ISSN:1052-5378

Compiled By:
Karl R. Schneider
Reference and User Services Branch
National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture
Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351

Compiled For:
The Alternative Farming Systems Information Center, Information Centers Branch
National Agricultural Library
10301 Baltimore Ave., Room 132
Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351

National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:

Schneider, Karl, 1946-

Computers and information technologies in agricultural production and management: Part I.

(Quick bibliography series ; 97-09)
1. Agriculture--Computer programs--Bibliography. 2. Agriculture-- Automation-- Bibliography. 3. Agriculture--Data processing-- Bibliography. 4. Precision farming-- Bibliography. 5. Robotics-- Bibliography. 6. Tissue culture--Bibliography. 7. Plant micropropagation--Bibliography. 8. Forest management-- Bibliography. 9. Soil management--Bibliography. 10. Natural resources--Management--Bibliography. 11. Animals--Diseases--Bibliography. 12. Plant diseases--Bibliography. 13. Animal breeding--Bibliography. 14. Plant breeding--Bibliography. 15. Animal genetics--Bibliography. 16. Plant genetics--Bibliography.
aZ5071.N3 no.97-09

Compiler's Notes

A great number of subject records were retrieved in searches for this update, because of the long time-span covered. To accommodate print document size limits, the 1997 update has two Parts with the same title. Part I, QB 97-09, contains records for items added to AGRICOLA from June 1991 through December 1993. Part II, QB 97-10, includes AGRICOLA records added from January 1994 through June 1997.

The extensive search utilized to locate all relevant technology applications records retrieved many items not suitable for this publication. Several hundred inappropriate records were removed to leave only those focused on practical use of the various technologies in production related areas. Broad classes of items omitted include records treating laboratory applications of sensors and other information technologies, broad scale water-resource management, food products and forest products industries' technology applications, biotechnology and biochemistry reports, and documents produced by the "Conservation Technology Information Center," covering BMP's (Best Management Practices) not directly employing specific information technology resources.

Included publications cover subjects ranging from precision farming to robotics to automated tissue culture and micro- propagation operations. Plant and animal disease management, forest, soil and natural resources management (including controlled burning and forest fires) are among subjects covered by records cited here. Various types of sensors, ranging from ion-selective electrodes to ultrasound to various satellite based systems are used in works listed. Several items treating computer use in plant and animal breeding and applied genetics and embryo transfer are included. The tendency to err toward inclusion of many documents describing research applications of production related technologies is admitted. The author was hoping to provide awareness for the reader of options and possibilities at hand. Computerized training systems in production and management are also present in this list, to show the availability of such management training tools. The included Search Strategy gives the details of terms and concepts utilized in the original search.

Your comments and suggestions are welcome, to aid in improving and refining any updates or supplements to this publication. Send comments to me, Karl Schneider. Mail to: Reference Section, Room 100, NAL-ARS-USDA, 10301 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705. Electronic mail may be addressed to: kschneid@nal.usda.gov.

Thank you for your time and interest!

Go to: Author Index | Subject Index | Top of Document
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Alternative Farming Systems Information Center (AFSIC)

This publication is available in hardcopy, or electronically on computer diskette, or via AFSIC's Internet Web Site: http://afsic.nal.usda.gov. Please send comments and corrections regarding this publication to the author. Send requests for additional copies to:

Go to: Author Index | Subject Index | Top of Document
Citation no.: 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490, 500, 510, 520, 530, 540, 550

Computers and Information Technologies in Agricultural Production and Management, Part I.

2.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
Accurate binary representation of singulated geranium-cutting images.
Wallace, L.; Simonton, W. Comput-Electron-Agric v.6(4): p.319-332. (1992 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: geranium; image-processors; mechanical-harvesting; robots; threshold-models

3.
NAL Call No.: 49-J82
Adjusting weight for body condition score in Angus cows.
Northcutt, S. L.; Wilson, D. E.; Willham, R. L. J-Anim-Sci v.70(5): p.1342-1345. (1992 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: beef-cows; body-weight; body-condition; height; age

Abstract: Weight, height, and body condition score data supplied by the American Angus Association were used to determine the effect of body condition score on cow weight and to compute condition score adjustment factors. Single records on 11,301 cows for weight and 7,769 cows for height were collected at or near weaning, at which time a subjective condition score (9- point scale) was taken. Limited information on extreme scores 1 and 9 allowed only scores 2 through 8 to be included in the analysis. Cows were grouped into age classes corresponding to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 to 10, and 11+ yr of age. The mathematical model for a weight record included effects of fixed herd, year- month the record was collected, cow age, body condition score, and a random residual error term. The model for height excluded the condition score effect. Effects of herd, year-month, and cow age were highly significant (P < .0001) for weight and height. Body condition score was a significant source of variation in weight (P < .0001) and accounted for 16% of the total variation. Adjustment factors for weight (kilograms) by condition score were +116(score 2), +91(score 3), +69(score 4), +39(score 5), 0(score 6), -40(score 7), and -86(score 8).

4.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1990
Agricultral integrated management systems AIMS: building better tools for making farm decisions.
Brook, R. C.; Fick, R. J.; Harmon, R. J.; Harsh, S. B. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs / Fedro S. Zazueta, editor. ; January 31- February 1, 1990, Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, FL. Gainesville, FL : Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, [1990]. p. 167- 172.
Descriptors: agriculture; decision-making; farm-management; computer-software

5.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1990
The Agricultural Integrated Management Software (AIMS) crop record database.
Harmon, R. J.; Harsh, S. B. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs / Fedro S. Zazueta, editor. ; January 31- February 1, 1990, Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, FL. Gainesville, FL : Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, [1990]. p. 383-388.
Includes references.
Descriptors: farm-management; crops; record-keeping; computer-software

6.
NAL Call No.: FU S49.S7-226
Agricultural needs for computers : available software.
Strain, J. R. Gainesville, Fla. : Food and Resource Economics Dept., Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, [1982] i, 7 leaves, "December 1982." December 1, 1982"--P. 1.
Descriptors: Agriculture-Data-processing; Farm-management-Data- processing

7.
NAL Call No.: QA76.76.E95A5
Agriculture software support and maintenance: the current problem.
Berry, J. AI-Appl v.7(2/3): p.41. (1993)
Paper presented at a Symposium of the 1992 Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, December 8, 1992, Baltimore, Maryland.
Descriptors: insect-pests; crop-production; insect-pests; computer- software; computer-programming; usa

8.
NAL Call No.: Z672.I53
Agro informatics and decision support systems in France.
Waksman, G. Quar-Bull-Int-Assoc-Agric-Inf-Spec v.37(1/2): p.112-119. (1992)
IAALD Symposium on "Advances in Information Technology," September 16-20, 1991, Beltsville, Maryland.
Descriptors: expert-systems; decision-making; agriculture; france

9.
NAL Call No.: HD1421.A47-1991
AGROSTAT-PC. [Version 1.1]. AGROSTAT PC.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1991- computer disks
Title from disk label. v. 1. User manual -- v. 2. Population -- v. 3. Land use -- v. 4. Production -- v. 5. Trade -- v. 6. Food balance sheets -- v. 7. Forest products.
Descriptors: Agriculture-Statistics-Software

10.
NAL Call No.: S612.2.N38-1990
AGWATER--irrigation management and planning expert system.
Hawkins, T.; Burt, C. M. Visions of the future proceedings of the Third National Irrigation Symposium held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International Irrigation Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza, Phoenix, Arizona. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers, c1990.. p. 64-68.
Descriptors: irrigation; computer-software; water-use-efficiency; california

11.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32P
AIMS: agricultural integrated management software electronic data collection for making farm decisions.
Brook, R. C.; Fick, R. J.; Fehr, B.; Harsh, S. B. PAP-AMER-SOC-AGRIC-ENG. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. Summer 1990. (90-3022) 9 p. ill.
Paper presented at the 1990 International Summer Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, June 24-27, Columbus, Ohio.
Descriptors: dairy-farming; data-collection; electronics; farm- management

12.
NAL Call No.: 60.18-J82
Airborne laser measurements of rangeland canopy cover and distribution.
Ritchie, J. C.; Everitt, J. H.; Escobar, D. E.; Jackson, T. J.; Davis, M. R. J-Range-Manage v.45(2): p.189-193. (1992 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: rangelands; vegetation; measurement; lasers; remote- sensing; shrubs; spatial-distribution; evapotranspiration; texas

Abstract: Studies were made at 2 rangeland areas in south Texas to measure canopy cover and distribution with an airborne laser profiler. In a comparison of laser and ground measurements of canopy cover on the same eighteen 30.5-m segments at the Yturria area, laser measurements of canopy cover ranged from 1 to 89% and were correlated significantly (r2 = 0.89) with ground measurements (1 to 88%) on the same eighteen 30.5- m segments. Comparisons of laser measurements of canopy cover for 500- and 940-m segments with an average of three 30.5-m ground measurements of canopy cover made within these segments were also significantly correlated (r2 = 0.95). Topography, vegetation height,and spatial distribution of canopy cover for 6- to 7-km flightlines were also measured with the laser profiler. Airborne laser measurements of land surface features can provide quick and accurate measurements of canopy cover and distribution for large areas of rangeland. Accurate and timely data on the amount and distribution of plant cover are valuable for understanding vegetation characteristics, improving estimates of infiltration, erosion, and evapotranspiration for rangeland areas, and making decisions for managing rangeland vegetation.

13.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32T
Algorithms for microcomputer control of the environment of a production broiler house.
Allison, J. M.; White, J. M.; Worley, J. W.; Kay, F. W. Trans-A-S-A-E v.34(1): p.313-320. (1991 Jan.-1991 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: poultry-housing; environmental-control; algorithms; computer-software; mathematical-models; relative-humidity; temperature

Abstract: A microcomputer-based system to control the environment of a commercial broiler house was developed and tested. The system was installed in an existing, totally enclosed, commercial production broiler house. Environmental control was provided by a microcomputer for the 51 day grow- out period. This article describes the algorithms used to control the environment. The environmental conditions produced are compared to those in an adjacent house with conventional controls.

14.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1988
Alternative management options (AMO) software.
Gibson, J. M.; Hackett, E. I.; Burkhardt, J. W.; Champney, W. O.; Garrett, J. R. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S Zazueta, AB Del Bottcher, eds p.83-88. (of Florida, [1988?].)
Conference held February 10-11, 1988 at the Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: animal-husbandry; planning; production-costs; computer- techniques

15.
NAL Call No.: Q184.R4
Analysis of the POLDER (POLarization and Directionality of Earth's Reflectances) airborne instrument observations over land surfaces.
Deuze, J. L.; Breon, F. M.; Deschamps, P. Y.; Devaux, C.; Herman, M.; Podaire, A.; Roujean, J. L. Remote-Sensing-Environ v.45(2): p.137-154. (1993 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: field-crops; orchards; land; surfaces; reflectance; optical-instruments; measurement; aircraft; france

16.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32T
Analyzing conjuctive use reservoir performance for soybean irrigation. II. Model application.
Edwards, D. R.; Fryar, E. O.; Ferguson, J. A. Trans-A-S-A-E v.35(1): p.137-142. (1992 Jan.-1992 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: glycine-max; cost-benefit-analysis; groundwater; irrigation; reservoirs; simulation-models; water-management; arkansas

Abstract: A previous article described the Arkansas Offstream Reservoir Analysis (ARORA) model, which simulates operational characteristics of farm reservoirs used with groundwater to provide irrigation to soybean. Since the model is also structured to compute costs and incomes for specified situations, it may be used as a tool in comparing the relative benefits of various reservoir capacities and thus in identifying the best capacity for a particular scenario. This article describes how ARORA was applied to assess performance of reservoirs in situations with differing groundwater status, soil, and economic parameters. An analysis of the results shows that each of these variables can influence the performance of reservoirs as assessed on the basis of present worth of net incomes. The results also indicate that based on thesame criterion, reservoirs are currently feasible under certain conditions, particularly when groundwater availability is limited.

17.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32T
Analyzing conjunctive use reservoir performance for soybean irrigation. I. Development of a simulation model.
Edwards, D. R.; Ferguson, J. A.; Fryar, E. O. Trans-A-S-A-E v.35(1): p.129-135. (1992 Jan.-1992 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: glycine-max; groundwater; irrigation; reservoirs; simulation-models; water-management; computer-software; arkansas; fortran

Abstract: A mathematical model was developed to simulate the operational characteristics of farm reservoirs used with groundwater for irrigation of soybean in Arkansas. The model, referred to as the Arkansas Offstream Reservoir Analysis (ARORA) model, simulates reservoir and soil water balances, aquifer response to pumping, and soybean yield. Computations of incomes and expenses are performed to enable objective assessment of reservoir performance under various circumstances. The model also contains an optimization subroutine which can help the user identify the reservoir capacity which is best, on the basis of present worth of simulated net incomes, under the specified conditions.

18.
NAL Call No.: 99.9-F7662J
Analyzing timber harvesting systems using STALs-3.
Koger, J. For-Prod-J v.42(4): p.25-30. (1992 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: timbers; harvesting; computer-software; computer- simulation; skidding,-trucking,-and-landing-simulation-stals

Abstract: STALS-3 is a simplified computerized timber harvesting program that utilizes production by function, queuing theory, and simulation techniques to analyze skidding, loading, and trucking interactions at a "hot" landing. Production by function estimates hourly production rates, unit costs of production, and equipment hourly cost ratios for skidding, loading, and trucking. Queuing theory is used to determine the probability of a truck being available for loading, hourly production, and the optimum number of trucks. The simulation portion of the model determines equipment delays and harvesting costs. The program is written in Microsoft QuickBASIC and is designed to run on personal computers (IBM and compatible).

19.
NAL Call No.: 410.9-P94
Anesthetic requirement of isoflurane is reduced in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats.
Cole, D. J.; Marcantonio, S.; Drummond, J. C. Lab-Anim-Sci v.40(5): p.506-509. (1990 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: rats; anesthetics; anesthesia; hypertension

Abstract: The isoflurane requirement to keep 50% of rats (Rattus norvegicus) unresponsive to noxious stimuli (MAC) was determined in age matched Sprague-Dawley (SD, n = 8), Spontaneously Hypertensive (SHR, n = 8) and Wistar- Kyoto (WKY, n = 8) strains. Following induction and orotracheal intubation, each rat received isoflurane (1.65% end-tidal) for 120 minutes. Physiologic parameters were similar except for expected differences in mean arterial pressure (148 +/- 13mmHg-SHR group, 101 +/- 10mmHg-SD group and 94 +/- 12mmHg- WKY group [mean +/- standard deviation]). Anesthetic equilibration was verified by infrared analysis of end-tidal gases. MAC was then determined in each rat by the tail clamp method and a group MAC calculated.

20.
NAL Call No.: 280.8-J822
An animated instructional module for teaching production economics with 3-D graphics.
Debertin, D. L. Am-J-Agric-Econ v.75(2): p.485-491. (1993 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: production-economics; microcomputers; teaching-methods; graphic-arts; computer-software

Abstract: An animated instructional module is described for illustrating key production economics concepts. The module uses three- dimensional production surface, and two-dimensional contour maps. Two graphics programs are used together to construct diagrams that two dimensional neither program could produce alone. Module sequences are based on the "classical" two- factor, one-output model, using a production function consistent with textbook diagrams. Although primarily for upper-division undergraduate or beginning graduate production economics courses, the instructional module provides a useful instructional supplement for advanced students. A free disk copy of the module for use on a personal computer is available from the author.

21.
NAL Call No.: GE5.A66-1993
Application of advanced information technologies : effective management of natural resources : proceedings of the 18-19 June 1993 Conference, Spokane, Washington.
Heatwole, C. D.; American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Information and Technologies Division. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers, c1993. xi, 500 p. : ill., maps, Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Natural-resources-Management-Congresses; Information- technology-Congresses

22.
NAL Call No.: 280.8-J822
Application of computer graphics to undergraduate instruction in agricultural economics.
Debertin, D. L.; Jones, L. D. Am-J-Agric-Econ v.73(1): p.25-35. ill. (1991 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: agricultural-economics; college-curriculum; computer- assisted-instruction; computer-graphics; microcomputers; teaching-methods; innovation-adoption; evaluation; university-research; kentucky; university-of- kentucky

Abstract: This article outlines are experience in building a freshman- level course in agricultural economics employing computer graphics imaging. Lecture material is displayed with a computer connected to a large-screen projector producing high-resolution graphics. The complete course consists of approximately 1,200 computer-generated text, chart, or graphics images. An evaluation of the new method was conducted. Results indicate that most students prefer lectures that employ computer graphics to those that use a chalkboard or an overhead projector. Evidence supports the hypothesis that students perform better on exams when the innovations described in this paper are adopted.

23.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Application of computervision systems in horticulture.
Hack, G. R. Acta-Hortic (304): p.49-54. (1992 Mar.)
Paper presented at the "First International Workshop on Sensors in Horticulture", January 29-31, 1991, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands.
Descriptors: crop-production; computer-techniques; computer-hardware; computer-software

24.
NAL Call No.: 292.9-AM34
Application of crop yield functions in reservoir operation.
Dariane, A. B.; Hughes, T. C. Water-Resour-Bull v.27(4): p.649-656. (1991 July-1991 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: irrigation-water; water-reservoirs; crop-yield; evapotranspiration; water-management; mathematical-models; utah; irrigation- reservoirs

Abstract: A model is developed for real-time operation of an irrigation reservoir with the objective of maximizing the value of multiple crop yields during a growing season. The model employs monthly additive and product forms or crop yield functions for dry matter and grain crops, respectively. The resulting nonlinear optimization model uses a log transform to reduce nonlinearities in the model. An application of the proposed model is compared to a common operating rule used in simulation models. The proposed model results were better in terms of net benefits from crop yields. The model uses GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System) language. It requires an IBM-compatible microcomputer and is suitable for use by a reservoir manager.

25.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1988
Application of hand-held microcomputer for work studies in milking parlours.
Ordolff, D. W. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S Zazueta, AB Del Bottcher, eds p.133-138. (of Florida, [1988?].)
Conference held February 10-11, 1988 at the Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: microcomputers; data-collection; milking-parlors

26.
NAL Call No.: SD143.S64
Application of RM-FORPLAN in a corporate environment.
Morrow, R.; Kuhn, J. Proc-Soc-Am-For-Natl-Conv p.350-355. (1991)
Meeting held Aug 4-7, 1991, San Francisco, California.
Descriptors: forest-management; simulation-models; companies; computers; computer-software; planning; data-collection; usa

27.
NAL Call No.: HD1.A3
The application of SIMOPT2: RICE to evaluate profit and yield-risk in upland-rice production.
Alcoilja, E. C.; Ritchie, J. T. Agric-Syst v.33(4): p.315-326. (1990)
Includes references.
Descriptors: upland-rice; crop-production; crop-yield; risk; profits; computer-software; flow-charts; farmers'-attitudes; innovation-adoption; optimization- methods; philippines; simulation-dualcriteria-optimization- technique-for-upland-rice-production-computer-software

28.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32P
Application of the creams hydrology component for runoff predication in Quebec.
Enright, P.; Madramootoo, C. A. PAP-AMER-SOC-AGRIC-ENG. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. Winter 1990. (90-2514) 18 p.
Paper presented at the "1990 International Winter Meeting," December 18-21, 1990, Chicago, Illinois.
Descriptors: runoff; surface-water; hydrology; computer-software; quebec; chemicals,-runoff-and-erosion-from-agricultural-management

29.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C68-1992
Application of thematic mapping in an agricultural information management program.
Meij, H. K.; Lanyon, L. E.; McNall, A. D. Computers in agricultural extension programs proceedings of the 4th international conference, 28-31 January 1992, Orlando, Florida / sponspored by the Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers, c1992.. p. 7-12.
Includes references.
Descriptors: farm-management; thematic-mapper; computer-software; pennsylvania

30.
NAL Call No.: 49-J82
Application of ultrasound for feeding and finishing animals: a review.
Houghton, P. L.; Turlington, L. M. J-Anim-Sci v.70(3): p.930-941. (1992 Mar.)
Literature review.
Descriptors: pigs; cattle; sheep; ultrasound; ultrasonic-fat-meters; carcass-composition; fat-thickness; accuracy; backfat; longissimus-dorsi; age- differences; literature-reviews

Abstract: The ability to evaluate carcass traits in live animals is of value to research, educational, and industry personnel. Ultrasonic technology has been tested since the early 1950s and continues to be under investigation as a means of accomplishing this task. The accuracy of ultrasound in predicting carcass traits is variable and is dependent on species, ultrasonic instrumentation, and(or) the skill of the technician. Based on this review, the ranges of correlation coefficients (r) for carcass traits as predicted by ultrasound to the respective carcass measurement are as follows: swine (fat .20 to .94; longissimus muscle .27 to .93), sheep (fat .42 to .95; longissimus muscle .36 to .79) and beef (fat .45 to .96; longissimus muscle .20 to .94; marbling .20 to .9 1). Although these correlation coefficients give an indication of the accuracy of ultrasound, it should be noted that these statistics do not reflect population variation or bias. Applications of ultrasound in swine finishing programs include the successful prediction of market weight carcass characteristics and the prediction of percentage of lean cuts before slaughter. In contrast, the application of ultrasound in lamb finishing programs has met with limited success. Most data indicate that weight and(or) visual estimations of fat are at least as accurate as ultrasound predictions of carcass composition. In beef finishing programs, ultrasound has, at times, been used successfully to predict fat and muscle traits before slaughter and beef carcass chemical composition. The ability to predict marbling, however, remains unclear and requires further investigation. Ultrasound has also been used in beef finishing programs to predict days on feed to a constant body compositional end point. When summarized, these data indicate that a single ultrasonic measurement of fat can be helpful in predicting days on feed in yearling cattle. When used alone, however, a single backfat measurement does not provide adequate accuracy. Therefore, factors such as age, sex, breed type, weight, and hip height are needed to help predict days on feed more accurate.

31.
NAL Call No.: QA76.76.E95A5
Approaches and tools to ease the maintenance of knowledge-based systems.
Foster, M. A. AI-Appl v.7(2/3): p.49-53. (1993)
Paper presented at a Symposium of the 1992 Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, December 8, 1992, Baltimore, Maryland.
Descriptors: insect-pests; crop-production; computer-software; knowledge; systems; machinery; learning; techniques; usa

32.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1988
AQUADEC: Aquacultural decision support software package and an application.
Adams, C. M.; Zimet, D. J. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S Zazueta p.560-565. (of Florida, [1988?].)
Meeting held February 10-11, 1988 at Lake Buenavista, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: computer-software; aquaculture

33.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
An artificial-intelligence-based software for designing crop management plans.
Rellier, J. P.; Chedru, S. Comput-Electron-Agric v.6(4): p.273-294. (1992 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: winter-wheat; crop-management; computer-software; farm- planning; knowledge; flow-charts

34.
NAL Call No.: 421-J822
Assessing needs for computer pest management software in Nebraska agriculture.
Wright, R. J. J-Econ-Entomol v.85(4): p.1218-1221. (1992 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: insect-control; pest-management; plant-pests; surveys; computer-software; nebraska

Abstract: A mail survey was conducted to assess current computer hardware use and perceived needs of potential users for software related to crop pest management in Nebraska. Surveys were sent to University of Nebraska-Lincoln agricultural extension agents, agribusiness personnel (including independent crop consultants), and crop producers identified by extension agents as computer users. There were no differences between the groups in several aspects of computer hardware use (percentage computer use, percentage IBM-compatible computer, amount of RAM memory, percentage with hard drive, hard drive size, or monitor graphics capability). Responses were similar among the three groups in several areas that are important to crop pest management (pest identification, pest biology, treatment decision making, control options, and pesticide selection), and a majority of each group expressed the need for additional sources of such information about insects, diseases, and weeds. However, agents mentioned vertebrate pest management information as a need more often than the other two groups. Also, majorities of each group expressed an interest in using computer software, if available, to obtain information in these areas. Appropriate software to address these needs should find an audience among all three groups.

35.
NAL Call No.: S481.R4
Assessing pest impact on crop yields at the micro and macro- levels.
Teng, P. S. Res-Ext-Ser-Coll-Trop-Agric-Hum-Resour-Univ-Hawaii-Coop-Ext- Serv (134): p.87-90. (1991 Dec.)
Proceedings of the 1989 ADAP Crop Protection Conference, held May 18-19, 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii.
Descriptors: pest-management; economic-impact; statistical-analysis; computer-software; crop-yield; crop-losses; hawaii

36.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
An autocalibrating model for simulating and measuring net canopy photosynthesis using a standard greenhouse climate computer.
Ehler, N. Comput-Electron-Agric v.6(1): p.1-20. (1991 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dendranthema; computer-analysis; canopy; photosynthesis; carbon-dioxide; measurement; algorithms; mathematical-models; calibration; calculation; environmental-control; microclimate; computers; greenhouses; simulation-models; climatic-factors; computer-software; mass-balance-models; dendranthema-grandiflora

37.
NAL Call No.: HD62.5.A98-1991
Automate your business plan. Version 4.0. Anatomy of a business plan.
Koelsch, J.; Pinson, L.; Jinnett, J.; Analytical Software Partners. Tustin, CA : Analytical Software Partners : Out of Your Mind... and into the Marketplace, c1991. 2 computer disks user's manual.
Title from disk label.
Descriptors: New-business-enterprises-Planning-Software; Small- business-Planning-Software; Home-based-businesses-Planning-Software

Abstract: Productivity software for small business.

38.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-P972
Automated construction data management system.
McCullouch, B. Eng-Ext-Ser-Purdue-Univ (162): p.54-57. (1991)
Proceedings of the 77th Annual Road School, March 12-14, 1991, West Lafayette, Indiana.
Descriptors: road-construction; computer-software; computer-hardware; computer-analysis; management; cost-benefit-analysis; research-projects

39.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Automated inspection of plants.
Hirvonen, J.; Hamalainen, J.; Murmann, K. Acta-Hortic (304): p.137-142. (1992 Mar.)
Paper presented at the "First International Workshop on Sensors in Horticulture", January 29-31, 1991, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands.
Descriptors: crop-production; greenhouse-culture; automatic-control; computer-techniques; computer-hardware; computer-vision

40.
NAL Call No.: SB121.I57-1992
Automated micropropagation and the application of a laser beam for cutting.
Holdgate, D. P.; Zandvoort, E. A. Transplant production systems proceedings of the International Symposium on Transplant Production Systems, Yokokama, Japan, 21-26 July 1992 / edited by K Kurata and T Kozai. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992.. p. 297-311.
Includes references.
Descriptors: micropropagation; automation; computer-techniques; robots

41.
NAL Call No.: S671.A33
An automated wool harvesting system.
McInnes, M. B. Agric-Eng-Aust v.19(2): p.21-25. (1990)
Descriptors: sheep; shearing; automation; robots; australia

42.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32T
Automatic geranium stock processing in a robotic workcell.
Simonton, W. Trans-A-S-A-E v.33(6): p.2075-2080. ill. (1990 Nov.-1990 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: geranium; cuttings; computer-techniques; mechanization; propagation; robots

Abstract: A robotic workcell has been developed for processing geranium cuttings used for vegetative propagation. Six unit operations including retrieving the cuttings from a conveyor, trimming to size, removing select leaves,grading, and inserting the finished product into a plug tray cell were incorporated into the workcell configuration. Machine vision was used to characterize the branching structure of each individual cutting and determine appropriate processing and grading strategies. Fixtures placed in the workcell assisted in the processing while the robotic arm handled the cutting and yielded an average cycle time of 6.5 s. Evaluation of the workcell on two varieties demonstrated good overall performance and results corresponded favorably to cuttings manually processed.

43.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32T
Automatic plant feature identification on geranium cuttings using machine vision.
Simonton, W.; Pease, J. Trans-A-S-A-E v.33(6): p.2067-2073. ill. (1990 Nov.-1990 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: geranium; cuttings; grading; identification; mechanization; propagation; robots

Abstract: A machine vision technique was developed which analyzes a two-dimensional binary image of a singulated geranium cutting and identifies the branching stem structure, including main stem and petioles. The analysis technique was based on creation of a directed graph data structure which contains information required to rapidly perform plant part identification. Size, shape, and location data were utilized to classify objects as particular plant features. Evaluation of the image analysis technique indicated good characterization of the binary structure of geranium cuttings in a timely manner as required for use in a robotic workcell. Identification of the main stem, petioles, growth tip, and geometry of the interconnections of the plant parts was successfully performed. Overlapping sections (e.g., petiole crossings) and occlusions (e.g., leaves over stem segments) contributed to identification errors.

44.
NAL Call No.: TP248.25.A96T68-1990
Automation of plant tissue culture process.
Miwa, Y. Automation in biotechnology a collection of contributions presented at the Fourth Toyota Conference, Aichi, Japan, 21-24 October 1990 / edited by Isao Karube. Amsterdam : Elsevier c1991.. p. 217-233.
Includes references.
Descriptors: plants; tissue-culture; micropropagation; transplanting; seedlings; lilium; bulbs; automation; robots

Abstract: The present authors have developed a position detector and a growth state discriminator for a seedling during the previously conducted fundamental research on an automatizing plant tissue culture process. Furthermore, we have developed a micro robot for transplanting young seedling into culture medium. In this study, we will discuss a fully automated lily's bulb tissue culturing system that was developed as a trial of automation of biotechnology performed in a flower production. This system was built with integrating subsystems which are developed to perform automatically in each process of supplying a bulb, cutting its root, separating the bulbscales, transplanting bulbscales one by one, recognizing the shape of each bulbscale, and planting the bulbscale into culture medium. Individual subsystem was designed to cope with irregularity in size and shape of a bulb or bulbscale. At present, neither a virus contamination nor a detrimental effect to a genetic trait by the mechanical stressing due to the system was recognized in a trial test. It is also found that a completion of the present system was within one minute. It is, therefore, thought that the system can be used in a practical stage. Meanwhile, the culture robot of a miniature capsule enclosed structure for the home and/or personal purposes was made for a trial performance, extending our techniques towards a developing the aforementioned system. Furthermore, a protoplast positioning system using a dielectrophoresis effect in medium chamber having electrodes will be described. This system was designed to be applicable to a cell fusion and gene injection.

45.
NAL Call No.: TC401.W27
Automation of the design of agricultural water management projects.
Feyen, J.; Liu, F. Water-Resour-Manag v.5(2): p.95-119. (1991)
Includes references.
Descriptors: drainage-systems; irrigation-systems; design; automation; computer-software

46.
NAL Call No.: HD1401.C2
B.E.A.R. Plus: a computerized farm management and extension tool for financial planning and risk analysis.
Brown, J.; Turvey, C. G.; Lowry, C. Can-Farm-Econ v.23(1): p.35-40. (1991)
Includes references.
Descriptors: farm-management; computer-software; financial-planning; risk; projections; innovation-adoption; flow-charts; microcomputers; extension; budgeting-enterprises-and-analyzing-risk-plus-financial-statements

47.
NAL Call No.: 44.8-J822
Bases and experiences of expressing the protein content of milk-- France.
Grappin, R. J-Dairy-Sci v.75(11): p.3221-3227. (1992 Nov.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: milk; milk-protein-percentage; protein-content; nonprotein-nitrogen; milk-protein; milk-payments; analytical-methods; urea; nitrogen- content; accuracy; seasonal-fluctuations; crude-protein; france

Abstract: In the early 1960s, France started to analyze routinely protein for the DHIA program using the amido black method, and, since 1969, milk producers have been paid on the basis of fat and protein. Progressively, infrared analyzers have replaced the dye binding method. Because of the rather large variability of NPN content and its role on the accuracy of both amido black and infrared methods, analysis in 1974 was changed from CP to true protein for both economical (NPN has little value) and analytical reasons (better accuracy and centralized calibration). Examples are given to illustrate the seasonal and between-herd variability of the proportion of NPN in total N for which urea is the most important and variable NPN compound. Since 1976, the fat:protein price ratio of additional grams to the basic price changed from 74:26 to 34:66. Several studies have shown that the calibration of infrared instruments in true protein instead of CP provides better accuracy in protein testing with a high correlation (r = -.80) between errors and the percentage of NPN in total N. However, a recent study has shown than urea interferes significantly with the infrared signal. Because protein now has a much higher value than fat, a better definition of protein is extremely important for the dairy industry. After 15 yr of experience, both dairy industry and farmers are quite satisfied, however, using a different reference, yet the problem of the comparison of protein results between France and the other countries remains, especially for breeding programs.

48.
NAL Call No.: SF601.B6
Beef cattle economics decision-aid software.
McGrann, J. M.; Rupp, G. P. Agri-Practice v.13(9): p.15-19, 22. (1992 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: beef-cattle; decision-making; computer-software; farm- management; beef-production; farm-budgeting; marketing; texas

49.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1988
BEEFpro: an integrated Cow/Calf program for microcomputers.
Simms, D. D. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S Zazueta, AB Del Bottcher, eds p.95- 100. (of Florida, [1988?].)
Conference held February 10-11, 1988 at the Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: animal-husbandry; computer-software; computer-techniques; kansas

50.
NAL Call No.: 49-J82
Bioeconomic evaluation of embryo transfer in beef production systems. I. Description of a biological model for steer production.
Ruvuna, F.; Taylor, J. F.; Walter, J. P.; Turner, J. W.; Thallman, R. M. J- Anim-Sci v.70(4): p.1077-1083. (1992 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: beef-cattle; embryo-transfer; steers; genotypes; equations; growth-rate; dystocia; computer-software; simulation-models

Abstract: Concepts used to derive a deterministic model for evaluating embryo transfer for commercial steer production taking into consideration genetic merit for growth and mature size, herd feed supply, and recipient maternal environment are discussed. Genetic potential of an embryo is used to derive optimal growth rates that can be sustained by available herd feed per animal per day. Equations are provided for various measures of performance as functions of the feed, genotype of the embryo, and recipient maternal contribution. To assess the value of a particular line of embryos, interactions between genotype and nutrient environment are quantified, so that the benefits of embryos of high genetic merit are evaluated objectively. Product quality, and weight are predicted from the model to provide a framework that will allow commercial beef producers to determine marketing strategies likely to result in optimal return.

51.
NAL Call No.: 4-AM34P
Botanical composition of tropical grass-legume pastures estimated with near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.
Pitman, W. D.; Piacitelli, C. K.; Aiken, G. E.; Barton, F. E. I. Agron- J v.83(1): p.103-107. (1991 Jan.-1991 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: paspalum-notatum; aeschynomene-americana; macroptilium- lathyroides; mixed-pastures; botanical-composition; measurement; sampling; infrared-spectroscopy; equations; estimation; computer-software; cal; best; reg70

Abstract: Quantifying pasture composition requires either laborious or subjective approaches. Evaluations of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to determine botanical composition of mixed pasture swards have shown potential. In this study, characterization of botanical composition of pastures comprised primarily of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge), aeschynomene (Aeschymomene americana L.) and phasey bean [Macroptilium lathyriodes (L.) Urb.] by NIRS was evaluated. Three approaches (hand-composited samples, single- component samples, and actual pasture samples) were compared for equation development. Theoretical potential of NIRS is illustrated by high coefficients of determination (0.98- 0.99) and low standard errors (1.4-2.9%) of equations for the above species from hand-composited samples. Equations developed from the three approaches were evaluated for estimation of the botanical composition of a separate group of pasture samples. Equations developed from hand- composited samples from a single source of each component were not acceptable for estimating composition of pasture samples despite the excellent calibration statistics. Single-component samples approached adequate results only for composite total grass and total legume groups, even though the pasture sample composition appeared to be well represented in the calibration sample set. Equations from pasture samples provided useful estimates of sample means, although some individual samples were poorly estimated. Thus, botanical composition of these pastures may be estimated using equations from actual pasture samples, and estimates of total grass and total legume may be obtained from use of single-component samples, which provides further labor reductions. A comparison of original software and updated software packages CAL, BEST, REG70, and partial least squares principal component regression showed none to be consistently superior.

52.
NAL Call No.: S79.S73
Budget generator user's manual.
Cameron, D. M.; Parvin, D. W. Jr. Staff-Pap-Ser-Miss-State-Univ-Dep-Agric- Econ-Miss-Agric-For-Exp-Stn. Mississippi State, Miss. : The Station. [1979?]. (43) 42 p.
Descriptors: farm-budgeting; computer-software; farm-management; mississippi

53.
NAL Call No.: 1.962-C5T71
Calculating filled and empty cells based on number of seeds sown per call: a microcomputer application.
Wenny, D. L. Tree-plant-notes. Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Spring 1993. v. 44 (2) p. 49-52.
Includes references.
Descriptors: forest-nurseries; seeds; sowing; computer-software; microcomputers

54.
NAL Call No.: 100-Or3M-no.874
CALFWNTR. CALFWNTR computer software.
Riggs, W. W.; Griffith, D.; Oregon State University. Extension Service. Corvallis, Or. : Oregon State University Extension Service, [1991] 11 p. : ill., "CALFWNTR is a microcompuiter [sic] program designed to help producers compare the economics of alternative production and marketing strategies ..."
Descriptors: Calves-Computer-programs; Calves-Marketing-Computer- programs

55.
NAL Call No.: QP33.J681
Calorimetric investigations of the different castes of honey bees, Apis mellifera carnica.
Fahrenholz, L.; Lamprecht, I.; Schricker, B. J-Comp-Physiol-B-Biochem-Syst- Environ-Physiol v.162(2): p.119-130. (1992)
Includes references.
Descriptors: apis-mellifera-carnica; caste; energy-metabolism; heat- production; age-differences; environmental-temperature; calorimetry

Abstract: Honey bees of different age and castes were investigated calorimetrically at 20, 25 and 30 degrees C. Experiments were completed by endoscopic observation of the insects in the visible and the near infrared range and by acoustical monitoring and subsequent frequency analysis of various locomotor activities. Direct calorimetric results of this paper are compared with data of indirect calorimetry from the literature using a respiratory quotient of 1.00 and 21.13 J consumed. Agreements between both methods are generally good. The results show that weight-specific heat production rates increase with age of worker bees by a factor of 5.6 at 30 degrees C, 3.7 at 25 degrees C and 40.0 at 20 degrees C. In groups of foragers the heat production decreases with growing group size to around 6% of the value for an isolated bee. The presence of a fertile queen or of brood reduces the heat output of a small worker group significantly. Adult drones exhibit a much higher metabolic rate (up to 19.7-fold at 20 degrees C) than juveniles with strong fluctuations in the power-time curves. Fertile queens show a less pronounced heat production rate than virgin queens (54% at 30 degrees C, 87% at 25 degrees C and 77% at 20 degrees C). Calorimetric unrest is much higher for young than for adult queens. Heat production is very low in both uncapped and capped brood and less than 30% of that of a newly emerged worker. In most cases temperature showed a significant influence on the metabolic level, although its sign was not homogeneous between the castes or even within them. Locomotor activities are easily recorded by the acoustic frequency spectrum (0-7.5 khz) and in good agreement with endoscopic observations and calorimetric traces.

