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1. "...but It Has Its Price": Cycles of Alienation and Exclusion among Pioneering Druze Women (EJ817419)
Author(s):
Levy, Naomi Weiner
Source:
International Journal of Educational Development, v29 n1 p46-55 Jan 2009
Pub Date:
2009-01-00
Pub Type(s):
Information Analyses; Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Peer-Reviewed:
Yes
Descriptors: Higher Education; Females; Cultural Differences; Foreign Countries; Educational Environment; Social Change; Gender Issues; Sex Role; Alienation; Social Isolation; Sociocultural Patterns
Abstract: The positive aspects of women from traditional societies acquiring higher education have been widely documented, while the loss and pain entailed in the process, involving transition and changing gender roles, have usually been ignored. This narrative research explores the experience of Druze women who were the first or among the first, from their villages to study at Israeli universities, focusing on their return home following their studies. Studying in university involved crossing boundaries of gender and culture, leading the women through a path profoundly different from that of their families or childhood friends. Upon return, feelings of pride and accomplishment were accompanied by alienation, hybridity and pain. These aspects, previously overlooked in research literature, are discussed in the present article, adding a new dimension to the understanding of emotional and social facets in the lives of women from so-called "traditional" societies who seek higher education. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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2. From Stress to Distress: Conceptualizing the British Family Farming Patriarchal Way of Life (EJ820590)
Price, Linda; Evans, Nick
Journal of Rural Studies, v25 n1 p1-11 Jan 2009
Journal Articles; Reports - Evaluative
Descriptors: Social Behavior; Biographies; Foreign Countries; Rural Areas; Family Environment; Feminism; Gender Issues; Case Studies; Interviews; Ethnography; Sex Role; Rural Farm Residents; Rural Sociology; Agriculture; Social Theories
Abstract: "Rural stress" and "farming stress" are terms that have become commonly appropriated by British health-based academic disciplines, the medical profession and social support networks, especially since the agricultural "crises" of B.S.E. and Foot and Mouth disease. Looking beyond the media headlines, it is apparent that the terms in fact are colloquial catch-alls for visible psychological and physiological outcomes shown by individuals. Seldom have the underlying causes and origins of presentable medical outcomes been probed, particularly within the context of the patriarchal and traditionally patrilineal way of life which family forms of farming business activity in Britain encapsulate. Thus, this paper argues that insufficient attention has been paid to the conceptualization of the terms. They have become both over-used and ill-defined in their application to British family farm individuals and their life situations. A conceptual framework is outlined that attempts to shift the stress research agenda into the unilluminated spaces of the family farming "way of life" and focus instead on "distress". Drawing upon theorization from agricultural and feminist geography together with cultural approaches from rural geography, four distinct clusters of distress originate from the thoughts of individuals and the social practices now required to enact patriarchal family farming gender identities. These are explored using case study evidence from ethnographic repeated life history interviews with members of seven farming families in Powys, Mid Wales, an area dominated by family forms of farming business. Future research agendas need to be based firmly on the distressing reality of patriarchal family farming and also be inclusive of those who, having rejected the associated way of life, now lie beyond the farm gate. (Contains 1 figure and 1 table.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
3. Harbingers of Feminism? Gender, Cultural Capital and Education in Mid-Twentieth-Century Rural Wales (EJ820677)
Baker, Sally; Brown, Brian
Gender and Education, v21 n1 p63-79 Jan 2009
Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Descriptors: Feminism; Females; Family Life; Foreign Countries; Rural Areas; Gender Issues; Gender Bias; Equal Education; Social Bias; Poverty; Employed Women; Women Faculty; Career Choice; World History; Biographies; Cultural Capital; Academic Aspiration; Sex Role; Access to Education; Teaching (Occupation); Social Influences; Power Structure; Higher Education
Abstract: This paper reports the results of a small-scale narrative study of men and women who grew up in mid-twentieth-century rural Wales, and their reminiscences regarding women and education. Although the dominant image of Wales during that era is that of a male-dominated society, all of our participants remembered influential independent women and educational aspiration for both girls and boys. We use Bourdieusian notions of types of cultural capital and the role of women in transmitting this to illuminate our participants' narratives. Accounts of family life disclosed themes of sacrifice concerning education, poverty during childhood and the role of school teaching as a career for women. Yet at the same time, there were forms of exclusion in operation. In conclusion, we suggest that in many ways, the women remembered by our participants could be seen as forerunners of the second wave of feminism. (Contains 1 table.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
4. Getting Outside Help: How Trust Problems Explain Household Differences in Domestic Outsourcing in the Netherlands (EJ820921)
de Ruijter, Esther; van der Lippe, Tanja
Journal of Family Issues, v30 n1 p3-27 2009
2009-00-00
Descriptors: Foreign Countries; Service Occupations; Family (Sociological Unit); Family Role; Employment Practices; Privatization; Trust (Psychology); Gender Issues; Sex Role; Economic Factors
Abstract: This article examines the influence of trust problems on the use of domestic outsourcing by couples from a gender perspective. The authors argue that trust problems matter in outsourcing decisions, because an outsider enters the privacy of the household and takes over tasks of special value. Analyses of data from a survey among 740 Dutch couples show that trust problems faced by female partners influence the outsourcing of female tasks, and the same reasoning applies to male partners. Partners who are more trusting toward others are more likely to outsource own-gender tasks. Conversely, greater skills reduce the trust problem for opposite-gender tasks, that is, men's skills increase the likelihood of outsourcing child care, whereas women's skills increase the outsourcing of home maintenance. (Contains 2 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
5. Covenant Marriage and the Sanctification of Gendered Marital Roles (EJ822492)
Baker, Elizabeth H.; Sanchez, Laura A.; Nock, Steven L.; Wright, James D.
