections Respond RAND Corporation Peter Greenwood 96-CE-VX-0001 This project assesses the impact of violent offender and truth-in-sentencing legislation in six selected counties and examines major sentencing structures, the role of counties in drafting and passing violent offender and truth-in-sentencing legislation, the changes in local jail and probation policies and practices, and the costs and benefits of this type of reform. Managing Felons in Los Angeles County RAND Corporation Joan Petersilia 96-CE-VX-0018 This project explores the impact of State sentencing initiatives on county corrections by examining how felons are sanctioned and managed in Los Angeles County and the consequences of such sanctions in terms of public safety and costs. Models of Community Coordination in Response to Partner Violence State University of New York--Albany, Research Foundation Alissa Worden 95-WT-NX-0006 This evaluation complements an ongoing analysis of the impact of legislated reforms in family violence cases in New York State and develops a typology of community coordination models. Multisite Evaluation of Second Generation Sentencing Commissions Abt Associates Inc. William Rhodes 96-CE-VX-0016 This award supports a study of four sentencing commissions to determine the various effects of sentencing guidelines. Specific areas being studied include dispositional disparity, durational disparity, variations in effects among States, and changes in the size and composition of prison populations. National Evaluation of the Violence Against Women Act Grants The Urban Institute Martha Burt 95-WT-NX-0005 This project continues documentation of the range of programs funded by the Law Enforcement and Prosecution Grants under the Violence Against Women Act, including assessment of grantee outcomes, examination of their planning and implementation efforts, and development of a strategy for documenting long-term impacts. National Multisite Impact Evaluation of Private and Public Boot Camp Programs National Council on Crime and Delinquency James F. Austin 96-SC-LX-0002 This project evaluates 10 boot camp programs, including 3 adult offender programs run by State departments of corrections, 3 adult offender programs run by counties, and 4 juvenile offender programs operated privately. The research focuses on whether aftercare strategies are effective in influencing outcomes. Offender Outcomes Under North Carolina Criminal Justice Partnership Act Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation Amy Craddock 96-CE-VX-0004 This study assesses offender outcomes under a new North Carolina structured sentencing system that reserves jail and prison space for violent and repeat offenders and directs most others to community-based sanctions. Probationer Compliance With Conditions of Supervision University of Maryland--College Park Doris MacKenzie 93-IJ-CX-0045 This project provides information about conditions of community supervision and explores the relationship between violations of the conditions and criminality. Process and Impact Evaluation of Services Provided to Victims of Crime by the Cook County State Attorney's Office Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority Candice Kane 96-IJ-CX-0083 This project provides process and impact evaluations of the Cook County Victim-Witness Assistance Program. Profiling the Needs of California's Female Youth Authority Population California State University--Fresno Barbara Owen 95-IJ-CX-0098 This applied research project develops a protocol to assess the needs of the female youthful offender population nationwide. Prosecution in the Community: A Study of Emergent Strategies President and Fellows of Harvard George Kelling and Catherine Coles 95-IJ-CX-0096 This study documents and develops profiles of prosecutorial strategies in State prosecutors' offices in five cities; explores the congruence between operational strategies of police and prosecutors; and determines indicators to measure community prosecution's effectiveness in dealing with specific problems. Prosecution Strategies in Domestic Violence University of Iowa Carolyn Hartley 95-WT-NX-0003 This study examines the prosecution of domestic violence-related cases to identify those strategies associated with a successful outcome of conviction on the original charge. Prosecutorial Response to Bias-Motivated Crimes American Prosecutors Research Institute Don Rebovich 95-IJ-CX-0004 This 12-month study gathers information on the prosecution of bias-motivated offenses through a mail survey administered to approximately 800 district attorney's offices nationwide. Psychological and Behavioral Effects of Hate Crimes on Victims Boston Police Department Luis Garcia 97-IJ-CX-0011 This project is examining the lingering effects of hate violence and assessing the effectiveness of the criminal justice system in meeting the needs of such victims. Public Attitudes Concerning the Use of New Technologies to Detect Weapons Johns Hopkins University Daniel W. Webster 97-IJ-CX-0022 This study is examining public attitudes toward new law enforcement weapons detection and surveillance technologies and intervention strategies. Public Support for Corrections Rehabilitation: A Factorial Survey Approach University of Cincinnati Brandon K. Applegate, Graduate Research Fellow 96-IJ-CX-0007 This project examines public support for rehabilitation in Ohio's correctional system and the factors that influence such public support. Race and Sentencing: Effects of Case Strength and Seriousness University of Nebraska--Omaha Cassia C. Spohn 96-IJ-CX-0036 This secondary analysis examines the relationship between race and sentencing to advance understanding of the direct and indirect effects of race on sentence severity. Restoring Accountability in Pretrial Release in the 1990s: An Experiment in Managing Safe and Effective Release Crime and Justice Research Institute John S. Goldkamp 96-IJ-CX-0008 This award supports an evaluation of how the Philadelphia criminal court system has adapted to greater autonomy in pretrial release decisions and an assessment of the elements of effective (minimal and safe) pretrial release. Rethinking Organizational Strategies and Criminal Justice Performance Measures: The Case of Community