56.
NAL Call No.: Q184.R4
Candidate high spectral resolution infrared indices for crop cover.
Malthus, T. J.; Andrieu, B.; Danson, F. M.; Jaggard, K. W.; Steven, M. D. Remote-sens-environ v.46(2): p.204-212. (1993 Nov.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: beta-vulgaris; sugarbeet; crops; canopy; sowing-date; plant-density; beet-yellows-closterovirus; stand-characteristics; color; reflectance; soil; surfaces; spectral-data; radiometers; landsat; thematic- mapper; uk; soil-brightness

57.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
The cash system of on-farm decision tools for horticultural enterprises.
Hall, F. R.; Lemon, J. R. Acta-Hortic (276): p.323-346. (1990 July)
Paper presented at the "Second International Symposium on Computer Modelling in Fruit Research and Orchard Management," September 5- 8, 1989, Logan, Utah.
Descriptors: farm-management; horticulture; support-systems; computer- software; computer-advisory-service-for-horticulture

Abstract: The Computer Advisory Service for Horticulture (CASH) project was initiated in 1985 at The Ohio State University upon receipt of a grant from the Kellogg Foundation. The DSS component of the CASH project seeks to identify and target generic decision making tasks inherent in farm and pest management which apply to various agricultural commodities. Such tasks often can be implemented via sophisticated application of spread-sheet software. The CASH/DSS software attempts to organize and present the decision making process per generic task in a manner that facilitates grower implementation and analysis of the end result. Simply stated, the CASH system of decision tools is designed to present an alternative view of how information may be better utilized at the farm level. Specifically, the initial tools allow an identification of the key factors which influence net economic return and the extent to which they influence the "bottom line." Initial thrusts are for simple but robust management tools, "what if" programs, which as grower expertise grows, new ideas and expanded "what if" programs are incorporated. An important point is that growers already have more information available to them than they are currently utilizing for crop management decisions. The greatest potential for helping growers improve decision making appears to be through payoff matrix and decision tree concepts. Growers can be taught to utilize risk management concepts for decision making in uncertain environments. This will require (1) identification of key factors influencing net return, (2) learning how to manipulate return, and (3) learning how to assess the "objective" probability of key variables of insects and disease and their impact on cash return. The array of CASH DSS tools now available provides a beginning for accomplishing these decision tasks. This paper provides an overview of the DSS tools produced by the CASH project.

58.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1988
Cashblu: cost and return analysis for blueberries.
Mizelle, W. O. Jr.; Westberry, G. O.; Krewer, G. W.; Stanaland, R. D. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S Zazueta, AB Del Bottcher, eds p.384-387. (of Florida, [1988?].)
Conference held February 10-11, 1988 at the Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: computer-software; cost-analysis; blueberries; georgia

59.
NAL Call No.: SB387.R4F67-1990
Changes in infrared use for fire management.
Warren, J. R. Protecting natural resources with remote sensing the Third Forest Service Remote Sensing Applications Conference held at the University of Arizona and the Doubletree Inn, Tucson, Arizona, April 9-13, 1990. Bethesda, Md. : American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, c1990.. p. 259- 274.
Includes references.
Descriptors: fire-detection; fire-control; infrared-photography

60.
NAL Call No.: SF207.S68
CHAPS summary for South Dakota, 1990.
Boggs, D. L. S-D-Beef-Rep-Anim-Range-Sci-Dep-Agric-Exp-Stn-Coop-Ext-Serv-S- D-State-Univ (91-17): p.68-70. (1991 Sept.)
Descriptors: beef-cows; herds; performance-appraisals; computer- software; south-dakota; cow-herd-appraisal-of-performance-software

61.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32P
Characterizing corn growth and development using computer vision.
Tarbell, K.; Reid, J. F. PAP-AMER-SOC-AGRIC-ENG (89-7509): p.1-20. (1989 Winter)
Paper presented at the 1989 International Winter Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, December 12-15, 1989, New Orleans.
Descriptors: zea-mays; growth; computer-analysis

62.
NAL Call No.: aSD11.A48
Classification and prediction of successional plant communities using a pathway model.
Keane, R. E. Gen-Tech-Rep-INT-U-S-Dep-Agric-For-Serv-Intermt-Res-Stn. Ogden, Utah : The Station. Feb. 1989. (257) p. 56-62.
Paper presented at the Symposium on "Land Classifications Based on Vegetation: Applications for Resource Management," November 17-19, 1987, Moscow, Idaho.
Descriptors: plant-succession; plant-communities; classification; computer-software; land-management; models; montana; forsum-computer-software

63.
NAL Call No.: 59.8-C33
Classification of hard red wheat by near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.
Delwiche, S. R.; Norris, K. H. Cereal-Chem v.70(1): p.29-35. (1993 Jan.-1993 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: winter-wheat; wheat; classification; infrared- spectroscopy; red-spring-wheat

Abstract: Various forms of discriminant analysis models have been developed and tested for distinguishing two classes of wheat - hard red winter and hard red spring. Near-infrared diffuse reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy was used to measure the intrinsic properties of ground samples of hard red winter and spring wheats grown during the 1987, 1988, 1989, and 1990 crop years, of which 100 samples from each of the first three years formed the calibration set for each model. Discriminant functions were developed by using the following parameters: NIR-predicted protein content (adjusted to 12% moisture), NIR- predicted hardness, NIR protein and NIR hardness, and the scores from principal component analysis (PCA) of full-range (1,100-2,498 nm) NIR spectra. Each function was tested on 1,325 samples (excluded from training of the models) from the 1987-1989 crop years and on 678 samples from the 1990 crop year, all of known class. Model performance, expressed as the percent of misclassified samples for each year and class, was poorest for the one-parameter models, which often had misclassification rates in excess of 25%. A five-factor PCA model was the most accurate, with an average misclassification rate of 5% for 1987, 1988, and 1989 samples. However, the misclassification rate of the PCA model rose to 8% for the 1990 samples, suggesting that model accuracy is reduced when samples grown during years excluded from calibration, such as from a new year's crop, are classified. Examination of the principal component factors indicates that hardness, protein level, and the interaction of water with protein and other constituents within wheat are responsible for correct NIR-based classification.

64.
NAL Call No.: SB193.F59
Clips knowledge engineering software for detecting and managing alfalfa weevils.
Rhykerd, L. M.; Engel, B. A.; Wilson, M. C.; Rhykerd, R. L.; Rhykerd, C. L. Proc-Forage-Grassl-Conf p.124-127. (1991)
Meeting held April 1-4, 1991, Columbia, Missouri.
Descriptors: medicago-sativa; hypera-postica; computer-software; decision-making; pest-management

65.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
Colour segmentation based on a light reflection model to locate citrus fruits for robotic harvesting.
Pla, F.; Juste, F.; Ferri, F.; Vicens, M. Comput-Electron-Agric v.9(1): p.53-70. (1993 Aug.)
In the special issue: Computer vision / edited by J.A. Marchant and F.E. Sistler.
Descriptors: citrus; robots; mechanical-harvesting; color; light; reflection; mathematical-models

66.
NAL Call No.: 41.8-M69
Combining your clients' herd performance and business records.
Hughes, H. Vet-Med v.87(9): p.941, 944, 948-950. (1992 Sept.)
Descriptors: beef-herds; beef-production; performance; profitability; information-systems; computer-software; records; cow-herd-appraisal-and- performance-system; integrated-resource-management-beef-cow; calf-herd-analyzer

67.
NAL Call No.: HC79.E5E5
Comments on selecting a geographic information system for environmental management.
Woodcock, C. E.; Sham, C. H.; Shaw, B. Environ-Manage v.14(3): p.307- 315. (1990 May-1990 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: national-parks; environmental-management; government- organizations; evaluation; selection-criteria; computer-software; innovation- adoption; u; s; -department-of-interior,-national-park-service

68.
NAL Call No.: 49-J82
Commercial adaptation of ultrasonography to predict pork carcass composition from live animal and carcass measurements.
Gresham, J. D.; McPeake, S. R.; Bernard, J. K.; Henderson, H. H. J-Anim- Sci v.70(3): p.631-639. (1992 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pigs; carcass-composition; carcass-weight; sex- differences; ultrasonic-fat-meters; fat-thickness; prediction; equations

Abstract: Live animal and carcass data were collected from market barrows and gilts (n = 120) slaughtered at a regional commercial slaughter facility to develop and test prediction equations to estimate carcass composition from live animal and carcass ultrasonic measurements. Data from 60 animals were used to develop these equations. Best results were obtained in predicting weight and percentage of boneless cuts (ham, loin, and shoulder) and less accuracy was obtained for predicting weight and ratio of trimmed, bone-in cuts. Independent variables analyzed for the live models were live weight, sex, ultrasonic fat at first rib, last rib, and last lumbar vertebra, and muscle depth at last rib. Independent variables for the carcass models included hot carcass weight, sex of carcass, and carcass ultrasonic measurements for fat at the first rib, last rib, last lumbar vertebra, and muscle depth at last rib. Equations were tested against an independent set of experimental animals (n = 60). Equations for predicting weight of lean cuts, boneless lean cuts, fat- standardized lean, and percentage of fat-standardized lean were most accurate from both live animal and carcass measurements with R2 values between .75 and .88. The results from this study, under commercial conditions, suggest that although live animal or carcass weight and sex were the greatest contributors to variation in carcass composition, ultrasonography can be a noninvasive means of differentiating value, especially for fat-standardized lean and weight of boneless cuts.

69.
NAL Call No.: S561.6.I8I57
Company leaves mark in software field.
Integrated-Farm-Manage-Notes. Ames, Iowa : Integrated Farm Management Demonstration Prog., Ext. Communications, IA State Univ. Winter 1990. (6) p. 4- 5.
Descriptors: farm-management; computer-software; educational-programs; iowa

70.
NAL Call No.: 44.8-J822
Comparative responses of lactating cows to total mixed rations or computerized individual concentrates feeding.
Maltz, E.; Devir, S.; Kroll, O.; Zur, B.; Spahr, S. L.; Shanks, R. D. J- Dairy-Sci v.75(6): p.1588-1603. (1992 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dairy-cows; lactation-number; cattle-feeding; individual- feeding; milk-yield; body-weight; concentrates; feed-supplements; self-feeding; computer-software; computers; feed-intake; dry-matter; costs; israel

Abstract: A trial was conducted in a commercial dairy herd in which the concentrate part of the ration was fed individually to a group of cows through computerized self-feeders. Performance results were compared with those of a group fed TMR of 65 to 67% concentrates. Rationing of individual concentrates was according to parity, milk yield, milk yield potential, BW changes, and bunk feedstuffs. Mean intake of concentrates per cow was about 1 kg/d lower in the individually supplemented cows. This was partly compensated for by a higher intake of bunk feedstuffs. Overall daily milk yield per cow was similar to those receiving a TMR in first parity cows, higher in second parity cows, and lower in third and greater parity cows. The higher performance of the second parity cows was achieved in all milk yield potential classes, and the lower yield in subsequent lactations was due to lower performance in low and high potential classes. The individually supplemented cows gained less BW than those in the TMR group. Milk yield per unit of BW was better than yield as a variable to refine individual cow supplementation strategy for allocation of concentrates. Results also suggest that the same criteria used for supplementation of concentrates can be beneficial to cows' assignments and movements among different TMR groups. Computerized dispensing of concentrates, when applied properly, can economize on consumption of concentrates when grouping and feeding different TMR are impossible.

71.
NAL Call No.: 44.8-J822
Compares: a computerized milking parlor evaluation system.
Chang, W.; Barry, M. C.; Jones, L. R.; Merrill, W. G. J-Dairy-Sci v.75(9): p.2578-2586. (1992 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: milking-parlors; work-study; microcomputers; computer- analysis; computer-software

Abstract: A microcomputer-based system, Compares (Computerized Milking Parlor Evaluation System), was developed by the authors to evaluate the efficiency of milking parlor operations. The system utilizes a hand-held microcomputer to collect on-site milking parlor operation information, which is down-loaded to an IBM-compatible microcomputer to generate an analysis and summary report. The Compares system is capable of monitoring the activities of multiple operators in a milking parlor using a single hand-held microcomputer. Reports can be generated within minutes after the information is recorded, thus providing an immediate analysis of the milking system being examined. The Compares system excludes the human error that is possible in other manual recording procedures that can occur from transferring or calculating data, thereby reducing time and effort required to collect parlor operation information and enabling extensive data collection. Thus, this system provides a convenient tool for studying milking parlor operations.

72.
NAL Call No.: A99.9-F7625U
Comparison of a degree-day computer and a recording thermograph in a forest environment.
Wickman, B. E. PNW-Res-Note-U-S-Dep-Agric-For-Serv-Pac-Northwest-For-Range- Exp-Stn. Portland, Or. : The Station. Oct 1985. (427) 6 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: phenology; plant-ecology; insect-control; temperatures; recording-instruments; computers; forests

73.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32T
Comparison of machine vision with human measurement of seed dimensions.
Churchill, D. B.; Bilsland, D. M.; Cooper, T. M. Trans-A-S-A-E v.35(1): p.61-64. ill. (1992 Jan.-1992 Feb.)
Literature review.
Descriptors: dactylis-glomerata; festuca-arundinacea; lolium-perenne; seeds; dimensions; measurement; machinery; microcomputers; vision; imagery; literature-reviews

Abstract: Length, width, and thickness of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), and perennial ryegrass seeds (Lolium perenne) were measured by a machine vision system and by four human operators using a microscope with a reticle. Statistical analysis showed that the consistency of machine vision measurements was greater than that of the human measurements and required about one-third of the time. Overall accuracy of machine vision system measurements appears to be sufficient to be the basis for selection of screen opening and indent pocket sizes used in seed conditioning operations.

74.
NAL Call No.: SD112.F67
Comparison of production thinning with waste thinning using STANDPAK.
West, G. G. FRI-Bull-For-Res-Inst-N-Z-For-Serv (151): p.156-170. (1990)
Paper presented at the "Symposium on New Approaches to Spacing and Thinning in Plantation Forestry, " held April 10-14, 1989, Rotorua, New Zealand.
Descriptors: pinus-radiata; models; computer-software; thinning; thinning-regimes

75.
NAL Call No.: 49-J82
Comparison of real-time ultrasound and other live measures to carcass measures as predictors of beef cow energy stores.
Bullock, K. D.; Bertrand, J. K.; Benyshek, L. L.; Williams, S. E.; Lust, D. G. J-Anim-Sci v.69(10): p.3908-3916. (1991 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: beef-cows; fat-thickness; plane-of-nutrition; body- weight; ultrasonic-fat-meters; body-condition; body-measurements; equations; prediction; carcass-composition; body-fat; body-protein

Abstract: Thirty-nine mature cows were divided into three condition groups on the basis of their subcutaneous fat thickness as determined by real- time ultrasound. A representative animal from each group was measured and slaughtered. The remaining cows with each group were stratified evenly into two groups with one group fed to gain weight and the other to lose weight. Several ultrasound and other live measures were taken every 4 wk and two animals per subgroup were randomly slaughtered. Carcass data were collected and one side of each carcass was boned, ground, mixed, and subsampled for fat and protein determination. Four regression equations were generated to predict percentage of fat (FAT), percentage of protein (PROT), total fat (TOTFAT), total protein (TOTPROT), total calories (CAL), CAL per live weight (CAL/WT), yield grade (YG), and marbling (MARB). The first equation used all live measures (SUB), the second equation used only objective live measures (OBJ), the third equation incorporated traditional live measures (EAS), and the fourth equation used only carcass data (CAR). Adjusted R-squares of the most appropriate equation using the SUB, OBJ, EAS, and CAR measurements were 82,.73,.82, and .82 for FAT; 82,.57,.6 1, and .66 for PROT; 89,.87,.86, and .85 for TOTFAT; .95,.95,.93, and .74 for TOTPROT; 93,.92,.91, and .90 for CAL; .83,.78,.83, and .82 for CAL/WT; .86, .86, .78, and .93 for YG; and 75,.70,.74, and .74 for MARB, respectively. It seems that condition score or ultrasound with other objective live measures is as accurate in predicting cow composition as carcass measures.

76.
NAL Call No.: 325.28-P56
Comparison of spatial variability in visible and near-infrared spectral images.
Chavez, P. S. Jr. Photogramm-Eng-Remote-Sensing v.58(7): p.957-964. (1992 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: mapping; vegetation; crops; forests; swamps; rivers; deforestation; landsat; spatial-variation; satellite-imagery; spectral-data; thematic- mapper; paraguay; kenya; france; thailand; arizona; california; satellite-positioning-and-tracking

77.
NAL Call No.: SB319.2.F6F56
Comparisons between densitometric measurements, image analysis, and photointerpretation readings of aerial color infrared photogrophs of citrus trees.
Blazquez, C. H. Proc-Annu-Meet-Fla-State-Hortic-Soc. [S.l.] : The Society. 1988 (pub. May 1989). v. 101 p. 66-69. ill.
Includes references.
Descriptors: citrus-jambhiri; crop-management; aerial-photography; color; imagery; spectral-data; stress; vigor; florida

78.
NAL Call No.: 280.8-J822
Computer adoption decisions--implications for research and extension: the case of Texas rice producers.
Jarvis, A. M. Am-J-Agric-Econ v.72(5): p.1388-1394. (1990 Dec.)
Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Agricultural Economics Association held August 5-8, 1990, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Descriptors: rice; farm-management; decision-making; microcomputers; innovation-adoption; probabilistic-models; case-studies; texas; logit-model

Abstract: This study identifies the characteristics of Texas rice producers who have adopted computers relative to nonadopters. Primary survey data obtained in the spring of 1990 was examined using logit analysis to identify how each characteristic influences the probability of computer adoption. Thirty-seven percent of the respondents use computers in their business. The results indicate that as farm size and business complexity increase so does the probability of computer adoption. Some evidence that the adoption of computer technology differs from production technology surfaced. Producers' decisions to adopt a computer are associated with the actions of their peers and family. Encouraging computer user groups and computer training courses for producers could encourage the adoption of computer technology.

79.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
A computer aid for decision-making in apple pest management.
Haley, S.; Currans, K. G.; Croft, B. A. Acta-Hortic (276): p.27-34. (1990 July)
Paper presented at the "Second International Symposium on Computer Modelling in Fruit Research and Orchard Management," September 5- 8, 1989, Logan, Utah.
Descriptors: apples; pest-management; expert-systems; north-america

Abstract: Our computer program is designed to help tree fruit pest managers make decisions on management of three major apple pests in western North America, codling moth, San Jose scale and phytophagous mites. The program operates on an IBM-compatible microcomputer and uses commercial expert system, database management and spreadsheet software. The system has three major components: DIAGNOSE, IDENTIFY and MANAGE. DIAGNOSE identifies pests from the injury they cause on buds, fruit, leaves or bark. IDENTIFY determines names of arthropod pests and their common natural enemies found on trees or fruit or in pheromone traps. MANAGE, the largest module, calculates the net benefit of a pesticide application. Submodels predict crop value, pest damage, control efficacy and control costs. Pest damage predictions are based on empirical models for codling moth and mites and on an expert estimate for scale. Efficacies of pesticides are estimated by experienced researchers. The program predicts the combined value at harvest of damage from accumulated populations of those pests selected by the user. Then a list of appropriate pesticides is presented. Next, the net benefit of an application of the user's choice of pesticide is calculated. Finally, the user may graphically compare side effects of the pesticide selected with those of alternative pesticides. Side effects include toxicities to other pests, applicator hazard, bee toxicity, toxicity to western predator mite and risk of resistance development.

80.
NAL Call No.: HC59.7.A1W6
Computer-aided management advice for loan programs run by Indonesian village women.
Nystuen, J. D.; Zinn, F. D.; Sulistyo, D.; Darmasetiawan, R. World-Dev v.19(12): p.1753-1766. (1991 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: rural-women; loans; information-systems; microcomputers; resource-management; family-planning; villages; development-projects; indonesia

81.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
Computer-aided management of plant tissue culture production.
Humphries, S.; Simonton, W.; Thai, C. N. Comput-Electron-Agric v.6(1): p.33-49. (1991 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: plant-tissues; micropropagation; industry; agricultural- production; tissue-culture; enterprises; supply-response; fluctuations; demand; agricultural-adjustment; computer-software; mathematical-models; algorithms; management; processing; harvesting; contamination; labor- intensity; space- utilization; labor-allocation; lumped-parameter-discrete-time-models

82.
NAL Call No.: SD421.37.C6-1991
Computer applications for prescribed fire and air quality management in the Pacific Northwest.
Peterson, J. L.; Ottmar, R. D. Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology, April 16-19, 1991, Missoula, Montana / sponsored by the Society of American Foresters and American Meteorological Soc ; editors, PL Andrews and DF Potts. Bethesda, Md. : Society of American Foresters, c1991.. p. 455-459.
This record corrects IND 92025717 which was entered incorrectly under call number SD143.S64.
Descriptors: prescribed-burning; emission; air-quality; computer- techniques; computer-software

83.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Computer assisted selection of locations in South-East Asia for the continous cropping of apples and peaches.
Edwards, G. R.; Sinclair, E. R.; Chapman, K. R. Acta-Hortic. Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science. Dec 1990. v. 279 p. 61- 66.
Paper presented at the "Third International Workshop on Temperate Zone Fruits in the Tropics and Subtropics," December 12-16, 1988, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Descriptors: malus; prunus-persica; crop-production; temperate-tree- fruits; computer-software; tropics; site-selection; south-east-asia

84.
NAL Call No.: SB476.G7
Computer-based tree inventories.
Jaenson, R. Grounds-maint v.28(6): p.44, 46, 70-71. (1993 June)
Descriptors: forest-inventories; computer-software; landscaping; forest-management; databases; usa

85.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
A computer model for peach orchard replacement.
Bauer, L. L.; Bishop, G. D.; Rathwell, P. J. Acta-Hortic (276): p.295- 299. (1990 July)
Paper presented at the "Second International Symposium on Computer Modelling in Fruit Research and Orchard Management," September 5- 8, 1989, Logan, Utah.
Descriptors: peaches; orchards; replacement; computer-software; computer-techniques

Abstract: A computer program is illustrated that aids in the decision of determining the economically optimum time to replace a peach orchard. The decision maker inputs expected yields, annual costs, prices, and harvest cost for the replacement orchard along with the expected current annual income for the existing orchard and a discount rate. The model uses the information for the replacement orchard to calculate the expected net income for each year and the discount rate is used to determine the net present value each year. These annual estimates are accumulated through a particular year to determine total net present value of income up to and including that year. This is done for each year in the expected life of the replacement orchard. Since these are estimates of total income, they cannot be compared to an annual income. To accomplish this, the accumulated net present value estimate for each year is amortized to determine the necessary annual income that will equal the accumulated net present value for that year. The largest amortized value is selected to represent the expected average, or annual, income from the replacement orchard. If this is larger than the income expected from the existing orchard, the decision should be to replace.

86.
NAL Call No.: 99.9-F7662J
Computer optimization of hardwood parts yield using gang-rip-first procedures.
Hoff, K. G.; Adams, E. L.; Walker, E. S. For-Prod-J v.42(3): p.57-59. (1992 Mar.)
Descriptors: hardwoods; lumber; rip-sawing; computer-software; microcomputers

Abstract: A microcomputer program, GR-1ST (gang-rip-first), is available for determining optimum gang-rip-first procedures in processing hardwood lumber. GR-1ST 1ST provides 1) parts yield information per board, 2) plots of each board plus the resulting saw cuts and parts produced; and 3) summary information for all parts produced during program execution.

87.
NAL Call No.: 41.8-M69
A computer program for appraising and increasing productivity in beef cattle.
Ringwall, K. A.; Berg, P. M.; Boggs, D. L. Vet-Med v.87(7): p.706, 708- 709, 712-714, 716-717. (1992 July)
Descriptors: beef-cattle; beef-production; productivity; computer- software; beef-herds; growth; reproductive-performance; cow-herd-appraisal-and- performance-system-ii; chaps-ii

88.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1988
Computer program helps to manage small resorts for a profit.
Eix, J. R. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S Zazueta, AB Del Bottcher, eds p.422-427. (of Florida, [1988?].)
Conference held February 10-11, 1988 at the Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: resorts; management; computer-software; minnesota

89.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C68-1992
Computer software development for greenhouse design and management.
Fang, W.; Ting, K. C.; Giacomelli, G. A. Computers in agricultural extension programs proceedings of the 4th international conference, 28-31 January 1992, Orlando, Florida / sponspored by the Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers, c1992.. p. 274-279.
Includes references.
Descriptors: greenhouses; design; management; computer-software

90.
NAL Call No.: aSD11.A42
Computer vision: a nursery management tool.
Rigney, M. P.; Kranzler, G. A. Gen-Tech-Rep-RM-Rocky-Mt-For-Range-Exp-Stn-U- S-Dep-Agric-For-Serv (200): p.189-194. (1990 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: forest-nurseries; computers; image-processors

91.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
A computer-vision algorithm for automatic guidance of microplant harvesting.
McFarlane, N. J. B. Comput-Electron-Agric v.6(2): p.95-106. (1991 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: chrysanthemum; mechanical-harvesting; imagery; algorithms; stems; computer-techniques; robots

92.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32T
Computer vision sensing of stress cracks in corn kernels.
Reid, J. F.; Kim, C.; Paulsen, M. R. Trans-A-S-A-E v.34(5): p.2236- 2244. (1991 Sept.-1991 Oct.)
Literature review.
Descriptors: zea-mays; maize; kernels; cracking; crop-damage; computer-analysis; optical-properties; stress-grading; detection; literature- reviews

Abstract: Maintaining high quality of corn is important to both corn producers and buyers. Stress crack detection remains one of the most important tasks in corn quality inspection. Such a measure of quality would be helpful in assessing not only the end-use values of the corn, but also the drying method used and the amount of expected breakage due to subsequent handling procedures. A computer vision system was developed for automatic detection of corn stress cracks which simulates the processes that the human visual system uses to perceive the stress cracks from the corn kernel in the conventional candling method. The stress crack detection system consisted of four consecutive stages, windowing, edge detection, feature representation, and classification. A set of performance criteria was developed to evaluate the stress crack detection system and used to compare the performance of different configurations on several corn varieties. Evaluation results showed that the system configured with the circular band operator, the Duda road operator, and the Hough transform performed best, with success rates of 78.2% and failure rates of 8.2% of the classification made by one human expert. The performance measures of the system with this configuration were equal or superior to that of other human inspectors. The accuracy of the system was 91.8% when the system was used to distinguish only stress cracked-kernels from sound kernels.

93.
NAL Call No.: S75.F87
A computer with a green thumb.
DePolo, J. Futures-Mich-State-Univ-Agric-Exp-Stn v.8(4): p.11-12. (1991 Winter)
Descriptors: flowers; greenhouse-culture; computer-software; michigan

94.
NAL Call No.: aSD11.U56
Computerized algorithms for partial cuts.
Ernst, R. L.; Stout, S. L. Gen-Tech-Rep-NE-U-S-Dep-Agric-For-Serv-Northeast- For-Exp-Stn (148): p.132-147. (1991 Mar.)
Paper present at the 8th Central Hardwood Forest Conference, March 4-6, 1991, University Park, Pennsylvania.
Descriptors: forest-management; thinning; computer-simulation; algorithms; computer-software; fiber-computer-software; ne-twigs-computer- software; oaksim-computer-software; silvah-computer-software; yields-ms- computer-software

95.
NAL Call No.: 280.8-J822
Computerized analysis of individual sow-herd performance.
Huirne, R. B. M.; Dijkhuizen, A. A.; Renkema, J. A.; Beek, P. v. Am-J-Agric- Econ v.74(2): p.388-399. (1992 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pig-farming; farm-management; expert-systems; simulation- models; validity; decision-making; comparisons; weighting; computerized-herd- evaluation-system-for-sows-chess-computer-software

Abstract: A computer model, CHESS, was developed to allow systematic and objective analysis of individual swine breeding farms. The model works by identifying deviations from standards, weighting the deviations, analyzing the weighted deviations, and finally, evaluating individual farm performance based on the results. CHESS consists of one decision support system and three expert systems. A field test to validate the CHESS model resulted in a test disagreement between CHESS and human experts of about 4% only.

96.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
A computerized data management and decision support system for gypsy moth management in suburban parks.
Thorpe, K. W.; Ridgeway, R. L.; Webb, R. E. Comput-Electron-Agric v.6(4): p.333-345. (1992 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lymantria-dispar; pest-management; decision-making; computer-software; urban-parks; district-of-columbia; maryland; gypsy-moth- management-decision-support-system-gymsys-expert-system; montgomery-county,- maryland

97.
NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Computerized data management for almond breeding programs.
Dicenta, F.; Garcia, J. E. HortScience v.27(3): p.270. (1992 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: prunus-dulcis; plant-breeding; computer-software; microcomputers; databases

98.
NAL Call No.: QH540.N3
Computers in consulting engineering.
Howard, C. D. D. NATO-ASI-Ser-Ser-G-Ecol-Sci. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer- Verlag. 1991. v. 26 p. 267-282.
In the series analytic: Decision support systems: Water resources planning / edited by D.P. Loucks and J.R. da Costa. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Computer-Aided Support Systems for Water Resources, Research and Management, September 24-28, 1990, Ericeira, Portugal.
Descriptors: water-resources; water-management; decision-making; computer-simulation; simulation-models; computer-software; computer-hardware; engineering; consultants

99.
NAL Call No.: HD2346.U5R8
Computers save time, improve efficiency.
Tinsley, W. A. Rural-Enterp v.6(4): p.34-35. (1992 Summer)
Descriptors: microcomputers; time; efficiency; farm-management

100.
NAL Call No.: aS622.S6
Computers to be core of conservation assistance.
Shaw, R. R. Soil-Water-Conserv-U-S-Dep-Agric-Soil-Conserv-Serv v.13(2): p.4-6. (1992 July-1992 Aug.)
Descriptors: soil-conservation; land-management; computer-techniques; computer-software; databases; automation; usda

101.
NAL Call No.: HD1401.A47
Concept and implementation of an integrated decision support system (IDSS) for capital-intensive farming.
Wagner, P.; Kuhlmann, F. Agric-Econ-J-Int-Assoc-Agric-Econ v.5(3): p.287-310. (1991 July)
In the special issue : Multidisciplinary problem-solving and subject-matter work / edited by G.L. Johnson.
Descriptors: intensive-farming; capital; computer-software; models; decision-making; information; farm-management

Abstract: During the evolutionary process of developing software for management tasks, the need for integration became more and more obvious. This paper discusses how integrated information processing can be accomplished to support the managerial functions. Based on the concepts of control theory principal schemes of comparison possibilities and deviation analysis are shown. The philosophy behind the design of an integrated decision support system (IDSS), the on-farm implementation, and the integration problems of hardware and software are discussed. The applied IDSS consists of several planning and controlling models. These models and the linkages between them are described in detail.

102.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
Constant velocity air inlet controller.
Gates, R. S.; Overhults, D. G.; Walcott, B. L.; Shearer, S. A. Comput- Electron-Agric v.6(2): p.175-190. (1991 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: air-flow; velocity; animal-housing; ventilation; temperature; controllers; sensors; computer-software; algorithms; flow-charts

103.
NAL Call No.: SD143.N6
Construction of variable-density empirical yield equations from forest management inventory data.
Walters, D. K.; Ek, A. R.; Czysz, D. North-J-Appl-For v.7(3): p.110- 113. (1990 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: forest-inventories; yields; equations; mathematical- models

Abstract: Using simple concepts, forest management inventory data, and microcomputers for analysis, methodology is described whereby a forest owner or manager can construct yield equations quickly and economically. Models such as these should adequately explain the average yield trends in the data and can be adjusted, through the use of ratios, to specific stand information. Steps and cautions in choice of model form, data aggregation, and fitting procedure are discussed and illustrated. Assumptions and procedures for model implementation are also described.

104.
NAL Call No.: aSD11.A46-no.304
CONSUME. Version 1.01.
Ottmar, R. D.; Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or. Seattle, WA : PNW Research Station, [1993] 2 computer disks 1 user's guide.
Title from disk label.
Descriptors: Prescribed-burning-Software

Abstract: CONSUME is a computer program that calculates woody fuel and duff consumption for resource managers who prescribe fire for management of forest resources.

105.
NAL Call No.: QA76.76.E95A5
Continuous improvement of software support processes.
Lambert, J. R. AI-Appl v.7(2/3): p.45-48. (1993)
Paper presented at a Symposium of the 1992 Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, December 8, 1992, Baltimore, Maryland.
Descriptors: insect-pests; gossypium; crop-production; computer- software; systems; expert-systems; improvement; decision-making; usa

106.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32P
Cost and return estimator (CARE) a tool for alternative agriculture.
Christensen, D. A.; Langemeier, D. L. PAP-AMER-SOC-AGRIC-ENG. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. Winter 1990. (90-1565) 10 p.
Paper presented at the "1990 International Winter Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers," December 18-21, Chicago, Illinois.
Descriptors: alternative-farming; budgets; cost-benefit-analysis; crop-management; computer-software; nebraska; care-software

107.
NAL Call No.: HD1751.C45
Cost effective software encourages financial management.
Stokes, K. W. Choices-Mag-Food-Farm-Resour-Issues v.7(1): p.27. (1992)
Includes references.
Descriptors: computer-software; microcomputers; record-keeping; farm- management; extension

108.
NAL Call No.: QA76.76.E95A5
Costs involved in the support and maintenance of the Penn State Apple Orchard Consultants.
McClure, J. AI-Appl v.7(2/3): p.54-55. (1993)
Paper presented at a Symposium of the 1992 Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, December 8, 1992, Baltimore, Maryland.
Descriptors: malus-pumila; orchards; crop-management; support-systems; technical-training; computer-software; expert-systems; costs; pennsylvania

109.
NAL Call No.: SB249.N6
Cotton fruiting patterns as affected by nitrogen rate and Pix-- preliminary evaluation with COTMAP.
Welch, R. A.; Ebelhar, M. W. Proc-Beltwide-Cotton-Conf. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America. 1991. v. 2 p. 905.
Paper presented at the "Cotton Soil Management and Plant Nutrition Conference," 1991, San Antonio, Texas.
Descriptors: gossypium-hirsutum; crop-production; crop-yield; crop- quality; fertilizers; computer-software; mississippi

110.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1990
COWBASE: a beef cow-calf records program.
Kunkle, W. E.; Sand, R. S.; Buhl, F. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs / Fedro S. Zazueta, editor. ; January 31- February 1, 1990, Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, FL. Gainesville, FL : Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, [1990]. p. 459-465.
Descriptors: beef-herds; record-keeping; computer-software

111.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1990
COWBOSS: a microcomputer record keeping system for cow/calf herds.
Berry, S. L.; Ahmadi, A.; Johnson, H. A.; Riet, W. J. v.; Farley, J. L. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs / Fedro S. Zazueta, editor. ; January 31- February 1, 1990, Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, FL. Gainesville, FL : Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, [1990]. p. 423-429. ill.
Includes references.
Descriptors: animal-husbandry; cows; record-keeping; computers; systems

112.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C68-1992
COWREC--a simplified beef cow-calf record keeping system.
Sutton, R. W.; Bishop, G. D. Computers in agricultural extension programs proceedings of the 4th international conference, 28-31 January 1992, Orlando, Florida / sponspored by the Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers, c1992.. p. 86-90.
Includes references.
Descriptors: calf-production; record-keeping; computer-software

113.
NAL Call No.: S671.A66
Crop water stress index of ornamental plants.
Sammis, T. W.; Jernigan, D. Appl-Eng-Agric v.8(2): p.191-195. (1992 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: ornamental-plants; species; water-requirements; evapotranspiration; canopy; water-stress; mexico

Abstract: Water requirements were determined for eighteen species of ornamental plants produced under non-limiting water conditions at Las Cruces, New Mexico. Baseline equations were determined from regression analysis of canopy-air temperature differential versus air vapor pressure deficit. Canopy temperature was measured using an infrared thermometer. Air temperature and air vapor pressure deficit were measured using an Assmann psychrometer. Regressions for Salt Cedar, Sycamore, Ash, and Aleppo Pine had statistically equivalent slopes and intercepts (P < 0.05); all others were unique in their responses. Canopy and aerodynamic resistance were calculated from the baseline equations and the noontime and daily transpiration rates were calculated. Daily transpiration ranged from 12.5 mm d-1 (0.49 in. d-1) (alfalfa) to 3 mm d-1 (0.12 in. d-1) (Barberry). Relative transpiration was calculated using alfalfa as a standard. Redbud exhibited a relative transpiration of 0.78 and Mulberry showed a relative transpiration of 0.42.

114.
NAL Call No.: HD1.A3
CROPLOT--an expert system for determining the suitability of crops to plots.
Nevo, A.; Amir, I. Agric-Syst v.37(3): p.225-241. (1991)
Includes references.
Descriptors: farm-planning; land-use-planning; expert-systems; decision-making; crop-management; crop-production; microcomputers; validity

115.
NAL Call No.: 44.8-J822
The current state of human-computer interface technologies for use in dairy herd management.
Jones, L. R. J-Dairy-Sci v.75(11): p.3246-3256. (1992 Nov.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: information-systems; data-banks; microcomputers; graphs; computer-software; dairy-farming

Abstract: The current state of three human-computer interface areas was reviewed, and potential dairy herd management applications were proposed. Alternative input devices (e.g., touch-sensitive screens and speech recognition) can provide more intuitive communication with computers. Several user interface designs have been developed that narrow the dichotomy between ease of use and ease of learning. Information technologies can provide dairy herd managers with more complete and immediate access to management information for decision making: 1) natural language interfaces, which allow users to query a structured database to retrieve information; 2) full text retrieval systems, which retrieve pertinent passages from a collection of documents; and 3) hypertext, which is a means of linking related passages of text so that they can be browsed in a logical, nonlinear fashion. The third area of human-computer interface concerns methods of integrating decision support systems into a management workstation that could contain independent systems, systems integrated through a user interface manager, or systems integrated through an intelligent dialogue manager. Advances in human-computer interfaces, if incorporated into dairy management software, should significantly increase the use of computers for dairy management and improve the decisions made by dairy herd managers.

116.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32P
Customized design and layout of swine nursery facilities.
Helmink, K. J.; Riskowski, G. L.; Christianson, L. L. PAP-AMER-SOC-AGRIC- ENG. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. Winter 1989. (89-4552) 15 p.
Paper presented at the "1989 International Winter Meeting sponsored by The American Society of Agricultural Engineers," December 12-15, 1989, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Descriptors: piglets; pig-housing; structural-design; computer- software

117.
NAL Call No.: 1.98-AG84
Cutting energy costs for irrigation.
Senft, D. Agric-Res-U-S-Dep-Agric-Res-Serv v.39(5): p.14-15. (1991 May)
Descriptors: irrigation; computer-software; computer-techniques; irrigation-systems; energy-conservation; energy-cost-of-production

118.
NAL Call No.: SF601.C66
Dairy herd reproductive health management: evaluating dairy herd reproductive performance. II.
Etherington, W. G.; Marsh, W. E.; Fetrow, J.; Weaver, L. D.; Seguin, B. E.; Rawson, C. L. Compend-Contin-Educ-Pract-Vet v.13(9): p.1491-1503. (1991 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dairy-cows; heifers; calving-rate; growth; liveweight; age-at-first-calving; culling; conception-rate; dairy-herds; information- services; computer-software

119.
NAL Call No.: 44.8-J822
Dairybase: an electronic individual animal inventory and herd management system.
Spahr, S. L.; Dill, D. E.; Leverich, J. B.; McCoy, G. C.; Sagi, R. J-dairy- sci v.76(7): p.1914-1927. (1993 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dairy-cows; record-keeping; farm-management; computer- software; databases; algorithms

Abstract: A microcomputer application program developed with database management system technology is described for management of animal inventory, reproduction, genetic improvement, feeding, milk production, and health records of dairy cattle. An inventory of cattle, frozen semen, frozen embryos, and nutrient content of feeds is maintained in integrated databases using a relational database management system. Knowledge- based management information is encoded into the application program to enhance management. The program utilizes electronic transfer of milk production data from electronic milk meters and has the capability to minimize manual entry of other data by electronic updating of the database. Use of the program in a 300-cow herd enhanced the detail of data available for management of individual cows and provided an improved method for planning herd management events, monitoring the current status of individual cows, and custom interfacing herd records with new or emerging electronic communication and animal sensor technology.

