Table 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs, 1989-2006

Year

Actual Peakload Reductions ¹

Energy Savings

Costs

Energy Efficiency ²

Load Management ³

Total

Megawatts

Million Kilowatthours

Thousand Nominal Dollars ⁴

1989

12,463

14,672

872,935

1990

13,704

20,458

1,177,457

1991

15,619

24,848

1,803,773

1992

7,890

9,314

17,204

35,563

2,348,094

1993

10,368

12,701

23,069

45,294

2,743,533

1994

11,662

13,340

25,001

52,483

2,715,657

1995

13,212

16,347

29,561

57,421

2,421,284

1996

14,243

15,650

29,893

61,842

1,902,197

1997

13,327

11,958

25,284

56,406

1,636,020

1998

13,591

13,640

27,231

49,167

1,420,920

1999

13,452

13,003

26,455

50,563

1,423,644

2000

12,873

10,027

22,901

53,701

1,564,901

2001

13,027

11,928

24,955

53,936

1,630,286

2002

13,420

9,516

22,936

54,075

1,625,537

2003

13,581

9,323

22,904

50,265

1,297,210

2004

14,272

9,260

23,532

54,710

1,557,466

2005

15,351

10,359

25,710

59,897

1,921,352

2006

15,959

11,281

27,240

63,817

2,051,394

¹The actual reduction in peak load reflects the change in demand for electricity that results from a utility demand-side management (DSM) program that is in effect at the time that the utility experiences its actual peak load as opposed to the potential installed peakload reduction capacity. Differences between actual and potential peak reduction result from changes in weather, economic activity, and other variable conditions.			NA=Not available.
²"Energy Efficiency" refers to programs that are aimed at reducing the energy used by specific end-use devices and systems, typically without affecting the services provided. These programs reduce overall electricity consumption, often without explicit consideration for the timing of program-induced savings. Such savings are generally achieved by substituting technically more advanced equipment to produce the same level of end-use services (e.g., lighting, heating, motor drive) with less electricity. Examples include high-efficiency appliances, efficient lighting programs, high-efficiency heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems or control modifications, efficient building design, advanced electric motor drives, and heat recovery systems.			Note: This table reports on the results of DSM programs operated by electric utilities. The decrease since 1998 in peakload reductions from DSM programs can be attributed in part to utilities cutting back or terminating these programs due to industry deregulation. Some State governments have created new programs to promote DSM. Examples include the "Energy $mart Loan Fund" administered by the New York Energy Research and Development Authority and the "Efficiency Vermont" program of the Vermont Public Service Board. Data on energy savings attributable to these non-utility programs are not collected by the Energy Information Administration.
³"Load Management" includes programs such as "Direct Load Control," "Interruptible Load Control," and, "Other Types" of DSM programs. "Direct Load Control" refers to program activities that can interrupt consumer load at the time of annual peak load by direct control of the utility system operator by interrupting power supply to individual appliances or equipment on consumer premises. This type of control usually involves residential consumers. "Interruptible Load Control" refers to program activities that, in accordance with contractual arrangements, can interrupt consumer load at times of seasonal peak load by direct control of the utility system operator or by action of the consumer at the direct request of the system operator. It usually involves commercial and industrial consumers. In some instances, the load reduction may be affected by direct action of the system operator (remote tripping) after notice to the consumer in accordance with contractual provisions. "Other Types" are programs that limit or shift peak loads from on-peak to off-peak time periods, such as space heating and water heating storage systems.			Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.
⁴See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.			Sources: · 1989-1994—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-861, "Annual Electric Utility Report." · 1995 forward—EIA, Electric Power Annual 2006 (October 2007), Tables 9.1, 9.6, and 9.7.