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08 February 2006
Russian NGO Law Criticized by State Department Official
Nongovernmental organizations are not your enemy, Lowenkron tells Russia
Washington -- Russia is working against democratic trends as a new law takes effect restricting activities of domestic and international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), according to Barry F. Lowenkron, the State Department’s assistant secretary for democracy, human rights and labor, in an interview with Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty on February 1.
The restrictions affect how NGOs raise and spend money in Russia. (See related article.)
“We have been above board in terms of helping Russians organize themselves in a whole range of activities, from helping the media, to the forming of political parties, to weighing in on their concerns,” Lowenkron said. “This is what democracy is all about; this is what NGOs are all about.”
Lowenkron said there is a misunderstanding in Russia about the roles of the United States and NGOs. Russian officials believe, he said, that the “U.S. government or the West directs the activities of NGOs in order to weaken Russia, or in order to advance, as one Russian said, ‘your own geopolitical games in our neighborhood.’ And nothing could be farther from the truth.”
NGOs, including human rights groups and promoters of democracy, help local groups organize themselves on a number of issues, especially elections.
“When NGOs ask for help -- when they ask for help in terms of how to organize, when they ask for help in terms of how to observe elections -- then I think American taxpayers, or German taxpayers, or taxpayers anywhere around the world that support NGOs are very comfortable offering that,” Lowenkron said. “Nobody gets on a plane with sacks of money and flies into Kyiv [Ukraine] or any other capital and says, ‘Here, go ahead and overthrow a legitimate order.’”
Lowenkron said NGOs are integral to international politics. “NGOs can support governments, they can criticize governments, but they should never be viewed as enemies of governments.”
Below is the transcript of Lowenkron’s radio interview:
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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE
Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
New Russian Law on Nongovernmental Organizations
Barry F. Lowenkron, Assistant Secretary for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor
Interview on Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
Washington, DC
February 1, 2006
Following is an interview of Assistant Secretary for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor Barry F. Lowenkron by Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty relating to the law passed by the Russian Parliament and signed by Russian President Vladimir Putin which restricted activities of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) operating in Russia.
QUESTION: Both U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and new German Chancellor Angela Merkel have publicly expressed their concern about the new Russian law on NGOs. Nevertheless, a recent scandal erupted over the alleged British "spy rock" implicating two respected NGOs in Russia -- the Moscow Helsinki Group and the Eurasia Foundation. Is there any sense at the U.S. State Department that the warnings about the NGOs are falling on deaf ears in Moscow?
ASSISTANT SECRETARY LOWENKRON: No, I think that we have weighed in quietly as well with President [Vladimir] Putin and Secretary of the Foreign Ministry [Sergei] Lavrov. We have registered our concerns, and others in Russia themselves have registered their concerns. And I think there were a number of improvements between the first reading of the bill in the Duma and the final one that President Putin signed.
Having said that, I think that there is a fundamental misunderstanding [in Russia] as to what NGO activity is all about. It seems as if [the belief is that] the United States or the U.S. government or the West directs the activities of NGOs in order to weaken Russia, or in order to advance, as one Russian said, "your own geopolitical games in our neighborhood." And nothing could be farther from the truth. The fact of the matter is that the work of the NGOs has been completely open and transparent. There has been bipartisan support. We have been above board in terms of helping Russians themselves organize themselves in a whole range of activities, from helping the media, to the forming of political parties, to weighing in on their concerns. This is what democracy is all about; this is what NGOs are all about.
I told Russian officials when I was in Moscow that NGO activities have become part and parcel of international politics. NGOs can support governments, they can criticize governments, but they should never be viewed as enemies of governments.
QUESTION: As you suggested, there is a widespread perception in Russia and countries around Russia that American taxpayers sponsored the 2004 Orange Revolution in Ukraine using NGOs. Assuming that you disagree with this characterization about the Orange Revolution, what can the U.S. do to dispel this widely held impression? This impression, of course, has added fuel to rising sentiment against NGOs, not just in Russia, but also in Central Asia.
ASSISTANT SECRETARY LOWENKRON: I would say that there is pressure against NGOs in Russia, and in Central Asia, and China, and worldwide. In fact, this is a growing phenomenon.
Secretary of State Rice made it clear that democracy by its very definition cannot be imposed. So what NGOs have done is they have offered, they have volunteered, they have helped local organizations--as was the case in Ukraine--to try to organize working in a multilateral setting to say, "Look, let's have open, fair, transparent elections." When the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) itself raises questions, when observers raise questions, about the first round of elections in Ukraine, then everybody needs to take notice. When NGOs ask for help--when they ask for help in terms of how to organize, when they ask for help in terms of how to observe elections--then I think American taxpayers, or German taxpayers, or taxpayers anywhere around the world that support NGOs are very comfortable offering that. It's all been above board. Nobody gets on a plane with sacks of money and flies into Kyiv or any other capital and says, "Here, go ahead and overthrow a legitimate order." That's sheer nonsense.