120.
NAL Call No.: 58.9-IN7
Data logging for agriculture processing in Malawi.
Temple, S. Agric-Eng v.46(4): p.105-107, 130. (1991 Winter)
Descriptors: tea; processing; tobacco; production; data-collection; monitoring; temperature; environment; computer-software; malawi

121.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
Database management system for monitoring and warning of codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and carrot fly (Psila rosae).
Murali, N. S.; Percy Smith, A. Comput-Electron-Agric v.6(3): p.267-272. (1991 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cydia-pomonella; psila-rosae; databases; monitoring; microcomputers; pest-control; computer-software

122.
NAL Call No.: TD420.A1P7
DBAPE--a database and model parameter analysis system for agricultural soils to support water quality management.
Imhoff, J. C.; Carsel, R. F.; Kittle, J. L. Jr.; Hummel, P. R. Water-Sci- Technol-J-Int-Assoc-Water-Pollut-Res-Control v.24(6): p.331-337. (1991)
In the series analytic: Watermatex '91 / edited by T.O. Barnwell, P.J. Ossenbruggen and M.B. Beck. Proceedings of the "Second International Conference on Systems Analysis in Water Quality Management," June 3-6, 1991, Durham, New Hampshire.
Descriptors: soil-properties; water-quality; management; agricultural- soils; computer-software; subsurface-runoff; models; databases

123.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.B563C87
Decision support for integrated greenhouse production systems.
Ting, K. C.; Fang, W.; Giacomelli, G. A. Curr-Plant-Sci-Biotechnol- Agric (12): p.293-298. (1991)
In the series analytic: Horticulture -- New Technologies and Applications / edited by J. Prakash and R. L. M. Pierik. Proceedings of an International Seminar on New Frontiers in Horticulture, November 25-28, 1990, Bangalore, India.
Descriptors: horticultural-crops; greenhouse-culture; crop-production; decision-making; computer-software

124.
NAL Call No.: SB599.J69
Decision support software for implementation of Russian wheat aphid economic injury levels and thresholds.
Legg, D. E.; Wangberg, J. K.; Kumar, R. J-agric-entomol v.10(3): p.205- 213. (1993 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: diuraphis-noxia; insect-pests; economic-thresholds; crop- damage; yield-losses; computer-software; models

125.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1990
Decision support software to elicit risk aversion preferences.
Alderfer, R. D.; Harsh, S. B. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs / Fedro S. Zazueta, editor. ; January 31- February 1, 1990, Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, FL. Gainesville, FL : Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, [1990]. p. 242-246.
Includes references.
Descriptors: expert-systems; risk; attitudes

126.
NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
A decision support system for apple thinning in Colorado.
Rogoyski, M. K.; Renquist, A. R. HortScience v.27(8): p.915-917. (1992 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: malus-pumila; thinning; fruit; decision-making; computer- software; chemical-pruning; colorado; defruiting

Abstract: A decision support system has been developed to help Colorado fruit growers with apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) thinning. This system can also be used as a teaching aid and as a tool for generating research hypotheses. The system determines if fruit thinning is needed by identifying catastrophic events that would eliminate the need for thinning. The major function of this decision support system is determination of tree responsiveness to chemical thinning agents. This is accomplished through analysis of the user's answers to questions related to the physiological status of the trees, environmental data, bearing history, and the apple variety in question. On the basis of the above analysis, two sets of recommendations are presented: general recommendations based on the variety selected, and specific ones for that variety based on growth stage and tree responsiveness to thinners. The user also is provided with the rationale for the recommendations.

127.
NAL Call No.: 275.29-OK41C
A decision support system for eastern redcedar control.
Engle, D. M.; Bernardo, D. J.; Hunter, T. D.; Stritzke, J. F.; Bidwell, T. G. Circ-E-Okla-State-Univ-Coop-Ext-Serv (905): p.16. (1992 Feb.)
In the series analytic: Range research highlights, 1983-1991 / edited by T.G. Bidwell, D. Titus and D. Cassels.
Descriptors: juniperus-virginiana; brush-control; range-management; computer-software; cost-benefit-analysis; oklahoma

128.
NAL Call No.: SB599.C8
Decision support system for economic analysis of grasshopper treatment operations in the African Sahel.
Coop, L. B.; Croft, B. A.; Murphy, C. F.; Miller, S. F. Crop-Prot v.10(6): p.485-495. (1991 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: oedaleus-senegalensis; insect-control; decision-making; cost-benefit-analysis; chemical-control; computer-software; computer-simulation; simulation-models; prediction; economic-thresholds; crop-growth-stage; crop- yield; crop-losses; timing; insecticides; loss-prevention; millets; ghlsim

129.
NAL Call No.: QA76.76.E95A5
A decision support system for management of Russian wheat aphid in the western United States.
Berry, J.; Lanier, W.; Belote, D. AI-Appl v.7(1): p.49-52. (1993)
Descriptors: aphidoidea; computer-software; support-systems; management; identification; western-states-of-usa; diuraphis-noxia; management- modules; identification-modules

130.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32P
A decision support system for planning agroforestry systems.
Garcia Ceca, J. L.; Gebremedhin, K. G.; Lassoie, J. P. PAP-AMER-SOC-AGRIC- ENG. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. Summer 1989. (89-7073) 16 p.
Paper presented at the 1989 International Summer meeting, June 25-28, 1989, Quebec, PQ, Canada.
Descriptors: agroforestry-systems; planning; computer-software

131.
NAL Call No.: HD1773.A2N6
A decision support system for sustainable farming.
Ikerd, J. E. Northeast-J-Agric-Resour-Econ v. 20(1): p.109-113. (1991 Apr.)
Paper submitted in response to call for papers on the theme "The Effects of Agricultural Production on Environmental Quality."
Descriptors: farm-management; sustainability; farm-planning; computer- software; resource-management; microcomputers; decision-making; sustaining-and- managing-resources-for-tomorrow-farm-resource-management-system-smart-frms- computer-software

132.
NAL Call No.: T174.3.J68
A decision support system model for technology transfer.
Roland, R. J. J-Technol-Transfer v.7(1): p.73-93. (1982 Fall)
Includes references.
Descriptors: technology-transfer; decision-making; computer-software; information-systems; models

Abstract: Technology transfer is the process by which technology originating at one institutional setting is adapted for use in another. A major impediment to the implementation of new technologies to assist with mangerial decision-making problems is a lack of communication between the technology and management communities. Development of a tool designed to bridge the technology transfer gap was the goal of this research. The result is a prototype software package which may be used on an interactive computer terminal by a manager for assistance in designing a decision support system (DSS). The four primary research tasks were: 1. Develop a conceptual model of the DSS design process. 2. Select and adapt, or create, appropriate software to mechanize the model. 3. Develop a knowledge base to describe the interactiveness of various organization variables and managerial decision-making needs. 4. Collect and analyze interview data and implement resultant production rules on the model.

133.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
A decision support system to aid weed control in sugar beet.
Edwards Jones, G.; Mumford, J. D.; Norton, G. A.; Turner, R.; Proctor, G. H.; May, M. J. Comput-Electron-Agric v.7(1): p.35-46. (1992 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sugarbeet; weed-control; herbicides; decision-making; expert-systems; flow-charts; computer-software; uk; hypertext

134.
NAL Call No.: 41.8-V641
A decision support system using milk progesterone tests to improve fertility in commercial dairy herds.
Williams, M. E.; Esslemont, R. J. Vet-Rec-J-Br-Vet-Assoc v.132(20): p.503-506. (1993 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dairy-cows; female-fertility; decision-making; computer- software; artificial-insemination; milk; progesterone; ovulation; detection; profitability; moira; management-of-insemination-through-routine-analysis

135.
NAL Call No.: 1-AG84TE
Demonstration and validation of crop grain yield simulation by EPIC.
Kiniry, J. R.; Spanel, D. A.; Williams, J. R.; Jones, C. A. Tech-Bull-U-S- Dep-Agric (1768): p.220-234. (1990 Sept.)
In the series analytic: EPIC-Erosion/Productivity Impact Calculator. 1. Model Documentation / edited by A.N. Sharpley and J.R. Williams.
Descriptors: grain-crops; crop-yield; irrigation; erosion; computer- simulation; computer-software; simulation-models

136.
NAL Call No.: 100-T31M
A description of the Texas Agricultural Weather Advisory Program software.
Dugas, W. A.; Heuer, M. L. Misc-Publ-MP-Tex-Agric-Exp-Stn. College Station, Tex. : The Station. Mar 1985. (1574) 86 p.
Descriptors: crop-production; decision-making; weather-data; information- systems; information-processing; computer-hardware; computer-software; growth- models; soil-water-balance; probability-analysis; texas

137.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1988
The design and production of extension software.
Bomash, W. M. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S Zazueta p.652-657. (of Florida, [1988?].)
Meeting held February 10-11, 1988 at Lake Buenavista, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: extension; computer-software; design

138.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32T
Design of an agricultural robot for harvesting melons.
Edan, Y.; Miles, G. E. Trans-A-S-A-E v.36(2): p.593-603. (1993 Mar.- 1993 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cucumis-melo; harvesting; robots; automation; computer- software; mathematical-models

Abstract: The performance of an agricultural robot has been evaluated through simulation to determine design parameters for a robotic melon harvester. Animated, visual simulation provided a powerful tool to initiate the evaluation of alternative designs. To quantify the many, closely-related design parameters, numerical simulation tools were developed and applied. Simulations using measured cantaloupe locations revealed the effect of design parameters (configuration, number of arms, and actuator speeds) on the average cycle time. Simulation results predicted that a Cartesian robot would perform faster than a cylindrical robot for the melon harvesting task. Activating two arms in tandem was the fastest configuration evaluated. Additional sets of melon locations were stochastically generated from distributions of the field data to determine performance for planting distances between 25 and 125 cm. The fastest cycle time was achieved for an experimental cultural practice that consisted of one plant on each half row in an alternating sequence with 125 cm planting distance. The performance of the robotic melon harvester was found to be highly dependent on the picking time, actuator speeds and planting distance.

139.
NAL Call No.: 58.9-IN7
Design principles for automatic milking systems.
Mottram, T. T. Agric-Eng v.46(2): p.39-42. (1991 Summer)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dairy-farming; milking-machines; automation; design; robots

140.
NAL Call No.: 381-J8223
Detection of fungal contamination in corn: potential of FTIR-PAS and - DRS.
Greene, R. V.; Gordon, S. H.; Jackson, M. A.; Bennett, G. A. J-agric-food- chem v.40(7): p.1144-1149. (1992 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; maize; kernels; contamination; aspergillus- flavus; gibberella-fujikuroi; chemical-analysis; detection; analytical-methods

Abstract: Evaluation of agricultural grains, such as corn, suffers from a lack of techniques that can analyze solid materials. Two techniques, photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), were coupled to a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer to provide information about the mid-infrared absorption spectra of corn. Spectra generated from corn that was infected with Fusarium moniliforme or Aspergillus flavus, two mycotoxin producers, were dramatically different from those of uninfected corn. ForF. moniliforme, enhanced spectral differences were associated with elevated culture toxicity. Preliminary studies to appraise the sensitivity of the methodology were conducted utilizing DRS. These indicated that spectra of corn contaminated at the 3% level (dry weight basis) with F. moniliforme were distinguishable from spectral variations associated with compositional divergence of different corn varieties. PAS was a more sensitive technique for detecting such fungal contaminations. Unfortunately, from a practical standpoint, PAS can presently analyze only one intact kernel at a time.

141.
NAL Call No.: QA76.76.E95A5
Determination of greenhouse climate setpoints by SERRISTE: the approach and its object-oriented implementation.
Martin Clouaire, R.; Kovats, K.; Cros, M. J. AI-Appl v.7(1): p.1-15. (1993)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; greenhouse-crops; winter; time; environmental-temperature; humidity; computer-software

142.
NAL Call No.: SF55.A78A7
Determination of longissimus muscle area in pig with ultrasonic linear electronic scanner.
Irie, M. Asian-Australasian-J-Anim-Sci v.5(2): p.229-235. (1992 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pigs; ultrasonic-devices; loins; longissimus-dorsi; measurement

143.
NAL Call No.: Q184.R4
Determination of vegetation canopy parameters from optical measurements.
Kuusk, A. Remote-Sensing-Environ v.37(3): p.207-218. (1991 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: hordeum-vulgare; trifolium-pratense; canopy; reflectance; spectral-data; growth-period; models; measurement; estonian-ssr

144.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Determining seedling characteristics using computer vision and its application to an expert system for grading seedlings.
Sase, S.; Nara, M.; Okuya, T.; Sueyoshi, K. Acta-Hortic v.2(319): p.683-688. (1992 Oct.)
Paper presented at the International Symposium on Transplant Production Systems- -Biological, Engineering and Socioeconomics Aspects, July 21-26, 1992, Yokohama, Japan.
Descriptors: lactuca-sativa; seedlings; grading; automation; computer- techniques; vision; expert-systems

145.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1990
Developing countries: A simple software for farm management.
Carpineti, C. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs / Fedro S. Zazueta, editor. ; January 31- February 1, 1990, Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, FL. Gainesville, FL : Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, [1990]. p. 373-378.
Descriptors: farm-management; computer-software; developing-countries

146.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
Development and application of computer vision systems for use in livestock production.
Stuyft, E. v. d.; Schofield, C. P.; Randall, J. M.; Wambacq, P.; Goedseels, V. Comput-Electron-Agric v.6(3): p.243-265. (1991 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pigs; livestock; animal-production; computer-techniques; feasibility; imagery

147.
NAL Call No.: 464.8-AN72
Development, implementation, and adoption of expert systems in plant pathology.
Travis, J. W.; Latin, R. X. Annu-Rev-Phytopathol. Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews, Inc. 1991. v. 29 p. 343-360.
Literature review.
Descriptors: plant-pathology; plant-protection; integrated-pest- management; decision-making; computer-software; expert-systems; literature- reviews; disease-models; artificial-intelligence; knowledge-based-systems; plant; ds; pomme; grapes; counsellor; white-pine-blisterust; apple-pest-and- disease- diagnosis; calex; peaches; penn-state-apple-orchard-consultant; muskmelon-disorder-management-system

148.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C68-1992
Development of a computer program (UTILIS) for correct pig slurry management.
Balsari, P.; Calvo, A.; Airoldi, G. Computers in agricultural extension programs proceedings of the 4th international conference, 28-31 January 1992, Orlando, Florida / sponspored by the Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers, c1992.. p. 559-564.
Includes references.
Descriptors: pig-slurry; waste-disposal; computer-software

149.
NAL Call No.: QH540.J6
Development of a database and model parameter analysis system for agricultural soils.
Carsel, R. F.; Imhoff, J. C.; Kittle, J. L. Jr.; Hummel, P. R. J-Environ- Qual v.20(3): p.642-647. (1991 July-1991 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: water-quality; water-management; databases; computer- software; water-flow

Abstract: An interactive computer program was developed for obtaining soils data for geographic analyses and estimation of soil water retention data for simplistic and classical water flow models. The soils data base contains 8080 soil series identified from the USDA-SCS. The data are organized in sequential files that contain textural, morphological crop support, and geographical location (at a county level) and density (ha/county). The computer program allows the exploration of the database, clarifying the impact of data on modeled processes, screening geographically based data to identify potential sites for model application or testing, and developing initial guidance on alternative water quality management strategies. The program allows the display of data in the form of generated reports and production of geographic maps and plots of soil water functional relationships. Indirect methods are used in the program for estimating soil water retention characteristics using textural information from the soil data base. Estimates of variability can be developed within a soil series or among series by using reported ranges for textural information on each series contained in the soil database.

150.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1988
Development of a microcomputer-based expert system for apple scab management.
Cooley, D.; Cohen, P.; Ward, K. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S Zazueta, AB Del Bottcher, eds p.230-233. (of Florida, [1988?].)
Conference held February 10-11, 1988 at the Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: venturia-inaequalis; integrated-pest-management; expert- systems; massachusetts

151.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Development of an expert system using image database for diagnosing plant protection.
Hoshi, T.; Abe, T.; Nuki, K. Acta-Hortic v.2(319): p.635-640. (1992 Oct.)
Paper presented at the International Symposium on Transplant Production Systems- -Biological, Engineering and Socioeconomics Aspects, July 21-26, 1992, Yokohama, Japan.
Descriptors: lawns-and-turf; diagnosis; plant-diseases; plant-pests; functional-disorders; expert-systems; imagery; databases; microcomputers

152.
NAL Call No.: 44.8-J822
Development of an integrated knowledge-based system for management support on dairy farms.
Hogeveen, H.; Noordhuizen Stassen, E. N.; Schreinemakers, J. F.; Brand, A. J-Dairy-Sci v.74(12): p.4377-4384. (1991 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dairy-farming; information-processing; computer-software; information-systems; knowledge

Abstract: A knowledge-based system is an advanced computer program that can solve problems requiring the use of expertise and experience. This feature makes it very suitable for use in dairy farm management. A knowledge- based system contains a knowledge base, an inference engine, and a user interface. In second generation knowledge-based systems, the knowledge base is based upon a model in which declarative knowledge is stored. One of the possibilities for a model is a causal model. Causal models and other knowledge representation schemes can be used in an integrated knowledge-based system for management support on dairy farms. Such a knowledge-based system can contain three modules: 1) a health module, which must, for example, be able to detect and diagnose on-line (subclinical) diseases, such as mastitis, in an early stage; 2) a production module, which must help to reduce and prevent losses from diseases and managerial deficiencies; and 3) a financial module, which must be able to detect suboptimal financial results and search for the reasons causing those results. Tools and methods that can be used to build such a large integral knowledge-based system are discussed.

153.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Development of automated seedling production and transplanting system robotics.
Sakaue, O. Acta-Hortic v.2(319): p.557-562. (1992 Oct.)
Paper presented at the International Symposium on Transplant Production Systems- -Biological, Engineering and Socioeconomics Aspects, July 21-26, 1992, Yokohama, Japan.
Descriptors: vegetables; seedlings; production; transplanting; mechanization; automation; robots; construction; design; performance; japan

154.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1990
Development of software for beef ranchers in California.
Drake, D. J.; Finazzo, J.; Ostergard, M. M. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs / Fedro S. Zazueta, editor. ; January 31- February 1, 1990, Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, FL. Gainesville, FL : Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, [1990]. p. 436-440.
Includes references.
Descriptors: beef-production; management; finance; educational- programs; computer-software; cooperative-extension-service; california

155.
NAL Call No.: S671.A66
Development of tillage system selection software for corn/soybean production.
Meyer, C. R.; Parsons, S. D.; Griffith, D. R.; Mannering, J. V.; Steinhardt, G. C. Appl-Eng-Agric v.7(3): p.367-373. (1991 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; glycine-max; production; tillage; computer- software; expert-systems; tillage-expert-system; optimize-production

Abstract: Development of a regionally-specific expert system to estimate corn/soybean production on an individual-field and whole-farm basis is described. Rules and equations to project yield as a function of tillage system, crop rotation, latitude, soil series, and soybean row spacing and maturity group were derived from interviews with three experts. The resulting knowledge was encoded into computer logic written entirely in C- language. Although very small, the program retains the functionality of expert systems developed in shells. On-line explanations are available to explain why each input is requested. Help screens offer expanded explanation of each question. Conclusions are displayed as they are reached. Management suggestions are offered where appropriate, including recommending a conservation tillage system, flagging highly erodible fields, indicating erosion control measures, suggesting that a field be tilled as two separate fields, and warning against farming steep slopes in row crops. The program goes beyond the features offered by some shells, permitting the user to back up in the program, to execute UNIX or DOS commands from within the program, and to store a partial run in a disk file to be resumed later. The program has been released as Public Domain software, with over 300 copies currently in use.

156.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Different ways of obtaining technological parameters for computer assisted soil and crop management in the production of field vegetables in the GDR.
Frohlich, H.; Klaring, P. Acta-Hortic (260): p.295-312. (1989 Sept.)
Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Growth and Yield Control in Vegetable Production," / edited by G. Vogel, May 22-25, 1989, Berlin, German Democratic Republic.
Descriptors: vegetables; field-experimentation; crop-production; crop- management; soil-management; technology; data-collection; computer-software; data-processing; crop-yield; statistical-data; models; german-democratic- republic

157.
NAL Call No.: 99.8-F7623
Digital forest management: Canfor's experience.
Winkle, P. For-Chron v.67(6): p.630-634. (1991 Dec.)
Descriptors: forest-management; information-systems; geographic- information-systems

Abstract: Canfor's Englewood Division acquired a GIS two years age. Within this period, we have developed the framework necessary to digitally manage our 200,000 hectare Tree Farm License. This paper focuses mainly on the role GIS played in our Management and Working Plan. The plan is produced every five years to document and justify our forest land management techniques. It addresses issues of current and long-term wood supply; the 200 year horizon, silviculture regimes, and habitat requirements. GIS was used in conjunction with a forest estate model to test numerous management scenarios. Important issues included the decision to load 'dirty' data, the acquisition of contour data, networking data, raster/vector processing, restructuring for feature codes, and becoming a 'beta' test site for GIS software. In addition, we discuss our objectives for 1991 relating to training, wildlife habitat, ambrosia control, a cruise prediction system, coordinate geometry and other goals.

158.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Direct inserting seeder for culture media.
Tanaka, F. Acta-Hortic v.2(319): p.551-556. (1992 Oct.)
Paper presented at the International Symposium on Transplant Production Systems- -Biological, Engineering and Socioeconomics Aspects, July 21-26, 1992, Yokohama, Japan.
Descriptors: leafy-vegetables; precision-drilling; drills; culture- media; mechanization; robots; construction; design; performance; japan

159.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32P
DIRTE-1: model development and formulation.
Koger, J.; Stokes, B. J.; Sirois, D. L. PAP-AMER-SOC-AGRIC-ENG. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. Winter 1989. (89-7549) 55 p.
Paper presented at the "1989 International Winter Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers," December 12-15, 1989, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Descriptors: forest-management; harvesting; equipment; microcomputers

160.
NAL Call No.: QA76.76.E95A5
DRYPLAN: a computer-based decision-support system for sustainable land- use planning.
Biggins, J. G. AI-Appl-Nat-Resour-Manage v.5(3): p.57-59. (1991)
Includes references.
Descriptors: land-use; sustainability; soil-degradation; erosion; land-management; soil-conservation; planning; expert-systems; computer-software; australia

161.
NAL Call No.: 44.8-J822
DXMAS: an expert system program providing management advice to dairy operators.
Schmisseur, E.; Gamroth, M. J. J-dairy-sci v.76(7): p.2039-2049. (1993 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: expert-systems; dairy-farming; farm-management; decision- making; information-systems; culling; cattle-manure; replacement; crops; financial-planning

Abstract: An expert system, or knowledge-based, microcomputer program, DXMAS, was designed and developed to diagnose dairy management problems of dairy farmers of Tillamook County, Oregon and, as appropriate, to advance potential farm reorganization and expansion options. The program provokes management action by projecting lost income opportunities attributed to major management problems and missed reorganization and expansion opportunities. The DXMAS program analyzes annual economic and production performance data provided by dairy operators and has demonstrated the ability, in field testing of nine different dairy operations, to emulate dairy management experts in the diagnoses of 95 individual dairy management problems. In those field tests, the DXMAS program identified a variety of management problems and estimated annual lost income opportunities ranging from $25 to $450 per milk cow. Field testing suggested that the DXMAS program can provide a wide range of expert management advice to dairy operators.

162.
NAL Call No.: S544.3.N7A4
EASY-MACS: a computer-based system for apple pest management.
Nyrop, J.; McInnis, P.; Reissig, H.; Agnello, A.; Rosenberg, D.; Wilcox, W.; Kovich, J. Agfocus-Publ-Cornell-Coop-Ext-Orange-Cty p.15-16. (1990 Mar.)
Descriptors: malus-pumila; pest-management; computer-software

163.
NAL Call No.: 281.8-AG835
An economic analysis of beef stocking rates.
Griffin, W. N.; Ortmann, G. F. Agrekon v.29(2): p.102-107. (1990 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: beef-cattle; stocking-rate; animal-production; profits; returns; pastures; microcomputers; computer-software; mathematical-models; costs; south-africa

164.
NAL Call No.: 421-J822
Economic injury levels for management of stalk borer (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in corn.
Davis, P. M.; Pedigo, L. P. J-Econ-Entomol v.84(1): p.290-293. (1991 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; crop-damage; papaipema-nebris; pest-management; simulation-models; computer-software; basic-software

Abstract: A computer program was developed to predict yield in corn (Zea mays L.) infested by stalk borer, Papaipema nebris (Guenee), on the basis of injury profiles for each leaf stage and regression models for predicting yield of individual plants. Yield losses caused by stalk borer declined as corn was attacked later in development. Once the stalk begins to elongate (6-leaf stage), the ability of the stand to tolerate stalk borer injury sharply increases. However, yield loss in 6- and 7-leaf corn was much greater under drought stress than when moisture was adequate. Yield losses for selected leaf stages were comparable to those reported for black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), and European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner). Predictions from this model were used to calculate economic injury levels for corn attacked at leaf stages 1-7 under adequate moisture and drought conditions. A management program, which incorporates larval sampling in noncrop areas and prediction of movement on the basis of degree-day accumulations, is presented.

165.
NAL Call No.: SD143.S64
Economic issues in new perspectives: view from the Northwest.
Weigand, J. F. Proc-Soc-Am-For-Natl-Conv p.576-577. (1991)
Meeting held Aug 4-7, 1991, San Francisco, California.
Descriptors: pseudotsuga-menziesii; resource-management; economic- impact; environmental-management; national-forests; models; computer-software; habitats; wildlife; oregon

166.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1988
Economics and accounting, problems with current farm management software.
Griffith, D. A. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S Zazueta, AB Del Bottcher, eds p.317-322. (of Florida, [1988?].)
Conference held February 10-11, 1988 at the Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: farm-management; computer-software

167.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C68-1992
The economics of integrating poultry and aquaculture production: a dynamic simulation approach.
Gempesaw, C. M. I.; Bacon, J. R.; Wirth, F. F. Computers in agricultural extension programs proceedings of the 4th international conference, 28-31 January 1992, Orlando, Florida / sponspored by the Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers, c1992.. p. 111-116.
Includes references.
Descriptors: poultry; aquaculture; animal-production; integrated- systems; economic-viability; computer-software; delaware; aquasim

168.
NAL Call No.: 44.8-J822
The economics of naturally occurring twinning in dairy cattle.
Beerepoot, G. M. M.; Dykhuizen, A. A.; Nielen, M.; Schukken, Y. H. J-Dairy- Sci v.75(4): p.1044-1051. (1992 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dairy-cows; twinning; dutch-black-pied; computer- software; simulation-models; costs; cost-benefit-analysis; losses; calves; birth-weight; netherlands

Abstract: To determine the additional costs and returns of twin calvings in dairy cattle, an economic model was developed on the personal computer. Data used in the model were recorded on 33 farms over 6.5 yr and included 381 twin calvings. For missing information, assumptions were made from the literature. Additional calf returns turned out to be $2.96. Total additional cost were $71.47, consisting of $100.92 for milk reduction, $39.51 for increased premature culling, $19.25 for increased occurrence of abortion, $5.69 for increased therapy, and $6.09 for increased calving interval. Total losses were on average $171.47 - $62.69 = $108.51 per twin birth. Realistic changes in input variables could not change this negative outcome to a positive result. Therefore, it was concluded that it is not profitable to select to increase the number of twins in dairy cattle.

169.
NAL Call No.: S671.A66
Economics of swath manipulation during field curing of alfalfa.
Rotz, C. A.; Savoie, P. Appl-Eng-Agric v.7(3): p.316-323. (1991 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: alfalfa; curing; tedding; swath-turners; computer- software; models; economics

Abstract: The economic values of tedding and swath inversion operations in alfalfa hay production were evaluated with DAFOSYM, a comprehensive model of crop growth, harvest, storage, and feeding on a dairy farm. Twenty-six year simulations determined the long-term performance and economics of the two processes for a variety of management strategies on a representative dairy farm in Michigan. Tedding reduced the average field curing time about 13 h in first cutting and 6 h on later cuttings while swath inversion reduced the average curing time by 1 to 6 h. Mechanical losses caused by tedding were greater than the average rain-induced loss avoided by using the process. With little improvement in the quantity and quality of hay produced, additional machinery and labor costs of tedding decreased farm income. Swath inversion caused less loss, but costs were higher giving a similar range in the loss of farm income. Simulation of the systems on the same farm in Quebec Canada with two cuttings of alfalfa gave similar results. The economic value of swath manipulation treatments was not highly dependent upon any of the major model parameters assumed in the analysis.

170.
NAL Call No.: aHV4701.A952
Education, computer software and animal welfare.
Peterson, N. S. Anim-Welfare-Inf-Cent-Newsl v.2(2): p.3, 7. (1991 Apr.- 1991 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: animal-welfare; animal-testing-alternatives; computer- software; educational-technology

171.
NAL Call No.: 4-AM34P
Effect of maize maturity on radiation-use efficiency.
Major, D. J.; Beasley, B. W.; Hamilton, R. I. Agron-J v.83(5): p.895- 903. (1991 Sept.-1991 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; hybrids; solar-radiation; use-efficiency; photosynthesis; stand-density; canopy; reflectance; models; leaf-area-index; leaf-angle; distribution; transmittance; crop-yield; maturity; alberta; early- maturing-hybrids; photosynthetically-active-radiation

Abstract: Maize (Zea mays L.) production has expanded into short- season regions but it is not known whether the radiation-use efficiency (RUE, g MJ- 1) of new early hybrids differs from those grown in traditional maize- growing regions. In this study, spectral reflectance measurements were used to derive estimates of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) absorbed to compare the RUE of 10 maize hybrids that varied in adaptation from Iowa 110-d relative maturity to the earliest 60-d relative maturity hybrids commercially available. Reflectance measurements were made radiometrically in the visible and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum at approximately weekly intervals in 1985, 1986, and 1988. The 10 maize hybrids were grown at three densities at Lethbridge, Alberta, on an irrigated silty clay loam soil (Typic Haploboroll). The Scattering by Arbitrarily Inclined Leaves (SAIL) model of canopy reflectance was inverted to produce daily estimates of the fraction of absorbed PAR, p. Multiplying p by daily PAR irradiance gave daily estimates of absorbed PAR (APAR, MJ m-2), which were summed for the season. Radiation use efficiency was obtained by dividing whole-plant yield at harvest by seasonal (emergence to harvest) APAR. Averaged over years, hybrids, and densities, RUE was 2.3 g MJ-1. Radiation-use efficiency increased with population density across hybrids regardless of maturity. Seasonal RUE was lower than reported in the literature but there is evidence that chilling injury due to low night temperatures at the high elevation and semi-arid location of the study reduced photosynthesis. The results suggest that spectral reflectance can be used effectively by breeders to identify hybrids that are more efficient users of PAR and that maize hybrids resistant to chilling injury may be needed at high latitudes.

172.
NAL Call No.: 49-J82
Effects of forage and protein source on feedlot performance and carcass traits of Holstein and crossbred beef steers.
Comerford, J. W.; House, R. B.; Harpster, H. W.; Henning, W. R.; Cooper, J. B. J-Anim-Sci v.70(4): p.1022-1031. (1992 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: steers; holstein-friesian; beef-cattle; maize-silage; crossbreds; alfalfa-haylage; soybean-oilmeal; fish-meal; carcass-composition; carcass- quality; carcass-weight; feed-conversion-efficiency

Abstract: Fifty-eight Holstein and 58 crossbred beef steers were individually fed one of four isonitrogenous diets to evaluate the effects of forage source (corn silage and alfalfa haylage) and protein source (soybean meal and fish meal) on feedlot performance. Phase I diets (up to 354 kg of BW) were 40% forage and 60% concentrates and were fed for 70 to 136 d (depending on diet and breed group). Phase 2 diets (354 kg of BW until slaughter) were 20% forage and 80% concentrates and were fed for 127 to 150 d (depending on diet and breed group). Slaughter end points were .6 cm of 12th rib fat for Holsteins and 1.0 cm of rib fat for crossbreds using real-time ultrasonic estimates. The steers were fed for a maximum of 330 d each year. Forage source was a significant component of variation for most growth, efficiency, and carcass traits. Holstein and crossbred steers fed alfalfa haylage had significantly lower average daily gain, feed efficiency, dressing percentage, and empty body fat and required more days on feed to reach slaughter end points, but had higher total feed energy intake available for production. Steers fed corn silage diets had significantly greater energetic efficiency (P < .05) than those fed alfalfa haylage, due to increased use of ME to produce fat in the carcass. Protein type did not influence gain, feed or energetic efficiency, energy intake, or most carcass traits. A significant protein system X forage source interaction among the four diets was detected for crossbred steers fed corn silage and fish meal, for which there was significantly greater feed conversion with lower energy intake above maintenance, possibly due to better fiber digestion and(or) amino acid flow to the lower tract. Alfalfa haylage plus soybean meal diets decreased (P < .05) the percentage of Holsteins grading USDA Choice or higher. These results indicate that corn silage, because of greater energy concentration, was a more desirable forage in feedlot diets composed ofless than or equal to 40% forage and that protein type (soybean meal and fish meal) in growing diets is not an important factor in feedlot performance or carcass traits of Holstein or crossbred steers that are fed these diets.

173.
NAL Call No.: 80-AM329
The electronic orchidist.
Am-Orchid-Soc-Bull v.62(3): p.266-270. (1993 Mar.)
Descriptors: orchidaceae; cultivation; computer-software

174.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32T
An end-effector for robotic removal of citrus from the tree.
Pool, T. A.; Harrell, R. C. Trans-A-S-A-E v.34(2): p.373-378. (1991 Mar.-1991 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: citrus; harvesting; mechanical-damage; mechanical- harvesting; performance; robots; testing; florida

Abstract: The design of a robotic end-effector for picking citrus fruit is presented and its performance evaluated. The end-effector utilized a rotating-lip mechanism to capture a fruit. Incorporated into the end-effector were a color CCD camera and an ultrasonic transducer for determining the location of a fruit in three dimensions. End-effector performance was assessed by quantifying its capture envelope, fruit removal success rate, and damage inflicted to fruit and tree. Capture envelop was determined with laboratory tests while success and damage rates were quantified through field trials. The end-effector successfully removed fruit in 69% of the pick attempts and caused damage on 37% of the pick attempts. It was concluded that the rotating-lip approach to citrus removal was appropriate but refinement of the end-effector was needed to improve its sucess rate and to reduce damage rates.

175.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.E547
Energy input-output simulation of crop production.
Muller, R. E. Energy-World-Agric. Amsterdam : Elsevier. 1992. v. 5 p. 89- 116.
In the series analytic: Analysis of Agricultural Energy Systems / edited by R.M. Peart and R.C. Brook.
Descriptors: crop-production; energy-consumption; input-output- analysis; computer-software; usa

176.
NAL Call No.: 58.9-IN7
Engineering opportunities in the environment.
O'Callaghan, J. R. Agric-Eng v.46(3): p.80-83. (1991 Autumn)
Includes references.
Descriptors: agricultural-engineering; farming; farm-equipment; machinery; fertilizer-distributors; straw-disposal; harvesting; computer- software

177.
NAL Call No.: aSD388.A1U52
An engineering survey method for use with the Laser Technology, Inc., tree laser device.
Moll, J. Eng-Field-Notes-U-S-Dep-Agric-For-Serv-Eng-Staff. Washington, D.C. : The Staff. Nov/Dec 1992. v. 24 p. 31-38.
Includes references.
Descriptors: forests; roads; surveys; lasers

178.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1988
Enhancing extension agribusiness management programming using the management edge.
Torok, S. J. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S Zazueta, AB Del Bottcher, eds p.356-361. (of Florida, [1988?].)
Conference held February 10-11, 1988 at the Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: agribusiness; management; computer-software; expert- systems

179.
NAL Call No.: SB121.I57-1992
Environmental and hormonal effects in micropropagation.
Read, P. E. Transplant production systems proceedings of the International Symposium on Transplant Production Systems, Yokokama, Japan, 21-26 July 1992 / edited by K Kurata and T Kozai. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992.. p. 231-246.
Includes references.
Descriptors: micropropagation; automation; robots

180.
NAL Call No.: TP248.25.A96T68-1990
Environmental control and automation in micropropagation.
Kozai, T. Automation in biotechnology a collection of contributions presented at the Fourth Toyota Conference, Aichi, Japan, 21-24 October 1990 / edited by Isao Karube. Amsterdam : Elsevier c1991.. p. 279-304.
Includes references.
Descriptors: plants; micropropagation; automation; tissue-culture; explants; carbon-dioxide-enrichment; photosynthesis; light-intensity; environmental- control; robots; plantlets

Abstract: Reasons for the high production cost of micropropagated plantlets are discussed. CO2 concentrations in the culture vessel and photosynthetic characteristics of plantlets in vitro (in tissue culture vessels) are described. The effect of CO2 enrichment under high photosynthetic photon flux conditions on the growth of plantlets in vitro (in tissue culture vessels) is shown. Four prototype robotic/automated micropropagation systems recently developed in Japan are introduced. Both may contribute to a reduction in cost of micropropagated plants in the future.

181.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32P
Environmentally sound agricultural production systems through site- specific farming.
Engel, B. A.; Gaultney, L. D. PAP-AMER-SOC-AGRIC-ENG. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. Winter 1990. (90-2566) 7 p.
Paper presented at the "1990 International Winter Meeting", December 18-21, 1990, Chicago, Illinois.
Descriptors: agricultural-production; environmental-protection; information-systems; environmental-impact; geographic-information-systems

182.
NAL Call No.: HD1.A3
EPIC: an operational model for evaluation of agricultural sustainability.
Jones, C. A.; Dyke, P. T.; Williams, J. R.; Kiniry, J. R.; Benson, V. W.; Griggs, R. H. Agric-Syst v.37(4): p.341-350. (1991)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sustainability; wind-erosion; water-erosion; erosion- control; weather-data; hydrology; cycling; soil-temperature; tillage; growth; soil- management; crop-management; costs; returns; productivity; climatic- change; simulation-models; computer-software; evaluation; usa; erosion- productivity-impact-calculator

183.
NAL Call No.: 281.8-AG835
Erratum: An economic analysis of beef stocking rates.
Griffin, W. N.; Ortmann, G. F. Agrekon v.29(3): p.ii. (1990 Sept.)
Descriptors: beef-cattle; stocking-rate; animal-production; profits; returns; pastures; microcomputers; computer-software; mathematical-models; costs; south-africa

184.
NAL Call No.: Q184.R4
Estimating vegetation amount from visible and near infrared reflectances.
Price, J. C. Remote-Sensing-Environ. New York, N.Y. : Elsevier Science Publishing. July 1992. v.41 (1) p. 29-34.
Includes references.
Descriptors: vegetation; canopy; measurement; spatial-variation; soil; reflectance; landsat; leaf-area-index; agricultural-land; equations; vegetation- cover; satellite-positioning-and-tracking; leaf-vegetation-index

185.
NAL Call No.: SF207.B442
Estimation of backfat thickness in beef cattle by ultrasound.
Gauck, D. M.; Davis, M. E. Ohio-Beef-Cattle-Res-Ind-Rep (90-2): p.170- 176. (1990 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: beef-cattle; ultrasound; backfat; prediction; slaughter; measurement; carcass-yield; ohio

186.
NAL Call No.: 41.8-M69
Evaluating individual and overall herd data for beef cattle clients.
Ringwall, K. A.; Berg, P. M.; Boggs, D. L. Vet-Med v.87(8): p.849-854. (1992 Aug.)
Descriptors: beef-herds; performance; computer-software; record- keeping; records; evaluation; chaps-ii

187.
NAL Call No.: S590.C63
Evaluating SOY-DRIS for predicting manganese deficiency and sufficiency.
Shuman, L. M.; Wilson, D. O.; Hallmark, W. B. Commun-Soil-Sci-Plant- Anal v.23(9/10): p.1019-1029. (1992)
Includes references.
Descriptors: glycine-max; foliar-diagnosis; dris; mineral- deficiencies; mineral-excess; fertilizer-requirement-determination; manganese; accuracy; computer-software; georgia; sufficiency-range-method-srm

188.
NAL Call No.: S671.A66
Evaluating timber sale bids using optimal bucking technology.
Olsen, E. D.; Pilkerton, S. J.; Garland, J. J. Appl-Eng-Agric v.7(1): p.131-136. (1991 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: timber-trade; harvesting; forest-management; computer- software; valuation; stand-characteristics; cruise; buck

Abstract: This study documented and field tested a method of using optimal bucking procedures to aid in cruising and stand value appraisals. The CRUISE/BUCK method can estimate the type of logs which should be cut from a stand and evaluate the potential revenue if different sets of mills are chosen as the purchasers. This type of pre-harvest analysis can aid managers in how to "merchandize" the stand. Alternative methods of collecting diameter measurements were compared.