Journal of Family Issues, v30 n2 p147-178 2009
Descriptors: Longitudinal Studies; Marriage; Gender Issues; Sex Role; Institutional Role; Regression (Statistics); Marital Status; Religious Factors; Behavior Standards; Ideology; Ethics
Abstract: This study contributes to research on the deinstitutionalization of marriage and changing gender ideologies by focusing on a unique group of marriage innovators. With quantitative and qualitative data from the Marriage Matters project (1997-2004), this study used a symbolic interactionist perspective to compare covenant- and standard-married couples. Findings reveal that covenants are more traditional than standards across religious, marital, and gender attitude indices. Qualitative analyses suggest that covenants see their marital status as a powerful symbol to publicly display their beliefs about the benefits and necessity of traditional religious marriage. Covenant-married couples defuse the stigma of gender subordination by casting it as a service to God and by crafting a hybrid form of gender traditionalism that incorporates emotional ethics of egalitarianism. Conversely, standard-married couples view gender, marriage, and religion as diffuse, privatized, individualized matters. Implications are discussed in light of further research on contemporary marriage and shifting gender roles. (Contains 2 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
6. Damsels in Discourse: Girls Consuming and Producing Identity Texts through Disney Princess Play (EJ824069)
Wohlwend, Karen E.
Reading Research Quarterly, v44 n1 p57-83 Jan-Mar 2009
Descriptors: Discourse Analysis; Females; Children; Play; Ethnography; Toys; Popular Culture; Mass Media Effects; Kindergarten; Identification (Psychology); Consumer Economics; Scripts; Writing Workshops; Leadership; Role; Semiotics; Classroom Observation Techniques; Sex Role
Abstract: Drawing upon theories that reconceptualize toys and artifacts as identity texts, this study employs mediated discourse analysis to examine children's videotaped writing and play interactions with princess dolls and stories in one kindergarten classroom. The study reported here is part of a three-year ethnographic study of literacy play in U.S. early childhood classrooms. The specific focus here is on young girls who are avid Disney Princess fans and how they address the gendered identities and discourses attached to the popular films and franchised toys. The study employs an activity model design that incorporates ethnographic microanalysis of social practices in the classroom, design conventions in toys and drawings, negotiated meanings in play, and identities situated in discourses. The commercially given gendered princess identities of the dolls, consumer expectations about the dolls, the author identities in books and storyboards associated with the dolls, and expectations related to writing production influenced how the girls upheld, challenged, or transformed the meanings they negotiated for princess story lines and their gender expectations, which influenced who participated in play scenarios and who assumed leadership roles in peer and classroom cultures. When the girls played with Disney Princess dolls during writing workshop, they animated identities sedimented into toys and texts. Regular opportunities to play with toys during writing workshop allowed children to improvise and revise character actions, layering new story meanings and identities onto old. Dolls and storyboards facilitated chains of animating and authoring, linking meanings from one event to the next as they played, wrote, replayed, and rewrote. The notion of productive consumption explains how girls enthusiastically took up familiar media narratives, encountered social limitations in princess identities, improvised character actions, and revised story lines to produce counternarratives of their own. (Contains 3 tables and 6 figures. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
7. Change in Work-Family Conflict among Employed Parents between 1977 and 1997 (EJ825882)
Nomaguchi, Kei M.