Prosecution Barbara Boland, NIJ Visiting Fellow 95-IJ-CX-0112 This award supports development of performance measures for the Portland, Oregon, model of community prosecution; assessment of the applicability of the performance measure methodology to Manhattan's community prosecution model; and documentation of the characteristics of community prosecution strategies nationwide. Self-Evaluating Justice Organization: Building Local Evaluation Capacity Michael G. Maxfield, NIJ Visiting Fellow 95-IJ-CX-0029 This project examines the role of self-evaluation as a problem-solving management tool in criminal justice agencies and will produce a series of publications that focus on the role of evaluation and on methods for carrying out an evaluation at the local level with limited resources and expertise. Study of Legislation and Impact of Two-Strikes Legislation National Council on Crime and Delinquency James F. Austin 96-CE-VX-0009 This project builds on a study of the impact of California and Washington State's two- and three-strikes laws to include an analysis of Georgia's recently enacted two-strikes law. Task Force on Community Action on Crime and Justice The George Washington University Amitai Etzioni 96-IJ-CX-K005 This 5-month planning grant is determining the conditions for full funding, feasibility, and value of a task force on community, crime prevention, and justice. Teen Court Planning Grant Time Dollar, Inc. Edgar S. Cahn 96-IJ-CX-0002 This award supports an innovative approach to delinquency prevention and intervention in Washington, D.C., called Teen Court, which holds offenders responsible, offers services and job training, and involves community members. Test, Modify, and Retest: An Agenda for Evaluating Intensive Supervision and Probation Council of State Governments and American Probation and Parole Association Timothy H. Matthews 95-IJ-CX-0032 This project evaluates a prototypical intensive supervision and probation model to promote behavioral change in offenders by focusing on the concentrated provision of services rather than exclusive surveillance and incapacitating measures. Texas Prison-Based Treatment Assessment Texas Christian University D. Dwayne Simpson 96-IJ-CX-0024 This outcome evaluation of a prison-based therapeutic community, a residential treatment center, and an outpatient care program examines whether providing inprison treatment coupled with postrelease services can reduce recidivism, drug use, and HIV risk behaviors over time. Three-Strikes-and-You're-Out: A Comparative Study of Two States' New Legislation National Council on Crime and Delinquency James F. Austin 95-IJ-CX-0026 This research project analyzes how three-strikes-and-you're-out laws are being implemented by the courts and the consequences for criminal justice system charging practices, pretrial detention, court delay, court disposition, and prison population growth. Toward Common Sense in Sentencing Thomas J. Quinn, NIJ Visiting Fellow 95-IJ-CX-0016 This project examines the emerging interest in restorative justice from the perspective of State and local criminal justice officials and policymakers. Undocumented Aliens in Federal, State, and Local Criminal Justice Systems The Urban Institute Rebecca Clark 96-DD-BX-0036 This project describes the characteristics of undocumented aliens in the criminal justice system at the Federal, State, and local levels. Unintended Impacts of Sentencing Reforms and Incarceration on Family Structure University of Minnesota Samuel Myers 96-CE-VX-0015 This project assesses the impact of incarceration and sentencing reforms on family structure and stability by investigating the same empirical issue using three data sets and applying a variety of statistical methods. Violations of Release Conditions and the Prediction of Criminal Recidivism University of Maryland--College Park Claire Souryal 96-IJ-CX-0011 This research expands the studies of intensive parole supervision by analyzing whether technical violations of parole conditions signal that an offender is likely to commit a new crime. Violent Offender Incarceration and Truth-in-Sentencing: National Evaluation of Implementation Experiences and Impact on Corrections RAND Corporation Susan Turner 96-CE-VX-0006 This evaluation tracks and documents over time significant changes in a number of key process and outcome variables for the 50 States, including legislative actions, prosecution and defense strategies, sentencing patterns, criminal justice system costs, and crime rates. RAND is also conducting case studies of recent sentencing and correctional reforms in six States. Who Gets What in Policing? A National Assessment of Police Chiefs' Experiences with Budgets Police Executive Research Forum Clifford L. Karchmer 97-LB-VX-K005 This award supports a national assessment of police chiefs focused on the range of issues involved in budgetary decisionmaking, the factors associated with success or difficulty, and innovative approaches to the process. Wisconsin Idea: Evaluation Partnership on Sentencing and Corrections Wisconsin Department of Corrections Michael E. Smith 96-CE-VX-0003 This study examines sentences imposed in archetypal cases, the implementation of those sentences, and the philosophy behind and techniques employed by correctional programs. Workshop on Longitudinal Surveys of Children National Science Foundation Cheryl Eavey 97-IJ-CX-A061 This award supports efforts to collaborate and share information among both investigators and funders of current and future longitudinal surveys of children. ------------------------------------------------------- Law Enforcement Family Support Program Law Enforcement Family Support National Association of Police Organizations Jody Hedeman 96-FS-VX-0001 This project develops, implements, and evaluates innovative and comprehensive stress reduction educational training programs for officers' perceived work and family needs in Dallas, Texas; Erie County, New York; and Minneapolis, Minnesota. Law Enforcement Family Support Demonstration Project Baton Rouge (Louisana) Fraternal Order of Police, Lodge 1 Kevin McCarthy 96-FS-VX-0005 This project is expanding the existing Critical Incident Stress Debriefing program to cover the entire State of Louisiana and