189.
NAL Call No.: 49-J82
Evaluation of alternative techniques to determine pork carcass value.
Akridge, J. T.; Brorsen, B. W.; Whipker, L. D.; Forrest, J. C.; Kuei, C. H.; Schinckel, A. P. J-Anim-Sci v.70(1): p.18-28. (1992 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pigs; carcass-grading; carcass-composition; meat-yield; carcass-quality; ultrasound; ultrasonic-fat-meters; economic-evaluation; optical- instruments; electromagnetic-radiation; scanning; market-prices; bonuses; discounts; backfat

Abstract: Three techniques for estimating the value of pork carcasses were evaluated: an optical probe, a real-time ultrasound scanner, and an electromagnetic scanner (EMSCAN). The ability of these techniques to predict carcass value was compared to the predictive ability of actual measures of backfat depth and longissimus muscle area taken with a ruler and a dot grid. Results indicated the EMSCAN model was the best predictor of carcass value. However, the optical probe, ultrasound, and the ruler/dot grid all provided information not contained in the EMSCAN model. The choice among ultrasound, the optical probe, and the ruler/dot grid depends on how the carcass will be used. There is no significant difference between ultrasound and the ruler/dot grid or the optical probe and the ruler/dot grid if the carcass is to be marketed in wholesale primal form, but the ruler/dot grid is superior if the ham and loin are to be sold as lean, boneless products. A model combining the EMSCAN and optical probe readings provided more accurate value predictions than either technique alone. A carcass value matrix for use in pricing pork carcasses was developed using readings from the optical probe. Carcass use has a substantial impact on value differences between fat and lean pigs.

190.
NAL Call No.: 44.8-J822
Evaluation of bulls for nonreturn rates within artificial insemination organizations.
Schaeffer, L. R. J-Dairy-Sci v.76(3): p.837-842. (1993 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dairy-bulls; ai-bulls; male-fertility; pregnancy-rate; computer-software; evaluation; sires; repeatability; canada

Abstract: Programs have been written for use on microcomputers to utilize breeding receipt data collected by AI organizations to evaluate dairy bulls for nonreturn rates. The statistical model of analysis allows the user to have up to four fixed factors, as well as herd or herd-year effects, technician effects, and service sire effects. As an example, 137,874 AI in 1991 from one organization were analyzed. Data included information from 3609 herds, 80 technicians, and 464 sires. Although AI organizations traditionally compute 60- to 90-d nonreturn rates, these programs have caused organizations to consider using shorter period nonreturn rates in order to evaluate bulls sooner. Evidence from other work indicated that the evaluations of bulls from this analysis were more highly correlated with physiological characteristics of ejaculates than simple nonreturn rates.

191.
NAL Call No.: SF380.I52
Evaluation of cropping strategies in game ranching using a livestock productivity model.
Baptist, R.; Sommerlatte, M. Small-Ruminant-Res v.5(3): p.195-203. (1991 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: alcelaphus-buselaphus; computer-software; simulation- models; productivity; culling; game-farming

192.
NAL Call No.: S530.A4
An evaluation of on-farm microcomputer use.
Quinlan, D. J-Agric-Educ v.31(1): p.7-11. (1990 Spring)
Includes references.
Descriptors: microcomputers; farm-management; usage; farm-surveys; educational-programs; evaluation; iowa; tama-county,-iowa

193.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Evaluation of the performance of ion-selective electrodes in an automatead NFT system.
Heinen, M.; Harmanny, K. Acta-Hortic (304): p.273-280. (1992 Mar.)
Paper presented at the "First International Workshop on Sensors in Horticulture", January 29-31, 1991, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands.
Descriptors: crop-production; greenhouse-culture; nutrient-film- techniques; nutrient-solutions; temperature; hysteresis; monitoring; sensors; electrodes

194.
NAL Call No.: 49-AN55
An evaluation of two ultrasonic instruments for the prediction of carcass lean grade in growing pigs.
Krieter, J.; Kalm, E. Anim-Prod v.52(pt.2): p.361-366. (1991 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pigs; ultrasonic-fat-meters; body-composition; fat- percentage; liveweight; prediction; methodology; costs

195.
NAL Call No.: 49-J82
Evaluation of ultrasonic estimates of carcass fat thickness and longissimus muscle area in beef cattle.
Perkins, T. L.; Green, R. D.; Hamlin, K. E. J-Anim-Sci v.70(4): p.1002- 1010. (1992 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: beef-cattle; steers; ultrasonic-fat-meters; backfat; prediction; accuracy; fat-thickness; longissimus-dorsi; area; carcass- composition; measurement; errors

Abstract: Yearling crossbred feedlot steers (n = 495) and heifers (n = 151) were ultrasonically measured at the 12-13th rib interface 24 h before slaughter to evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonic measurements of fat thickness (BFU) and longissimus muscle area (LMAU) for prediction of actual carcass measures. Isonification was with an Aloka 210DX ultrasound unit equipped with a 12.5-cm, 3.0-MHz, linear array transducer by two technicians. Carcass fat thickness (BFC) and longissimus muscle area (LMAC) were measured 48 h postmortem. Differences between ultrasonic and actual carcass measures were expressed in actual (BFDIFF and LMADIFF) and in absolute (BFDIFF and LMADIFF) terms for backfat and longissimus muscle area, respectively. When expressed as percentages of the actual carcass measures, the average absolute differences indicated error rates of 20.6% for backfat and 9.4% for longissimus muscle area. Average actual differences (BFDIFF and LMADIFF) indicated that underprediction occurred more often than overprediction for both measures. The BFU was within .25 cm of BFC 70% of the time, and LMAU was within 6.5 cm2 of LMAC 53% of the time. Ultrasound measurements BFU and LMAU more accurately predicted BFC and LMAC in thinner and more lightly muscled cattle, respectively. Simple correlation coefficients between ultrasonic and carcass measures were .75 (P < .01) for BF and .60 (P < .01) for LMA. Analyses of variance of absolute differences between ultrasonic and carcass measures indicated no significant differences to exist between technicians. Predictive accuracy of ultrasonic measures did not change as the level of experience of technicians increased during the study. This research indicates that ultrasonic measurements of backfat and longissimus muscle area using these techniques taken before slaughter may be relatively accurate predictors of final carcass fat thickness and longissimus muscle area in beef cattle.

196.
NAL Call No.: 49-J82
Evaluation of ultrasound for prediction of carcass fat thickness and longissimus muscle area in feedlot steers.
Smith, M. T.; Oltjen, J. W.; Dolezal, H. G.; Gill, D. R.; Behrens, B. D. J- Anim-Sci v.70(1): p.29-37. (1992 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: steers; ultrasound; ultrasonic-fat-meters; fat-thickness; live-estimation; longissimus-dorsi; carcass-composition; muscles; accuracy

Abstract: Four hundred fifty-two yearling steers from two experiments were measured for subcutaneous fat thickness and longissimus muscle area between the 12th and 13th ribs using realtime linear array ultrasound equipment. Ultrasonic predictions were compared to corresponding carcass measurements to determine accuracy of ultrasound measurements. In Exp. 1, 74% of the ultrasonic estimates of fat thickness were within 2.54 mm of carcass values (r = .81) and muscle area was predicted within 6.45 cm(2) for 47% of all carcasses (r = .43). Although similar correlation coefficients between ultrasonic and carcass fat thickness were obtained in Exp. 2 (r = .82.), estimates were more biased; only 62% of ultrasound estimates were within 2.54 mm of carcass measurements. Improvement in longissimus muscle area estimates was noted in Exp. 2, in which 54% of ultrasonic estimates were within 6.45 cm(2) of carcass values (r = .63). The extremes for each trait proved most difficult to predict; fat thickness was underestimated on fatter cattle and muscle area was underpredicted on more heavily muscled steers. Ultrasonic measurements of fat thickness are precise and accurate in determining carcass fat thickness, but muscle area estimates are inconsistent and warrant further investigation.

197.
NAL Call No.: HC79.I55K44-19991
Every manager's guide to information technology : a glossary of key terms and concepts for today's business leader.
Keen, P. G. W. Boston, Mass. : Harvard Business School Press, c1991. viii, 170 p., Includes index.
Descriptors: Information-technology-Dictionaries

198.
NAL Call No.: SB599.U6-[no.]-44
Experiments on hand-held radiometry and IR-thermography of winter wheat in field plot experiments.
Nilsson, H. E. Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 1987. 48 p. : ill., Summary in Swedish. Bibliography: p. 13-15.

199.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
Expert result analyzer for a field operations simulator.
Lal, H.; Peart, R. M.; Shoup, W. D.; Jones, J. W. Comput-Electron-Agric v.6(2): p.123-141. (1991 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: crop-production; farm-management; expert-systems; computer-simulation; simulation-models; farmsys-computer-software

200.
NAL Call No.: 44.8-J822
Expert system for evaluation of reproductive performance and management.
Domecq, J. J.; Nebel, R. L.; McGilliard, M. L.; Pasquino, A. T. J-Dairy- Sci v.74(10): p.3446-3453. (1991 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dairy-cows; dairy-herds; dairy-performance; reproductive- efficiency; expert-systems; conception-rate

Abstract: A microcomputer expert system for dairy herd reproductive management was developed using an expert system shell and Turbo Pascal. The expert system initially examines the broad areas of days open, days to first breeding, detection of estrus, and conception rate to determine whether a problem exists. Interpretations ranging from "excellent" to "severe" were established for each trait. The system then selects an area for evaluation that has the largest negative influence on days open. Once an area has been selected for further evaluation, the expert system utilizes information from the user and DHI reports developed by the Dairy Records Processing Center in Raleigh, NC. These reports identify problems with conception categorized by production, parity, service number, days in milk, breed, and service sire. In addition, questions are presented by the expert system to isolate problems of accuracy of data, use of natural service, semen handling, AI technique, detection of estrus, signs of estrus, and other management areas. Recommendations and suggestions are given. Ten commercial herds having a conception rate less than 40% were evaluated by the expert system and by an extension reproduction specialist who supplied information for the system. Of 100 areas investigated, the expert system and extension specialist identified 47 as potential problem areas, agreeing on 85% of them. Most discrepancies resulted from the specialist applying a less restrictive standard when values were close to a preselected threshold.

201.
NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
An expert system for integrated production management in muskmelon.
Sullivan, G. H.; Ooms, W. J.; Wilcox, G. E.; Sanders, D. C. HortScience v.27(4): p.305-307. (1992 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cucumis-melo; crop-production; expert-systems; integrated-systems; decision-making

Abstract: A management expert system that enables producers to fully assess the integrated resource requirements, management risks, and profit potential for growing muskmelon was developed. The expert system environment Guru was used as the development software.

202.
NAL Call No.: SF85.A1R32
An expert system for prescribed burning of rangelands.
Wright, H. A.; Burns, J. R.; Chang, H.; Blair, K. Rangelands v.14(5): p.286-292. (1992 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: rangelands; prescribed-burning; computer-software; field- tests; grasslands; weather; planning; range-management; texas

203.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1990
Extension experience with B.E.A.R.PLUS: financial planning software which incorporates risk.
Brown, J. D.; Turvey, C. G.; Pfeiffer, W. C.; Anderson, J. A. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs / Fedro S. Zazueta, editor. ; January 31- February 1, 1990, Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, FL. Gainesville, FL : Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, [1990]. p. 709- 714.
Descriptors: farm-management; financial-planning; risk; analysis; computer- software; budgeting-enterprises-and-analysing-risk-plus-financial-statements

204.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1988
Extension mail management system in Umatilla County.
Prothero, G. L. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S Zazueta p.862-867. (of Florida, [1988?].)
Meeting held February 10-11, 1988 at Lake Buenavista, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: computer-software; computer-techniques; extension; oregon

205.
NAL Call No.: SB249.N6
Extension of crop insurance evaluation system to cotton growers.
Lovell, A. C.; Allen, G.; Richardson, J. W.; Zimmel, P.; Cochran, M. J.; Coats, R. E.; Windham, T. E. Proc-Beltwide-Cotton-Conf. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America. 1991. v. 1 p. 430-435.
Paper presented at the "Cotton Economics and Marketing Conference," 1991, San Antonio, Texas.
Descriptors: gossypium-hirsutum; crop-production; crop-yield; crop- insurance; computer-techniques; computer-software; cirman,-crop-insurance-risk- management-analyzer

206.
NAL Call No.: S671.A66
Factors affecting performance of sliding-needles gripper during robotic transplanting of seedlings.
Yang, Y.; Ting, K. C.; Giacomelli, G. A. Appl-Eng-Agric v.7(4): p.493- 498. (1991 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: ornamental-plants; seedlings; transplanting; robots; automation

Abstract: Transplanting tests with commercially grown seedling plugs were conducted using a Sliding-Needles with Sensor (SNS) gripper operated by a SCARA type robot. A total of 11 plug trays, with 600 cells each, were tested. Many mechanical and horticultural factors were found to affect the percentage of successful transplanting, which were analyzed to understand their influence on the effectiveness of the gripper. The mechanical factors were 1) the angles of gripper needles; 2) plug extraction acceleration; and 3) the sensor sensitivity. The horticultural factors included 1) empty cells on the plug trays; 2) plant species; 3) root connections; 4) adhesion between roots and cell walls; 5) root zone moisture; and 6) the number of seedlings in one cell.

207.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1988
Farm L.P., A microcomputerized farm level systems analysis program.
Novak, J. L.; McIntosh, C. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S Zazueta, AB Del Bottcher, eds p.58-63. (of Florida, [1988?].)
Conference held February 10-11, 1988 at the Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: farm-management; systems-analysis; linear-programming; microcomputers

208.
NAL Call No.: 280.8-J822
Farm labor legislation: a computer program to assist growers.
Alwang, J.; Wooddall Gainey, D.; Johnson, T. G. Am-J-Agric-Econ v.73(4): p.1027-1035. (1991 Nov.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: farm-workers; hired-labor; labor-legislation; computer- software; law; growers; virginia; migrant-labor-law-computer-software

Abstract: Labor recruitment and management is critical to agricultural production. Dependence on hired labor is growing, even in states and regions where farm labor needs were traditionally met by family members. Employment in agriculture is governed by a large number of complex federal and state regulations. A computerized information system designed to facilitate compliance with these regulations is described. A user survey shows that the system is widely and effectively used.

209.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C68-1992
FARMCARE, a case study of the evaluation of long term conservation plans.
Haagensen, A. M. Computers in agricultural extension programs proceedings of the 4th international conference, 28-31 January 1992, Orlando, Florida / sponspored by the Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers, c1992.. p. 364- 369.
Descriptors: farm-management; farm-planning; cost-benefit-analysis; computer- software; australia

210.
NAL Call No.: SB317.5.H68
Farmer's bookshelf: a computerized hypermedia information system for crops.
Kobayashi, K. D.; Bittenbender, H. C. HortTechnology v.1(1): p.118-120. (1991 Oct.-1991 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: information-systems; computer-software; crop-production; information-technology; hypertext

211.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C68-1992
FarmPlan 2.0--a linear programming model for cash grain and beef farms.
Aakre, D.; Olson, F.; Egeberg, R.; Swenson, A.; Hughes, H.; Rice, D. Computers in agricultural extension programs proceedings of the 4th international conference, 28-31 January 1992, Orlando, Florida / sponspored by the Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers, c1992.. p. 19-24.
Descriptors: farm-management; decision-making; linear-programming; computer- software

212.
NAL Call No.: HD1.A3
FARMSYS--a whole-farm machinery management decision support system.
Lal, H.; Jones, J. W.; Peart, R. M.; Shoup, W. D. Agric-Syst v.38(3): p.257-273. (1992)
Includes references.
Descriptors: farm-machinery; farm-management; decision-making; computer-software; simulation-models; testing; evaluation; labor; weather-data; capacity; information; tractors; farming-systems; expert-systems; prolog- programming-in-logic-computer-software

213.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
Feature extraction of spherical objects in image analysis: an application to robotic citrus harvesting.
Pla, F.; Juste, F.; Ferri, F. Comput-Electron-Agric v.8(1): p.57-72. (1993 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: citrus; mechanical-harvesting; imagery; robots; mathematical-models; digital-images

214.
NAL Call No.: 100-Or3M-no.873
FEEDLOT. FEEDLOT computer software.
Riggs, W. W.; Torrell, L. A.; Oregon State University. Extension Service. Corvallis, Or. : Oregon State University, Extension Service, [1991] 9 p. : ill., "FEEDLOT is a microcomputer program designed to help producers compare the economics of alternative production and marketing strategies."
Descriptors: Feedlots-Computer-programs

215.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1990
Field Crops Insect Management software.
Landis, D. A.; Harsh, S. B.; Black, J. R.; Brook, R. C.; Harmon, R. J. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs / Fedro S. Zazueta, editor. ; January 31- February 1, 1990, Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, FL. Gainesville, FL : Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, [1990]. p. 389-394. ill.
Includes references.
Descriptors: field-crops; insect-control; computer-software

216.
NAL Call No.: SD409.N48
A field-oriented competition index for young jack pine plantations and a computerized decision tool for vegetation management.
Morris, D. M.; Forslund, R. R. New-For v.5(2): p.93-107. (1991)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pinus-banksiana; forest-plantations; plant-competition; shade; boreal-forests; vegetation-management; computer-software; microprocessors; decision-making; shade-index

Abstract: A field-oriented competition index (Shade Index) was developed using a series of mensurational measurements on competitors surrounding individual jack pine seedlings. This index and accompanying software were developed for a hand-held microprocessor, allowing for on-site evaluations. The Shade index estimates the percent occupancy of competitor crowns overtopping individual jack pine seedlings within a 1.4 m radius of the subject tree. Using 360 crop tree-centred plots situated on six four-year-old plantations, the accuracy of the index was tested against a more complex competition index (Total Canopy Cover) obtained from vertical hemispherical photographs. Both of these indices attempt to quantify the amount of light being intercepted by competitors. A relationship was found to exist between these two indices with Pearson correlation coefficients ranging from 0.82 to 0.90. Linear regression models of seedling diameter regressed against the Shade index for the different site/stock type combinations are presented. All models were significant at greater than p = 0.0001, with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.42 to 0.71. This index was incorporated into software for a hand-held microprocessor to allow onsite evaluation. These evaluations have the potential to be used to set tending priorities or assess vegetation control measures.

217.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1988
Finding your agricultural advantage.
Levins, R. A.; Johnson, D. M. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S Zazueta, AB Del Bottcher, eds p.362-367. (of Florida, [1988?].)
Conference held February 10-11, 1988 at the Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: crop-production; profitability; computer-software; computer-techniques

218.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32P
Finite element analysis and optimization of a robot gripper design.
Edan, Y.; Haghighi, K.; Stroshine, R. L.; Cardenas Weber, M. PAP-AMER-SOC- AGRIC-ENG. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. Winter 1989. (89-7537) 14 p.
Paper presented at the "1989 International Winter Meeting sponsored by The American Society of Agricultural Engineers," December 12-15, 1989, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Descriptors: melons; robots; finite-element-analysis; optimization

219.
NAL Call No.: aSD11.A48
The fire effects information system: a tool for shrub information management.
Bradley, A. F. Gen-Tech-Rep-INT-U-S-Dep-Agric-For-Serv-Intermt-Res-Stn (276): p.263-266. (1990 Nov.)
Paper presented at the Symposium on "Cheatgrass invasion, shrub die-off, and other aspects of shrub biology and management," April 5-7, 1989, Las Vegas, Nevada.
Descriptors: shrubs; fire-ecology; computer-software; arid-regions; wildfires; databases; usa

220.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1988
Five year planning by dairy farmers using FINPACK.
Unger, R.; Bennett, M. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S Zazueta, AB Del Bottcher, eds p.308-312. (of Florida, [1988?].)
Conference held February 10-11, 1988 at the Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: animal-husbandry; planning; computer-techniques; computer-software; missouri

221.
NAL Call No.: S75.F87
Floriculture on line.
Penner, K. Futures-Mich-State-Univ-Agric-Exp-Stn v.9(3): p.19-20. (1991 Fall)
Descriptors: floriculture; farm-management; computer-software; michigan

222.
NAL Call No.: SD13.C35
Focal point seed zones: site-specific seed zone delineation using geographic information systems.
Parker, W. H. Can-J-For-Res-J-Can-Rech-For v.22(2): p.267-271. (1992 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: conifers; seed-sources; information-systems; provenance; pinus-banksiana; north-america; ontario

Abstract: A new site-specific approach to defining seed zones in North American conifers is described. Using focal point seed zones, an individual site to be reforested becomes the focal point, and a unique seed zone is established for that site as needed. This approach depends upon (i) obtaining good comparative data in adaptive characteristics from throughout the range to be regenerated based upon a series of short-term growth tests in a common garden and (or) greenhouse and (ii) graphic analysis of multivariate summary scores by geographic information systems software to delimit boundaries of unique seed zones for any location to be reforested. A sample focal point seed zone is delineated for jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) reforestation of a site in northern Ontario. This approach has considerable potential to help prevent decreased growth and yield due to the planting of maladapted seed.

223.
NAL Call No.: SF601.B6
Forage analyses for dietary diagnosis and management.
Anderson, B.; Rice, D.; Kubik, D.; Rasby, R. Agri-Practice v.12(3): p.29-32. (1991 May-1991 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cattle-feeding; forage; infrared-spectroscopy; testing; crude-protein; digestibility; production-costs; feed-supplements; near-infrared- reflectance-spectroscopy

224.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C68-1992
Forage manager: an integrated approach to forage management evaluation and decision-making.
Panciera, M. T.; Bruce, L. B.; Gavlak, R. G. Computers in agricultural extension programs proceedings of the 4th international conference, 28-31 January 1992, Orlando, Florida / sponspored by the Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers, c1992.. p. 43-54.
Includes references.
Descriptors: fodder-crops; management; decision-making; computer- software

225.
NAL Call No.: 99.8-F7623
The Forest Management Decision Support System project.
Bulger, D.; Hunt, H. For-Chron v.67(6): p.622-628. (1991 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: forest-management; decision-making; computer-techniques; computer-software; ontario

Abstract: The focus of a decision support system is much different from Management Information Systems (MIS) and data-based "decision support systems". Decision support systems, as defined by the authors, focus on decisions and decision makers, and on information. Technology is treated as a tool and data as the raw material. In many traditional systems the focus is on the technology, and the data is the "information", while decision makers are, to some extent, externalized. The purpose of the Forest Management Decision Support System (FMDSS) project is to develop a set of software tools for creating forest management decision support systems. This set of tools will be used to implement a prototype forest management decision support system for the Plonski forest, near Kirkland Lake, Ontario. There are three critical ingredients in building the FMDSS, these are: (1) knowledge of the decision making process, (2) knowledge of the forest, and (3) the functionality of underlying support technology. The growing maturity of the underlying technology provides a tremendous opportunity to develop decision support tools. However, a significant obstacle to building FMDSS has been the diffuse nature of knowledge about forest management decision making processes, and about the forest ecosystem itself. Often this knowledge is spread widely among foresters, technicians, policy makers, and scientists, or is in a form that is not easily amenable to the decision support process. This has created a heavy burden on the project team to gather and collate the knowledge so that it could be incorporated into the function and design of the system. It will be difficult to gauge the success of this exercise until users obtain the software and begin to experiment with its use.

226.
NAL Call No.: SD143.N6
FORSOM: a spreadsheet-based forest planning model.
Leefers, L. A.; Robinson, J. W. North-J-Appl-For v.7(1): p.46-47. (1990 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: forest-management; planning; computer-software; simulation-models; optimization; forest-simulation-optimization-model

227.
NAL Call No.: 64.8-C883
Fractional integrated stomatal opening to control water stress in the field.
Fiscus, E. L.; Mahbub Ul Alam, A. N. M.; Hirasawa, T. Crop-Sci v.31(4): p.1001-1008. (1991 July-1991 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; water-stress; mass-flow; porometers; automatic- irrigation-systems; leaf-water-potential; leaf-conductance; grain; crop-yield; canopy; temperature; kernels; weight; yield-components; correlated-traits; stomatal-resistance; colorado; crop-water-stress-index

Abstract: The usefulness of totally automated irrigation control systems is well established. Mass-flow porometers can be used as the sensing and feedback elements to implement such a system for the experimental control of water stress in the field. This study was conducted to determine if consistent relationships could be established between the mass-flow readings and other water-related physiological parameters. A range of stress conditions were imposed on plots of corn (Zea mays L.) by the system during the 1986 and 1987 field seasons in Greeley, CO. Midday leaf xylem water potential, leaf diffusive conductance, and year-end grain yields were measured during both years. In 1987, additional measurements were made of the infrared canopy temperature for calculating the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI), and individual kernel weights and numbers, to determine the components of the grain yield predictions observed in 1986. Reductions in the number of kernels produced per unit land area were associated with stress-induced delays of silking relative to pollen shed. Additional yield reductions in some treatments were attributable to reduced weight per kernel. Significant correlations were found between the mass-flow sensors and grain yield and CWSI. The relationship between grain yield and stomatal conductance was consistent over both years, suggesting that the cumulative mean conductance may be useful as a yield predictor.

228.
NAL Call No.: HD1.A3
A framework for crop growth simulation model applications.
Thornton, P. K.; Dent, J. B.; Bacsi, Z. Agric-Syst v.37(4): p.327-340. (1991)
Includes references.
Descriptors: maize; wheat; soybeans; peanuts; technology-transfer; computer-software; growth-models; simulation-models; farm-inputs; weather-data; soil; field-size; varieties; fertilizers; irrigation; timing; establishment; international-benchmark-sites-network-for-agrotechnology-transfer-project; decision-support-system-for-agrotechnology-transfer-dssat- computer-software

229.
NAL Call No.: Q184.R4
Functional patterns in an annual grassland during an AVIRIS overflight.
Gamon, J. A.; Field, C. B.; Roberts, D. A.; Ustin, S. L.; Valentini, R. Remote-Sensing-Environ v.44(2/3): p.239-253. (1993 May-1993 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: grasslands; annuals; image-processors; vegetation; spatial-distribution; plant-physiology; productivity; canopy; remote-sensing; california; airborne-visible; infrared-imaging-spectrometer

230.
NAL Call No.: S544.3.N9C46
GARDPLAN.
Smith, R. C.; Egeberg, R.; Askew, R. G.; Franklund, D. NDSU-Ext-Serv-Publ- North-Dakota-State-Univ. Fargo : The University. Mar 1986. (H-893) 4 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: gardening; vegetables; varieties; decision-making; computer-software; databases; north-dakota

231.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1990
"GEDE--GUEPARD"--an optimization software for crop production systems.
Goth, C. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs / Fedro S. Zazueta, editor. ; January 31- February 1, 1990, Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, FL. Gainesville, FL : Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, [1990]. p. 379-382.
Descriptors: crop-production; cropping-systems; computer-software

232.
NAL Call No.: 49-AN55
Genetic components of growth and ultrasonic fat depth traits in Meishan and Large White pigs and their reciprocal crosses.
Haley, C. S.; d'Agaro, E.; Ellis, M. Anim-Prod v.54(pt.1): p.105-115. (1992 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pigs; large-white; pig-breeds; crossbreeding; crossbred- progeny; unrestricted-feeding; growth-rate; age-differences; fat-thickness; heterosis; genotypes; sex-differences; feed-intake; feed-conversion; genetic- effects; litter-size; scotland

233.
NAL Call No.: 49-J82
Genetic improvement programs in livestock: swine testing and genetic evaluation system (STAGES).
Stewart, T. S.; Lofgren, D. L.; Harris, D. L.; Einstein, M. E.; Schinckel, A. P. J-Anim-Sci v.69(9): p.3882-3890. (1991 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pigs; genetic-improvement; maternal-effects; performance- recording; best-linear-unbiased-prediction; contemporary-comparisons; information-services; computer-software; growth; reproduction

Abstract: Genetic evaluations for the U.S. swine industry are conducted by the eight purebred associations of the National Association of Swine Records. Within-herd evaluations of the growth traits (days to 105 kg [market] and backfat depth) were first reported in 1986. Analyses of the maternal traits (litter size at birth and weaning, and litter 21-d weight) were inaugurated in 1987. Expected progeny differences (EPD) are. reported for all traits and for general, paternal, and maternal bioeconomic indexes. A sow productivity index combining only maternal traits is available. All records are adjusted according to National Swine Improvement Federation (NSIF) guidelines for effects such as number of pigs transferred at crossfostering and age at recorded observation prior to the BLUP evaluation. Within-herd analyses of individual contemporary groups are conducted immediately on receipt of performance records at each breed association office. All parents in the herd and the young pigs in the current group are evaluated. A report is returned to the breeder for use in herd selection and the EPD are placed in the pedigree file. The genetic base of each herd is defined as the first n tested pigs or litters, where n is the number of pigs registered annually within the herd. Change in mean EPD between groups is indicative of genetic trend. Periodic across-herd analyses are used to update interim within-herd analyses and a national sire summary is published.

234.
NAL Call No.: 23-AU783
Genetic parameters for liveweight and ultrasonic fat depth in Australian meat and dual-purpose sheep breeds.
Brash, L. D.; Fogarty, N. M.; Gilmour, A. R.; Luff, A. F. Aust-J-Agric- Res v.43(4): p.831-841. (1992)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep-breeds; liveweight; dual-purpose-breeds; fat- thickness; genetic-correlation; heritability; inbreeding; ultrasonic-fat-meters; new-south- wales

235.
NAL Call No.: 23-AU783
Genetic variation in liveweight and ultrasonic fat depth in Australian Poll Dorset sheep.
Atkins, K. D.; Murray, J. I.; Gilmour, A. R.; Luff, A. L. Aust-J-Agric- Res v.42(4): p.629-640. (1991)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep-breeds; fat-thickness; genetic-correlation; genetic-improvement; genetic-variation; heritability; liveweight; phenotypic- correlation; ultrasonics; new-south-wales; australian-poll-dorset-breed

236.
NAL Call No.: A99.9-F7632U
GENGYM: a variable density stand table projection system calibrated for mixed conifer and ponderosa pine stands in the southwest.
Edminster, C. B.; Mowrer, H. T.; Mathiasen, R. L.; Schuler, T. M.; Olsen, W. K.; Hawksworth, F. G. Res-Pap-RM-U-S-Dep-Agric-For-Serv-Rocky-Mt-For-Range-Exp- Stn. Fort Collins, Colo. : The Station. Aug 1991. (297) 32 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: mixed-forests; coniferous-forests; pinus-ponderosa; growth-models; yields; models; computer-software; arizona; new-mexico; colorado; generalized-growth-and-yield-model-gengym

237.
NAL Call No.: QE48.8.Y37-1990
Geostatistics for waste management : a user's manual for the GEOPACK (version 1.0) geostatistical software system. User's manual for the GEOPACK (version 1.0) geostatistical software system.
Yates, S. R.; Yates, M. V. M. V.; Walters, D. M.; Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory. Ada, Okla. : Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, [1990] vi, 70 p. : ill., "U.S. Salinity Laboratory."
Descriptors: Geology-Statistical-methods-Software

238.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.E547
GETOH--a computer program for evaluation of on-farm alcohol production.
Ogilvie, J. R. Energy-World-Agric. Amsterdam : Elsevier. 1992. v. 5 p. 281- 317.
In the series analytic: Analysis of Agricultural Energy Systems / edited by R.M. Peart and R.C. Brook.
Descriptors: ethanol-production; computer-software; energy- requirements; fuels; liquids; costs; processing; energy-consumption

239.
NAL Call No.: aSD11.A48
GIS database design for industrial forest management.
Murphy, D. L. Gen-Tech-Rep-INT-U-S-Dep-Agric-For-Serv-Intermt-Res-Stn. Ogden, Utah : The Station. Feb. 1989. (257) p. 114-119.
Paper presented at the Symposium on "Land Classifications Based on Vegetation: Applications for Resource Management," November 17-19, 1987, Moscow, Idaho.
Descriptors: forest-management; databases; computer-software; geographic-information-system-computer-software

240.
NAL Call No.: SF951.E62
Grass management and anlaysis.
Hintz, H. F. Equine-Pract v.12(10): p.5-6. (1990 Nov.-1990 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: grasses; endophytes; spectroscopy; nutrient-uptake; grassland-management; near-infrared-reflectance-spectroscopy

241.
NAL Call No.: 100-Or3M-no.872
GRASSFAT. GRASSFAT computer software.
Riggs, W.; Griffith, D.; Oregon State University. Extension Service. Corvallis, Or. : Oregon State University Extension Service, [1991]. 11 p. : ill., "GRASSFAT is a microcompuiter [sic] program designed to help producers compare the economics of alternative production and marketing strategies ..."
Descriptors: Cattle-Computer-programs; Cattle-Marketing-Computer- programs

242.
NAL Call No.: S1.N32
Grow the MAX with the minimum: program shows profit, environment go hand in hand.
Erb, K.; Cramer, C. New-Farm v.14(5): p.12. (1992 July-1992 Aug.)
Descriptors: sustainability; computer-software; cost-benefit-analysis; farm-inputs; erosion; losses-from-soil-systems; costs; crop-yield

243.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Growth prediction of lettuce plants by image processing.
Shibata, T.; Iwao, K.; Takano, T. Acta-Hortic v.2(319): p.689-694. (1992 Oct.)
Paper presented at the International Symposium on Transplant Production Systems- -Biological, Engineering and Socioeconomics Aspects, July 21-26, 1992, Yokohama, Japan.
Descriptors: lactuca-sativa; growth; measurement; weight; crop-yield; prediction; computer-techniques; crop-yield; prediction; computer-techniques; microcomputers; image-processors; leaf-area; top-fresh-weight

244.
NAL Call No.: 281.9-C81Ae-no.91-2
A guide to processing dairy farm business summaries in county and regional extension offices for Micro DFBS V 2.5, IBM PC, XT and IBM- compatible microcomputers. Micro DFBS.
Putnam, L. D.; Knoblauch, W. A.; Smith, S. F.; New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. Dept. of Agricultural Economics. Ithaca, N.Y. : Dept. of Agricultural Economics, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, [1991] 94 p., Cover title.
Descriptors: Dairy-farms-New-York-State-Management-Computer-programs

245.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32T
GX: a smalltalk-based platform for greenhouse environment control. I. Modeling and managing the physical system.
Gauthier, L. Trans-A-S-A-E v.35(6): p.2003-2009. ill. (1992 Nov.-1992 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: greenhouses; environmental-control; computer-programming; computer-software

Abstract: Protected cultivation allows the production of crops under very diverse conditions. The afferent technologies, however, can be complex and costly. Hence, the effectiveness of greenhouse systems, both from economical and technical points of view, depends more and more upon the availability of sophisticated, on-line and automated decision-making systems capable of dynamically optimizing the underlying processes. Such systems have to be able to intervene in a number of areas such as crop protection, climate control, crop nutrition, and operational and strategic planning. In other words, the automated control system that takes charge, in part or in whole, of a greenhouse production system needs to draw upon a considerable body of knowledge in order to be effective. In this article, a conceptual and operational framework (GX) supporting the representation and management of real and virtual entities used or found in greenhouses is described. It was designed to support various types of digital process controllers as well as the creation and deployment of knowledge-based control strategies. GX makes use of the object-oriented paradigm as expressed in the Smalltalk programming system. It has been used as a simulation platform and for the real time monitoring and control of a greenhouse range. The GX programming environment is extensible. It can accommodate a wide variety of situations and provides a semantically rich environment for the design and operation of knowledge-based greenhouse control systems.

246.
NAL Call No.: S671.A66
Hardware for microcomputer control of the environment of a production broiler house.
Allison, J. M.; White, J. M. Appl-Eng-Agric v.7(1): p.119-123. (1991 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: poultry-housing; broilers; broiler-production; controlled-atmospheres; microcomputers; environmental-control

Abstract: A microcomputer-based system to control the environment of a totally enclosed broiler house was developed and tested. The system was installed in an existing producer owned broiler house. Environmental control was provided for the seven-week grow-out of the flock. This article describes the microcomputer hardware and modifications to the structure and existing hardware required to make the control system reliable, functional, and to assure continued operation if the microcomputer or electronic interfaces should fail.

247.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32P
Harvest planning using cruise/buck.
Olsen, E. D.; Pilkerton, S.; Garland, J. J. PAP-AMER-SOC-AGRIC-ENG. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. Summer 1989. (89-7070) 12 p.
Paper presented at the 1989 International Summer meeting, June 25-28, 1989, Quebec, PQ, Canada.
Descriptors: forestry-engineering; logging; microcomputers; computer- aided-cruising

248.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
A hazelnut pest management expert system.
Drapek, R. J.; Calkin, J. A.; Fisher, G. C. Acta-Hortic (276): p.21-25. (1990 July)
Paper presented at the "Second International Symposium on Computer Modelling in Fruit Research and Orchard Management," September 5- 8, 1989, Logan, Utah.
Descriptors: corylus-avellana; insect-control; plant-disease-control; expert-systems

Abstract: An expert system (HAZLPEST) was developed for insect and disease pest management on hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.). This program is divided into four distinct sub-programs: insect identification, insect monitoring and control, insecticide selection, and disease management. Discussions are included on problems arising from the inclusion of pesticide information in agricultural software, the cost effectiveness of pest management expert system production, and on problems associated with distributing computer software to users with a wide range of hardware capabilities.

249.
NAL Call No.: 44.8-J822
Heat stress and milk production in the South Carolina coastal plains.
Linvill, D. E.; Pardue, F. E. J-Dairy-Sci v.75(9): p.2598-2604. (1992 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dairy-cows; heat-stress; milk-production; computer- software; computer-simulation; milk-yield; south-carolina

Abstract: A model developed for the South Carolina coastal plains relates hours with temperature-humidity index values above 74 and 80 to summer season daily milk production. When tested on an independent production data set for 1985, the root mean square model error was less than 1.3 kg/d per cow. The model can be used to develop expected summer season dairy production climatologies. Realtime milk production forecasts obtained using daily predicted maximum and minimum temperatures can be used in herd management to reduce effects of heat stress on productivity.

