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1. The Role of Lad Magazines in Priming Men's Chronic and Temporary Appearance-Related Schemata: An Investigation of Longitudinal and Experimental Findings (EJ822410)
Author(s):
Aubrey, Jennifer Stevens; Taylor, Laramie D.
Source:
Human Communication Research, v35 n1 p28-58 Jan 2009
Pub Date:
2009-01-00
Pub Type(s):
Journal Articles; Reports - Evaluative
Peer-Reviewed:
Yes
Descriptors: Student Attitudes; Anxiety; Males; Undergraduate Students; Student Motivation; Self Actualization; Periodicals; Self Esteem; Mass Media Effects; Media Research; Correlation; Physical Characteristics; Interpersonal Attraction; Predictor Variables
Abstract: We present a program of research investigating the effects of lad magazines on male body self-consciousness and appearance anxiety. Study 1, based on panel data from undergraduate men, showed that lad magazine exposure in Year 1 predicted body self-consciousness in Year 2. Study 2 was an experiment that showed that men assigned to view objectified women in lad magazines reported significantly higher levels of appearance anxiety and appearance-related motivations for exercise than men assigned to view male fashion models. We speculated that participants believed that to be romantically successful with these women would require them to conform to an idealized appearance standard. Study 3 replicated the finding that exposure to sexually objectified women primed body self-consciousness, and it further showed that this effect was mediated by romantic confidence. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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2. Learning Professional Ways of Being: Ambiguities of Becoming (EJ825047)
Dall'Alba, Gloria
Educational Philosophy and Theory, v41 n1 p34-45 Feb 2009
2009-02-00
Descriptors: Epistemology; Professional Education; Educational Philosophy; Educational Theories; Role of Education; Self Actualization; Individual Development
Abstract: The purpose of professional education programs is to prepare aspiring professionals for the challenges of practice within a particular profession. These programs typically seek to ensure the acquisition of necessary knowledge and skills, as well as providing opportunities for their application. While not denying the importance of knowledge and skills, this paper reconfigures professional education as a process of becoming. Learning to become a professional involves not only what we know and can do, but also who we are (becoming). It involves integration of knowing, acting, and being in the form of professional ways of being that unfold over time. When a professional education program focuses on the acquisition and application of knowledge and skills, it falls short of facilitating their integration into professional ways of being. In addition, through such a focus on epistemology (or theory of knowing), ontology (or theory of being) is overlooked. This paper explores what it means to develop professional ways of being where the focus is becoming, not simply knowing as an end in itself. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
3. Non-Linear Modeling of Growth Prerequisites in a Finnish Polytechnic Institution of Higher Education (EJ827799)
Nokelainen, Petri; Ruohotie, Pekka
Journal of Workplace Learning, v21 n1 p36-57 2009
2009-00-00
Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Descriptors: Foreign Countries; Multidimensional Scaling; Factor Analysis; Higher Education; Technical Education; Bayesian Statistics; Employee Attitudes; Work Environment; Professional Development; Self Actualization; School Personnel
Abstract: Purpose: This study aims to examine the factors of growth-oriented atmosphere in a Finnish polytechnic institution of higher education with categorical exploratory factor analysis, multidimensional scaling and Bayesian unsupervised model-based visualization. Design/methodology/approach: This study was designed to examine employee perceptions of how their managers create conditions that support professional growth and learning, and how the employees perceive their growth motivation and commitment to the organization. Data were gathered from 447 employees with the Growth-oriented Atmosphere Questionnaire in a Finnish polytechnic institution of higher education. Findings: Results showed that the theoretical four-group classification of the growth-oriented atmosphere factors was supported by the empirical evidence. Results further showed that managers and teachers had higher growth motivation and level of commitment to work than other personnel, including job titles such as cleaner, caretaker, accountant and computer support. Employees across all job titles in the organization, who have temporary or part-time contracts, had higher self-reported growth motivation and commitment to work and organization than their established colleagues. Practical implications: Leaders in various organizations may benefit from learning what is the current professional growth status of diverse employee groups, and in understanding the potential differences in employee growth motivation. Originality/value: This study contributes to an understanding of organizational growth and learning as a non-linear process. The statistical non-linear modeling approach is novel providing research and practical example of how to use these techniques in practice. (Contains 3 tables and 4 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
4. Agency and Conformity in School-Based Teacher Training (EJ798892)
Roberts, Jon; Graham, Suzanne
Teaching and Teacher Education: An International Journal of Research and Studies, v24 n6 p1401-1412 Aug 2008
2008-08-00
Descriptors: Beginning Teachers; Socialization; Preservice Teachers; Preservice Teacher Education; Foreign Countries; Interviews; Interpersonal Competence; School Culture; Self Concept; Learning Strategies; Self Actualization; Teacher Attitudes
Abstract: Concern has been expressed that the current climate in schools militates against trainee teachers' self-directed development. This article explores the issue of trainees' capacity for self-direction through the analysis of interviews with 32 trainees, investigating their perceived proactive social strategies. Three proactive strategies were identified: "tactical compliance", personalising advice, and seeking out opportunities to exercise control. It is argued that these strategies are indicative of trainees' drive to establish a personal teaching identity through self-directed development and the creation of individual development agendas. The article concludes by emphasising the importance of the development of proactive social skills in beginning teachers. (Contains 1 table.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
5. Assessing the Counselling Needs of High School Students in Kenya (EJ798844)
Nyutu, Pius N.; Gysbers, Norman C.