to include stress reduction services for officers experiencing all types of employment-related stress. Law Enforcement Family Support Program Iowa State University Eugene Deisinger 96-FS-VX-0006 This award is developing and evaluating a comprehensive stress management program model for university, municipal, and county law enforcement officers and their families in rural areas. Law Enforcement Family Support Program Vermont Department of Public Safety Michael Sorenson 96-FS-VX-0008 This program provides stress management services to police officers and their families as needed throughout the State of Vermont. Law Enforcement Family Support Survey and Focus Groups Center for Criminal Justice Studies Elizabeth Langston 95-IJ-CX-0089 This study provides information on the extent and nature of police stress as identified by focus groups of police officers and spouses. Law Enforcement Family Support: Training Program for Reduction of Stress Among Law Enforcement Officers and Their Families New York Division of Criminal Justice Eileen Langer 96-FS-VX-0002 This program trains police officers and their families throughout the State of New York in stress management techniques. Law Enforcement Work and Family Stress Support Baltimore City (Maryland) Fraternal Order of Police Gary McLhinney 97-FS-VX-0001 This project is assessing the effectiveness of a total quality management (TQM) model to reduce stress for Baltimore, Maryland, officers and their spouses using surveys of perceived stress, accident rates, citizen complaints, and absenteeism among other variables. Police Chaplaincy: An Innovative Law Enforcement Stress Reduction Delivery System Arkansas State Police Jim Tudor 96-FS-VX-0004 This statewide law enforcement chaplaincy program provides routine and emergency stress management services, including alcohol and/or dependency counseling, postshooting counseling, officer trauma counseling, death notifications, and specialized education for police recruits and their families. Stress Reduction Among Law Enforcement Officers and Families Exploratory Study City of Buffalo R. Gil Kerlikowski 96-IJ-CX-0056 This study is identifying gender- and ethnic-specific stressors facing law enforcement officers and developing strategies that could be implemented by law enforcement organizations to address such stressors. Stress Reduction Program for New York City Police Officers New York City Patrolmen's Benevolent Association Membership Assistance Program William Genet 96-FS-VX-0007 This project is developing a handbook for peer support officers, conducting awareness training to expand the network of mental health clinicians who are familiar with the needs and problems of police officers and their families, conducting training for l,500 officers and family members, and organizing support groups. Stress Training for Officers and Partners Miami Police Department Gerald Darling 96-FS-VX-0003 This project provides stress management training, which addresses both personal and work-related problems, to 200 new officers and their families. ------------------------------------------------------- o Intramural Projects The following research is being conducted by NIJ staff: Assessment of Sentencing Outcomes for Drug Offenders in State Courts Jordan Leiter and Angela Moore-Parmley This research compares sentencing outcomes for black and white drug offenders convicted in State courts in Virginia and Minnesota. Both the likelihood of being incarcerated and the length of incarceration are being studied. Balancing Probation Officer Caseloads for Risk Pamela K. Lattimore This project continues NIJ's work with the Florida Department of Corrections to use model-generated probabilities of probation failure to assign probationers to appropriate levels of supervision. Prison Drug Use: Results of Drug Testing in a State Prison System Thomas E. Feucht and Pamela K. Lattimore In cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections, researchers are measuring the extent of drug use in prisons and assessing the impact of specific drug control strategies, including drug-detection dogs, electronic drug-detection equipment, and randomized drug testing. Violence in U.S. Cities: Homicide Trends in Eight Cities Pamela K. Lattimore, James Trudeau, K. Jack Riley, Jordan Leiter, Steven Edwards This examination of trends in murder and violent crime rates in large U.S. cities entails extensive study of eight cities (plus two pilot cities), where data is being collected and key policy-makers interviewed. The research is analyzing the ways in which changes in local factors--criminal justice system activities, socioeconomic factors, and criminal activities, such as involvement with guns, gangs, and drugs--are associated with changes in homicide rates. ------------------------------------------------------- o Research Applications Contract Projects Abt Associates Inc. Joan Mullen OJP-C-94-007 Community Dispute Resolution This report explores the expanding role of dispute resolution in the administration of justice and examines several variants of conflict resolution programs that have emerged around the Nation. Dispute Settlement Center of Durham, North Carolina This indepth review of the services offered by the Dispute Settlement Center of Durham, North Carolina, focuses on the problems the Center has confronted and various issues involved in its development and operation. Maryland Shelter Plus Mental Health Care Program for Dually Diagnosed Offenders Released From Jail This report describes and assesses a new program for mentally ill offenders who are newly released from jail and detention centers. Through housing vouchers, the program reduces the likelihood that this population will become homeless. Pretrial Services This report explores developments in the field of pretrial services, describes an ideal model of pretrial release, and contrasts the model with current practices. The report emphasizes the ways pretrial services respond to the pressures of emergency release, three-strikes-and-you're-out legislation, juveniles, and the increasing number of drug-related crimes. Project SEEK This report highlights Project SEEK (Services to Enable and Empower Kids), a Michigan program for families and children of