250.
NAL Call No.: 4-AM34P
HERB: decision model for postemergence weed control in soybean.
Wilkerson, G. G.; Modena, S. A.; Coble, H. D. Agron-J v.83(2): p.413- 417. (1991 Mar.-1991 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: glycine-max; weed-control; chemical-control; decision- making; economic-thresholds; herbicides; computer-software; microcomputers; crop- yield; yield-losses; crop-weed-competition; returns

Abstract: To efficiently use postemergence herbicides, decision makers must determine when weed populations exceed economic treatment thresholds. An interactive microcomputer program named HERB has been developed to help evaluate potential crop damage from multi-species weed complexes in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and determine the appropriate course of action. Seventy-six weed species were rated on a scale of zero to 10 according to their competitiveness with soybean. Potential yield loss is estimated from these rankings, the number of weeds of each species present in the field, and expected weed-free yield. The recommendation whether to apply a herbicide and, if so, which one, is based on herbicide cost and efficacies under different conditions and expected soybean selling price. Alternative herbicide choices are ranked according to expected net return. HERB is intended to provide the latest research information in an organized and easily usable format. The approach should be applicable to other crops and pests.

251.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
HERBICIDE ADVISOR: a decision support system to optimise atrazine and chlorsulfuron activity and crop safety.
Ferris, I. G.; Frecker, T. C.; Haigh, B. M.; Durrant, S. Comput-Electron- Agric v.6(4): p.295-317. (1992 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: atrazine; chlorsulfuron; computer-software; simulation- models; weather-forecasting; expert-systems; efficiency; safety; flow-charts; databases; extension; decision-making; australia; weather-generator

252.
NAL Call No.: S544.3.M9E23
Herd performance evaluation templates.
Griffith, D.; Brownson, R. EB-Mont-State-Univ-Ext-Serv. Bozeman, Mont. : The Service. July 1988. (31) 27 p.
Descriptors: beef-cows; reproductive-performance; computer-analysis; computer- software

253.
NAL Call No.: SF955.E6
Hoof and distal limb surface temperature in the normal pony under constant and changing ambient temperatures.
Mogg, K. C.; Pollitt, C. C. Equine-Vet-J v.24(2): p.134-139. (1992 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: horses; limbs; hooves; temperature; sensors; metacarpus; thermography; limb-bones

254.
NAL Call No.: T174.3.J68
Human safety risk in automated information systems.
Chick, M. J. J-Technol-Transfer v.10(2): p.43-52. (1986 Spring)
Includes references.
Descriptors: information-systems; safety; risk; public-health; computer-techniques; technology-transfer

Abstract: This article discusses the complex problems involved in minimizing risks when applying automated information systems to functions that can affect human safety and lives, and limitations on the way technological risk is assessed in todays environment. It calls for policies at the highest levels and research on management approaches to providing a focus for evaluating and solving automated information system problems causing failure and for applying the automated systems in a manner that will minimize the potential for harm to individuals. The author also believes it to be very important that problems presented are disclosed to information managers that may be part of the decision-making on what and how much to automate, and also those involved in other technologies and functions that use automated information at their core. Automated information systems (computers and telecommunications) have changed our everyday life. Because of fast changing technology and creative software development, beneficial computer applications in business, education, scientific applications, and personal use now prevail. With automated information systems, our society has increased productivity, saved money, and has made possible many things previously considered impossible. In general, society has benefitted from increased automation of information.

255.
NAL Call No.: 99.8-F768
HW-BUCK game improves hardwood bucking skills.
Pickens, J. B.; Lyon, G. W.; Lee, A.; Frayer, W. E. J-For v.91(8): p.42-45. (1993 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: hardwoods; log-breakdown-methods; optimization; computer- software; computer-simulation

256.
NAL Call No.: QA76.76.E95A5
IDEA: intelligent data retrieval in English for Agriculture.
Jones, L. R.; Spahr, S. L. AI-Appl-Nat-Resour-Manage v.5(1): p.56-66. (1991)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dairy-farming; information-retrieval; microcomputers; databases; languages; information-storage; dictionaries; semantic-aproach

257.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
IMAG decision-support system for tree nurseries.
Lookeren Campagne, P. v.; Annevelink, E. Acta-Hortic (295): p.209-221. (1991 May)
Paper presented at the "23rd International Horticultural Congress on Horticultural Economics and Marketing," August 27-September 1, 1990, Florence, Italy.
Descriptors: forest-nurseries; computer-software; decision-making; boomcompas-computer-software; institute-of-agricultural-engineering

258.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
Image-guidance for robotic harvesting of micropropagated plants.
McFarlane, N. J. B. Comput-Electron-Agric v.8(1): p.43-56. (1993 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: micropropagation; robots; mechanical-harvesting; imagery; computers; algorithms

259.
NAL Call No.: SD143.S64
Implementing and integrating multi-resource models in geographic information systems.
Arthaud, G. J. Proc-Soc-Am-For-Natl-Conv p.597-598. (1991)
Meeting held Aug 4-7, 1991, San Francisco, California.
Descriptors: resource-management; models; geographical-distribution; computer-software; wildlife; habitats; recreation; multiple-land-use; logging; minnesota

260.
NAL Call No.: 1.962-C5T71
Improved container sowing with an electronically controlled optical seeder.
Wenny, D. L.; Edson, J. L. Tree-Plant-Notes-U-S-Dep-Agric-For-Serv v.42(3): p.4-8. (1991 Summer)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pot-culture; container-grown-plants; sowing; machinery; electrical-control; conifers; forest-nurseries; seeding-machinery

261.
NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Improved pesticide rate conversions.
Fitzpatrick, G. E.; Verkade, S. D. HortScience v.26(3): p.313. (1991 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pesticides; application-rates; planting-stock; microcomputers; computer-software; container-grown-plants; programmable- calculators

262.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1988
Improving financial management competency and computer skills of extension professionals.
Piernot, B. L. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S Zazueta p.754-758. (of Florida, [1988?].)
Meeting held February 10-11, 1988 at Lake Buenavista, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: financial-planning; training; extension-agents; microcomputers; skills; texas

263.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
Incorporating non-numeric and subjective information in investment decision models for farmers.
Monke, J. D.; Sherrick, B. J.; Sonka, S. T. Comput-Electron-Agric v.7(3): p.203-217. (1992 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: farmers; investment; information-needs; decision-making; computer-software; microcomputers; stochastic-processes; data-analysis; farm- management; spreadsheets; decision-aids

264.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
An indexed-hash algorithm for an agrometeorological data management system.
Wang, Y. B.; Mack, T. P. Comput-Electron-Agric v.8(2): p.105-115. (1993 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: meteorology; algorithms; microcomputers; databases; comparisons

265.
NAL Call No.: S671.A33
An industry view of engineering research needs for livestock.
Blackshaw, J. K. Agric-Eng-Aust v.19(1): p.14-15. (1990)
Descriptors: livestock; handling; agricultural-engineering; research; sheep; shearing; pig-housing; transport; ultrasonic-devices; australia

266.
NAL Call No.: 44.8-J824
Influence of milk fat higher in unsaturated fatty acids on the acccuracy of milk fat analyses by the mid-infrared spectroscopic method.
Stegeman, G. A.; Baer, R. J.; Schingoethe, D. J.; Casper, D. P. J-Food- Prot v.54(11): p.890-893. (1991 Nov.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: milk-fat; food-composition; unsaturated-fatty-acids; acids; laboratory-methods; accuracy

Abstract: An experiment was conducted to investigate the reliability of milk fat measurement by the mid-infrared spectroscopic method when analyzing milk fat containing greater than normal amounts of unsaturated fatty acids. Sixteen mid-lactation Holstein cows were divided into four treatments including a control (C), control with bovine somatotropin (C+), bovine somatotropin and added dietary fat from sunflower seeds (Sun+), or bovine somatotropin and added dietary fat from safflower seeds (Saff+). Milks were sampled weekly for 16 weeks (n = 256). Unsaturated fatty acid percentages in milk fat were 25.0, 28.4. 39.6, and 37.9 for C, C+, Sun+, and Saff+ treatments, respectively. Milk fat percentages measured by the Mojonnier fat extraction and mid-infrared spectroscopic methods were 2.99, 2.97; 3.06, 3.01; 2.73, 2.56: and 2.86, 2.74 for C, C+. Sun+, and Saff+ treatments, respectively. Results indicate the mid- infrared spectroscopic method underestimates the fat content in milk which is higher in unsaturated fatty acids. Dairy producers feeding diets with added fat from unsaturated fat sources may be underpaid for milk fat content when the milk is analyzed by the mid-infrared spectroscopic method. A possible remedy for this problem may be to have milk plants calibrate the mid- infrared spectroscopic instrument with milk samples containing higher than normal amounts of unsaturated fatty acids in milk fat.

267.
NAL Call No.: QH540.J6
An information management technology program for ex ante nutrient loss reduction from farms.
Lemberg, B.; McSweeney, W. T.; Lanyon, L. E. J-Environ-Qual v.21(4): p.574-578. (1992 Oct.-1992 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dairy-farms; fertilizers; fertilizer-requirement- determination; nutrients; losses-from-soil; use-efficiency; farm-management; environmental- impact; economic-impact; information-systems; computer-software; water-resources; environmental-protection

Abstract: Reducing nutrient losses from farms to the environment can be done before or after the nutrients have been applied to the fields. If effective best management practices can be implemented before nutrients are applied (ex ante), difficult and uncertain remedial management practices can be avoided. The relative environmental and economic consequences of an information management technology program were compared under two contrasting water resource protection perspectives by linear programming simulation of a dairy farm. The information program was based on measuring the amount of materials transferred to and from the fields as crops and manure, and the sampling and analyses of those materials. Potential N losses to the environment were reduced substantially and costs of the information management program were generally more than offset by the savings in fertilizer expenditures compared to the outcome when no credit was given to manure nutrients in the fertilization of farm crops. Exacting requirements for nutrient utilization under a restrictive water resource protection perspective resulted in only a fraction of the total manure produced being spread on the farm fields, however. The negative economic impart of this limitation was potentially much greater than the costs to implement the information management technology program. Standards for both the extent of the information required to adequately meet the environmental expectations and the acceptable range of the expectations must be established if the management practice is to be feasible and successful.

268.
NAL Call No.: 280.8-J822
Information technology, coordination, and competitiveness in the food and agribusiness sector.
Streeter, D. H.; Sonka, S. T.; Hudson, M. A. Am-J-Agric-Econ v.73(5): p.1465-1475. (1991 Dec.)
Paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Agricultural Economics Association, August 4-7, 1991, Manhattan, Kansas. Discussions by M.L. Cook and M.E. Bredahl, p. 1472-1473 and D.A. Mefford, p. 1474-1475.
Descriptors: agribusiness; food-industry; information; technology; market-competition; coordination; consumers; production; marketing; agricultural- economists

269.
NAL Call No.: aSD11.U56
Informs-TX overview.
Williams, S. B. Gen-Tech-Rep-NE-U-S-Dep-Agric-For-Serv-Northeast-For-Exp- Stn (175): p.85-92. (1993 June)
Paper presented at a workshop on "Spatial Analysis and Forest Pest Management," Apr 27-30, 1992, Mountain Lakes, Virginia.
Descriptors: forest-resources; resource-management; integrated- systems; geographical-information-systems; databases; computer-software; integrated-forest-resource-management-system

270.
NAL Call No.: S612.2.N38-1990
Infrared telemetry and tensiometers--a closed loop irrigation management tool.
Feuer, L. Visions of the future proceedings of the Third National Irrigation Symposium held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International Irrigation Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza, Phoenix, Arizona. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers, c1990.. p. 583- 588.
Includes references.
Descriptors: irrigation-requirements; irrigation-scheduling; telemetry; tensiometers; water-management

271.
NAL Call No.: SD1.S34
Infrared thermography as a means of assessing seedling quality.
Orlander, G.; Egnell, G.; Forsen, S. Scand-J-For-Res v.4(2): p.215-222. ill. (1989)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pinus-sylvestris; picea-abies; seedlings; transpiration; temperatures; infrared-radiation; heat-production; measurement

272.
NAL Call No.: 41.8-C163
Infrared thermography of pigs with known genotypes for stress susceptibility in relation to pork quality.
Schaefer, A. L.; Jones, S. D. M.; Murray, A. C.; Sather, A. P.; Tong, A. K. W. Can-J-Anim-Sci v.69(2): p.491-495. ill. (1989 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pigs; body-temperature; measurement; pork; meat-quality; stress; susceptibility; genotypes

273.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
An integrated computer instructional approach to improve dairy cattle estrus detection.
Johnson, P. J.; Oltenacu, P. A.; Ferguson, J. D. Comput-Electron-Agric v.7(1): p.61-70. (1992 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dairy-cattle; estrus; computer-simulation; computer- assisted-instruction; learning-ability; computer-software; flow-charts; animal- husbandry; farm-management

274.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1988
Integrated county information management in a multi-vendor environment.
Dyche, J. R. Jr.; Smith, G. E. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S Zazueta p.890-895. (of Florida, [1988?].)
Meeting held February 10-11, 1988 at Lake Buenavista, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: microcomputers; information-systems; integration; extension; indiana

275.
NAL Call No.: SD143.S64
An integrated hierarchical planning system for Navajo Nation forest lands.
Wood, D. B.; Covington, W. W. Proc-Soc-Am-For-Natl-Conv p.369-373. (1991)
Meeting held Aug 4-7, 1991, San Francisco, California.
Descriptors: forest-management; planning; models; american-indians; resource-management; computer-software; arizona

276.
NAL Call No.: S544.3.N9C46
Integrated reproductive management. II. Economics of beef cattle production practices.
Eide, W.; Wohlgemuth, K.; Toman, N. NDSU-Ext-Serv-Publ-North-Dakota-State- Univ. Fargo, N.D. : The University. Oct 1982. (AS-772) 5 p.
Descriptors: beef-cattle; beef-production; cost-benefit-analysis; statistics; computer-software

277.
NAL Call No.: SD143.S64
Integrated resource management on the Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation: a case study in collaboration and self-determination.
Harris, R. R. Proc-Soc-Am-For-Natl-Conv p.578-579. (1991)
Meeting held Aug 4-7, 1991, San Francisco, California.
Descriptors: resource-management; planning; models; computer-software; american-indians; forest-management; california

278.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32P
Integrated software for managing potato production decisions.
Stevenson, W. R.; Curwen, D.; Binning, L.; Wyman, J.; Koenig, J.; Rice, G.; Schmidt, R.; Zajda, J. PAP-AMER-SOC-AGRIC-ENG. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. Winter 1990. (90-7560) 5 p.
Paper presented at the "1990 International Winter Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers," December 18-21, 1990, Chicago, Illinois.
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; crop-management; crop-production; expert-systems; pcm-potato-crop-management-software

279.
NAL Call No.: S539.5.J68
An integrated systems approach to potato crop management.
Connell, T. R.; Koenig, J. P.; Stevenson, W. R.; Kelling, K. A.; Curwen, D.; Wyman, J. A.; Binning, L. K. J-Prod-Agric v.4(4): p.453-460. (1991 Oct.-1991 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; cultivars; crop-management; integrated-systems; integrated-pest-management; integrated-control; weed- control; insect- control; plant-disease-control; irrigation; ammonium-nitrate; pesticides; productivity; production-costs; returns; crop-yield; environmental- impact; emergence; irrigation-scheduling; computer-software; computer-analysis; monitoring; petioles; plant-analysis; nitrate; agricultural- chemicals; environmental-factors; wisconsin

280.
NAL Call No.: 99.8-F7632
Integration of geographic information systems with a diagnostic wind field model for fire managemnent.
Zack, J. A.; Minnich, R. A. For-Sci v.37(2): p.560-573. (1991 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: wildfires; forest-fires; fire-behavior; wind; models; information-systems; krissy-model

Abstract: The past 10 years have seen an increased interest in diagnostic wind modeling efforts in the fields of air pollution research and wind energy engineering. Applications relating wind to forest fire behavior are also beginning to capitalize on computer-generated outputs from wind models. Most wind model outputs have been considered useful only as intermediate data files loaded into specialized software packages for further processing. Output data are used to generate various output products without being passed into sophisticated mathematical models. With the developed technology of geographic information systems (GIS), new map products can be created. If designed properly, these maps can pass information more efficiently to both the decision maker and the GIS for further analysis. The methods used to create and edit topographic and meteorological databases, display the results of the KRISSY diagnostic wind field model, and perform analyses on the topography and estimated wind field are described.

281.
NAL Call No.: QA76.76.E95A5
Integration of simulation models and an expert system for management of rangeland grasshoppers.
Berry, J. S.; Kemp, W. P.; Onsager, J. A. AI-Appl-Nat-Resour-Manage v.5(1): p.1-14. (1991)
Includes references.
Descriptors: rangelands; insect-pests; acrididae; insect-control; information-services; decision-making; microcomputers; expert-systems; simulation- models; integration; support-systems; western-states-of-usa

282.
NAL Call No.: 325.28-P56
Interactive boundary delineation of agricultural lands using graphics workstations.
Cheng, T. D.; Angelici, G. L.; Slye, R. E.; Ma, M. Photogramm-Eng-Remote- Sensing v.58(10): p.1439-1443. (1992 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: agricultural-land; crops; land-use; statistical-data; usda; aerial-photography; domestic-production; crop-production; livestock- farming; computer-software; image-processors; landsat; automation; missouri; national-agricultural-statistics-service; sampling-units; computer-assisted- stratification-and-sampling-procedures

283.
NAL Call No.: aSD11.U56
The interactive impact of forest site and stand attributes and logging technology on stand management.
LeDoux, C. B.; Baumgras, J. E. Gen-Tech-Rep-NE-U-S-Dep-Agric-For-Serv- Northeast-For-Exp-Stn (148): p.148-156. (1991 Mar.)
Paper present at the 8th Central Hardwood Forest Conference, March 4-6, 1991, University Park, Pennsylvania.
Descriptors: forest-management; computer-simulation; simulation- models; harvesting; site-factors; hardwoods; manage-computer-software

284.
NAL Call No.: TC801.I66
Introducing monitoring and evaluation into main system management--a low investment approach.
Bird, J. D. Irrig-Drain-Syst-Int-J v.5(1): p.43-60. (1991 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: irrigation-systems; performance-appraisals; irrigation- water; water-management; water-distribution; microcomputers; monitoring; sri- lanka

285.
NAL Call No.: Q184.R4
Inversion of surface parameters from passive microwave measurements over a soybean field.
Wigneron, J. P.; Kerr, Y.; Chanzy, A.; Jin, Y. Q. Remote-Sensing- Environ v.46(1): p.61-72. (1993 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: glycine-max; crops; biomass; monitoring; soil-water; microwave-radiation; emission; remote-sensing; models; france

286.
NAL Call No.: SB599.U6-[no.]-43
IR-thermography of canopy temperatures of wheat and barley at different nitrogen fertilization and irrigation.
Nilsson, H. E. Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 1987. 49 p. : ill., Summary in Swedish. Bibliography: p. 8.

287.
NAL Call No.: S544.3.N6N62
Irrigation of peanuts.
Sneed, R. E. AG-N-C-Agric-Ext-Serv-N-C-State-Univ (331,rev.): p.100- 112. (1991 Dec.)
In the series analytic: 1992 Peanuts.
Descriptors: arachis-hypogaea; irrigation; irrigation-equipment; field-tests; irrigation-systems; irrigation-requirements; pesticides; law; state-government; computer-software; north-carolina

288.
NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Irrigation regimes affect leaf yield and water use by turnip and mustard.
Smittle, D.; Dickens, W. L.; Stansell, J. R.; Simonne, E. HortScience v.27(4): p.308-310. (1992 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: brassica-campestris; brassica-juncea; irrigation- scheduling; water-use; models; evapotranspiration; soil-water-content; soil- water-regimes; crop-yield; leaves; pan-evaporation

Abstract: Turnip (Brassica rapa L.) and mustard (Brassica juncea L.) were grown in drainage lysimeters under controlled soil water regimes during 2 years. Irrigation regimes consisted of water applications when the soil water tension at a 10-cm depth exceeded 25, 50, or 75 kPa throughout growth of the two crops on two soil types during spring and fall production seasons. Leaf yield and water use were highest when irrigation was applied at 25 kPa soil water tension. Regression equations are presented to describe the relationships of daily pan evaporation and water use to plant age, and to compute daily evapotranspiration : pan evaporation ratios (crop factors) during spring and fall production seasons.

289.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32T
Irrigation scheduling of spring wheat using infrared thermometry.
Stegman, E. C.; Soderlund, M. Trans-A-S-A-E v.35(1): p.143-152. (1992 Jan.-1992 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: triticum; cultivars; irrigation-scheduling; infrared- imagery; thermometers; water-management; north-dakota; marshall-cultivar; wheaton-cultivar

Abstract: Irrigation scheduling for spring wheat requires information on different irrigation timing methods. Irrigation timing based on allowable root zone available water depletion and selected crop water stress index (CWSI) thresholds were evaluated in terms of their effect on spring wheat yield. A field study was conducted at Oakes, North Dakota in 1987 and 1988 on a Maddock sandy loam soil with two varieties of spring wheat (Marshall and Wheaton) using a split plot randomized lock design. Irrigation was metered to each plot using trickle irrigation tubing. Neutron soil water measurements along with a water balance model were used to time irrigations that were based on different allowed root zone depletions. Infrared thermometer sensors (IRT) were used to measure in situ canopy temperatures and along with measured climatic information were used to time irrigations using the CWSI approach. Additionally, crop phenological stages and final grain yield were measured. The non-stressed water baselines necessary for the CWSI differed between the two seasons but were similar to those from previous studies. The CWSI methods were feasible from the Feekes scale S4 (beginning pseudo-stem) to S11.2 (mealy ripe). Minimal yield reductions were observed using the CWSI method for thresholds less than 0.4-0.5 during this period. Minimal yield reductions were observed by maintaining the root zone allowable depletion below 50%. The grain yield-evapotranspiration (ET) relationship was linear in both years but with different slopes and intercepts. When analyzed on a relative basis to maximum ET (ET(m)), a single relationship fit both years' data with a yield sensitivity factor of 1.58. Irrigations timed at CWSI = 0.5 reduced seasonal water application by 18% relative to treatments irrigated at CWSI = 0.2.

290.
NAL Call No.: SB121.I57-1992
Issues in robotic system design for transplant production systems.
Simonton, W. Transplant production systems proceedings of the International Symposium on Transplant Production Systems, Yokokama, Japan, 21-26 July 1992 / edited by K Kurata and T Kozai. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992.. p. 103-115.
Includes references.
Descriptors: transplanting; robots; automation

291.
NAL Call No.: 251.8-R32
Joint adoption of microcomputer technologies: an analysis of farmers' decisions.
Huffman, W. E.; Mercier, S. Rev-Econ-Stat v.73(3): p.541-545. (1991 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: microcomputers; farm-management; innovation-adoption; decision-making; econometric-models; farm-helper-services; iowa

292.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
Kalman filter and an example of its use to detect changes in poultry production responses.
Roush, W. B.; Tomiyama, K.; Garnaoui, K. H.; D'Alfonso, T. H.; Cravener, T. L. Comput-Electron-Agric v.6(4): p.347-356. (1992 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: hens; feed-intake; monitoring; algorithms; change; production; computer-software; noise

293.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Kiwifruit nutrition management service: A mathematical model and database for commercial consultancy.
Buwalda, J. G.; Smith, G. S. Acta-Hortic (276): p.79-86. (1990 July)
Paper presented at the "Second International Symposium on Computer Modelling in Fruit Research and Orchard Management," September 5- 8, 1989, Logan, Utah.
Descriptors: kiwifruits; actinidia-deliciosa; databases; nutrition- information; support-systems; new-zealand

Abstract: A mathematical model linked to a database, known as the Kiwifruit Nutrition Management Service (KNMS), has been developed for delivery of nutrition management advice to the kiwifruit industry in New Zealand. The model summarises nutrient fluxes within the orchard ecosystem and hence derives a budget of fertiliser requirements. Monitoring of the orchard nutrient status, with leaf and soil analysis, provides further refinement of the fertiliser programme, as well as early detection of nutrient disorders. Fertiliser quantities required to correct any disorders are similarly calculated according to a budget. This paper summarises the structure and operation of this system for delivering nutrition management advice. A database stores relevant orchard data and orchard-specific recommendations. The fertiliser budget accounts for uptake, efficiency of fertiliser recovery, cycling within the orchard, and any previous disorders. The major advantage of this new method for nutrition management is orchard- specificity. The information gathered over time within the database provides an increasingly complete description of nutrient dynamics within individual orchards, so that recommendations become increasingly precise. The database also becomes the focal point for identifying limitations to yield. This database is now becoming an increasingly valuable research resource, for examining nutrient dynamics within individual orchards and general nutrition relationships for kiwifruit. In the first year of operation, the KNMS database helped define a relationship between soil sulphur content and vine potassium status. The KNMS database is now developing as an integral component of additional consultancy packages. The KNMS is operated on a microcomputer (IBM- compatible), employing the database management system SIR ("Scientific Information Retrieval"). Data is submitted by growers through consultants to the scientists maintaining the KNMS database, and recommendations are computed and returned via the consultants.

294.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1988
A knowledge-based, decision-support system for grading carcass beef.
Chen, Y. R.; Robinson, S. A. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S Zazueta, AB Del Bottcher, eds p.107-112. (of Florida, [1988?].)
Conference held February 10-11, 1988 at the Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: carcass-grading; beef; support-systems; computer-software

295.
NAL Call No.: S671.A66
Knowledge-based system for environmental design of stream modifications.
Shields, F. D. Jr.; Aziz, N. M. Appl-Eng-Agric v.8(4): p.553-562. (1992 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: watershed-management; streams; modification; expert- systems; erosion-control; flood-control

Abstract: A knowledge-based, microcomputer software package was developed for preliminary selection of environmental features for use with streambank protection projects, straightened and enlarged channels, and flood control levees. The system contains a module for each of the three major alteration types: bank protection, levees, and channels. Each module queries the user for information regarding environmental factors to be protected and a description of the project setting, with the internal logic configured to minimize the number of questions asked. System output consists of a list of environmental design features suitable for the specific location and descriptive information. Help screens explain why certain questions are asked, define terms, and suggest responses or sources of information. At the conclusion of a consultation, additional help screens may be displayed that provide a discussion of each recommended feature, a list of existing projects that incorporate the feature, and a bibliography. The streambank protection module screens a master list of 20 methods based on the dominant erosion mechanisms operative at the project site, and the channel module performs a rough channel stability assessment using regime equations. The latest version of the software aids in feature selection, but does not design channel alterations. However, the software interfaces with routines that perform basic hydraulic computations (e.g., composite roughness, normal depth, riprap size) for steady flow in order to allow users to quickly evaluate feasibility of in-channel environmental features. A survey of users indicated that the package has been used by entry- level and experienced professionals to perform a limited range of specialized tasks. Seventy-four percent of the users described the software as a useful instrument for planning and preliminary design.

296.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32T
A knowledge-based system for insecticide management for rice crops.
Gupta, C. P.; Suryanto, H. Trans-A-S-A-E v.36(2): p.585-591. (1993 Mar.-1993 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: oryza-sativa; insect-control; insecticides; sprayers; computer-software; droplet-size; mathematical-models; tropical-asia; basic- computer-program

Abstract: A knowledge-based system was developed using an expert system shell to help farmers in insecticide management for rice crops for tropical Asian countries. It has 72 rules for recommending insecticides and an external program written in BASIC for selecting sprayers. Insecticides are recommended based on the type of insect, symptoms, economic threshold, cost, and the effectiveness of chemical. An attempt was made to face this system with a real problem of rice leaf folder. Field experiments have been performed to evaluate the program's recommendations for controlling the rice leaf folder. The program should be expanded for other major rice insects before it is used by farmers. An external program for sprayer selection has been developed. Sprayer selection is based on droplet size, deposition efficiency, capacity, and operating cost. Laboratory and field experiments using manually carried sprayers were to provide data required by the user.

297.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
Knowledge engineering approaches in developing expert simulation systems.
Batchelor, W. D.; McClendon, R. W.; Wetzstein, M. E. Comput-Electron- Agric v.7(2): p.97-107. (1992 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: soybeans; insect-pests; pest-management; expert-systems; crops; growth; simulation-models; knowledge; engineering; comparisons; evaluation; validity; case-studies; smartsoy-computer-software; soygro- simulation-models

298.
NAL Call No.: SB476.G7
Landscape software.
Rogers, M. Grounds-Maint v.27(7): p.42, 44, 48, 65. (1992 July)
Descriptors: landscape-gardening; landscape; design; landscaping; computer-software

299.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Laser photoacoustics: a novel method for ethylene determination in plant physiological studies.
Woltering, E. J.; Harren, F.; Bicanic, D. D. Acta-Hortic (261): p.201- 208. (1989 Dec.)
Paper presented at the "Fourth International Symposium on Postharvest Physiology of Ornamental Plants," / edited by S. Mayak, March 20-25, 1988, Herzliya, Israel.
Descriptors: cymbidium; oncidium; phalaenopsis; epidendrum; cut- flowers; emasculation; effects; ethylene-production; analytical-methods; plant- physiology

300.
NAL Call No.: 382-P56
Latitudinal and seasonal variation in calculated ultraviolet-B irradiance for rice-growing regions of Asia.
Bachelet, D.; Barnes, P. W.; Brown, D.; Brown, M. Photochem-Photobiol v.54(3): p.411-422. (1991 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: oryza-sativa; agricultural-geography; latitude; seasonal- variation; ultraviolet-radiation; clouds; asia; cloud-cover

Abstract: Ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280-320 nm) irradiance was calculated for more than 1200 sites in Asia to characterize the spatial and temporal variation in the present UV-B climate for rice-growing regions. The analytical model of Green et al. (Photochem. Photobiol. 31, 59-65, 1980) was used to compute UV-B irradiance for clear skies using satellite-observed ozone column thickness and local elevation data. Ground-based observations of cloud cover were then used to approximate the average effect of cloud cover on UV-B irradiance using the approach of Johnson et al. (Photochem. Photobiol. 23, 179- 188, 1976). Over the geographic range of rice cultivation, the maximum daily effective UV-B irradiance (UV- BBE), When weighted according to a general plant action spectrum, was found to vary approx. 2.5-fold under both clear and cloudy sky conditions. Under clear skies, the timing of maximum solar UV-BBE changed with latitude and varied from February-March near the equator to July-August at temperate locations. Cloud cover was found to alter the season of maximum UV-BBE in many tropical regions, due to the pronounced monsoonal climate, but had little effect on UV-B seasonality at higher latitudes. Under a climate resulting from a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide, estimated UV-B using predicted cloud cover was found to change by up to 17% from present conditions in Thailand. Both latitudinal and seasonal variation in solar UV-B radiation may be important aspects of the UV-B climate for rice as cultivars differ in sensitivity to UV-B and are grown under diverse conditions and locations.

301.
NAL Call No.: 44.8-J822
LEARNREPRO: a computer-assisted training program for teaching dairy reproduction management.
Johnson, P. J.; Oltenacu, P. A.; Blake, R. W. J-Dairy-Sci v.75(8): p.2288-2293. (1992 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dairy-herds; dairy-education; reproductive-performance; records; computer-assisted-instruction

Abstract: LEARNREPRO consists of three computer software packages that were developed to improve dairy reproductive problem-solving skills by college students, professionals, and farmers. Tutorial drill and practice, and simulation approaches are utilized. The module REPRO-MEASURES covers six common DHI measures of herd reproductive performance. The USE-OF-RECORDS module integrates information from the previous module while presenting additional problem-solving strategies needed to analyze DHI reproductive records. The ESTRUS-DETECTION module addresses effective estrus detection strategies. User surveys have demonstrated the need for more use of this instructional approach. Educators are encouraged to use these modules and also to develop additional computer teaching programs to facilitate the development of problem-solving skills.

302.
NAL Call No.: SD143.S64
The legacy forest approach: application of geographical decision support for integrated resource management.
Covington, W. W.; Wood, D. B. Proc-Soc-Am-For-Natl-Conv p.374-378. (1991)
Meeting held Aug 4-7, 1991, San Francisco, California.
Descriptors: forest-management; logging; planning; models; computer- software; resource-management; arizona; environmental-preservation

303.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C68-1992
Leveraging farmer exposure to farm management software through agricultural input dealers.
Jacobsen, R. M.; Dahl, B. L.; Larson, L. D.; Watt, D. J. Computers in agricultural extension programs proceedings of the 4th international conference, 28-31 January 1992, Orlando, Florida / sponspored by the Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers, c1992.. p. 736-739.
Includes references.
Descriptors: farm-management; computer-software; support-systems; extension; usa

304.
NAL Call No.: DISS-F1991032
Linking X-band radar backscattering and optical reflectance with crop growth models.
Bouman, B. A. M. Wageningen [Netherlands] : Landbouwuniversiteit te Wageningen, [1991] 169 p. : ill., Summary in English and Dutch.
Descriptors: Agriculture-Remote-sensing

305.
NAL Call No.: 49-J82
Live animal measurement of carcass traits: estimation of genetic parameters of beef cattle.
Robinson, D. L.; Hammond, K.; McDonald, C. A. J-Anim-Sci v.71(5): p.1128-1135. (1993 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: beef-cattle; sires; subcutaneous-fat; longissimus-dorsi; body-composition; equations; heritability; phenotypic-correlation; environmental- factors; genetic-correlation; ultrasonic-fat-meters

Abstract: Ultrasound measurements by trained and accredited sonographers on 9,232 Angus, Hereford, and Polled Hereford cattle at an average age of 450 d were used to estimate genetic and environmental (co)variances for weight at scanning (Wt), longissimus muscle area (LMA), longissimus muscle area adjusted to a constant weight of 400 kg (LMAawt), and fat depths at the rump and 12/13 rib sites. Estimated kilograms (ESMkg) and percentage of saleable meat yield (ESM%) were also calculated and analyzed. Subjective muscle scores, available for 2,488 animals, were also included in the analysis. Estimated heritabilities were 46% for Wt, 21% for LMA and LMAawt, 37% for rump fat, 30% for rib fat, 15% for muscle score, 44% for ESMkg, and 36% for ESM%. The two measurements, LMA and LMAawt, had high genetic (.82) and environmental (.91) correlations. The two fat depths were also highly correlated (.86 genetic; .67 environmental). Weight at scanning was moderately correlated with LMA (.45 genetic; .41 environmental). Differences between breeds could not be detected, but some variation in parameter estimates between data sets of the same breed was observed. Environmental correlations between fat depths or muscle score and Wt were approximately .3; genetic correlations were .07 to .12. Subjective muscle score had marginally higher genetic correlations with LMA than with LMAawt (.22 vs .08) but similar environmental correlations (.31 vs .27). Results show that carcass traits measured by ultrasound and predictions of meat yield have genetic variability, are moderately heritable, and that genetic progress based on genetic evaluation by mixed-model analysis can be made.

306.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32P
Low-cost, portable multi-purpose monitoring/control system.
Kay, F.; Czarick, M.; Tyson, B. PAP-AMER-SOC-AGRIC-ENG (89-3024): p.95- 103. (1989 Summer)
Paper presented at the International Summer Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers and the Canadian Society of Agricultural Engineering, June 25-28, 1989, Quebec, PQ, Canada.
Descriptors: poultry; monitoring; environment; microcomputers

307.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
Machine vision based analysis and harvest of somatic embryos.
Harrell, R. C.; Hood, C. F.; Molto, E.; Munilla, R.; Bieniek, M.; Cantliffe, D. J. Comput-Electron-Agric v.9(1): p.13-23. (1993 Aug.)
In the special issue: Computer vision / edited by J.A. Marchant and F.E. Sistler.
Descriptors: somatic-embryogenesis; mechanical-harvesting; maturity

308.
NAL Call No.: S596.7.M62-1991
Maize phasic development.
Kiniry, J. R. Modeling plant and soil systems / John Hanks and JT Ritchie, co-editors. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy, 1991.. p. 55- 70.
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; crop-yield; mathematical-models; phenology; photoperiod; temperature; computer-software; computer-simulation

309.
NAL Call No.: SB950.A1V4
A management information system for the control of pest animals and plants in Victoria, Australia.
Backholer, J. R.; Lane, D. W. A.; Ward, E. A. Proc-Vertebr-Pest-Conf (14th): p.25-27. (1990 July)
Meeting held March 6-8, 1990, Sacramento, California.
Descriptors: weed-control; vertebrate-pests; pest-management; information-systems; microcomputers; victoria; pest-management-information- system

310.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.E547
Management strategies for low-temperature maize drying.
VanEE, G. R.; Kline, G. L. Energy-World-Agric. Amsterdam : Elsevier. 1992. v. 5 p. 117-155.
In the series analytic: Analysis of Agricultural Energy Systems / edited by R.M. Peart and R.C. Brook.
Descriptors: maize; grain-drying; drying-temperature; feasibility- studies; crop-production; harvesters; simulation-models; computer-software; usa; faldry-simulation-models

311.
NAL Call No.: 49-J82
Management systems for Holstein steers that utilize alfalfa silage and improve carcass value.
Ainslie, S. J.; Fox, D. G.; Perry, T. C. J-Anim-Sci v.70(9): p.2643- 2651. (1992 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: steers; holstein-friesian; alfalfa-silage; grazing- experiments; cattle-feeding; zeranol; trenbolone; estradiol; concentrates; diet; liveweight- gain; feed-intake; dry-matter; feed-conversion-efficiency; carcass- composition; meat-cuts; metabolizable-energy

Abstract: Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of two- phase feeding systems using alfalfa silage or pasture on the performance and carcass characteristics of Holstein steers. During the growing phase (98 d) of Trial 1, steers received alfalfa silage at either 40, 22, or 7% of the DMI. During the growing phase of Trial 2, steers received alfalfa silage at either 39 or 8% of their DMI (140 d) or grazed an orchardgrass/ryegrass pasture (175 d). During the finishing phase, all steers received a 90% concentrate diet until they reached a small degree of marbling at the 12th rib as predicted by ultrasonic attenuation. In Trial 1, one-half were initially implanted with zeranol and reimplanted with trenbolone acetate and estradiol (TBA+E) after 98 d. In Trial 2, one-half were implanted twice with TBA+E at a 120-d interval. Trial 1 average daily gains (kilograms) for the 40, 22, and 7% alfalfa silage treatments were 1.14, 1.25, and 1.38 in Period 1 (all different from each other at P < .05); 1.31, 1,34, and 1.19 in Period 2; and 1.25, 1.25, and 1.26 overall. Trial 2 average daily gains (kilograms) for the 39, 8, and pasture treatments were 1.50, 1.71, and 92 for Period 1 (all different from each other at P < .05); .93, .75, 1.11 for Period 2 (all different from each other at P < .05); and 1.16, 1.17, and 1.03 overall (pasture different at P < .05). No consistent effects of diet or implant on carcass characteristics were observed. When cattle were implanted with TBA+E, daily gain and feed efficiency improved by l6% (P < .10) and 11% (P < .10), respectively.