Journal of Marriage and Family, v71 n1 p15-32 Feb 2009
2009-02-00
Descriptors: Labor Force Nonparticipants; Leisure Time; Conflict; National Surveys; Employed Parents; Rewards; Labor Force; Educational Attainment; Family Work Relationship; Females; Sex Role
Abstract: Using data from two national surveys (N = 2,050), this paper examines what accounts for the increase in the sense of work-family conflict among employed parents between 1977 and 1997. Decomposition analysis indicates that the increases in women's labor force participation, college education, time pressure in completing one's job, and the decline in free time were related to the increase. Fathers in dual-earner marriages experienced a particular increase in work-family conflict. With the same amount of time spent with children, parents felt greater work-family conflict in 1997 than in 1977. Although masked by the overall increase, some trends, such as the increases in intrinsic job rewards, time with children, and egalitarian gender attitudes, contributed to a decline in work-family conflict. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
8. Being "Good" or Being "Popular": Gender and Ethnic Identity Negotiations of Chinese Immigrant Adolescents (EJ822880)
Baolian Qin, Desiree
Journal of Adolescent Research, v24 n1 p37-66 2009
Descriptors: Ethnicity; Educational Objectives; Outcomes of Education; Adolescents; Immigrants; Gender Differences; Chinese Americans; Self Concept; Qualitative Research; Parent Aspiration; Longitudinal Studies; Academic Achievement; Sex Role; Goal Orientation
Abstract: In the last two decades, a corpus of research has been conducted to understand immigrant adolescent ethnic identity formation. However, few studies have examined the intersection of gender and ethnic identity. In this paper, drawing on mainly qualitative data collected on 72 Chinese immigrant adolescents, I present findings on the gendered expectations at home and school for Chinese immigrant adolescents and how they negotiated these expectations in constructing their identity. Findings suggest that while both Chinese immigrant girls and boys faced conflicting expectations at home and school, how they negotiated these differences differed. By examining issues related to gender, ethnicity, and identity, this paper also sheds light on the gendered pattern of educational outcomes of the new second generation. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
9. Minority Stress, Masculinity, and Social Norms Predicting Gay Men's Health Risk Behaviors (EJ827077)
Hamilton, Christopher J.; Mahalik, James R.
Journal of Counseling Psychology, v56 n1 p132-141 Jan 2009
Descriptors: Drinking; Norms; Homosexuality; Males; Masculinity; Stress Variables; Social Behavior; Sex Role; Smoking; Drug Use; Sexuality; Risk; Health Behavior; Correlation; Multiple Regression Analysis; Electronic Mail
Abstract: The authors examined the contributions of the minority stress model, traditional masculine gender roles, and perceived social norms in accounting for gay men's use of alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs, and risky sexual practices. Three hundred fifteen gay men recruited from listserv communities completed measures assessing internalized homophobia, stigma, antigay physical attack, masculinity, and perceptions of normative health behaviors, along with health risk behaviors of alcohol use, illicit drug use, smoking, and high-risk sexual behaviors. Pearson correlations supported several hypotheses; social norms and masculinity variables were significantly related to health risk behaviors. Four multiple regression analyses indicated that masculinity and perceptions of social norms predicted health risk behaviors. Additionally, a significant interaction was found between minority stress and perceptions of social norms. The clinical implications of the findings, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed. (Contains 1 table and 1 figure.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
10. Stories of Social Class: Self-Identified Mexican Male College Students Crack the Silence (EJ827492)
Schwartz, Jana L.; Donovan, Jody; Guido-DiBrito, Florence
Journal of College Student Development, v50 n1 p50-66 Jan-Feb 2009
Descriptors: College Students; Social Class; Mexican Americans; Males; Cultural Influences; Gender Differences; Sex Role; Hispanic Americans; Psychological Patterns; Futures (of Society); Disadvantaged; Ethnicity; Epistemology
Abstract: This study explores the meaning of social class in the lives of five self-identified Mexican male college students. Participants shared the significant influence social class has on their college experience. Intersections of social class and students' Mexican identity are illuminated throughout the findings. Themes include: social class rules and symbols, the strong influence of cultural and familial messages, the role of gender and class in the Latino culture, and hope and optimism for their family's future. Implications for creating affirming environments for Latino students and those from families with socioeconomic disadvantage are highlighted. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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