incarcerated persons (primarily fathers). Treatment Programs for Batterers A number of approaches are being implemented to respond to domestic violence. This report explores the features and findings of a number of model programs. Victim Impact Statements This report details the history and current use of victim impact statements and examines community impact statements, which are of considerable interest to the restorative justice and community justice movements. Women's Prison Association and Home, Inc. This report highlights a community program in New York City that provides a variety of support services for newly released women inmates to ease their transition into the community. ------------------------------------------------------- TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT o Community-Oriented Policing Technology APD Intranet/Briefing Stations Arlington (Texas) Police Department Larry Barclay 97-IJ-CX-K005 This grant is developing a system for beat officers to access information through a number of methods, such as computerized briefing stations, electronic mail, and beat inquiries. Affordable Crime Mapping and Information-Sharing Technology for Community Police Officers New Orleans (Louisiana) Police Department Michael Pfeiffer 97-IJ-CX-K006 This award is developing an affordable crime-mapping and information-sharing technology using touch-screen technology for beat officers and community members. Algorithmic Image Matching: Police Technology Research and Development Project Santa Ana (California) Police Department Paul M. Walters 97-IJ-CX-K011 This project supports the development of an Algorithm Image Matching (AIM) system to reduce the time required to search automated mug shot systems. AIM will provide the ability to search mug shot systems based on known facial features of a suspect. The system will be able to compare photographs, sketches, and video images. Artificial Neural Network System for Classification of Offenders in Murder and Rape Cases Battelle Memorial Institute Jennifer Miles 97-IJ-CX-K007 This grant is developing software for the Washington State Attorney General's Office that can compare unknown murder and rape offenders and their method of operating to the offenders and methods in similar cases on file. Automation of Local Police Functions New York State Department of Criminal Justice Services Jim Shea 97-IJ-CX-K009 This award is providing the expanded, real-time database access software used by nearly half of New York State's law enforcement agencies, allowing officers to access and add incident and arrest data via laptop computer. Demonstration of a Concealed Weapons Detection System Using Electromagnetic Resonances Akela, Inc. Alan Hunt 97-IJ-CX-K013 This project is developing a handheld concealed weapons detection system with potential to detect metal and plastic weapons beneath clothing. Development of a Neighborhood Problem-Solving System Abt Associates Inc. Marianne Beauregard 97-IJ-CX-K017 This award is developing a neighborhood problem-solving system for Hartford, Connecticut, that will contain databases of city agencies, demographic data, and other community information. FALCON (Future Alert and Contact Network) Charlotte (North Carolina) Police Department Maureen Brown 97-IJ-CX-K004 This project is developing the Future Alert and Contact Network (FALCON) to predict community problems and allow the beat officer to be more proactive in community policing. Largo Police Department Wireless Internet Project Largo (Florida) Police Department Brian McKeon 97-IJ-CX-K002 This grant is implementing a wireless remote data and voice communications system to link beat officers, investigators, and the community. Officers will use devices equipped with wireless cellular modems, keyboards, pen-based handwriting software, cellular voice communication, and Web-browsing software, creating a wireless intranet. Metropolitan Nashville Police Department's Palm Top Project Metropolitan Nashville (Tennessee) Police Department Ken Peace 97-IJ-CX-K003 This project is creating an onsite system for law enforcement officers to conduct up-to-date warrant, arrest history, and stolen vehicle checks; access mug shots; and complete reports onsite and online. Portable Concealed Weapon Detector Los Angeles County (California) Sheriff's Office Yu-Wen Chang 97-IJ-CX-K015 This research is developing the prototype of a handheld device to detect metal or plastic concealed weapons at a distance of up to 10 feet. Portable Voice-Command Translation System Integrated Wave Technologies, Inc. A. Robert Sabo 96-IJ-CX-K008 This project is designing and fabricating three voice response translator (VRT) modules that allow officers to identify a subject's language and translate the officers' questions and instructions into that language. Pursuit Management Task Force Aerospace Corporation Donald Peterson 96-IJ-CX-K007 This multiagency task force studies operational practices and procedures, vehicle stopping technologies, legal and liability issues, policy and doctrine, training, and community acceptance to accelerate the introduction of safer and more effective methods of vehicle pursuit. Seamless Mobile Law Enforcement Computer Network Virginia Department of State Police John Furlough 97-IJ-CX-K010 This grant is developing an infrastructure in Virginia to seamlessly connect different cellular carriers for voice and data communications. The infrastructure will maximize the coverage area and minimize the cost of transmission. Software Development for Intelligence Gathering Monroe County (Florida) Sheriff's Office Tyrrell Armstrong 97-IJ-CX-K008 This project is developing and demonstrating a new information gathering strategy that enables police to collect, classify, and analyze data based on geographic location. Vehicle Stopper Technology Evaluation Program U.S. Department of the Army Edward P. Scannell 96-IJ-CX-A047 This program establishes an alliance between the Army Research Laboratory and NIJ for the evaluation of electric/electromagnetic vehicle stopper technologies and concepts for laboratory evaluations. ------------------------------------------------------- o DNA Identification Development of Criteria for Model External DNA Proficiency Testing University