312.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C68-1992
Managing feeder calf sales with PC-File+.
Osborne, R. R.; Osborne, P. I. Computers in agricultural extension programs proceedings of the 4th international conference, 28-31 January 1992, Orlando, Florida / sponspored by the Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers, c1992.. p. 91-94.
Includes references.
Descriptors: calves; marketing; computer-techniques; computer- software; west-virginia

313.
NAL Call No.: 56.8-J822
Managing the land: a technology perspective.
Shaw, R. R. J-Soil-Water-Conserv v.46(6): p.406-408. (1991 Nov.-1991 Dec.)
Descriptors: land-management; technology-transfer; remote-sensing; information-systems; computer-software; usda; water-management; soil- conservation; geographic-information-systems; u; s; -soil-conservation-service

314.
NAL Call No.: SF391.P55
MANEX: a computer program for recording and management of experimental data from a pig research farm.
Buron, G.; Lechevallier, M.; Gatel, F. Pig-News-Inf v.11(4): p.527-532. (1990 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pigs; computer-software; data-collection; information- storage; farrowing; body-weight; feed-intake; growth-rate

315.
NAL Call No.: 275.29-OK41C
Marketing.
Ward, C. E. Circ-E-Okla-State-Univ-Coop-Ext-Serv (826,rev.): p.51-57. (1991 Apr.)
In series analytic: Alfalfa integrated management in Oklahoma.
Descriptors: medicago-sativa; hay; marketing; computer-software; quality-standards; prices; statistics; oklahoma; haymarket

316.
NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Mathematical indices for comparing small fruit crops for harvest time and trait similarity.
Khanizadeh, S.; Fanous, M. A. HortScience v.27(4): p.346-348. (1992 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: small-fruits; fragaria-ananassa; harvesting-date; ripening; maturation-period; genotypes; cultivars; earliness; evaluation; comparisons; mathematical-models; computer-software

Abstract: Three mathematical indices were developed to estimate: 1) potential for early dollar return or early ripening (IE), 2) concentrated cropping (IC), and 3) deviation similarity of a genotype to known cultivars (ID). Early ripening genotypes with high yield early in the season will have larger IE values than late genotypes with lower yield early in the season. Genotypes with few harvests will have larger IC values than those requiring several harvests. The ID index helps to identify and group genotypes with similar characteristics. These indices condense numerous values or arrays of traits into single index values, thereby simplifying genotype comparisons.

317.
NAL Call No.: QL391.N4J62
Maximizing the potential of cropping systems for nematode management.
Noe, J. P.; Sasser, J. N.; Imbriani, J. L. J-Nematol v.23(3): p.353- 361. (1991 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: gossypium-hirsutum; glycine-max; hoplolaimus-columbus; nematode-control; rotation; cropping-systems; population-density; yield-losses

Abstract: Quantitative techniques were used to analyze and determine optimal potential profitability of 3-year rotations of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum cv. Coker 315, and soybean, Glycine max cv. Centennial, with increasing population densities of Hoplolaimus columbus. Data collected from naturally infested on-farm research plots were combined with economic information to construct a microcomputer spreadsheet analysis of the cropping system. Nonlinear mathematical functions were fitted to field data to represent damage functions and population dynamic curves. Maximum yield losses due to H. columbus were estimated to be 20 on cotton and 42% on soybean. Maximum at harvest population densities were calculated to be 182/100 cm3 soil for cotton and 149/100 cm3 soil for soybean. Projected net incomes ranged from a $17.74/ha net loss for the soybean-cotton-soybean sequence to a net profit of $46.80/ha for the cotton- soybean-cotton sequence. The relative profitability of various rotations changed as nematode densities increased, indicating economic thresholds for recommending alternative crop sequences. The utility and power of quantitative optimization was demonstrated for comparisons of rotations under different economic assumptions and with other management alternatives.

318.
NAL Call No.: SF55.A78A7
The measurement of fat thickness in live cattle with an ultrasonic device as a predictor of carcass composition.
Mitsuhashi, T.; Mitsumoto, M.; Yamashita, Y.; Ozawa, S. Asian-Australasian- J-Anim-Sci v.3(4): p.263-267. (1990 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: beef-cattle; japanese-black; ultrasonic-fat-meters; carcass-composition; prediction; japan

319.
NAL Call No.: 58.8-J82
A measurement technique for yield mapping of corn silage.
Vansichen, R.; Baerdemaeker, J. d. J-Agric-Eng-Res v.55(1): p.1-10. (1993 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; maize-silage; mechanical-harvesting; crop- yield; measurement; harvesters; mapping; recording-instruments; yield-map; spatial-yield-variation

Abstract: Yield mapping may form an important part of an in-field site-specific crop production system, both for the spatial analysis of production efficiency and for the determination of spatially optimized application rates for fertilizer and sowing of seed. The objective of the work reported here, was to apply the principle of yield mapping to whole crop harvesting corn silage. The yield measurement is based on the continuous recording of the material flowrate through harvesting machine, the machine driving speed and the machine location in the field. For the flowrate measurement, the shaft of the material blower and the drive shaft of the base unit powering the cutterhead, feedrolls and front attachement, were instrumented with strain gauge torque transducers. Within the calibration range, the signals of these sensors showed a linear relationship to the flowrate. The harvester was also equipped with a speed radar and a data acquisition system based on a personal computer. The location tracking of the machine was done by integrating the machine speed and manual recording of the machine path in the field. The construction of a yield map, from the recorded signals, included several digital signal processing operations. The resulting map of a 1.2 ha corn silage field showed spatial yield variation from 1.2 to 4.8 kg/m2 with average of 3.2 kg/m2 and standard deviation of 0.64 kg/m2.

320.
NAL Call No.: S544.3.O5O5
Measuring carcass traits in live hogs.
Luce, W. G. OSU-Ext-Facts-Coop-Ext-Serv-Okla-State-Univ. Stillwater, Okla. : The Service. Apr 1991. (3662,rev.) 2 p.
Descriptors: pigs; carcass-grading; live-estimation; backfat; probes; ultrasonic-fat-meters

321.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C68-1992
Megabucks: a computerized educational tool for farm management analysis.
Sell, R. S.; Stearns, L. D.; Dahl, B. L.; Larson, L. D.; Watt, D. L. Computers in agricultural extension programs proceedings of the 4th international conference, 28-31 January 1992, Orlando, Florida / sponspored by the Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers, c1992.. p. 231-234.
Includes references.
Descriptors: farm-management; analysis; teaching-materials; computer- software

322.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32T
Melon material properties and finite element analysis of melon compression with application to robot gripping.
Cardenas Weber, M.; Stroshine, R. L.; Haghighi, K.; Edan, Y. Trans-A-S-A- E v.34(3): p.920-929. (1991 May-1991 June)
Literature review.
Descriptors: cucumis-melo; handling; loading; robots; melons; elasticity; finite-element-analysis; physical-properties; stress-analysis; simulation- models; literature-reviews

Abstract: The moduli of elasticity of the inner, middle, and outer portions of melon flesh (Cucumis melo reticulatus L. cv. 'Superstar') were determined using flat plate compression of cylindrical samples. The modulus of elasticity of the melon rind was determined using a tensile loading test. These values were used in a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of melon compression. The FEA predictions for deformations resulting from flat plat loading of half a melon were within 11% (average error) of the values measured in an Instron compression test at a strain rate of 25.4 mm/min. After this verification procedure, the FEA was used to predict the internal stresses and the deformations of melons handled by two types of robot grippers: a parallel plate gripper and a v-v notch gripper. The maximum equivalent stresses of 66 kPa (9.6 psi) and 28.2 kPa (4.1 psi) for the parallel plate and v-v-notch gripper, respectively, were located near the surface of the melon at the point of load application. These are well below the experimentally determined ultimate strength of the melon tissue, which was 132 kPa (19.1 psi) for the outer melon flesh. Effect on bruising could not be predicted because failure criteria for bruising were not available.

323.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
A message system to integrate diverse programs and databases in a farm decision support system.
Parsons, D. J.; Randle, D. G. Comput-Electron-Agric v.8(2): p.117-127. (1993 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dairy-farms; farm-management; farm-planning; databases; decision-making; computer-software

324.
NAL Call No.: 450-AN7
A method for analysing plant architecture as it relates to fruit quality using three-dimensional computer graphics.
Smith, G. S.; Curtis, J. P.; Edwards, C. M. Ann-Bot v.70(3): p.265-269. (1992 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: actinidia-deliciosa; plant-morphology; fruits; spatial- distribution; computer-analysis; canopy; computer-graphics; crop-quality; computer- software; mapit-software

Abstract: A method was developed for the spatial analysis of plant architecture as it relates to the within-plant variation in the physical, chemical, and postharvest characteristics of the fruit. Computer graphics were used to reconstruct the architectural framework and spatial arrangement of the fruit in the canopy of kiwifruit vines (Actinidia deliciosa) trained on two different support structures. An infra-red beam theodolite was used to obtain the spatial coordinates of the vines components. The data files generated by the theodolite were in turn used with software specifically written for the project (MAPIT - Microcomputer Aided Plant Imaging Technology) to provide a 3- dimensional reconstruction of the original vines. Each fruit was colour coded so that extremes in their attributes could be easily identified and accurately located in the canopy of the vine. Patterns were clearly discernible for both the pergola and T-bar trained vines. The heavier fruit were located at the apical ends of the canes, while greater soluble solids concentrations were associated with the smaller fruit located closer to the cordon. These patterns were consistent for all of the vines examined. The use of the theodolite coupled with the computer graphics described in this paper provides a rapid and objective means of accurately describing plant architecture.

325.
NAL Call No.: S481.R4
A method for creating custom-made standard area diagrams to assess crop pest damage.
Wall, G. C.; Wall, P. L. Res-Ext-Ser-Coll-Trop-Agric-Hum-Resour-Univ-Hawaii- Coop-Ext-Serv (134): p.26-28. (1991 Dec.)
Proceedings of the 1989 ADAP Crop Protection Conference, held May 18-19, 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii.
Descriptors: capsicum; xanthomonas-campestris-pv -vesicatoria; manihot-esculenta; xanthomonas-campestris-pv-manihotis; crop-damage; computer- hardware; computer-software; guam

326.
NAL Call No.: 99.9-F7662J
A method for determining the cost of manufacturing individual logs into lumber.
Howard, A. F. For-Prod-J v.43(1): p.67-71. (1993 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: logs; sawmilling; variable-costs; fixed-costs

Abstract: A method is proposed for determining sawmill variable costs for individual logs and computing total fixed costs of manufacturing lumber. The methodology is based on standard accounting practices and the principles of production economics. Processing time functions are derived for each machine center, a detailed cost analysis is completed for the mill, and the data are combined to estimate log variable costs and mill fixed costs. The methodology was applied to a case study mill in the interior of British Columbia to compute the variable costs for a range of log diameters typically processed at the mill. Application of the procedures can help in the maximization of profits at sawmills by insuring that only logs with positive contributions to profits are sawn.

327.
NAL Call No.: S544.3.M9E23
Methods and procedures for machinery management and enterprise budgeting.
Griffith, D. EB-Mont-State-Univ-Ext-Serv. Bozeman, Mont. : The Service. Aug 1989. (52) 37 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: farm-machinery; farm-budgeting; computer-software; farm- management

328.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1988
Microcomputer aided land productivity assessment.
Robert, P. C.; Anderson, J. L. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S Zazueta, AB Del Bottcher, eds p.64-69. (of Florida, [1988?].)
Conference held February 10-11, 1988 at the Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: land-productivity; assessment; microcomputers; computer- techniques

329.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32P
A microcomputer-based double crop machinery management model.
Allison, J. M. Jr.; McClendon, R. W.; Wetzstein, M. E. PAP-AMER-SOC-AGRIC- ENG. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. Summer 1989. (89-1019) 19 p.
Paper presented at the 1989 International Summer Meeting, June 25-28, 1989, Quebec, PQ, Canada.
Descriptors: farm-machinery; double-cropping; computer-simulation

330.
NAL Call No.: 4-AM34P
Microcomputer-based experiment management system. II. Data analysis.
Loussaert, D. Agron-J v.84(2): p.256-259. (1992 Mar.-1992 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: experiments; research; computer-analysis; data-analysis; computer-software; microcomputers; analysis-of-covariance; analysis-of-variance; regression-analysis; student's-test; least-squares

Abstract: Microcomputer-based statistical analysis can provide a convenient, inexpensive means of data analysis. Computer software has been developed to complement a general experiment management system. The software will perform analysis of variance, with or without covariant analysis, of data arranged in various experimental designs. Regression analysis, best fit regression and multiple regression analysis can also be conducted with this software. Data can be input as a continuation of complementary experiment management software or entered through a text file. The treatment means can be grouped in any combination of treatments or treatment interactions desired and comparisons may be made using Least Significant Difference comparisons, a Student's t-probability matrix, or specific treatment means may be pooled to make specific comparisons. This system provides a convenient means of doing lower level statistical comparisons using an IBM/compatible computer.

331.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C68-1992
A microcomputer based farm accounting & business analysis program.
Vogelsmeier, B.; Hein, N.; Ehlmann, G. Computers in agricultural extension programs proceedings of the 4th international conference, 28-31 January 1992, Orlando, Florida / sponspored by the Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers, c1992.. p. 37-42.
Includes references.
Descriptors: farm-accounting; farm-enterprises; analysis; computer- software; missouri; management-information-records-mir

332.
NAL Call No.: 41.8-V641
A microcomputer model for predicting output from beef suckler herds.
Menzies, F. D. Vet-Rec-J-Br-Vet-Assoc v.130(1): p.9-12. (1992 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: beef-herds; beef-production; prediction; simulation- models; computer-simulation

333.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1988
Microcomputer models as teaching aids in extension: reseed-the economics of alfalfa reestablishment.
Hesterman, O. B.; Hilker, J. H.; Black, J. R.; Durling, J. C. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S Zazueta, AB Del Bottcher, eds p.378-383. (of Florida, [1988?].)
Conference held February 10-11, 1988 at the Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: computer-assisted-instruction; alfalfa; crop- establishment

334.
NAL Call No.: aSD11.U57
Microcomputer software for predicting growth of southern timber stands.
Farrar, R. M. Jr. Gen-Tech-Rep-SO-U-S-Dep-Agric-For-Serv-South-For-Exp-Stn. New Orleans, La. : The Station. May 1992. (89) 19 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: pinus; populus; growth; yields; prediction; computer- software; microcomputers; computer-simulation

335.
NAL Call No.: S565.7.E74-1990
Microcomputers on the farm : getting started. 2nd ed.
Erickson, D. E. 1.; Hinton, R. A.; Szoke, R. D. 1. Ames : Iowa State University Press, 1990. viii, 99 p. : ill., Includes index.
Descriptors: Farm-management-Data-processing; Microcomputers

336.
NAL Call No.: S590.S68
MicroLEIS: a microcomputer-based Mediterranean land evaluation information system.
Rosa, D. d. l.; Moreno, J. A.; Garcia, L. V.; Almorza, J. Soil-Use- Manage v.8(2): p.89-96. (1992 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: land-evaluation; information-systems; computer- techniques; microcomputers; mediterranean-climate

Abstract: A computer-based land evaluation information system (MicroLEIS) was developed for optimal use of agricultural and forestry land systems under Mediterranean conditions. Through an interactive procedure several land capability, suitability and yield prediction methods may be applied. The system addresses land evaluation at reconnaissance, semi-detailed and detailed scales in an interrelated manner. Biophysical land evaluation methods are incorporated using empirical, scale-appropriate models, which range from purely qualitative (reconnaissance) through semi- quantitative (semi-detailed) to quantitative (detailed). This software is helpful for teaching, research and development, predicting appropriate agroforestry land uses. Its use is illustrated by an example. MicroLEIS runs on IBM PC, XT, AT, or a compatible microcomputer with at least 128 kilobytes of RAM and a PC-DOS or MS-DOS version 2.0 or later operating system. The software package on double or high density diskettes can be obtained from the first author.

337.
NAL Call No.: SF955.E6
Microwave thermography: a non-invasive technique for investigation of injury of the superficial digital flexor tendon in the horse.
Marr, C. M. Equine-Vet-J v.24(4): p.269-273. (1992 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: horses; tendons; trauma; thermography; microwave- treatment; ultrasonography

338.
NAL Call No.: Q184.R4
Microwave vegetation indexes for detecting biomass and water conditions of agricultural crops.
Paloscia, S.; Pampaloni, P. Remote-Sensing-Environ v.40(1): p.15-26. (1992 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: remote-sensing; crops; canopy; microwave-radiation; emission; temperature; vegetation; indexes; radiometers; plants; biophysics; moisture-content; surfaces; biomass; detection; polarization; models; thermal- infrared-imagery; measurement; leaf-area-index; normalized-temperatures; polarization-indexes

339.
NAL Call No.: S539.5.J68
Milk per acre spreadsheet for combining yield and quality into a single term.
Undersander, D. J.; Howard, W. T.; Shaver, R. D. J-prod-agric v.6(2): p.231-235. (1993 Apr.-1993 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dairy-cows; milk-yield; milk-production; forage; crop- yield; crop-quality; animal-production; prices; computer-techniques; computer- analysis; computer-software; cost-benefit-analysis; milk-production-costs; milk90

340.
NAL Call No.: 472-N42
Milking automation for all its worth.
Blankesteijn, H.; Clery, D. New-Sci v.133(1806): p.27. (1992 Feb.)
Descriptors: milking-machines; robots; proloin

341.
NAL Call No.: S27.A3
A mobile workstation for use in an integrated pest management program on the Russian wheat aphid.
Legg, D. E.; Bennett, L. E. Great-Plains-Agric-Counc-Publ (142): p.66- 69. (1992)
Proceedings of the Fifth Russian Wheat Aphid Conference, January 26-28, 1992, Fort Worth, Texas.
Descriptors: diuraphis-noxia; integrated-pest-management; computer- hardware; computer-software

342.
NAL Call No.: Q184.R4
A model for backscattering characteristics of tall prairie grass canopies at microwave frequencies.
Bakhtiari, S.; Zoughi, R. Remote-Sensing-Environ v.36(2): p.137-147. (1991 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: prairies; grasslands; canopy; models; microwave- radiation; frequency; remote-sensing; attenuation

343.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
A model for the diurnal course of air temperature: pomological applications.
Rojas Martinez, R.; Hernandez Herrera, A.; Garza Gutierrez, R. Acta- Hortic (276): p.209-213. (1990 July)
Paper presented at the "Second International Symposium on Computer Modelling in Fruit Research and Orchard Management," September 5- 8, 1989, Logan, Utah.
Descriptors: pome-fruits; air-temperature; growth; mathematical- models; mexico

Abstract: A refinement of the Parton and Logan (1981) model for the diurnal course of air temperature was validated under subtropical Mexican conditions. The refined model was run against 757 non-consecutive daily temperature curves taken from thermograph records. The two equations of the model had average coefficients of determination (r(2) of 0.96 and 0.90, respectively. Both the standard error of temperature estimation and the absolute error of temperature estimation averaged less than 1 degrees C. When the refinement of the Parton and Logan model was used to calculate Chill Units under subtropical Mexican conditions and compared against the approach used by Richardson, et al. it gave a mean percentage error of 5% compared with an error of 24% for the Richardson method.

344.
NAL Call No.: SB191.M2C44-1986
Model inputs.
Ritchie, J. T.; Kiniry, J. R.; Jones, C. A.; Dyke, P. T. CERES-Maize a simulation model of maize growth and development / edited by CA Jones and JR Kiniry with contributions by PT Dyke [et al]. 1st ed. : College Station : Texas A&M University Press, 1986.. p. 37-48.
Descriptors: zea-mays; soil-water-balance; simulation-models; soil-water- content; roots; genetics; computer-software

345.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32P
Modeling nutrients in runoff from potato fields using creams.
Wiyo, K.; Madramootoo, C. A.; Enright, P.; Bastien, C. PAP-AMER-SOC-AGRIC- ENG. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. Winter 1990. (90-2505) 17 p.
Paper presented at the "1990 International Winter Meeting," December 18-21, 1990, Chicago, Illinois.
Descriptors: water-quality; leaching; subsurface-drainage; computer- software; quebec; chemicals,-runoff-and-erosion-from-agricultural-management

346.
NAL Call No.: SD143.S64
Modeling the interaction of silvicultural practices, wood quality, and product value in Douglas-fir.
Briggs, D. G.; Fight, R. D. Proc-Soc-Am-For-Natl-Conv p.87-91. (1991)
Meeting held Aug 4-7, 1991, San Francisco, California.
Descriptors: pseudotsuga-menziesii; wood-properties; models; wood- products; computer-software; forest-management; usa

347.
NAL Call No.: SB599.B73
Modelling and economics.
Mckinion, J. M. Monograph-Br-Crop-Prot-Counc (43): p.205-215. (1989)
In the series analytic: Progress and prospects in insect control / edited by N.R. McFarlane. Proceedings of an international conference, September 18-20, 1989, Reading, United Kingdom.
Descriptors: gossypium; crop-management; expert-systems; simulation- models; usa; comax-software

348.
NAL Call No.: HD1.A3
Modifications to the simulation model POTATO for use in New York.
Ewing, E. E.; Heym, W. D.; Batutis, E. J.; Snyder, R. G.; Khedher, M. B.; Sandlan, K. P.; Turner, A. D. Agric-Syst v.33(2): p.173-192. (1990)
Includes references.
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; cultivars; simulation-models; growth- models; modification; growth-analysis; biomass-production; photosynthesis; loam- soils; weather-data; tubers; shoots; leaf-area-index; stems; weight; physiological-age; computer-software; calibration; new-york; idaho; russet- burbank-potato; katahdin-potato; freeville,-new-york; aberdeen,-idaho; dry- weights

349.
NAL Call No.: aSD11.A42
Monitoring cold hardiness of tree seedlings by infrared thermography.
Laacke, R. J.; Weatherspoon, C. P.; Tinus, R. W. Gen-Tech-Rep-RM-Rocky-Mt- For-Range-Exp-Stn-U-S-Dep-Agric-For-Serv (137): p.97-102. (1986 Dec.)
Paper presented at a Meeting of the Combined Western Forest Nursery Council and Intermountain Nursery Association, August 12-15, 1986, Tumwater, Washington. Includes references.
Descriptors: pinus-ponderosa; picea-engelmannii; pseudotsuga- menziesii; seedlings; cold-resistance; infrared-imagery; foliage; temperature; monitoring; arizona

350.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
MOPIS: a strategic planning model for fruit farm.
Caggiati, P.; Gallerani, V.; Zanni, G. Acta-Hortic (276): p.315-322. (1990 July)
Paper presented at the "Second International Symposium on Computer Modelling in Fruit Research and Orchard Management," September 5- 8, 1989, Logan, Utah.
Descriptors: fruit; orchards; farm-planning; computer-software; simulation-models

Abstract: MOPIS (Strategic Planning Model) is designed for medium- and long-term planning in fruit farms. It is a decision support system (DSS) geared to help growers in defining more intelligently and accurately management, economic and financial strategies. Based on the principle of simulation, it relies on the feedback mechanism, i.e. decisions are made in relation to the expected results predicated on those decisions. MOPIS forecasts the consequences of selected options thereby enabling via trial and error runs of satisfactory response to a given set of conditions. It has all the DSS features: analytical comprehensiveness, flexibility of use and the capability of performing sensitivity analysis by changing the variables with the highest uncertainty levels. MOPIS is essentially a budget model the potential capability of which has been enormously upgraded, through computerization by its links to a data bank containing standard management and economic information. It is structured to determine the farm resources available at the initial planning stage as well as the management, economic, financial and marketing decisions. The consequent results are subjected to feasibility evaluation based on available resources and economic benefit and the decisions can then be modified until satisfactory results are attained. When the grower deems that a sufficient number of strategies has been weighed, the most viable plans are compared so as to choose the one most responsive to the specific goals.

351.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Multifru: multiple-criteria decision making in orchard management.
Alvisi, F.; Malagoli, C.; Regazzi, D. Acta-Hortic (313): p.233-240. (1992 Oct.)
Paper presented at the Third International Symposium on Computer Modelling in Fruit Research and Orchard Management, February 11-14, 1992, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Descriptors: fruit-crops; orchards; crop-management; decision-making; growers; computer-software; italy

352.
NAL Call No.: HC79.E5E5
Multiple-resource modeling as a tool for conservation: its applicability in Mexico.
Bojorquez Tapia, L. A.; Efolliott, P. F.; Guertin, D. P. Environ-Manage v.14(3): p.317-324. (1990 May-1990 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pinus-ponderosa; resource-conservation; environmental- legislation; computer-software; simulation-models; land-use-planning; resource- management; flow-charts; mexico; 1988-general-law-of-ecological-equilibrium-and- environmental-protection; microsim-computer-sofware

353.
NAL Call No.: 99.8-AU74
Multiple-use planning: an application of FORPLAN to an Australian forest.
McKenney, D. W. Aust-For v.53(2): p.113-123. (1990)
Includes references.
Descriptors: forest-management; planning; multiple-use; models; optimization; computer-software; forplan-forest-planning

354.
NAL Call No.: Q184.R4
Multisite analyses of spectral-biophysical data for sorghum.
Richardson, A. J.; Weigand, C. L.; Wanjura, D. F.; Dusek, D.; Steiner, J. L. Remote-Sensing-Environ. New York, N.Y. : Elsevier Science Publishing. July 1992. v.41 (1) p. 71-82.
Includes references.
Descriptors: sorghum-bicolor; leaf-area-index; spectral-data; biophysics; solar-radiation; reflectance; equations; texas; normalized- difference-vegetation-index; perpendicular-vegetation-index; near-infrared-to- red-ration-vegetation-index; transformed-soil- adjusted-vegetation-index

355.
NAL Call No.: GB746.W33
Multiwave laser biomonitoring of the aquatic environment.
Babichenko, S. M.; Lapimaa, Yu. Yu.; Poryvkina, L. V. Water-Resour v.18(6): p.638-643. (1992 Sept.)
Translated from: Vodnye Resursy, v. 18 (6), 1991, p. 162-168. (GB746.V55).
Descriptors: phytoplankton; algae; lasers; monitoring; aquatic- environment; remote-sensing; spectrometers; spectral-data; satellite-imagery; species; composition; biological-production; ecological-balance

356.
NAL Call No.: 49-J82
The National Sheep Improvement Program: a review.
Wilson, D. E.; Morrical, D. G. J-Anim-Sci v.69(9): p.3872-3881. (1991 Sept.)
Literature review.
Descriptors: sheep; genetic-improvement; performance-recording; rams; best-linear-unbiased-prediction; selection-criteria; computer-software; usa

Abstract: A nationally organized sheep improvement program for sheep producers in the United States was implemented in 1987 under the name of the National Sheep Improvement Program (NSIP). This program completed a 3-yr Phase I project on February 16, 1990, that involved the definition of a uniform set of performance guidelines, development of an NSIP records processing center with associated performance recording materials and computer software, and the enrollment of both purebred and commercial flocks. Organizers of the NSIP have defined 12 traits of economic importance to the U.S. sheep industry for genetic evaluation: number of lambs born, total ewe productivity, six growth traits, and four wool traits. Genetic evaluations are currently being conducted on a within-flock basis and will move to an across-flock, within-breed basis when sufficient genetic ties between flocks are established. The genetic evaluations use BLUP procedures and provide genetic merit values in the form of expected progeny differences for every animal in a flock.

357.
NAL Call No.: aSB130.T57-1992
Near IR and Color imaging for bruise detection on Golden Delicious apples.
Throop, J. A.; Aneshansley, D. J.; Upchurch, B. L. [1992?] 1 v. : ill., Caption title.
Descriptors: Plant-products-Postharvest-physiology; Apple-Postharvest- technology; Infrared-technology

358.
NAL Call No.: HD1773.A3N6
New applications for three-dimensional computer graphics in production economics.
Debertin, D. L.; Pagoulatos, A.; Bradford, G. L. Rev-Agric-Econ v.13(1): p.141-154. (1991 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: production-economics; production-functions; computer- graphics; computer-software; optimization; cost-analysis; constrained- optimization

Abstract: This paper illustrates the usefulness of high-resolution computer graphics to illustrate constrained optimization problems in production economics. A third degree polynomial production function reveals that for sufficiently small input levels, concave isoquants could occur within the region enclosed by the ridge lines. Another feature is the ability to reveal the function that is maximized or minimized in the constrained optimization problem and to see the linkages between the shape of the isoquants (product transformation and isocost curves) and the shape of the function being maximized in the constrained optimization problem. These techniques also permit a better understanding of the product-space counterparts to the factor space production surface. We also show that empirical analyses can benefit from computer graphics, particularly analyses employing flexible functional forms.

359.
NAL Call No.: TP669.I57
New era dawning for eastern Europe's oilseeds, fats and oils industries.
Int-News-Fats-Oils-Relat-Mater v.1(8): p.670-672, 676-677. (1990 Aug.)
Descriptors: fats; oils-and-fats-industry; computer-software; models; imports; exports; international-trade; production; eastern-europe

360.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1988
A new Italian accounting software.
Carpineti, C. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S Zazueta p.770-774. (of Florida, [1988?].)
Meeting held February 10-11, 1988 at Lake Buenavista, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: farm-management; farm-accounting; computer-software; italy

361.
NAL Call No.: 41.8-V641
A new method for bovine embryo production: a potential alternative to superovulation.
Kruip, T. A. M.; Pieterse, M. C.; Beneden, T. H. v.; Vos, P. L. A. M.; Wurth, Y. A.; Taverne, M. A. M. Vet-Rec-J-Br-Vet-Assoc v.128(9): p.208-210. ill. (1991 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cows; embryos; collection; oocytes; maturity; ultrasound; embryo-culture; immature-oocytes

362.
NAL Call No.: HC79.E5E5
A new method for predicting vegetation distributions using decision tree analysis in a geographic information system.
Moore, D. M.; Lees, B. G.; Davey, S. M. Environ-Manage v.15(1): p.59- 71. maps. (1991 Jan.-1991 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: state-forests; forest-resources; forest-management; mapping; vegetation; environmental-assessment; decision-making; models; computer- software; new-south-wales; forest-communities; kiola-state-forest,- new-south-wales; south-brooman-state-forest,-new-south-wales

363.
NAL Call No.: 442.8-AN72
New technology for cropping systems.
Milbourn, G. Ann-Appl-Biol v.120(2): p.189-195. (1992 Apr.)
Address of the President of the Association of Applied Biologists at a meeting held September 17-18, 1991, University of York.
Descriptors: crop-production; biotechnology; genetic-engineering; expert-systems; imagery; remote-sensing; uk; non-food-crop-production; robotics

364.
NAL Call No.: 1-F766FI
A new way to keep track of fire employees.
Mac Millen, K. ed. Fire-Manage-Notes-U-S-Dep-Agric-For-Serv v.52(1): p.34-36. (1991)
Descriptors: fire-fighting; personnel; computer-software; forest- fires; montana; redcard-manager

365.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Nondestructive plant mass determination by computer image analysis and microwaves.
Ernst, D.; Kuhn, W. Acta-Hortic (260): p.329-341. (1989 Sept.)
Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Growth and Yield Control in Vegetable Production," / edited by G. Vogel, May 22-25, 1989, Berlin, German Democratic Republic.
Descriptors: ficus-benjamina; dry-matter-accumulation; analytical- methods; computer-analysis; infrared-imagery; microwave-radiation; absorption

366.
NAL Call No.: SD397.H3H37
The Northeast Decision Model.
Twery, M. J. Proc-Annu-Hardwood-Symp-Hardwood-Res-Counc p.127-130. (1992)
Paper presented at a meeting on "The future of multiple user forstry in eastern hardwood forests," June 1-3, 1992, Cashiers, North Carolina.
Descriptors: forest-management; decision-making; computer-software; northeastern-states-of-usa

367.
NAL Call No.: 340.8-AG8
A note on the influence of a windbreak on plant temperature.
Thofelt, L.; Rufelt, H.; Brattemo, P. A. Agric-Forest-Meteorol v.32(1): p.1-11. ill. (1984 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: ribes-nigrum; windbreaks; temperatures; meteorological- factors; thermography

368.
NAL Call No.: S539.5.J68
NPK$PLUS: a computer program to examine agronomic and economic value of alternative fertilizer rates.
Johnson, G. V.; Nofziger, D. L. J-Prod-Agric v.5(4): p.415-420. (1992 Oct.-1992 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: fertilizers; lime; application-rates; decision-making; computer-software; economic-analysis; crop-management

369.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32T
An object-oriented field operations simulator in PROLOG.
Lal, H.; Peart, R. M.; Jones, J. W.; Shoup, W. D. Trans-A-S-A-E v.34(3): p.1031-1039. (1991 May-1991 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: farm-management; crop-production; farm-machinery; farm- workers; multiple-cropping; resource-management; simulation-models; weather; computer-software; field-experimentation; florida

Abstract: This article describes the structure, logic, and programming technique of an agricultural simulation model in Logic Programming (PROLOG) with object-oriented data structures. The model simulates field operations of multicrop production systems by estimating work based upon the available farm resources (machinery and labor) and weather on a daily basis. The conventional approach to simulation in procedural languages makes it difficult to capture the human decision patters responsible for the system's behavior. Simple approximations and averages are often used, instead. The new simulation approach facilitated representing and manipulating qualitative knowledge (heuristics) such as the manager's preferences in allocating the available resources (machinery and labor) to different operations, in addition to quantitative and procedural computations essential for simulating the system's behavior. The testing procedures for verifying the performance of the simulator and the quality of the reports produced are discussed along with the results.

370.
NAL Call No.: HD1401.A47
On-farm computers for farm management in Sweden: potentials and problems.
Ohlmer, B. Agric-Econ-J-Int-Assoc-Agric-Econ v.5(3): p.279-286. (1991 July)
In the special issue : Multidisciplinary problem-solving and subject-matter work / edited by G.L. Johnson.
Descriptors: microcomputers; farm-management; uses; comparisons; sweden

Abstract: The potential uses of on-farm computers in management and the problems in these uses are analyzed. The analysis is based on a study of present uses of on-farm computers in Sweden. The results are compared with experiences from other countries. On-farm computer owners use almost the same management methods as before the computer investment. The main difference is that they used to hire service organizations to do some of the management tasks and now they are doing it by themselves with the aid of the computer. Thus, the on-farm computer owners have to have the same knowledge level as the service agents and advisers. The use of on-farm computers has so far affected the processing and storage of data for farm management purposes. A potential next step is communication of data from external computer systems at suppliers, customers, advisers and other farmers as well as automated data capture within the farm. One hindrance for this development is the lack of standardization of data and concept definitions. If this potential was realized the marginal costs of data and information would decrease. It would be profitable to use more information in the farm management, i.e. to develop the farm management functions. When farmers develop their management methods they will need still more knowledge. Service agents and advisers would have to change from doing management tasks for farmers to teaching farmers how to do these tasks and supporting farmers in the interpretation and analysis of information.

371.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32P
On-farm testing of peanut and soybean models in north Florida.
Boote, K. J.; Bennett, J. M.; Jones, J. W.; Jowers, H. E. PAP-AMER-SOC- AGRIC-ENG. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. Summer 1989. (89-4040) 54 p.
Paper written for presentation at the 1989 International Summer Meeting American Society of Agricultural Engineering and the Canadian Society of Agricultural Engineering, June 25-28, 1989, Quebec Canada.
Descriptors: arachis-hypogaea; glycine-max; crop-production; simulation-models; computer-software; florida; pnutgro; soygro

372.
NAL Call No.: 381-J8224
On-line optimization of biotechnological processes. I. Application to open algal pond.
Guterman, H.; Ben Yaakov, S. Biotechnol-Bioeng v.35(4): p.417-426. (1990 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: algae; biotechnology; production; ponds; mathematical- models

Abstract: A new on-line optimization and control procedure applicable to biotechnological systems for which a precise mathematical model is unavailable has been developed and tested. The proposed approach is based on an online search for optimum operating conditions by an automatic system using a modified simplex algorithm to which several features have been added to permit real time operation. The simplex algorithm is the upper level of a hierarchical software package in which the other levels are cost evaluation, control, data acquisition, and signal processing. The optimization method was tested in a laboratory minipond for the cultivation of Spirulina platensis. The controlled parameters were light intensity, optical density, pH, and temperature. The proposed optimization method can be applied to other biological processes provided that the pertinent variables can be measured and controlled and the cost function can be defined mathematically.

373.
NAL Call No.: SD13.R4
ONTWIGS: a forest growth and yield projection system adapted for Ontario.
Payandeh, B.; Huynh, L. N. Inf-Rep-O-X-Can-For-Serv-Great-Lakes-For-Cent. Saulte Ste. Marie, Ont. : The Centre. 1991. (412) 15 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: forest-trees; growth; yields; projections; growth-models; models; computer-software; ontario; elstwigs

374.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
An open information system for the swine production and marketing industry: its scope, topology and telecommunication strategy.
Groeneveld, E.; Lacher, P. Comput-Electron-Agric v.7(2): p.163-185. (1992 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pigs; meat-and-livestock-industry; animal-production; information-needs; information-systems; computer-software; marketing; record- keeping; classification; telecommunications; animal-husbandry

375.
NAL Call No.: 58.8-J82
Operational planning in horticultural: optimal space allocation in pot- plant nurseries using heuristic techniques.
Annevelink, E. J-Agric-Eng-Res v.51(3): p.167-177. (1992 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: nurseries; greenhouses; pot-plants; space-requirements; optimization; production; planning; decision-making; support-systems; labor; utilization; automation; microcomputers; layout; linear-programming; dynamic- programming; algorithms; netherlands; space-allocation-planning; operational- level

Abstract: At IMAG, in Wageningen, a Decision Support System (DSS) for glasshouse nurseries has been developed, called the IMAG Production Planning system (IPP). This system focuses first on a tactical planning level and enables the grower to design a production plan, which optimizes space and labour utilization in his greenhouse. This tactical production plan, however, still has to be translated to an operational level. One of the problems involved here is determining the exact location of the planned crops in the greenhouse in each period of the plan. A space allocation plan gives these exact locations. The choice of the locations can influence the amount of internal transport and labour (for example during the spacing operation) that will be required for realizing the production plan. Other space allocation criteria are the specifications prescribed by the production process of the crop. An automated, highly interactive system for space allocation planning on the operational level is being developed for use on a personal computer. This enables the grower to design and easily change a graphical allocation plan that consists of a space- time diagram and, for each period, a layout of the compartment with the allocated crops. Construction of a space allocation plan is a complex mathematical problem because of the large number of crops with variable space requirements during their production and because of the many factors that influence the quality of the space allocation plan. A number of traditional operational research techniques, such as linear programming and dynamic programming, were found to be inadequate to solve the problem, mainly because of the enormous calculation time required. Research has therefore concentrated on finding new heuristic techniques, that will deliver a good (but not necessarily optimal) space allocation plan. One of the heuristic techniques that seems promising is the Genetic Algorithm.