International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, v8 n2 p83-94 Jul 2008
2008-07-00
Descriptors: Self Actualization; Factor Structure; Factor Analysis; Foreign Countries; Social Values; Career Development; High School Students; Counseling; High Schools
Abstract: The Student Counselling Needs Scale (SCNS) was administered to 867 participants recruited from high schools in Kenya. The data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis yielding five factors: human relationships, career development, self development, social values, and learning skills were assessed. The findings highlighted the importance of using assessment instruments to identify students' counselling needs in Kenya. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
6. Complexities of Organization Dynamics and Development: Leaders and Managers (ED502470)
Nderu-Boddington, Eulalee
Online Submission
2008-09-04
Reports - Research
N/A
Descriptors: Organizational Change; Group Dynamics; Organizational Culture; Models; Well Being; Personality Theories; Self Efficacy; Self Actualization; Probability
Abstract: This article shows the theoretical framework for understanding organizational dynamics and development - the change theory and subordinate relationships within contemporary organizations. The emphasis is on power strategies and the relationship to organizational dynamics and development. The integrative process broadens the understanding of patterns of organizational dynamics and development and enhances the understanding of factors that influence subordinates' perceptions of well-being and their performance in the workplace. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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7. Encountering the Alien: Gadamer and Transformation in Pedagogy (EJ811940)
Graaff, Johann
Educational Philosophy and Theory, v40 n6 p758-769 Oct 2008
2008-10-00
Journal Articles; Reports - Descriptive
Descriptors: College Students; Educational Philosophy; Social Development; Self Actualization; Individual Psychology; Transformative Learning
Abstract: For Gadamer, understanding moves between two different levels. One is the everyday ontological level in which there is a meeting between the familiar and the alien, between the known and the not-quite-expected. But understanding can also be a skill to be developed. This is the way in which we achieve good knowledge. In pedagogical terms, encountering the alien is the basis for self-formation, or bildung, originating in Hegel. But there is an ambiguity at the heart of bildung. The notion of encountering the alien runs together two different notions: (a) being pulled up short, as elaborated by Deborah Kerdeman; and (b) allowing oneself to be interrogated by the other, as described by Charles Taylor. And each of these has affective psychodynamic parallels in Jungian and Freudian psychology, the first in the notion of deflating hubris, and the second, in the reintegration of projection. The experiences of encountering the alien in these two forms can be extremely intense for university students and they constitute significant self-transformations. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
8. Addiction to Cosmetic Surgery: Representations and Medicalization of the Body (EJ816714)
Suissa, Amnon Jacob
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, v6 n4 p619-630 Oct 2008
Descriptors: Social Status; Social Control; Surgery; Human Body; Values; Addictive Behavior; Cultural Influences; Self Actualization; Sociocultural Patterns; Social Influences; Physical Characteristics; Aesthetics; Self Concept
Abstract: Contemporary social transformations of the body are essentially mediated by medical discourse. With the body conceived of as "soft and modifiable," we are witnessing an unprecedented rise in recourse to medicine in order to validate primarily social conditions. In this context, plastic surgery functions as a modality of social control and management, not only of the physical body as such, but at the social level as well. Physical, because plastic surgery allows one to modify the external and visible organs (face, breasts, legs, nose, etc.), and social, because it proposes a social model of the ideal body that goes beyond the one inherited from the biological parents. If the past sheds light on the present, one might wonder whether there are any representations of the body in history that can help us understand better the contemporary phenomenon of cosmetic surgery. What do we mean by the medicalization of bodies? How does a psychosocial condition change from having a social status to a medical one? How can we explain the extraordinary popularity of plastic surgery as a socially acceptable, and desirable, behavior? To answer these questions, based on a review of the literature, this article analyzes the social trend towards the medicalization of bodies via plastic surgery. To that end, four main aspects will be examined: (1) a brief overview of the body's representation throughout history; (2) a reminder that medicalization is a mode of social control; (3) psychosocial factors that influence the recourse to plastic surgery; (4) cultural examples that demonstrate how important cultural values are in shaping the different trajectories regarding plastic surgery. In conclusion, the author suggests considering social ties as a major component in the social intervention process. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
9. Three Elements of Self-Authorship (EJ803067)
Baxter Magolda, Marcia B.
Journal of College Student Development, v49 n4 p269-284 Jul-Aug 2008
2008-00-00
Descriptors: Guidance; College Students; Interviews; Adults; Longitudinal Studies; Self Actualization; Metacognition; Individual Development; Self Concept
Abstract: This article describes three distinct yet interrelated elements of self-authorship: trusting the internal voice, building an internal foundation, and securing internal commitments. These elements, which emerged from longitudinal interviews with adults in their 30s, offer insights into the complexity and cyclical nature of self-authorship as well as provide guidance for how educators can assist college students in developing their internal voices to meet the challenges of adult life. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
10. Understanding What It Means for Older Students to Learn Basic Musical Skills on a Keyboard Instrument (EJ799342)
Taylor, Angela; Hallam, Susan
Music Education Research, v10 n2 p285-306 Jun 2008
2008-06-00
No
Descriptors: Music Education; Musical Instruments; Educational Research; Adults; Interviews; Case Studies; Qualitative Research; Phenomenology; Music; Skill Development; Expectation; Student Needs; Achievement; Music Appreciation; Self Actualization; Motivation; Empowerment
Abstract: Although many adults take up or return to instrumental and vocal tuition every year, we know very little about how they experience it. As part of ongoing case study research, eight older learners with modest keyboard skills explored what their musical skills meant to them during conversation-based repertory grid interviews. The data were categorised using simple clustering, and thematically analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA). Although this study was very small scale, findings suggest that lifelong musical experience, expectations and understanding profoundly affect adult motivation for learning a musical instrument. By choosing what to learn and how to do it, and satisfying their need for achievement, enjoyment and self-confidence, older keyboard learners can use their music learning to construct a dynamic musical identity as part of their self-fulfilment. (Contains 2 tables and 2 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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