of Illinois--Chicago Joseph L. Peterson 96-DN-VX-0001 This study investigates the feasibility of developing a blind external DNA proficiency testing program for public and private forensic science laboratories. Development of a Rapid, Immobilized Probe Assay for the Detection of mtDNA Variation Children's Hospital, Oakland Research Institute Kathleen H. Gonzalez 96-IJ-CX-0028 This study is developing a simple and rapid method for typing mitochondrial DNA sequence variation, known as the "reverse dot blot" technique, using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification. Estimation of Population Structure Parameters North Carolina State University Bruce S. Weir 95-IJ-CX-0007 This project is estimating the standardized variance of allele frequencies in several types of DNA data to describe the extent of population substructuring and to show how substructuring affects estimates of DNA profile frequencies. Isolation and Characterization of Population-Specific Alleles University of Pittsburgh Mark D. Shriver 95-IJ-CX-0008 A database is being developed for estimating the ethnic affiliation of unknown suspects by typing a random sample of African-American, Caucasian, and Hispanic residents from Pennsylvania for the identified markers. Validation of PCR-Based DNA Typing Databases for Forensic Use University of Texas--Houston Ranajit Chakraborty 96-IJ-CX-0023 This study is developing automated methods of multilocus genotype-frequency computations for PCR-based DNA testing to increase the capabilities of crime laboratories. ------------------------------------------------------- o Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program The awards below represent an ongoing NIJ effort to enhance the DNA analysis capabilities of State and local crime laboratories across the country. Projects focus on installation and upgrade of laboratory equipment, implementation of a national DNA database, development of faster methods of DNA typing, and training for analysts. Alabama: Expansion of the Felon DNA Data Bank Program Alabama Department of Forensic Sciences John Hicks 96-IJ-CX-0049 Alaska: Enhancement of DNA Testing Capabilities Alaska Department of Public Safety, Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory George M. Taft, Jr. 96-IJ-CX-0048 Arizona: Enhancement of DNA Testing Capabilities City of Tucson Walter Tannert 96-IJ-CX-0032 Arizona: Forensic DNA Enhancement Project Arizona Department of Public Safety Susan Narveson 96-IJ-CX-0094 California: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program California Department of Justice, Bureau of Forensic Services Jan Bashinski 97-IJ-CX-0001 Charlotte, North Carolina: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program City of Charlotte Roger Thompson 97-IJ-CX-0016 Connecticut: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Connecticut Department of Public Safety, Connecticut State Police Elaine Pagliaro 97-IJ-CX-0003 Florida: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Florida Department of Law Enforcement Dale Heideman 96-IJ-CX-0095 Georgia: Enhancement of DNA Typing Georgia Bureau of Investigation George Harrin 96-IJ-CX-0079 Idaho: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Idaho Department of Law Enforcement R. Dan Charboneau 97-DN-VX-0003 Illinois: Expansion of DNA Analysis Capabilities--Illinois State Police Forensic Sciences Command Illinois State Police--Springfield Susan Hart Johns 96-MU-VX-0020 Indiana: DNA STR Evaluation Project Indianapolis-Marion County Forensic Services Agency James E. Hamby 96-IJ-CX-0052 Kansas: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Kansas Bureau of Investigation Eileen Burnau 97-IJ-CX-0015 Kansas: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Sedgwick County and Wichita Police Department Consortium Forrest Davis 96-IJ-CX-0061 Kentucky: Enhancement of Serological Analysis to DNA Technologies Kentucky State Police Lonnie Moert 96-IJ-CX-0041 Maryland: DNA Forensic Laboratory Enhancements Anne Arundel County Jane C. Cooke 96-IJ-CX-0038 Maryland: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Maryland Department of Public Safety Louis C. Portis 96-DN-VX-0002 Michigan: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Michigan Department of State Police, Forensic Science Division Frank Schehr 97-IJ-CX-0004 Minnesota: Development of a PCR Laboratory Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension Terry Laber 96-IJ-CX-0043 Missouri: Expansion of DNA Laboratory Program Missouri State Highway Patrol Lori Maloney 96-IJ-CX-0040 Montana: DNA Identification Project Montana Department of Justice James Streeter 96-IJ-CX-0090 Nebraska: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Nebraska State Patrol John Dietrich 97-DN-VX-0002 New Jersey: Enhancement of STR Capabilities in the New Jersey Forensic DNA Laboratory New Jersey Division of Criminal Justice, Department of Law and Public Safety Margaret Tarver 96-IJ-CX-0089 New Mexico: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program City of Albuquerque Ann Talbot 96-IJ-CX-0039 New York: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program New York Division of Criminal Justice Carl M. Selavka 97-IJ-CX-0021 North Carolina: Expansion of DNA Services North Carolina State Bureau of Investigation Mark Nelson 96-IJ-CX-0062 North Dakota: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program North Dakota Department of Health Aaron E. Rash 97-IJ-CX-0012 Pennsylvania: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Pennsylvania State Police Christine Tomsey 96-IJ-CX-0034 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Allegheny County Department of Laboratories Thomas Meyers 96-IJ-CX-0054 Scottsdale, Arizona: Implementation of a PCR Program for the Scottsdale Police Crime Lab City of Scottsdale Allen Garrett 96-IJ-CX-0096 South Carolina: DNA Offender Database Program South Carolina Law Enforcement Division Matthew G. Fitts 96-IJ-CX-0051 South Dakota: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program South Dakota Office of the Attorney General Rex Riis 96-IJ-CX-0033 Tennesee: Enhancement of the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation Forensic DNA Capabilities Tennessee Bureau of Investigation, Forensic Services