376.
NAL Call No.: aSD11.A42-no.219
Operations guide for FORPLAN on microcomputers (release 13).
Kent, B. M.; Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station (Fort Collins, C. Fort Collins, Colo. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, [1992] 67 p., "September 1992."
Descriptors: FORPLAN-Computer-program; Forest-management-United- States-Computer-programs; Forests-and-forestry-United-States-Computer- programs

377.
NAL Call No.: S671.A33
Opportunities for agricultural engineering research in harvesting and processing.
Brown, W. T. Agric-Eng-Aust v.19(1): p.22-23. (1990)
Descriptors: crops; harvesting; crop-production; sheep; shearing; robots; agricultural-engineering; research; value-added; australia

378.
NAL Call No.: HC79.E5E5
Opportunity costs of implementing forest plans.
Fox, B.; Keller, M. A.; Schlosberg, A. J.; Vlahovich, J. E. Environ- Manage v.14(4): p.509. (1990 July-1990 Aug.)
Descriptors: forest-management; opportunity-costs; planning; decision- making; computer-software; ecosystems; arizona; national-forest-management-act- 1976; teams-computer-software; decision-support-systems

379.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
An optical leaf wetness sensor.
Griffioen, H.; Kornet, J. G.; Schurer, K. Acta-Hortic (304): p.127-135. (1992 Mar.)
Paper presented at the "First International Workshop on Sensors in Horticulture", January 29-31, 1991, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands.
Descriptors: pseudotsuga-menziesii; propagation; crop-management; sensors; leaves; forests; moisture-content; mathematical-models; equations

380.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1990
Optimal allocation of various quality feeds for dairy herd.
Wachenheim, C. J.; Erickson, R. W.; Borton, L. R.; Harsh, S. B. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs / Fedro S. Zazueta, editor. ; January 31- February 1, 1990, Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, FL. Gainesville, FL : Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, [1990]. p. 565- 570.
Includes references.
Descriptors: dairy-herds; feeds; costs; computer-software; dairy-herd- feed-management-program

381.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32P
Optimized design of water management systems.
Prasher, S. O.; Barrington, S. F. PAP-AMER-SOC-AGRIC-ENG. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. Summer 1989. (89-2143) 13 p.
Paper presented at the 1989 International Summer Meeting, June 25-28, 1989, Quebec, PQ, Canada.
Descriptors: water-management; design; computer-software; cost- benefit-analysis

382.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32P
Optimizing resource allocation for greenhouse potted plant production.
Fang, W.; Ting, K. C.; Giacomelli, G. A. PAP-AMER-SOC-AGRIC-ENG. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. Winter 1989. (89-7540) 16 p.
Paper presented at the "1989 International Winter Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers," December 12-15, 1989, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Descriptors: greenhouses; operations-research; computer-software

383.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32T
Optimizing resource allocation for greenhouse potted plant production.
Fang, W.; Ting, K. C.; Giacomelli, G. A. Trans-A-S-A-E v.33(4): p.1377- 1382. (1990 July-1990 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: crop-production; pot-plants; greenhouse-culture; resource-allocation; computer-software

Abstract: A procedure for studying the profitability of greenhouse potted plant production systems subject to resource constraints was developed. The constrained condition and resources were the crop production schedule, greenhouse space, labor, and budget. A database containing the information for determining the required resources and operating costs for growing various crops was established. The database also provides the estimated revenue from sales of the crops, on a per pot basis. An algorithm was developed to determine first the feasibility of a given production plan and then determine the quantities of crops to be grown in order to yield an optimum profit. The result of this algorithm may serve to optimize allocation of resources for year-round production. The algorithm along with the crop database was incorporated into a user-friendly micro-computer program.

384.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Orchard 2000: towards a decision support system for New Zealand's orchard industries.
Atkins, T. A.; Laurenson, M. R.; Mills, T. M.; Ogilvie, D. K. Acta- Hortic (313): p.173-182. (1992 Oct.)
Paper presented at the Third International Symposium on Computer Modelling in Fruit Research and Orchard Management, February 11-14, 1992, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Descriptors: malus-pumila; actinidia-deliciosa; orchards; commercial- farming; management; technology; innovation-adoption; information-technology; growers; information-systems; support-systems; decision-making; new-zealand

385.
NAL Call No.: 58.8-J82
Orientation independent machine vision classification of plant parts.
Simonton, W.; Pease, J. J-Agric-Eng-Res v.54(3): p.231-243. (1993 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: machinery; vision; ornamental-plants; cuttings; classification; image-processors

Abstract: Machine vision can be a vital tool for measuring key process parameters in many agricultural production systems, including commercial nurseries and greenhouses. One important role of machine vision in these systems may be to identify plant features and properties which allow for robotic processing, automated grading, and other tasks. A technique for identifying key features of ornamental cuttings was developed which was orientation independent, provided complete classification and interconnection of the major plant parts (e.g. main stem, petioles, and leaf blades), and relied exclusively on the morphological content of a binary image. The technique segmented a plant image into objects which could then be classified according to geometric data. Results indicated the technique was effective on geranium cutting images regardless of position or orientation. A high average percentage of total image pixels (96.6%) were classified correctly in 80 sample images tested. However, sources of error for certain misclassifications revealed limitations of this technique. Branching or fork-based segmentation can leave gaps in the geometric data required for satisfactory classification. Also, plant parts which overlap and/or occlude other parts cause conflicting geometric data which can yield classification errors. The use of spectral information may be required to extend the technique and improve robustness.

386.
NAL Call No.: 49-J82
An overview of beef cattle improvement programs in the United States.
Middleton, B. K.; Gibb, J. B. J-Anim-Sci v.69(9): p.3861-3871. (1991 Sept.)
Literature review.
Descriptors: beef-cattle; genetic-improvement; beef-breeds; breeding- programs; breeders'-associations; performance-recording; computer-software; performance-testing; usa

Abstract: A periodic review of beef improvement programs is useful as a benchmark and as an opportunity to reevaluate industry direction. The history of improvement programs is reviewed with particular emphasis on recording organizations, program financing, and technological progress. The various breed associations have become the primary suppliers of performance programs, which are largely funded through registration income. Current practices are described from the aspects of traits recorded and delivery systems to collect, analyze, and distribute the data. The unique or innovative features of several breed programs are highlighted, and conspicuous industry gaps are noted. Finally, a survey is made of the organizational, technical, and educational challenges facing beef improvement. Although increased participation in genetic improvement programs is expected, substantial efforts are needed to serve adequately the needs of a changing beef cattle industry.

387.
NAL Call No.: HD1407.C6
An overview of NEMPIS: National Economic Milk Policy Impact Simulator.
Kaiser, H. M. Cornell-Agric-Econ-Staff-Pap-Dep-Agric-Econ-Cornell-Univ- Agric-Exp-Stn. Ithaca, N.Y. : The Station. Feb 1992. (92-02) 26 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: agricultural-policy; dairy-technology; retail-prices; computer-software; simulation-models; economic-impact; usa

388.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32T
Parameter adjustment to a crop model using a sensor-based decision support system.
Thomson, S. J.; Peart, R. M.; Mishoe, J. W. Trans-A-S-A-E v.36(1): p.205-213. (1993 Jan.-1993 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: arachis-hypogaea; crop-management; decision-making; expert-systems; growth-models; sensors; simulation-models; soil-water; comax- software; modvex-software

Abstract: A knowledge-based system was developed to adjust input parameters to the soil-water and rooting components of PNUTGRO, a process- oriented peanut growth model. The system was developed to provide a better representation of temporal water status in the root zone of a growing crop. Soil water sensors provided input to adjust appropriate parameters based on interpretation of their readings. These interpretations were programmed using human expertise combined with data from peanuts grown in lysimeters. A separate expert system screened sensor readings to insure their validity before using their readings to adjust parameters. Tests of the system over one season showed that model-based representations of soil-water status converged on sensor-based representations in the soil water regulation zone as the adjusted input parameters converged on new static values early in the season.

389.
NAL Call No.: S671.A66
Parametric design with associated costs and production data of swine nurseries.
Helmink, K. J.; Christianson, L. L.; Riskowski, G. L. Appl-Eng-Agric v.7(2): p.237-247. (1991 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pig-housing; ventilation; design; costs; parametric- programming; computer-software; illinois-nursery-improvement-software

Abstract: The Illinois Nursery Improvement Software (INIS) is a computerized, parametric design aid for swine nurseries and prenurseries. INIS prepares plan and elevation drawings, specifies equipment and materials and compares ventilation options. Costs of alternative ventilation systems are calculated. Users can estimate productivity improvements (feed efficiency, health costs, gain rates, and mortality rates) that will result from improved ventilation to compare with ventilation system costs.

390.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C68-1992
The PASTURE program for determining pasture stocking rates.
Swenson, A. L.; Sedivec, K. K. Computers in agricultural extension programs proceedings of the 4th international conference, 28-31 January 1992, Orlando, Florida / sponspored by the Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers, c1992.. p. 64-69.
Includes references.
Descriptors: livestock; stocking-rate; grazing-intensity; computer- software; north-dakota

391.
NAL Call No.: HC59.7.A1W6
Performance and potential of information technology: An international perspective.
Mody, A.; Dahlman, C. World-Dev v.20(12): p.1703-1719. (1992 Dec.)
In the special issue: Diffusion of information technology: opportunities and constraints / edited by A. Mody and C. Dahlman.
Descriptors: diffusion-of-information; technology; evaluation; productivity; telecommunications

392.
NAL Call No.: 47.8-AM33P
Performance of broilers fed rations formulated by stochastic nonlinear programming or linear programming with a margin of safety.
D'Alfonso, T. H.; Roush, W. B.; Cravener, T. L. Poult-Sci v.72(4): p.620-627. (1993 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: broilers; broiler-performance; fowl-feeding; computer- software; stochastic-programming; feed-formulation; linear-programming; meat- and- bone-meal; nutrient-content; variance; production-costs

Abstract: A feeding trial compared the production of broilers fed rations formulated by linear programming (LP), linear programming with a margin of safety (LPMS), and stochastic nonlinear programming (SP). The SP and LPMS programs met requirements at a specified confidence level (CL); however, SP rations were lower in cost. Treatments included six rations (four replicates per ration with 15 birds per replicate). Variances of methionine, lysine, calcium, and phosphorus were considered. Treatments were: 1) LP; 2) SP and 3) LPMS, both with .69 CL on meeting requirements (NRC, 1984) for the specified nutrients; 4) SP and 5) LPMS, with amino acid CL increased to .90; and 6) SP identical to Treatment 4, but with meat and bone meal restrictions relaxed from 5 to 10%. The SP rations utilized both nutritionally variable ingredients (e.g., rendered by- products) and nutritionally consistent ingredients (e.g., amino acid supplements) while costing less than the equivalent LPMS rations. Birds performed the same between equivalent SP and LPMS treatments (P > .05) on the basis of body weight and feed conversion. The SP rations were more profitable than the LPMS counterparts.

393.
NAL Call No.: SD143.N6
Performing a break-even yield analysis using a microcomputer.
Blinn, C. R.; Hove, G. P. North-J-Appl-For v.8(1): p.38-41. (1991 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: forest-economics; economic-analysis; investment; microcomputers; break-even-point

394.
NAL Call No.: QL461.A52
Pest management materials databases.
Edwards, C. R. Amer-Entomol v.37(2): p.72-73. (1991 Summer)
Descriptors: databases; computer-software; extension; insect-pests; management; usa; pmmdb-software

395.
NAL Call No.: 100-M668
PigCHAMP makes champs of Minnesota producers.
Hansen, D. Minn-Sci-Agric-Exp-Stn-Univ-Minn. St. Paul, Minn. : The Station. [1992.] v. 47 (1) p. 1.
Descriptors: pigs; meat-production; factors-of-production; computer-software; computer-analysis; minnesota

396.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
Plant grading by vision using neural networks and statistics.
Brons, A.; Rabatel, G.; Ros, F.; Sevila, F.; Touzet, C. Comput-Electron- Agric v.9(1): p.25-39. (1993 Aug.)
In the special issue: Computer vision / edited by J.A. Marchant and F.E. Sistler.
Descriptors: cyclamen; imagery; grading; simulation-models

397.
NAL Call No.: Z672.I53
Plant it!--CD: a multimedia CD-ROM on ornamental horticulture.
Mason, P. R. Quar-Bull-Int-Assoc-Agric-Inf-Spec v.37(1/2): p.23-30. (1992)
IAALD Symposium on "Advances in Information Technology," September 16-20, 1991, Beltsville, Maryland.
Descriptors: ornamental-plants; horticulture; compact-discs; multimedia-instruction; expert-systems; information-storage; imagery; databases; usa; compact-disk-read-only-memory; memory-text; audio; national-agricultural- library

398.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32P
Plant production cost accounting/management (PPCAM) system.
Power, K. C.; Fitzgerald, J. B.; Meyer, G. E.; Schulte, D. D. PAP-AMER-SOC- AGRIC-ENG. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. Winter 1989. (89-7569) 6 p.
Paper presented at the 1989 International Winter Meeting, December 12-15, 1989, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Descriptors: crop-production; production-costs; computer-software

399.
NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Plant production cost-accounting/management system.
Power, K. C.; Fitzgerald, J. B.; Meyer, G. E.; Schulte, D. D. HortScience v.26(2): p.201-203. (1991 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: ornamental-plants; vegetables; crop-production; cost- analysis; production-costs; computer-software; microcomputers; greenhouse- culture; nurseries; pp-cam

Abstract: A microcomputer program has been developed to keep records on energy, labor costs, product pricing, and revenue predictions for greenhouse and nursery production. The program manages plant production data, potentially enabling the grower to improve production and profits. The grower can use the program to determine how much it costs to produce individual plants, to ascertain labor costs and where to reallocate employees. Advertising and other indirect costs can be included to determine cost of production on a per-plant or per-square-foot basis.

400.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C68-1992
PORKPLANNER: a microcomputer record keeping system for pork production.
Ahmadi, A.; Farley, J. L.; Berry, S. L. Computers in agricultural extension programs proceedings of the 4th international conference, 28-31 January 1992, Orlando, Florida / sponspored by the Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers, c1992.. p. 76-80.
Includes references.
Descriptors: pigs; animal-production; record-keeping; computer- software; porkplanner

401.
NAL Call No.: 99.8-AU74
Portable field computers in New Zealand forest management.
Gordon, A. D. Aust-For v.54(4): p.219-225. (1991)
Includes references.
Descriptors: forest-management; computers; portable-instruments; computer-software; computer-techniques; new-zealand

402.
NAL Call No.: TL796.A1C3
A potential landscape basis for the analysis of NOAA-AVHRR data.
Izaurralde, J. A.; Crown, P. H. Can-J-Remote-Sensing v.16(1): p.24-29. (1990 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: ground-cover; crops; landscape; land-use; natural- resources; spectral-data; responses; correlated-traits; objectives; discriminant-analysis; infrared-imagery; remote-sensing; alberta; agroecology; target-objects; agroecological-resource-areas

403.
NAL Call No.: 41.8-V641
Potential of infra-red thermography for the detection of summer seasonal recurrent dermatitis (sweet itch) in horses.
Braverman, Y. Vet-Rec-J-Br-Vet-Assoc v.125(14): p.372-374. ill. (1989 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: horses; dermatitis; summer; detection; infrared- photography; culicoides-imicola; disease-vectors; israel

404.
NAL Call No.: SB379.A9A9
Predicting high quality in kiwifruit.
Crisosto, C. H. Calif-Grow v.16(9): p.33-34. (1992 Sept.)
Descriptors: actinidia-deliciosa; food-quality; harvesting; consumer- preferences; ripening; nondestructive-testing; taste-panels; infrared- spectroscopy; california

405.
NAL Call No.: SB112.5.P74
Predicting maize phenology.
Kiniry, J. R.; Bonhomme, R. Predicting crop phenology / editor, Tom Hodges. Boca Raton : CRC Press, c1991.. p. 115-131.
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; crop-yield; phenology; mathematical-models; photoperiod; temperature; computer-software; computer-simulation

406.
NAL Call No.: 59.8-C333
Predicting wheat sprout damage by near-infrared reflectance analysis.
Shashikumar, K.; Hazelton, J. L.; Ryu, G. H.; Walker, C. E. Cereal-Foods- World v.38(5): p.364-366. (1993 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: wheat; preharvest-sprouting; crop-damage

407.
NAL Call No.: 382-SO12
Prediction of botanical composition in grassland herbage samples by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy.
Garcia Criado, B.; Garcia Ciudad, A.; Perez Corona, M. E. J-Sci-Food- Agric v.57(4): p.507-515. (1991)
Includes references.
Descriptors: grasslands; botanical-composition; prediction; infrared- spectroscopy

Abstract: Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was evaluated as a method to predict the botanical composition of seminatural grassland in 'dehesa' systems. Samples of herbaceous biomass were harvested over four consecutive years, determining in each-by manual separation-the proportion by weight of the following taxonomic groups: grasses, legumes and the rest of the families in a single block (others). After reconstructing the natural samples they were analysed by NIRS. One set of samples (calibration set) was selected for the development of the equations, assaying different mathematical treatments (log 1/R, first derivative and second derivative). The ranges of coefficients of multiple determination and standard errors of calibration, respectively, for the various components were: grasses, 0.86 to 0.92 and 6.66 to 9.14; legumes, 0.77 to 0.81 and 6.82 to 7.43; and 'others', 0.85 to 0.88 and 8.17 to 9.54. The remaining samples not included in the development of the NIRS equations (prediction set) were used for the purposes of validating the best equations. Standard errors of performance were: grasses, 6.12; legumes, 7.56 and 'others', 7.70.

408.
NAL Call No.: 41.8-C163
The prediction of pork carcass composition using live animal echographic measurements from the Krautkramer USK7, Ithaca Scanoprobe 731C and Aloka SSD- 210DXII Echo Camera.
Sather, A. P.; Newman, J. A.; Jones, S. D. M.; Tong, A. K. W.; Zawadski, S. M.; Colpitts, G. Can-J-Anim-Sci v.71(4): p.1001-1009. (1991 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pigs; carcass-composition; ultrasonic-devices; ultrasonics; probes; body-fat; muscles; depth; prediction; meat-yield; analogue- probes; digital-probes; real-time-ultrasonics

409.
NAL Call No.: 41.8-C163
The prediction of pork carcass composition using the Hennessy Grading Probe and the Aloka SSD-210DXII Echo Camera.
Sather, A. P.; Newman, J. A.; Jones, S. D. M.; Tong, A. K. W.; Zawadski, S. M.; Colpitts, G. Can-J-Anim-Sci v.71(4): p.993-1000. (1991 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pigs; carcass-composition; ultrasonic-devices; probes; body-fat; muscles; dimensions; prediction; meat-yield

410.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32T
PREFLO: a water management model capable of simulating preferential flow.
Workman, S. R.; Skaggs, R. W. Trans-A-S-A-E v.33(6): p.1939-1948. (1990 Nov.-1990 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: soil-water-movement; simulation-models; water-flow; water-management; water-table; computer-software; hydraulic-conductivity; runoff; preflo-software

Abstract: Preferential flow through large continuous pores affects the distribution of water in the soil profile by reducing runoff and increasing total infiltration. In this study, a water management model (PREFLO) was developed which could be used to simulate unsaturated and saturated movement of water in a soil profile in which preferential flow might occur. PREFLO is based on a one-dimensional finite difference solution to the Richards equation with a nonuniform grid spacing. Large pores are described on a macroscopic scale with vertical movement of water computed from the equation for flow in a capillary tube. Water moving from the large pores into the soil matrix via horizontal infiltration is added to the sink term in the Richards equation. Example simulations indicated that PREFLO can be a useful tool in simulating the timing, frequency, and volume of preferential flow in a soil profile. Use of hourly rainfall data and the Richards equation to simulate soil water conditions allowed the PREFLO model to predict preferential flow when infiltration into the soil matrix was limiting. Simulated water table response in soils that contain preferential flow channels was shown to be dependent on hydraulic conductivity and the number of large pores. For a simulated rainfall event on a soil with a hydraulic conductivity of 0.15 cm/h, PREFLO predicted a rapid rise of the water table caused by water ponding in the large pores. Simulations using soils with hydraulic conductivities of 0.5 cm/h and 0.8 cm/h resulted in less rapid movement of the water table. The wetting front was shown to move slowly through the soil profile for the low conductivity soil which deviates from the drained to equilibrium state assumed in DRAINMOD.

411.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1990
PRESET--a computer model for forecasting and tracking livestock and farm input prices.
RoHrig, C. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs / Fedro S. Zazueta, editor. ; January 31- February 1, 1990, Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, FL. Gainesville, FL : Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, [1990]. p. 750-755.
Includes references.
Descriptors: farm-management; livestock-farming; input-output- analysis; computer-software

412.
NAL Call No.: QH301.A76
Prevalence of pea bacterial blight in UK seeds stocks, 1986- 1990.
Roberts, S. J.; Reeves, J. C.; Biddle, A. J.; Taylor, J. D.; Higgins, P. Aspects-Appl-Biol (27): p.327-332. (1991)
In the series analytic: Production and protection of legumes / edited by R.J. Froud-Williams, P. Gladders, M.C. Heath, J.F. Jenkyn, C.M. Knott, A. Lane and D. Pink.
Descriptors: pisum-sativum; cultivars; pseudomonas-syringae-pv; -pisi; seed-testing; databases; microcomputers; uk

413.
NAL Call No.: Z672.I53
Problem solving strategies for agricultural expert systems.
Pohlmann, J. M. Quar-Bull-Int-Assoc-Agric-Inf-Spec v.37(1/2): p.107- 111. (1992)
IAALD Symposium on "Advances in Information Technology," September 16-20, 1991, Beltsville, Maryland.
Descriptors: expert-systems; agriculture; problem-solving; crop- production

414.
NAL Call No.: 100-T31M
Procedural guide for SPBDSS, the Southern Pine Beetle Decision Support System.
Saunders, M. C.; Loh, D. K.; Payne, T. L.; Rykiel, E. J. Jr.; Pulley, P. E.; Coulson, R. N.; Sharpe, P. J. H.; Hu, L. C. Misc-Publ-MP-Tex-Agric-Exp-Stn. College Station, Tex. : The Station. July 1985. (1579) 23 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: dendroctonus-frontalis; insect-control; decision-making; computer-software; forest-management

415.
NAL Call No.: 100-T31M
Procedural guide for using the interactive version of the TAMBEETLE model of southern pine beetle population and spot dynamics.
Turnbow, R. H.; Coulson, R. N.; Hu, L.; Billings, R. F. Misc-Publ-MP-Tex- Agric-Exp-Stn. College Station, Tex. : The Station. Sept 1982. (1518) 24 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: dendroctonus-frontalis; insect-control; computer- software; forest-management; models

416.
NAL Call No.: aS494.5.D3P75-1982
Proceedings from the Practitioner Workshop on Microcomputers and Agriculture Management in Developing Countries : June 3-4, 1982, Washington, D.C. Microcomputers and agriculture management in developing countries.
Practitioner Workshop on Microcomputers and Agriculture Management in Developing Countries (1982 : Washington, D. C. Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Office of International Cooperation and Development, 1982. 27 leaves, "Organized by the Development Project Management Center (DPMC) in the Technical Assistance Division of the Office of International Cooperation and Development, USDA."
Descriptors: Agriculture-Developing-countries-Data-processing- Congresses; Microcomputers-Developing-countries-Congresses

417.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
Processing of living plant images for automatic selection and transfer.
He, W. B.; Beck, M. S.; Martin, W. J. Comput-Electron-Agric v.6(2): p.107-122. (1991 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cucumis-sativus; somatic-embryogenesis; micropropagation; algorithms; selection; robots; seed-germination; image-processors

418.
NAL Call No.: SB436.J6
A program for the basic formula method for tree valuation.
Fitzpatrick, G. E.; Verkade, S. D. J-Arboric v.16(11): p.297-299. (1990 Nov.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: trees; valuation; arboriculture; calculation; computer- software

419.
NAL Call No.: SD143.N6
A programmable calculator-assisted procedure for marking unevenaged stands.
Moser, J. W. Jr.; Raney, J. D. North-J-Appl-For v.7(3): p.140-142. (1990 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: forest-management; forest-trees; marking; computer- software; diameter-distribution

420.
NAL Call No.: SB435.5.A645
Programming for success.
Arbor-Age v.12(1): p.22-24. (1992 Jan.)
Descriptors: arboriculture; computer-programming; computer-software; computers

421.
NAL Call No.: 99.9-F7662J
Prototyping an automated lumber processing system.
Klinkhachorn, P.; Kothari, R.; Huber, H. A.; McMillin, C. W.; Mukherjee, K.; Barnekov, V. For-Prod-J v.43(2): p.11-18. (1993 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: hardwoods; lumber; processing; automation; cutting; lasers; computer-techniques; optimization

Abstract: The Automated Lumber Processing System (ALPS) is a multi- disciplinary continuing effort directed toward increasing the yield obtained from hardwood lumber boards during their process of remanufacture into secondary products (furniture, etc.). ALPS proposes a nondestructive vision system to scan a board for its dimension and the location and expanse of surface defects on it. This information is then used to determine an efficient placement of the desired wood parts. Finally, a laser path planning algorithm is used to obtain an efficient path for the Computer Numeric Controlled (CNC) laser to follow to effectively punch out desired parts. While some individual subsystems of ALPS have been reported separately in previous communications, our recent success with the vision system required by ALPS has made the integration of the individual modules of ALPS possible. The vision subsystem and some other subsystems have been prototyped at West Virginia University. Recent efforts have been directed toward integrating these subsystems with the material-handling and laser cut-up system at Michigan State University in an attempt to create a fully functional prototype of ALPS.

422.
NAL Call No.: S451.O5O8
Ranch calculator (RANCALC): for Lotus-123 and compatible spreadsheets). A spreadsheet to aid in planning for cow/calf and cow/calf-stocker operations.
Lusby, K. S.; Walker, O. L. OSU-Curr-Rep-Okla-State-Univ-Coop-Ext-Serv. Stillwater, Okla. : The Service. Aug 1991. (3252) 6 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: cattle-husbandry; computer-software; statistical- analysis; beef-cattle; oklahoma

423.
NAL Call No.: 1.98-AG84
RANGETEK, a rancher's best friend.
Corliss, J. Agric-Res-U-S-Dep-Agric-Res-Serv v.39(6): p.22. (1991 June)
Descriptors: grazing; range-management; computer-software; computer- techniques

424.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Real-time weather systems in agricultural support: the loop is closed-- or is it.
Bingham, G. E.; McCurdy, G. D.; Hill, R. W. Acta-Hortic (313): p.271- 283. (1992 Oct.)
Paper presented at the Third International Symposium on Computer Modelling in Fruit Research and Orchard Management, February 11-14, 1992, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Descriptors: fruit-crops; orchards; crop-management; weather-data; information; information-technology; support-systems; models; utah

425.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Relations among the water supply, foliage temperature and the yield of tomato.
Helyes, L. Acta-Hortic p.115-121. (1990 Aug.)
Paper presented at the "Third International Symposium on Processing Tomatoes," November 29-December 2, 1989, Avignon, France.
Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; irrigation; foliage; temperature; crop-yield; water-supply; hungary

Abstract: In the frame of the research work directed to the development of irrigation order of the vegetable crops since 1985 we have been examining the effect of different water supplies to the foliage temperature of the crops. Here I demonstrate the results obtained in 1986-1987 years with the "K. Jubileum" variety of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) from the measurements performed with the infrared remote thermometer. With the hourly (6h-20h) measurings performed during the vegetation period we have determined the daily foliage temperature dynamics of the tomato stands of different foliage temperature water supplies, and the day section of most suitable for characterizing the water supply. In 1986, in 26.5 degrees C average air temperature, the average of foliage temperature of the optimum water-supply stand was 25.9 degrees C, while that of the unirrigated stand was 28.3 degrees C. Thus the mean foliage temperature difference between the treatments was 2.4 degrees C. The mean foliage temperature differences between the treatments of different water supply manifested themselves in the yield quantity as well. In the case of optimum water- supplied stand the harvestable yield was 82.5 t/ha, while in case of the unirrigated treatments the harvestable yield was only 24.7 t/ha. The results of the year 1987 have justified to draw similar conclusions.

426.
NAL Call No.: SB123.P535
Relationship between grain yield and remotely-sensed data in wheat breeding experiments.
Ball, S. T.; Konzak, C. F. Plant-Breed-Z-Pflanzenzucht v.110(4): p.277- 282. (1993 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: triticum-aestivum; crop-yield; grain; remote-sensing; variety-trials; infrared-photography; aerial-photography; reflectance; genotypes; washington

427.
NAL Call No.: 49-J82
Relationship of mode of porcine somatotropin administration and dietary fat to the growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs.
Azain, M. J.; Bullock, K. D.; Kasser, T. R.; Veenhuizen, J. J. J-Anim- Sci v.70(10): p.3086-3095. (1992 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pigs; somatotropin; diet; dietary-fat; sex-differences; feed-conversion-efficiency; insulin-like-growth-factor; backfat; carcass- composition; controlled-release; blood-sugar; ultrasound; leanness

Abstract: Ninety-six pigs were used to investigate the relationship of diet (control vs fat-supplemented with equal energy:protein ratios), porcine somatotropin (pST) administration (nontreated; 2 mg/d, daily injection; and 2 mg/d, 6-wk implant), and sex (barrows and gilts) to performance and carcass characteristics. Diet and pST treatments were initiated at 87 kg of BW and continued for 38 d. Both the fat-supplemented diet (P < .001) and pST treatment (P < .0001) improved feed efficiency. The effects of diet were accounted for by differences in energy density of the diets. Across diets, pST improved gain:feed ratio by 29 and 16% in pigs treated by daily injection and the implant, respectively; the two modes of delivery resulted in different responses (P < .01). Circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels, determined from blood samples drawn on d 35, were increased 2.5-fold above those of controls in pigs treated by either daily injection or the implant. However, the elevation of glucose and decrease in blood urea nitrogen concentrations in response to pST were of a greater magnitude in pigs treated by daily injection. Similarly, reductions in backfat thickness and the rate of backfat accretion determined by ultrasound were greater in response to the daily injection of pST than in response to the implant. Lean meat ratio, calculated from measurements with a Fat-O-Meater probe, was increased by 6 and 13% by the implant and daily injection, respectively. It is concluded that although the use of an implant that delivers pST on a continuous basis was as effective as the same dose administered as a bolus injection for increasing IGF-I levels, it was less effective in improving feed efficiency and carcass quality.

428.
NAL Call No.: 442.8-J8222
Relationship of scrotal surface temperature measured by infrared thermography to subcutaneous and deep testicular temperature in the ram.
Coulter, G. H.; Senger, P. L.; Bailey, D. R. C. J-Reprod-Fertil v.84(2): p.417-423. ill. (1988 Nov.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: rams; scrotum; testes; temperatures; temperature- relations; measurement

429.
NAL Call No.: SF371.R47
Relative importance of traits for efficiency of market lamb and wool production in North America.
Wang, C. T.; Dickerson, G. E. Sheep-Res-J v.7(1): p.19-23. (1991 Winter)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; computer-software; simulation-models; selection- criteria; selective-breeding; breeding-value; wool-production; lamb-production; economic-impact; growth-rate; feed-intake; costs; lambing-interval

430.
NAL Call No.: SB317.5.A6
Remotely piloted aircraft for low altitude aerial surveillance in agriculture.
Fouche, P. S.; Booysen, N. W. Appl-Plant-Sci-Toegepaste-Plantwetenskap v.5(2): p.53-59. ill. (1991)
Includes references.
Descriptors: aircraft; aerial-surveys; crop-management; forest- plantations; infrared-photography; remote-sensing; south-africa

431.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Request to cultivation method from tomato harvesting robot.
Kondo, N.; Shibano, Y.; Mohri, K.; Fujiura, T.; Monta, M. Acta-Hortic v.2(319): p.567-572. (1992 Oct.)
Paper presented at the International Symposium on Transplant Production Systems- -Biological, Engineering and Socioeconomics Aspects, July 21-26, 1992, Yokohama, Japan.
Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; mechanical-harvesting; automation; robots; construction; design; performance; japan; manipulators

432.
NAL Call No.: TP248.25.A96T68-1990
Requirements and technologies for automated plant growth systems on space bases.
Tibbitts, T. W.; Bula, R. J.; Morrow, R. C.; Corey, R. B.; Barta, D. J. Automation in biotechnology a collection of contributions presented at the Fourth Toyota Conference, Aichi, Japan, 21-24 October 1990 / edited by Isao Karube. Amsterdam : Elsevier c1991.. p. 325-335.
Includes references.
Descriptors: plants; culture-techniques; growth-chambers; automation; environmental-control; environmental-factors; space-flight

Abstract: Plant growth systems involving the use of higher plants, and possibly algae, appear to be a necessity for long duration habitation in space. Use of plants in a bioregenerative life support system would minimize the cost of removing carbon dioxide and providing food, oxygen and pure water to maintain humans in space. The requirements for such life support systems will involve technologies that are quite different from those of systems being used for short duration space missions. The plant growing system, including the support equipment needed to sustain growth, harvest the crop, process the useful edible product, and recycle the waste products, must be of minimum size and weight to reduce the cost of transport to the space base. The system must incorporate a high level of automation and robotics so that the astronaut-hours required for plant maintenance are kept to a minimum, but have provision for astronaut interaction if system malfunction occurs. The system must be constructed to sustain growth and productivity of several different plant species simultaneously, to provide diversity in the diet, and redundancy in case of loss of one or more of the species. The growing area should be compartmentalized so that the individual units can be isolated for separate maintenance, cleaning and sanitation. All chamber and plant culture equipment must be constructed from materials that can be effectively sanitized at appropriate intervals. Another important requirement for space bases will be the need to keep power consumption at low levels. Effort is being directed toward the development of new technologies for plant growth in space. Progress has been made in the development of an improved plant lighting unit, a nutrient delivery system that can supply water and nutrients to plants in microgravity, and a nutrient composition control system utilizing ion exchange materials for maintaining nutrient concentrations and nutrient balance for plants. There are many additional technology needs that will require resolution for the effective operation of a plant growing system in space. Technologies need to be developed for effective gaseous exchange between the plant growth units and the human habitation areas, control of pathogenic microbes in the nutrient media, identifying and controlling contaminants that accumulate in the atmosphere and nutrient solution, and for monitoring the productivity of the plants.

433.
NAL Call No.: SD388.F8
REVHAUL: A revenue-tracking program for log-hauling contractors.
Wong, T. B. Tech-Rep-For-Eng-Res-Inst-Can. Pointe Claire, Quebec : The Institute. Dec 1990. (101) 19 p.
Descriptors: logs; transport; trucks; contractors; costs; computer-software

434.
NAL Call No.: S37.F72
Riceseed.
Slaton, N.; Helms, R.; Hall, S. FSA-Coop-Ext-Serv-Univ-Arkansas. Little Rock, Ark. : The Service. Mar 1993. (2017,rev.) 4 p.
In subseries: Computer Technical Series.
Descriptors: oryza-sativa; sowing-rates; computer-software; soil- texture; sowing-date; sowing-methods; seedbeds; cultivars

435.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32P
Robot arm for forest thinning R.A.F.T.
Bonicelli, B.; Lucas, L.; Perret, F.; Bonnafous, J. C. PAP-AMER-SOC-AGRIC- ENG. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. 1989. (89-7056) 9 p.
Paper presented at the 1989 International Summer Meeting, June 25-28, 1989, Quebec, PQ, Canada.
Descriptors: forestry-practices; thinning; robots

436.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32T
Robotic end effector for handling greenhouse plant material.
Simonton, W. Trans-A-S-A-E v.34(6): p.2615-2621. (1991 Nov.-1991 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: greenhouses; automation; mechanization; propagation; sensors

Abstract: An end effector was developed to investigate the mechanics and control of robotic handling and manipulation of plant material of a type commonly found in commercial greenhouses. The end effector was shown to handle a wide range of sizes of geranium cuttings with rare indications of damage to the petioles (1.5%) and main stem (2.0%). Several features of the end effector were determined to be important for reliable, non- damaging performance. A two-stage feedback controller which combined position/velocity control with force control was successful in minimizing cycle time while also minimizing impact velocity and resultant impact loads on plant material. A machine vision local scene analysis technique provided an automatic method of obstacle avoidance by the fingers in a plant canopy. Padded fingers with relatively small, curved ends minimized contact area and assisted in decreasing impact forces. In general, results indicate the importance of sensing and interpretation of the sensor data to assist a robot in accommodating the nonuniformity typical of plants.

437.
NAL Call No.: S671.3.A97-1991
Robotic plant handling and processing for agricultural systems.
Simonton, W. Automated agriculture for the 21st century proceedings of the 1991 symposium, 16-17 December 1991, Chicago, Illinois. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers, c1991.. p. 226-235.
Includes references.
Descriptors: greenhouses; plants; handling; robots

438.
NAL Call No.: S715.M44R63-1991
Robotic systems for selective harvesting : basic concepts and prototype tests.
Miles, G. E.; United States Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund. Bet Dagan, Israel : BARD, 1991. 176 p. : ill., Final report.
Descriptors: Muskmelon-Harvesting-Machinery; Fruit-Harvesting- Machinery

439.
NAL Call No.: TP248.25.A96T68-1990
Robotic workcell for flexibly automated handling of young transplants.
Ting, K. C. Automation in biotechnology a collection of contributions presented at the Fourth Toyota Conference, Aichi, Japan, 21-24 October 1990 / edited by Isao Karube. Amsterdam : Elsevier c1991.. p. 261-278.
Includes references.
Descriptors: plants; transplanting; automation; robots; plug- transplanting

Abstract: Automated handling of young transplants in the form of plugs has become an important process in meeting their increasing market demand. The research team at Rutgers University has been studying the implementation of robots for plug transplanting. The objective is to develop a flexibly automated plug transplanting workcell which will handle a wide range of plug species and container sizes. In this workcell, the plugs are extracted from one container, and transported and planted into another container. The end-effector used to manipulate individual plugs is equipped with a capacitive proximity sensor. The function of the sensor is to detect the presence of a plug, after extraction and before planting by the end- effector, to insure that the finished container is filled with plugs. The source and destination plug containers are transported by two overpassing conveyor belts. The belts are capable of making indexed advancement so that the distance for plug transportation between the containers may be minimized. The characteristics and parameters associated with the workcell are systematically analyzed.

440.
NAL Call No.: SB121.I57-1992
Robotics and image analysis applied to micropropagation.
Brown, F. R. Transplant production systems proceedings of the International Symposium on Transplant Production Systems, Yokokama, Japan, 21-26 July 1992 / edited by K Kurata and T Kozai. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992.. p. 283-296.
Includes references.
Descriptors: micropropagation; robots

441.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.B563C87
Robotics applications to transplanting of plug seedlings.
Ting, K. C.; Giacomelli, G. A. Curr-Plant-Sci-Biotechnol-Agric (12): p.307-309. (1991)
In the series analytic: Horticulture -- New Technologies and Applications / edited by J. Prakash and R. L. M. Pierik. Proceedings of an International Seminar on New Frontiers in Horticulture, November 25-28, 1990, Bangalore, India.
Descriptors: seedlings; transplanting; robots; innovations; horticultural-crops

442.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32P
Robotics in forest harvesting machines.
Courteau, J. PAP-AMER-SOC-AGRIC-ENG. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. Summer 1989. (89-0022) 16 p. ill., maps.
Paper presented at the "1989 International Summer Meeting jointly sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers and the Canadian Society of Agricultural Engineering," June 25-28, 1989, Quebec, PQ, Canada.
Descriptors: forestry-machinery; hydraulics; mechanical-harvesting; mathematical-models; robots; sensors; canada

443.
NAL Call No.: NBU SD387-I57-R63-1990
Robotics in forestry : forest operations in the age of technology : proceedings of the symposium held on September 7, 1990 at the Ramada Suites Hotel, Vaudreuil, Quebec.
Courteau, J.; Robotics in Forestry Symposium 1990 : Vaudreuil, Q. Pointe Claire, Quebec : Forest Engineering Research Institute of Canada, c1990. ii, 48 p. : ill., Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Forestry-innovations; Logging-Technological-innovations; Robotics

444.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Robotization in the production of grafted seedlings.
Honami, N.; Taira, T.; Murase, H.; Nishiura, Y.; Yasukuri, Y. Acta- Hortic v.2(319): p.579-584. (1992 Oct.)
Paper presented at the International Symposium on Transplant Production Systems- -Biological, Engineering and Socioeconomics Aspects, July 21-26, 1992, Yokohama, Japan.
Descriptors: fruit-vegetables; seedlings; grafting; production; mechanization; robots; construction; design; performance

445.
NAL Call No.: 23-AU783
Role of computer stimualtion in the application of knowledge to animal industries.
Black, J. L.; Davies, G. T.; Fleming, J. F. Aust-J-Agric-Res v.44(3): p.541-555. (1993)
In special issue: Quantitative animal nutrition and metabolism.
Descriptors: pig-fattening; computer-simulation; computer-software; costs; decision-making; farm-management; feeding; simulation-models; literature- reviews; new-south-wales; auspig-computer-model

446.
NAL Call No.: 49-J82
The role of instrument grading in a beef value-based marketing system.
Cross, H. R.; Whittaker, A. D. J-Anim-Sci v.70(3): p.984-989. (1992 Mar.)
Paper presented at a symposium titled "Application of Ultrasound in Animal Science Research", Ames, Iowa.
Descriptors: beef; carcasses; grading; ultrasound; marketing- techniques; carcass-composition; instruments

Abstract: A functional value-based marketing system must have a means of identifying the value of individual animals or carcasses. The U.S. beef industry has had a strong interest in instrument grading for the past 11 yr. With the major shift toward a value-based system of trading (carcass), the beef industry has defined its needs for an instrument to assess value. Ultrasound seems to be the technology with the greatest chance of success. This paper outlines the history of instrument grading and industry's progress and plans in this area.