QUESTION: Election monitoring is generally considered a very benign and necessary activity, but because it is related to elections which are so heated in these countries, isn't it always going to be a source of suspicion? Should the United States entertain the option of pulling back from anything that seems close to the political sphere in order to dispel such suspicions?
ASSISTANT SECRETARY LOWENKRON: But I would ask the question why would we want to pull back from offering overt assistance to organizations that are trying to get some help? We're not imposing, we don't impose plans; nongovernmental organizations sometimes ask for help. Let me give you an example. There are many, many nongovernmental organizations in this country who never, never call the U.S. government. I never hear from them, except when they may call to complain about U.S. policies. Whereas I think there is some people overseas, some people in the Russian government who think that somehow I, sitting at my desk, and others--that we direct the activities of all these [American] NGOs, and this should be a warning to us to pull back. These NGOs want to participate in the development of full democracy.
RFE/RL: Of course, not all NGOs in Russia face problems. There are NGOs that are engaging in activities that local governments would like to do themselves, but lack the funding. Those NGOs face no problems. The NGOs that run into problems are the ones that do something that the local government never thought of doing, or does not particularly want them to do.
ASSISTANT SECRETARY LOWENKRON: Therein lies the rub. You cannot have democracy promotion a la carte. You can't. And so when you start this process, you have to allow these many NGOs and individuals to have a voice in their own affairs. You cannot direct it. You cannot control it. You cannot steer it. You certainly can't manipulate it. And you can't give them a bottom line and say: "Work toward this outcome."
QUESTION: What leverage does the United States have to convince Russia not to restrict the operations civil society?
ASSISTANT SECRETARY LOWENKRON: Well, I think it begins with high-level diplomacy. It starts with the president. It starts with the secretary of state. Our ambassador. It also entails bringing other like-minded leaders together -- for example, Chancellor Merkel. We didn't coordinate our messages, but certainly Chancellor Merkel made a very strong, clear statement in support of NGOs when she met President Putin in Moscow several weeks ago. So I think that is also another critical element.
Finally, I would also add that at the end of the day, Russian officials have to ask themselves how they want to be perceived in the West, or in the world in general. Take the G-8, for example. There can be two stories that come out of the G-8. One story is President Putin demonstrating leadership of the G-8 in addressing global issues of the economy, health, or energy. Or the story could be that President Putin presides over G-8 meetings against a backdrop of the evisceration, the decline of democracy and freedom in Russia. The choice at the end of the day is his.
QUESTION: You raise the issue of the G-8. Some people would argue that Russia's chairmanship of the G-8 was, for Putin, the most tantalizing carrot, the most positive enticement--and that now that he has it, the United States has nothing left in its bag of goodies to offer him.
ASSISTANT SECRETARY LOWENKRON: The G-8 was not something that the U.S. could offer Putin. Basically, Russia has been in the G-8 for a while. This is part of the calendar--the cycle of what the countries in the G-8 chair. The British had the presidency last year; we [the United States] had the presidency in 2004. Now it's the Russian Federation's turn. We still see that there is a lot that can be done in a G-8 context, on this global agenda, but that doesn't preclude us from raising these issues no matter how sensitive they are. I would also hasten to add that it's not solely a matter of the [U.S.] executive branch raising these issues, or Chancellor Merkel raising these issues, but NGOs overseas raising the issues and also the Hill. The Congress, our own congress, is very much concerned about the direction of Russian democracy, and they are raising questions about the G-8, and they're asking questions about how President Putin wants to project himself and the Russian state in the international system.
QUESTION: Is there any possibility at this point that Russia could lose its chairmanship of the G-8? Let's say they took some extreme action and closed down every NGO in the country, for example. Are the logistical requirements of hosting a complex event like the G-8 summit in St. Petersburg in July--does that make it impossible to take the chairmanship away, impossible to move the summit somewhere else?
ASSISTANT SECRETARY LOWENKRON: I don't think it's an issue of logistics, and I don't get into hypotheticals. All I can say is that at this point, we have a lot of issues with the Russians on our agenda. And we have this NGO issue--Which, by the way, is part and parcel of democratic trends in Russia that are not going in the right direction. And so I think it's important that we pursue both tracks. It's a fact of life; we have to pursue both tracks. We're working with the Russians now on Iran, for example, just as we're working with the Russians and telling them we will monitor how they implement their NGO law.
QUESTION: Moving beyond Russia, is there anything you can say about what U.S. leverage has in protecting NGOs in Central Asia--for example, in Uzbekistan or Turkmenistan?
ASSISTANT SECRETARY LOWENKRON: Well, on the issue of Uzbekistan, I think there was a miscalculation on their part. They thought that the "global war on terror" meant we would look the other way on the events in Andijon. And we have not. And so there were consequences in our relationship. In the context of NGOs, we're going to continue to press to support the work of NGOs as part of a broad dialogue with each of the leaders in the region, to talk about how they can foster democratic practices and rule of law--rule of law, and not rule by law.
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(Distributed by the Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State. Web site: http://usinfo.state.gov)