Division William Darby 96-IJ-CX-0066 Texas: Forensic DNA Enhancement Project Texas Department of Public Safety D. Pat Johnson 96-IJ-CX-0084 Vermont: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Vermont Department of Public Safety Eric Buel 96-IJ-CX-0076 Virginia: Enhancement of Capability to Analyze DNA Virginia Department of General Services, Division of Forensic Science Deanne Dabbs 96-IJ-CX-0059 Washington: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Washington State Patrol James S. Stuart 97-IJ-CX-0008 West Virginia: Enhancement of STR Capabilities in the West Virginia State Police Crime Laboratory West Virginia Division of Public Safety Ted Smith 96-IJ-CX-0055 Wisconsin: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Wisconsin Department of Justice Jerry Guerts 97-IJ-CX-0002 ------------------------------------------------------- o General Technology Support Application of Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry to Trace Evidence Analysis Lockheed Martin Energy Research, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Gary S. Groenewold 97-LB-VX-A050 This award supports static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis for chemical characterization of trace evidence, focusing on man-made fibers and paint coatings. Bomb Threat Training Simulator University of Houston, Office of Sponsored Programs Christopher Chung 96-IJ-CX-0025 This project is developing computer-based, first-on-the-scene bomb threat training scenarios to augment conventional classroom training without exposing trainees to unsafe conditions. Collection and Analysis of Explosives Trace Chemical Evidence Lockheed Martin Energy Research, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Michael E. Sigman 97-LB-VX-A052 New materials and methods--surface wipes and sorbents--are being developed for the sampling and analysis of trace chemical evidence, including pre- and postblast explosive residue from surfaces. Containment Devices for Small Terrorist Bombs JAYCOR Defense Sciences Group Herman H. Klein 97-DT-CX-K001 Because current methods of bomb disposal are dangerous, this award supports development and evaluation of a new design for a low-cost, lightweight, easily transportable, blast-resistant container for law enforcement to store and transport bombs. Demonstration of Orthophotographic Representation and Analysis University of Maryland--Baltimore Keith D. Harries 97-LB-VX-K004 This award is using orthophotography, a digital geography technology, to enable police officers and community residents to photographically visualize crime and other relevant social and environmental data. Detection and Classification of Concealed Weapons Using Magnetic Gradient Measurements U.S. Department of Energy, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Jonathan Nadler 95-IJ-CX-A027 This project is using magnetic gradient measurement techniques in the design and fabrication of a prototype passive sensor system for detecting and classifying concealed weapons carried by individuals. Determination of the Comparative Ballistics of Enhanced Threat Weapons University of Denver, Colorado Seminary Deborah Bradford 95-IJ-CX-K004 This project is developing a reasonable spectrum or matrix best suited for comparative ballistics data of enhanced threat weapons. The project is designing an experimental program that will determine the comparative ballistics of enhanced threat weapons in law enforcement and corrections settings. Development of Advanced Wireless Technology Standards Association of Public Safety Communications Officials International, Inc. Craig M. Jorgensen 97-LB-VX-K002 This award supports development of a series of technical, land mobile, narrow-band voice and data standards to enhance the capabilities of public safety agencies to access information and reduce inquiry response time. Development of Capillary Electrophoresis for Application in Forensics DNA Testing Procedure University of Virginia Ralph Allen 93-IJ-CX-0030 This study examines sequence polymorphisms from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to answer the questions of genetic variability in racial and ethnic subpopulations. The research also makes improvements to mtDNA sequence databases and evaluates genetic mutation rates. Domestic Violence Electronic Monitoring Project in San Diego Science Applications International Corporation Sid Chillcott 97-IJ-CX-K014 This project is evaluating a specially configured electronic monitor for domestic violence offenders to determine its effectiveness in preventing further violence, its impact on the courts and enforcement agencies, and its utility in enforcing court-issued protection orders. DOD-DOJ Joint Program Steering Group, Concealed Weapons Detection U.S. Department of the Navy Jerry A. Koenig 97-IJ-CX-A013 This project continues support for concealed weapons detection technology initiatives undertaken by the U.S. Department of Defense-Department of Justice Joint Program Steering Group. DOD-DOJ Joint Program Steering Group, Counterterrorism U.S. Department of Defense David Fields 97-IJ-CX-A025 This award supports engineering and technical assistance to the counterterrorism technology initiatives undertaken by the U.S. Department of Defense-Department of Justice Joint Program Steering Group. Effectiveness of Helicopters in Police Pursuit University of South Carolina Geoffrey P. Alpert 93-IJ-CX-0061 This project is examining apprehension rates, injuries, complaints, and other consequences of using helicopters in pursuit of suspects in Baltimore, Maryland. Estimation of the Postmortem Interval From Entomological Evidence University of Florida--Gainesville Jon C. Allen 97-LB-VX-0001 This project is developing forensic methods for using insect faunal observations at crime scenes to estimate time of death. Face Recognition Technology for Internet Based Gang Tracking Visionics Corporation Norman A. Redlich 97-LB-VX-K007 This award is developing database software to compare new images with existing images in the database to match and identify subjects. Facilitation of Domestic and International Technology Partnerships in Counterterrorism Efforts Eagan, McAllister Associates, Inc. Robert Greenberg 96-LB-VX-K008 This award supports the development of NIJ partnerships with technology and law enforcement organizations that can work together with NIJ on counter-terrorism efforts. Field Evaluation of the System for the Effective Control of Urban Environment Security (SECURES) University of Cincinnati Lorraine Green Mazerolle 96-MU-MU-0018 This project is evaluating the impact in Dallas of SECURES, which uses technology developed for the military to detect and report the location of gunshots in an urban environment. The research is documenting partnership-building efforts among the Dallas Police Department, Alliant Techsystems, Inc., and the local community. Handheld Remote Concealed Weapons Detector JAYCOR Defense Sciences Group Franklin S. Felber 97-LB-VX-K008 This project is developing a handheld remote concealed weapons detector that will enable law enforcement officers to detect metallic and nonmetallic weapons concealed beneath clothing up to 20 feet away. Hazardous Devices Training Tool U.S. Department of the Navy Walter H. Ott 97-DT-CX-A044 This project is developing a computer-based training course for bomb technicians for use by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Explosive Unit-Bomb Data Center, to support State and local law enforcement agencies. Health Hazard Assessment for Kinetic Energy Impact Weapons U.S. Department of the Army Gregory J. Argyros 97-LB-VX-A024 This award provides support, assistance, and resources to the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command to assess nonlethal blunt impact munitions and delivery systems for health hazard effects. Immigration and Naturalization Service Tire Deflator Development: Phase 3 Follow-On Eagle Research Group, Inc. John Rhines 97-IJ-CX-K001 This project is designing and fabricating prototype lightweight tire deflation devices capable of being remotely activated to stop fleeing vehicles at security checkpoints. Law Enforcement Technology Commercialization at the National Technology Transfer Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jonathan Root 95-IJ-CX-A017 The National Aeronautics and Space Administration and NIJ are teaming with the National Technology Transfer Center to provide the law enforcement, corrections, and criminal justice communities with effective resources for transferring and commercializing technology. Massively Parallel DNA Typing by Capillary Array Electrophoresis (CAE) Regents of the University of California--Berkeley George Sensabaugh 93-IJ-CX-0010 This project adapts the CAE technology to criminal justice DNA testing for a variety of markers, including short tandem repeats, and enables the criminal justice system to rapidly generate large numbers of DNA profiles. Medicolegal Death Investigator Guidelines and Training Project Occupational Research and Assessment, Inc. Steven C. Clark 96-MU-CX-0005 This project is developing national guidelines for death investigations, criteria for training death investigators, and model legislation for State adoption. Microchip DNA Fingerprinting Devices Lockheed Martin Energy Research, Oak Ridge National Laboratory J. Michael Ramsey 97-LB-VX-A063 This project is developing a "laboratory-on-a-chip" technology to address the common problems in forensic DNA analysis of high cost, lengthy analysis times, and the potential for sample contamination. Mitochondrial DNA Variation in North American Populations of Forensic Interest Pennsylvania State University Mark Stoneking 92-IJ-CX-K040 This project continues a study to type mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in five geographical subpopulations of four groups (Caucasians, African-Americans, Hispanics, and Asians) to determine the extent and forensic significance of mtDNA subpopulation heterogeneity; ascertain whether any significant association exists between mtDNA types and genotypes at other loci used forensically; and increase the size of the mtDNA database. National Center for Arson and Explosion Research University of Central Florida William McGee 97-DN-VX-0001 This award is creating a forensic laboratory to study terrorist use of arson and explosives as tools of death and destruction. Naval Command, Control, and Ocean Surveillance Inservice Engineering Laboratory--East Coast Division (NISE-E) Technical Programs U.S Department of the Navy Steve Morrison 97-LB-VX-A043 This award supports research and development for the U.S. Navy's Portable Power Source Project and program management for its Concealed Weapons Detection Program. New Radio Location Technology for Electronic Monitoring of Offenders in the Community Signatron Technology Corporation Steen A. Parl 97-LB-VX-K003 This project is studying the feasibility of using technology based on radio location techniques with continuous location and tracking capability as an alternative to conventional, electronic monitoring house arrest. NIJ Surplus Property Program Ultimate Enterprise Limited Michael Simpson 96-LB-VX-K002 This project is developing procedures for locating, selecting, storing, repairing, and transferring select Department of Defense surplus property to State and local law enforcement and corrections agencies. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Forensic Sciences Program U.S. Department of Energy Susan Heiser 96-LB-VX-A043 This award supports the establishment of a Department of Energy-NIJ forensic laboratory alliance for law enforcement. Rapid DNA Typing by Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry Lockheed Martin Energy Research, Oak Ridge National Laboratory C.H. Winston Chenn 97-LB-VX-A047 This award supports development of a faster, more cost-effective approach to DNA typing using laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS) with improved resolution and sensitivity. Regional Gang Information System: Phase I Police Executive Research Forum Clifford Karchmer 96-LB-VX-K007 This project is conducting an initial demonstration of the Massachusetts Lotus Notes application to determine whether it can be used to establish a National Gang Tracking Network and is reviewing the legal and regulatory requirements that could impact the design, operation, and use of such a network. Sandia National Laboratories Test Facility Sandia National Laboratories Debra D. Spencer 97-LB-VX-A004 This award supports the establishment of a facility for testing both commercial and new prototype equipment, including the detection of explosives and drugs. SkyTracker Surveillance System National Systems and Research Company Paul Scheffer 96-IJ-CX-K006 This project is integrating the U.S. Department of Defense's Global Positioning System, a commercial communications satellite system, and miniaturized remote location sensors to covertly monitor the vehicles of suspected criminals. Smart Gun Development and Prototype Colt's Manufacturing Company, Inc. Douglas G. Overbury 97-LB-VX-K006 This award supports redesign of the Smart Gun Evaluation Prototype 1 to incorporate a smaller transponder, an integrated power supply and RF module in the grip, a laser aiming device, an improved blocking device, and a small onboard diagnostic display. Systems Engineering and Technical Assistance for the National Institute of Justice, Office of Science and Technology U.S. Department of Defense, Defense Support Office Carl F. Kiele 96-LB-VX-A038 This award supports program and technical management, planning and oversight, and systems engineering and technical evaluation for NIJ's science and technology programs. Technical Requirements for Implementation of Technology Information Network and Technical Support U.S. Department of the Navy Steve Morrison 95-IJ-CX-A016 This project provides resources, advice, and recommendations on the technical requirements for implementation in the first phase of construction of a hub Technology Information Network for the National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Centers. Technology Assessment Program U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology Kathleen M. Higgins 94-IJ-CX-A004 This award continues support for projects developed under the Technology Assessment Program, such as DNA PCR standards, laboratory accreditation, armor piercing ammunition testing, trauma plate testing, less-than-lethal technologies technical support, and integrated systems digital network standards. Testing the Reliability of Animal Models in Research and Training Programs in Forensic Entomology Louisiana Tech University James D. Liberatos 94-IJ-CX-0039 This study authenticates a currently used method for determining the post mortem interval by scientifically testing the yet unsupported claim that the domestic pig is a reliable human surrogate in forensic entomology. Two-Dimensional Concrete Penetrating Imaging Radar Hughes Missile Systems Company Larry M. Fraizer 97-DT-CX-K002 This project is testing and evaluating two-dimensional, concrete penetrating imaging radar, which can reveal objects on the other side of high-density walls or structures. The imaging radar is being tested and evaluated under typical law enforcement field conditions. Working With Technology in Corrections American Correctional Association John J. Greene 96-LB-VX-K004 This award is identifying, locating, and evaluating methods used to purchase correctional technologies. It also supports a conference to introduce manufacturers and suppliers to a cross-section of practitioners who will share their experiences with and expectations of the costs of technology. ------------------------------------------------------- o Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Centers NIJ's National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center and its regional centers offer centralized sources of product and technology information, assessment, and referral services to law enforcement, corrections, and other criminal justice professionals. NIJ also supports a Border Research and Technology Center that focuses on developing and enhancing border control. National Headquarters--Rockville, Maryland: National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center Aspen Systems Corporation Marc H. Caplan 96-MU-MU-K011, 96-IJ-CX-K001 Northeastern Region--Rome, New York: National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center U.S. Air Force, Rome Laboratory John A. Ritz 95-IJ-CX-A040, 96-IJ-CX-A032 Rocky Mountain Region--Denver, Colorado: National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center University of Denver, Colorado Seminary Jim Keller 95-IJ-CX-K004, 96-MU-MU-K012 San Diego, California: Border Research and Technology Center U.S. Department of the Navy, Naval Command, Control and Ocean Surveillance Center Aerospace Corporation Robert M. Pentz Sandia National Laboratories Debbie Spencer and Chris Aldridge 96-IJ-CX-A036, 96-MU-MU-K006 95-IJ-CX-K005 Southeast Region--Charleston, South Carolina: National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center U.S. Department of the Navy, Naval Electronic Systems Engineering Center Ronald L. Polkowsky South Carolina Research Authority Tommy Sexton 96-IJ-CX-A010, 96-LB-VX-K005 Western Region--El Segundo, California: National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center Aerospace Corporation Robert M. Pentz 96-MU-MU-K006 ------------------------------------------------------- o Less-Than-Lethal Technology Pepper Spray Projectile Disperser Delta Defense, Inc. Roy Kelly 97-MU-MU-K011 This award supports design and testing of an improved projectile capable of dispersing oleoresin capsicum (pepper spray) for use in hostage, barricade, and tactical assault situations. Policy Assessment Panel SEASKATE, Inc. E.A. Burkhalter 96-MU-MU-K016, 95-IJ-CX-K001 A policy and technology assessment panel is identifying promising law enforcement and corrections technologies from the defense, intelligence, and private sector arenas in the short and long terms, as well as best approaches in introducing them to the criminal justice community. Technology Liability Task Group SEASKATE, Inc. E.A. Burkhalter 96-LB-VX-K006, 95-IJ-CX-K006 This award addresses science and the law and assesses and makes recommendations regarding liability issues that might arise from deployment of new technologies. NCJ 166374 ------------------------------------------------------- The National Institute of Justice is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Assistance, the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and the Office for Victims of Crime. -------------------------------------------------------