447.
NAL Call No.: 100-OK4-3
Role of NIRS-based nutritional monitoring systems for grazing and nutritional management of range livestock.
Stuth, J. W.; Lyons, R. K.; Angerer, J. P.; McKown, C. D. Misc-Publ-Agric- Exp-Stn-Okla-State-Univ p.83-93. (1991)
Paper presented at the "Second Grazing Livestock Nutrition Conference," Aug. 2- 3, 1991, Steamboat Springs, Colorado.
Descriptors: livestock; nutritive-value; infrared-spectroscopy

448.
NAL Call No.: SF5.A8-1990
Role of ultrasound for selecting beef cattle.
Harada, H.; Moriya, K.; Fukuhara, R. Proceedings, the 5th AAAP Animal Science Congress, May 27-June 1, 1990, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan : The Organization Committee, Fifth AAAP Animal Science Congress, c1990. v. 3 p. 276.
Includes references.
Descriptors: beef-cattle; carcass-composition; ultrasound

449.
NAL Call No.: TP248.25.A96T68-1990
The Ruthner container system.
Ruthner, E. Automation in biotechnology a collection of contributions presented at the Fourth Toyota Conference, Aichi, Japan, 21-24 October 1990 / edited by Isao Karube. Amsterdam : Elsevier c1991.. p. 305-323.
Includes references.
Descriptors: container-grown-plants; containers; automation; robots; growth-chambers; environmental-control; horticulture

Abstract: An environmental controlled system for the continuous, year round production of fresh, living plants for the nutrition of men in the same way as for the purpose of producing and maintaining test plants for different research activities with combination possibilities to modern robotic techniques and computer analysers in a modular containerized size is explained and discussed with respect to economics.

450.
NAL Call No.: 1-F766FI
RXWINDOW: fire behavior program for prescribed fire planning.
Andrews, P. L.; Bradshaw, L. S. Fire-Manage-Notes-U-S-Dep-Agric-For- Serv v.51(3): p.25-29. (1990)
Includes references.
Descriptors: forest-fires; rangelands; prescribed-burning; computer- software

451.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
SARA: software for the analysis of orchard profitability.
Alvisi, F.; Malagoli, C.; Regazzi, D. Acta-Hortic (276): p.305-314. (1990 July)
Paper presented at the "Second International Symposium on Computer Modelling in Fruit Research and Orchard Management," September 5- 8, 1989, Logan, Utah.
Descriptors: orchards; profitability; computer-software

Abstract: The setting up of an orchard necessitates a series of choices which can influence the economic results. Prior to investing in a productive process that is expected to continue over the long term, the growers should carefully evaluate which species, which cultivars and which management methods to adopt. Net present value, internal rate of return, cost/return ratio and payback period are among the most frequently used parameters of economic analysis. SARA constitutes a specific software designed to calculate the value of these parameters once the elements of orchard costs and returns are known. At the same time it is possible to perform sensitivity analysis on the more probable price fluctuations in relation to production and quantitative variations produced during the orchard's full cropping period.

452.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C68-1992
Scheduling beef-forage grazing systems.
Thompson, T. L.; Newell, T. R.; Klopfenstein, T. J.; Moser, L. E.; Waller, S. S.; Wilkerson, V. A. Computers in agricultural extension programs proceedings of the 4th international conference, 28-31 January 1992, Orlando, Florida / sponspored by the Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers, c1992.. p. 70-75.
Includes references.
Descriptors: grassland-management; computer-software; grazing-systems; nebraska; rangeplan

453.
NAL Call No.: 275.29-N272EX
Selecting a computer system for the farm business.
Jose, H. D. EC-Coop-Ext-Serv-Univ-Nebr. Lincoln, Neb. : The Service. 1983. (83-877) 14 p.
Descriptors: farm-management; computer-software; computers; glossaries

454.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1988
Selecting cow/calf recordkeeping software.
Holman, K. L. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S Zazueta, AB Del Bottcher, eds p.116-120. (of Florida, [1988?].)
Conference held February 10-11, 1988 at the Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: animal-husbandry; record-keeping; computer-software

455.
NAL Call No.: FICHE-S-72
Selection and use of thermography/infrared imaging systems.
Colliver, D. G.; Turner, L. W.; Dillon, O. W. Jr. Am-Soc-Agric-Eng- Microfiche-Collect. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. 1988. (fiche no. 88-3514) 22 p. ill.
Paper presented at the 1988 Winter Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes references.
Descriptors: remote-sensing; infrared-imagery; thermography; surfaces; temperature; instruments

456.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Sensing structure in crop and soil.
Day, W. Acta-Hortic (304): p.339-344. (1992 Mar.)
Paper presented at the "First International Workshop on Sensors in Horticulture", January 29-31, 1991, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands.
Descriptors: crop-production; lasers; scanning

457.
NAL Call No.: A99.9-F7625U
Sensitivity of TRIM projections to management, harvest, yield, and stocking adjustment assumptions.
Alexander, S. J. Res-Note-PNW-U-S-Dep-Agric-For-Serv-Pac-Northwest-Res-Stn. Portland, Or. : The Station. Mar 1991. (502) 17 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: forest-trees; pseudotsuga-menziesii; supply; projections; timber-trade; yield-forecasting; computer-software; models; age; timber- resource-inventory-model

458.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
A sideward lighting system using diffusive optical fibers for production of vigorous micropropagated plantlets.
Kozai, T.; Kino, S.; Jeong, B. R.; Kinowaki, M.; Ochiai, M.; Hayashi, M.; Mori, K. Acta-Hortic v.1(319): p.237-242. (1992 Oct.)
Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Transplant Production Systems: Biological, Engineering and Socioeconomic Aspects," July 21-26, 1992, Yokohama, Japan.
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; micropropagation; explants; fluorescent-lamps; lighting; systems; diffusion; fibers; optical-properties; acclimatization; lighting-direction; photosynthetically-active-radiation

459.
NAL Call No.: S539.5.J68
A simple, microcomputer model of rangeland forage growth for management decision support.
Berry, J. S.; Hanson, J. D. J-Prod-Agric v.4(4): p.491-499. (1991 Oct.- 1991 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: acrididae; range-management; economic-analysis; integrated-pest-management; decision-making; mathematical-models; simulation- models; computer-simulation; forage; seasonal-growth; maturation; temperature; rain; soil-water-content; soil-water-regimes; water-holding-capacity; soil- water-potential; rangelands; validity; temporal-variation; herbivores; grazing; computer-software; montana

460.
NAL Call No.: 100-AL1H
A simple ultrasound instrument is effective in predicting body composition of live pigs.
Chiba, L. I. Highlights-Agric-Res-Ala-Agric-Exp-Stn v.39(4): p.6. (1992 Winter)
Descriptors: pigs; body-composition; ultrasonic-fat-meters; assessment; liveweight; carcass-composition; prediction

461.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
A simplified dry matter production model for apple using automatic programming simulation software.
Lakso, A. N.; Johnson, R. S. Acta-Hortic (276): p.141-148. (1990 July)
Paper presented at the "Second International Symposium on Computer Modelling in Fruit Research and Orchard Management," September 5- 8, 1989, Logan, Utah.
Descriptors: apples; crop-yield; dry-matter; computer-simulation

Abstract: Previous research on modelling of dry matter production and yield of apple trees has resulted in complex models that have remained incomplete or inadequately described and tested. The complexity of both the physiological processes and the programming needed to describe them often limits the usefulness of these models primarily to their originators. To overcome some of these limitations, a simplified dry matter production model has been developed with the user-friendly "Stella" dynamic simulation automatic programming language on a Macintosh. This language can be used effectively by researchers not trained in programming, thus greatly expanding the potential use and testing of the model by other researchers. Compared to earlier models the model described here is simplified in several ways. The most important is that the basic time step is one day rather than one minute or hour. Using the daily integral eliminates the complexity of the diurnal changes in radiation geometry. The daily photosynthesis (P) integral is calculated as described by Charles- Edwards from maximum P rate, photochemical efficiency, daily integral of light, daylength, canopy extinction coefficient and leaf area index (or fraction of available light intercepted). Leaf area development is based on degree-day accumulation, a constant leaf area production/degree-day, the total shoot numbers and the fraction of shoots growing at any time. Respiration is driven by temperature. Wood and leaf respiration are based on surface areas; fruit respiration on weight. Estimates of dry matter/carbon ratio are varied over the season depending on estimates of costs of synthesis of dry matter components. Evaluation of the assumptions and limitations is continuing, although initial testing with data from the literature has been promising. Validation testing by growth analysis in field trees has begun.

462.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32T
Simulation for determining greenhouse temperature setpoints.
Jones, P.; Jones, J. W.; Hwang, Y. Trans-A-S-A-E v.33(5): p.1722-1728. ill. (1990 Sept.-1990 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: greenhouses; air-temperature; heat-regulation; simulation-models; computer-software; lycopersicon-esculentum; crop-yield; economic- analysis; profitability; florida; north-carolina; microsoft-fortran

Abstract: Two separately developed simulation models were linked and used to evaluate different environmental control strategies in Florida tomato production greenhouses. POLY-2 is a model of a double poly, quonset-style greenhouse typical of Florida. It is a dynamic model that realistically simulates environmental control equipment actions. TOMGRO is a dynamic crop model that simulates 1) growth, 2) development, and 3) quantity and timing of yield of tomatoes. Both models are based on independent empirical data sets used for calibration and validation, respectively. The two models were linked by incorporating POLY-2 into TOMGRO as a sub-routine. Historical weather data for Tallahassee, Florida and Raleigh, North Carolina are used by the POLY-2 subroutine to simulate greenhouse environmental conditions which are used in turn by TOMGRO to simulate development and growth of the tomato crop. During simulation runs POLY-2 keeps track of heating fuel requirements and TOMGRO keeps track of tomato yield. Simulations over a range of setpoints showed that the optimal setpoint depends directly on the price of fuel, the value of the tomatoes, and location.

463.
NAL Call No.: QA76.9.C65S95-1989
Simulation models in agriculture: from cellular level to field scale.
Stockle, C. O. Proceedings of the 1989 Summer Computer Simulation Conference July 24-27, 1989, the Stouffer Austin Hotel, Austin, Texas / edited by Joe K Clema ; conference sponsor, the Society for Computer Simulation. San Diego, CA : The Society, c1989.. p. 639-644.
Includes references.
Descriptors: crop-production; agriculture; simulation-models; computer-simulation; agricultural-research

Abstract: Computer simulation models are becoming a common tool in agricultural research and teaching, and their range of applications is extending now to agricultural planning, policy making, technology transfer and on-farm management. A whole array of computer simulation models have been or are under development, from mass transfer at the single plant cell level to transport processes of eroded soil particles or pollutants at a watershed level; from growth of individual cells to growth of multicrops in the field. The use of computer simulation in agriculture has had a rapid increase with the fast expansion of microcomputers' availability. A brief review of available models and a discussion of benefits and problems of the simulation boom will be presented.

464.
NAL Call No.: QD415.A1J62
Simulation of ethanol production processes based on enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials using ASPEN PLUS.
Galbe, M.; Zacchi, G. Appl-Biochem-Biotechnol. Totowa, N.J. : Humana Press. Spring 1992. v. 34/35 p. 93-104.
Paper presented at the "Thirteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals," May 6-10, 1991, Colorado Springs, Colorado.
Descriptors: wood; lignocellulose; saccharification; hydrolysis; cellulase; hexoses; pentoses; fermentation; ethanol-production; computer- simulation; computer-software; waste-water; simulation-models

465.
NAL Call No.: 23-R88
SIRATAC: death and rebirth.
Ralph, W. Rural-Res-CSIRO-Q (147): p.8-12. ill. (1990 Winter)
Includes references.
Descriptors: gossypium; helicoverpa-armigera; helicoverpa-punctigera; insect-control; insecticide-resistance; computer-software; crop-management; crop- yield; australia; new-south-wales

466.
NAL Call No.: QH540.I84
Software implementation of a decision support system for land use planning.
Wadsworth, R. A. ITE-symp (27): p.88-91. (1992)
In the series analytic: Land use change: The causes and consequences / edited by M.C. Whitby.
Descriptors: land-use-planning; land-use; decision-making; expert- systems; computer-analysis; computer-software

467.
NAL Call No.: 309.9-N216
Solar infrared transmitting, par absorbing polyethylene mulch: physical properties and crop response.
Loy, J. B. Proc-Natl-Agric-Plast-Congr (23rd): p.165-173. (1991)
Meeting held Sept. 29 - Oct. 3, 1991, Mobile, Alabama.
Descriptors: polyethylene-film; infrared-radiation; physical- properties; crop-yield; photosynthetically-active-radiation

468.
NAL Call No.: 4-AM34P
SOYHERB--A computer program for soybean herbicide decision making.
Renner, K. A.; Black, J. R. Agron-J v.83(5): p.921-925. (1991 Sept.- 1991 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: glycine-max; herbicides; application-methods; weeds; decision-making; weed-competition; computer-software

Abstract: There has been a rapid increase in the number of herbicides and herbicide mixtures registered for use in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production. SOYHERB is a computer program developed to assist Cooperative Extension Service personnel, agribusiness, farmers, and teachers in determining herbicide options for soybean production. Tillage practices, atrazine (6-chloro- N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) or simazine (6-chloro- N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) use in a previous corn crop, soil type and percentage of organic matter, soil pH, projected crop rotation plans, method of herbicide application, and weed species and weed pressure are entered by the user. SOYHERB generates herbicide programs and their cost per acre that provide excellent control of all weed species at the weed pressures indicated. Fair (80- 90%) weed control options may also be generated. Additional screens describe control of perennial weeds, a summary of herbicide premixes, and a table listing the maximum height of broadleaf weeds controlled by postemergence herbicides. Data can be saved for future reference. A computer capable of running MS-DOS or PC-DOS version 2.1 or greater with a minimum of 512K bytes of RAM is required.

469.
NAL Call No.: SD112.F67
Spacing/thinning requirements for radiata pine in relation to product prices and exchange rates.
Whiteside, I. D. FRI-Bull-For-Res-Inst-N-Z-For-Serv (151): p.200-212. (1990)
Paper presented at the "Symposium on New Approaches to Spacing and Thinning in Plantation Forestry, " held April 10-14, 1989, Rotorua, New Zealand.
Descriptors: pinus-radiata; spacing; thinning; computer-software; logs; quality; profitability; prices; stankpak; sawmod

470.
NAL Call No.: SD143.S64
Spatial disaggregation process: applying strategic planning to the ground.
Merzenich, J. P. Proc-Soc-Am-For-Natl-Conv p.580-582. (1991)
Meeting held Aug 4-7, 1991, San Francisco, California.
Descriptors: forest-management; computer-software; databases; planning; maps; computer-hardware; national-forests; private-ownership; oregon

471.
NAL Call No.: 60.19-B773
Spatial heterogeneity and other sources of variance in sward height as measured by the sonic and HFRO sward sticks.
Hutchings, N. J. Grass-Forage-Sci-J-Br-Grassl-Soc v.46(3): p.277-282. (1991 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: grass-sward; plant-height; measurement; spatial- variation; sampling; instruments; variance-components

472.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1988
Spending and consumer expenditures.
Scannell, E. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S Zazueta p.549-553. (of Florida, [1988?].)
Meeting held February 10-11, 1988 at Lake Buenavista, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: money-management; consumer-expenditure; computer-software

473.
NAL Call No.: 4-AM34P
Statistical analysis of yield trials with MATMODEL.
Gauch, H. G. Jr.; Furnas, R. E. Agron-J v.83(5): p.916-920. (1991 Sept.-1991 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: crop-yield; variety-trials; statistical-analysis; computer-software

Abstract: Yield trials guide agronomic recommendations and breeding selections, but often are limited by inaccuracy, missing data, and the difficulty of understanding complex genotype-environment interactions. Recent studies have shown that a statistical model rather new to agriculturists, the Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model can reduce these limitations. This paper introduces MATMODEL, a convenient program for the required calculations that runs on IBM compatible personal computers with MS-DOS (PC-DOS) 2.1 or higher and on the Apple Macintosh. MATMODEL enables one to (i) increase the accuracy of yield estimates, (ii) improve selections, (iii) impute missing data, (iv) model and understand the genotypes, environments, and interaction, particularly with a biplot graph, and (v) design flexible and efficient experiments. MATMODEL routinely provides yield estimates as accurate as raw treatment means based upon two to five times as many replications, so MATMODEL offers a remarkably cost-effective option for gaining accuracy. This option is particularly valuable in light of recent trends towards testing genotypes in more environments with fewer replications.

474.
NAL Call No.: HD1.A3
A stochastic model simulating the dairy herd on a PC.
Sorensen, J. T.; Kristensen, E. S.; Thysen, I. Agric-Syst v.39(2): p.177-200. (1992)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dairy-cows; dairy-herds; animal-production; stochastic- models; simulation-models; microcomputers; cattle-feeding; liveweight-gain; calving; culling; constraints; livestock-numbers; milk-production; quotas; dairy-research; computer-simulation; time-stepping-models

475.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32P
Stochastic modeling of robotic workcell for seedling plug transplanting.
Ting, K. C.; Yang, Y.; Fang, W. PAP-AMER-SOC-AGRIC-ENG. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. Winter 1990. (90-1539) 12 p.
Paper presented at the 1990 International Winter Meeting, December 18-21, 1990, Chicago, Illinois.
Descriptors: seedlings; transplanting; robots; stochastic-models

476.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32P
Stormwater management, erosion, & sediment control by computer aided design (SEDCAD): landfill application.
Schwab, P.; Warner, R. C. PAP-AMER-SOC-AGRIC-ENG. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. Summer 1989. (89-2017) 19 p.
Paper presented at the "1989 International Summer Meeting" jointly sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers and the Canadian Society of Agricultural Engineering, June 25-28, 1989, Quebec, Canada.
Descriptors: landfills; runoff-water; erosion-control; sediment; computer-software; structural-design

477.
NAL Call No.: SD143.S64
Strategies for modeling the effect of silvicultural regime on wood quality in Douglas-fir.
Maguire, D. A. Proc-Soc-Am-For-Natl-Conv p.80-85. (1991)
Meeting held Aug 4-7, 1991, San Francisco, California.
Descriptors: pseudotsuga-menziesii; wood-properties; models; computer- software; forest-plantations; forest-management; wood-products; pacific-states- of-usa

478.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
The study of the grafting robot.
Onoda, A.; Kobayashi, K.; Suzuki, M. Acta-Hortic v.2(319): p.535-540. (1992 Oct.)
Paper presented at the International Symposium on Transplant Production Systems- -Biological, Engineering and Socioeconomics Aspects, July 21-26, 1992, Yokohama, Japan.
Descriptors: cucurbit-vegetables; planting-stock; grafting; mechanization; robots; construction; design; performance

479.
NAL Call No.: SD143.S64
STUMP: a system of timber utilization and mill processing.
Yaussy, D. A.; Brisbin, R. L. Proc-Soc-Am-For-Natl-Conv p.613-614. (1990)
Paper presented at the meeting on, "Are Forests the Answer," held July 29-Aug 1, 1990, Washington, D.C.
Descriptors: timbers; stumpage-value; yields; logs; inventories; computer-software; timber-appraisal

480.
NAL Call No.: SB191.M2C44-1986
Subroutine structure.
Jones, C. A.; Richie, J. T.; Kiniry, J. R.; Godwin, D. C. CERES-Maize a simulation model of maize growth and development / edited by CA Jones and JR Kiniry with contributions by PT Dyke [et al]. 1st ed. : College Station : Texas A&M University Press, 1986.. p. 49-111.
Descriptors: zea-mays; soil-water-balance; computer-software; simulation- models; computer-programming; nitrogen; computer-simulation

481.
NAL Call No.: HD1.A3
'Summer Pack', a user-friendly simulation software for the management of sheep grazing dry pastures or stubbles.
Orsini, J. P. G. Agric-Syst v.33(4): p.361-376. (1990)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep-farming; farm-management; decision-making; computer-software; simulation-models; stocking-rate; sheep-feeding; liveweight- gain; grazing; dry-feeding; pastures; stubble; summer; autumn; western-australia

482.
NAL Call No.: 49.9-AU72
SummerPack, an interactive computer software for the prediction of liveweight changes of sheep grazing dry pastures or stubbles in the south of Australia.
Orsini, J. P. G. Proc-Aust-Soc-Anim-Prod. Sydney : Pergamon Press. 1990. v. 18 p. 535.
Meeting held on July 8-12, 1990, Adelaide, South Australia.
Descriptors: sheep-farming; computer-software; australia

483.
NAL Call No.: SB197.A1T7
Sustaining productive pastures in the tropics. 12. Decision support software as an aid to managing pasture systems.
Clewett, J. F.; Cavaye, J. M.; McKeon, G. M.; Partridge, I. J.; Scanlan, J. C. Trop-Grassl v.25(2): p.159-164. (1991 June)
Paper presented at the "Fourth Australian Conference on Tropical Pastures," November, 1990, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.
Descriptors: tropical-grasslands; pastures; grassland-management; sustainability; productivity; beef-production; decision-making; computer- software; computer-simulation; stocking-rate; australia; grassman

484.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1988
Swine productivity program.
Norton, S. D. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S Zazueta, AB Del Bottcher, eds p.113-115. (of Florida, [1988?].)
Conference held February 10-11, 1988 at the Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: pigs; animal-production; record-keeping; computer- software

485.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1990
Swine simulation for housing, feeding and profitability.
Watt, D. L.; Jacobsen, R. M.; Rice, D. G. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs / Fedro S. Zazueta, editor. ; January 31- February 1, 1990, Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, FL. Gainesville, FL : Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, [1990]. p. 506-511.
Includes references.
Descriptors: pigs; animal-husbandry; computer-software; simulation- models; swinegro

486.
NAL Call No.: 99.9-F7662J
A system for computer-based design and implementation of time studies.
Howard, A. F.; Gasson, R. For-Prod-J v.41(7/8): p.53-55. (1991 July- 1991 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: forestry-engineering; work-study; harvesting; computer- techniques; computer-software

487.
NAL Call No.: SB249.N6
A system for studying automated cotton irrigation.
Webb, W. M.; Upchurch, D. R.; Wanjura, D. F. Proc-Beltwide-Cotton-Conf. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America. 1991. v. 1 p. 445- 448.
Paper presented at the "Cotton Engineering-Systems Conference," 1991, San Antonio, Texas.
Descriptors: gossypium-hirsutum; crop-production; automatic- irrigation-systems; computer-techniques; computer-software

488.
NAL Call No.: QH541.5.F6F67
SYSTUM-1: simulating the growth of young conifers under management.
Powers, R. F.; Ritchie, M. W.; Ticknor, L. O. Proc-Annu-For-Veg-Manage-Conf. Redding, Calif. The Conference. Aug 1989. (10th) p. 101-115.
Meeting held Nov 1-3, 1988, Eureka, CA.
Descriptors: conifers; growth; height; diameter; basal-area; computer- software; computer-simulation; california

489.
NAL Call No.: SD143.S64
Tactical harvest planning.
Sessions, J.; Sessions, J. B. Proc-Soc-Am-For-Natl-Conv p.362-368. (1991)
Meeting held Aug 4-7, 1991, San Francisco, California.
Descriptors: logging; planning; environmental-impact; wildlife; habitats; roads; logging-effects; transport; computer-analysis; computer- software; computer-hardware; usa

490.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1988
TAMWFARM--A whole farm computerized financial planning program.
Gerloff, D. C. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S Zazueta, AB Del Bottcher, eds p.303-305. (of Florida, [1988?].)
Conference held February 10-11, 1988 at the Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: farm-management; financial-planning; computer-software; texas-aandm-whole-farm-analysis-and-record-management

491.
NAL Call No.: 56.8-J822
Teaching land management with a microcomputer-based model.
Ross, D.; Nash, T.; Harbor, J. J-Soil-Water-Conserv v.47(3): p.226-230. (1992 May-1992 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: land-management; soil-conservation; teaching-methods; land-use; computer-assisted-instruction; microcomputers; computer-simulation; simulation-models; universal-soil-loss-equation; water-erosion; runoff; measurement; erosion-control; sediment; geological-sedimentation; gully- erosion; land-types

492.
NAL Call No.: SD143.S64
Teams: a decision support system for integrated resource management.
Covington, W. W.; Dewhurst, S. M.; Wood, D. B. Proc-Soc-Am-For-Natl- Conv p.516-517. (1991)
Meeting held Aug 4-7, 1991, San Francisco, California.
Descriptors: forest-management; decision-making; computer-software; watershed-management; models; american-indians; arizona

493.
NAL Call No.: QP901.A33-v.286
Temperature and environmental effects on the testis.
Zorgniotti, A. W. 1.; Conference on Temperature and Environmental Factors and the Testis (1989 : New York University School of Medicine). New York : Plenum Press, c1991. xi, 335 p. : ill., "Proceedings of a Conference on Temperature and Environmental Factors and the Testis, held December 8-9, 1989, at the New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York"--T.p. verso. Includes bibliographical references and index.
Descriptors: Testis-Effect-of-heat-on-Congresses; Infertility,-Male- Environmental-aspects-Congresses; Testis-Thermography-Congresses

494.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
Terraces for erosion and runoff: a program simulation (TERPS).
Johnson, A. T.; Holly, T. Comput-Electron-Agric v.7(2): p.121-132. (1992 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: terraces; erosion-control; computer-software; flow- charts; microcomputers; location-of-production; topography; data-processing

495.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1990
Texas FARMDAY: Farm Accident Risk Management & Data Acquisition sYstem.
Freeman, S. A.; Valco, T. D.; Whittaker, A. D. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs / Fedro S. Zazueta, editor. ; January 31- February 1, 1990, Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, FL. Gainesville, FL : Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, [1990]. p. 21-26.
Includes references.
Descriptors: farming; occupational-hazards; trauma; risk; educational- programs; computer-software; texas; knowledge-based-system

496.
NAL Call No.: TJ810.A1S6
Thermal study of the receiver of a focusing solar collector using infrared thermography.
Argiriou, A.; Pasquetti, R.; Papini, F.; Arconada, A.; Audibert, M. Sol- Energy v.43(1): p.45-55. ill. (1989)
Includes references.
Descriptors: solar-energy; solar-radiation; solar-collectors; construction; infrared-radiation; three-dimensional-models; calculation; operations; thermal-operating-conditions

497.
NAL Call No.: S1.S68
Thermographic characteristics of silt from soils which have been fertilized over a long period of time.
Vodyanitskii, Yu. N.; Gradusov, B. P.; Khlystovskii, A. D. Sov-Agric- Sci (1): p.39-41. (1985)
Translated from: Vsesoiuznaia akademiia sel'skokhoziaistvennykh nauk, Doklady, p.24-26. (20 AK1).
Descriptors: silt; thermographic-properties; npk-fertilizers

498.
NAL Call No.: SF951.J65
Thermographic detection of gingering in horses.
Turner, T. A.; Scoggins, R. D. J-Equine-Vet-Sci. Wildomar, Calif. : W.E. Jones. 1985. v. 5 (1) p. 8-10.
Includes 15 references.
Descriptors: horses; anus; sphincters; temperatures; infrared- radiation; infrared-spectrophotometry

499.
NAL Call No.: SF910.5.V4
Thermographic evaluation of the effect of three bandage products
Koblunk, C. N.; Walter, P. A.; Trent, A. M.; Libbey, C.; Salazar, R. Vet- Comp-Orthop-Traumatol-VCOT. Stuttgart : F.K. Schattauer
Includes references.
Descriptors: horses; thermography; blood-circulation; bandages

500.
NAL Call No.: SF601.C66
Thermography: a review in equine medicine.
Turner, T. A.; Purohit, R. C.; Fessler, J. F. Compend-Contin-Educ-Pract- Vet v.8(11): p.855-862. ill. (1986 Nov.)
Literature review. Includes references.
Descriptors: horses; veterinary-equipment; diagnostic-techniques; thermal-properties

501.
NAL Call No.: 41.8-AM3A
Thermography of the bovine scrotum.
Purohit, R. C.; Hudson, R. S.; Riddell, M. G.; Carson, R. L.; Wolfe, D. F.; Walker, D. F. Am-J-Vet-Res v.46(11): p.2388-2392. ill. (1985 Nov.)
Includes 14 references.
Descriptors: bulls; thermographic-properties; scrotum; testicular- diseases

502.
NAL Call No.: S591.55.N4T47-no.55
Thermography : principles and applications in the Oost-Gelderland remote sensing study project.
Nieuwenhuis, G. J. A. Wageningen : Institute for Land and Water Management Research, [1986?]. leaves 51-58 : ill., map (col.), Cover title. "Reprinted from: ITC Journal 1, 1986." Abstract in English, French and Spanish. Bibliography: leaves 57-58.

503.
NAL Call No.: 80-C733
Thermography reveals heat losses [Energy conservation].
Schaupmeyer, C. Am-Veg-Grower-Greenhouse-Grower v.29(11): p.38-39, 42. ill. (1981 Nov.)

504.
NAL Call No.: SB610.W39
The threshold concept and its application to weed science.
Coble, H. D.; Mortensen, D. A. Weed-Technol-J-Weed-Sci-Soc-Am v.6(1): p.191-195. (1992 Jan.-1992 Mar.)
Paper presented at the "Symposium on Ecological Perspectives on Utility of Thresholds for Weed Management," February 5, 1991.
Descriptors: weeds; economic-thresholds; weed-biology; crop-weed- competition; crop-yield; yield-losses; weed-control; decision-making; simulation- models; computer-software; action-thresholds; herb

505.
NAL Call No.: S671.A66
Timber harvester: a microcomputer-based system for automatic selection of timber harvesting equipment.
Randhawa, S. U.; Scott, T. M.; Olsen, E. D. Appl-Eng-Agric v.8(1): p.121-127. (1992 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: harvesters; timbers; automation; mechanization; simulation-models; computer-techniques

Abstract: The potential gains that could be realized from mechanization and automation of timber harvesting are significant. Mechanization increases production output and efficiency, and product quality. However, selecting an appropriate degree of mechanization to avoid under-utilization of expensive resources is a critical decision, and requires that the product mix, and environmental and user constraints be matched against the available technology and required performance criteria. This article describes a microcomputer-based system which queries a user on the logging and market conditions. The system then matches these user's needs to a level of mechanization that would maximize the efficiency of the production operation. The computer accomplishes this by searching a set of data bases containing information on available technology and its impact on production efficiency, economics, and the environment. The level of mechanization is determined by specific combinations of existing machines. The alternatives generated using this methodology may then be analyzed using a simulation model. This tool is intended to aid long-term, strategic level planning by both public agency engineers and private industry managers and owners. It could also be used for short term tactical planning by contractors.

506.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1990
TOBVALUE a computer publication.
Dangerfield, C. W. Jr.; Mills, F. D. Jr. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs / Fedro S. Zazueta, editor. ; January 31- February 1, 1990, Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, FL. Gainesville, FL : Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, [1990]. p. 430-436.
Includes references.
Descriptors: tobacco; market-prices; computer-software; georgia

507.
NAL Call No.: 309.9-N216
Tomato, melon, and pepper production on degradable and infrared- transmitting mulches in Oregon.
Hemphill, D. D. Jr.; Clough, G. H. Proc-Natl-Agric-Plast-Congr (22nd): p.7-12. (1990)
Paper presented at the "22nd Congress of National Agricultural Plastics Association," May 21-25, 1990, Montreal, Quebec.
Descriptors: plastic-film; mulching; rowcrops; vegetables; oregon

508.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Tomato plant response to laser bean seed treatment.
Szwonek, E.; Felczynska, A. Acta-Hortic (287): p.451-454. (1991 May)
Paper presented at the "Second International Symposium on Protected Cultivation of Vegetables in mild winter climates" October 29- November 13, 1989, Crete, Greece.
Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; seed-treatment; lasers; greenhouse-culture; yield-response-functions

Abstract: A greenhouse experiment has been conducted. After seeds had been boosted with laser light they were sown into peat substrate at increased N,P,K,Mg rates. Seed germination attributes, the growth of plants and yield were evaluated. Also nutrient concentrations in both substrate and plants were determined.

509.
NAL Call No.: aSD11.A48
A tool for assessing the impacts of mountain pine beetle and related management strategies.
Davis, M. S.; White, W. B. Gen-Tech-Rep-INT-U-S-Dep-Agric-For-Serv-Intermt- Res-Stn (262): p.37-40. (1989 May)
Paper presented at the symposium on "Management of Lodgepole Pine to Minimize Losses to the Mountain Pine Beetle," July 12-14, 1988, Kalispell, Montana.
Descriptors: computer-software; simulation-models; forest-resources; forest-management; resource-management

510.
NAL Call No.: SB121.I57-1992
Transplant production robots in Japan.
Kurata, K. Transplant production systems proceedings of the International Symposium on Transplant Production Systems, Yokokama, Japan, 21-26 July 1992 / edited by K Kurata and T Kozai. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992.. p. 313-329.
Includes references.
Descriptors: transplanting; automation; micropropagation; japan

511.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32T
Transplant size sensing using dual-wavelength reflectance.
Eddington, D. L.; Suggs, C. W.; McClure, W. F.; Miller, T. K. I. Trans-A-S- A-E v.34(3): p.1010-1015. (1991 May-1991 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: nicotiana; pot-plants; reflectance; spectral-data; sensors; size-graders; seedlings; transplanting

Abstract: A plant sensing system has been developed for detecting and rejecting undersize tobacco transplants. Fiber optic bundles were used to illuminate transplants and receive reflected near-infrared and visible red light. A computer-based sensing system was developed that resulted in 95% successful classification based on a leaf area threshold of 15 CM2.

512.
NAL Call No.: QP251.A1T5
Transvaginal ultrasound guided follicular aspiration of bovine oocytes.
Pieterse, M. C.; Vos, P. L. A. M.; Kruip, T. A. M.; Wurth, Y. A.; Beneden, T. H. v.; Willemse, A. H.; Taverne, M. A. M. Theriogenology v.35(4): p.857- 862. (1991 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cows; oocytes; collection; graafian-follicles; ultrasonography; ultrasonics; estrous-cycle; estrus; vagina; ovum-pick-up

Abstract: A transvaginal ultrasound guided follicular aspiration technique was developed for the repeated collection of bovine oocytes from natural cycling cows. In addition, the feasibility of using this method for collecting immature oocytes for in vitro embryo production was also evaluated. Puncturing of visible follicles for ovum pick-up was performed in 21 cows over a three month period. All visible follicles larger than 3 mm were punctured and aspirated three times during the estrous cycle on Day 3 or 4. Day 9 or 10 and Day 15 or 16. The mean (+/- SEM) estrous cycle length after repeated follicle puncture was 22.2 +/- 0.3 days. The mean total number of punctured follicles per estrous cycle was 12.6 +/- 0.3. The largest (P < 0.05) number of follicles punctured (5.1 +/- 0.3) for ovum pick-up was on Day 3 or 4 of the estrous cycle. The overall recovery rate of 541 punctured follicles was 55%. Most oocytes (P < 0.05) were aspirated from follicles smaller than 10 mm. Following in vitro maturation and fertilization (IVM/IVF), 104 oocytes were transferred to sheep oviducts. Six days later, 75 ova/embryos were recovered, after flushing the oviduct of the sheep, of which 24% developed into transferable morulae and blastocysts. In this study, a reliable nonsurgical, follicular aspiration procedure was used for the repeated collection of immature oocytes which could be used successfully for in vitro production of embryos. This procedure offers a competitive alternative to conventional superovulation/embryo collection procedures.

513.
NAL Call No.: 58.9-IN7
'TREEFIT'--an aid to forestry and silviculture.
Hartnup, R. Agric-Eng v.46(3): p.88-91. (1991 Autumn)
Includes references.
Descriptors: silviculture; trees; planting; computer-software; site- selection; uk; england; wales

514.
NAL Call No.: TP248.25.A96T68-1990
Trends in automation for clonal propagation by tissue culture.
Aitken Christie, J. Automation in biotechnology a collection of contributions presented at the Fourth Toyota Conference, Aichi, Japan, 21-24 October 1990 / edited by Isao Karube. Amsterdam : Elsevier c1991.. p. 235- 260.
Includes references.
Descriptors: plants; tissue-culture; micropropagation; clones; automation; robots; seedlings; transplanting

Abstract: Clonal propagation by tissue culture is frequently more expensive than other forms of propagation using cuttings or seed because it is labour intensive and more specialised. The aim of automation is to reduce the cost per plantlet by reducing labour input. Bulk handling of tissues and plantlets is essential. The main areas of clonal propagation by tissue culture that have been automated include nutrient media preparation, handling of containers in the laboratory and greenhouse, misting and watering of plantlets ex vitro, and management in the laboratory and greenhouse by computer. These aspects are more straightforward and have been easter to automate than the in vitro stages. Where in vitro automation has been attempted, the methods chosen were dependent on the growth and multiplication habits of species and where and if tissues were cut during subculture. Various aspects of in vitro automation, including liquid feeding, support systems, hedging, homogenisation, nodule culture, encapsulation and sugar-free micropropagation are discussed. Organogenic cultures are being grown, multiplied, and processed in some cases, on a pre-commercial scale in bioreactors. For shoot cultures with an upright growth habit, robotic and mechanised systems have been developed for cutting and planting nodal segments with leaves and/or meristems. Automated and robotic systems have been developed for handling (grading, trimming and transplanting) small seedlings and cuttings in the greenhouse. These systems could also be applied to plants propagated by tissue culture at the greenhouse stage. Important considerations when evaluating and developing automated systems include the cost, yields and quality of plants, contamination, damage to the tissues and vitrification. Some of the automated systems developed to date will be reviewed with respect to these points.

515.
NAL Call No.: S564.7.T87-1989
Turbofarm : a cash accounting system for farmers and ranchers. Version 3.00. Turbo farm.
Cothern, J. S.; University of California, D. C. E. Davis : UC Davis Cooperative Extension, c1989. 2 computer disks + 1 user's manual.
Title from title screen.
Descriptors: Agriculture-Accounting-Software; Farm-management-Records- and-correspondence-Software; Electronic-spreadsheets-Software

Abstract: A program that makes it possible for farmers to maintain concise financial information about their operations, i.e.: farm income and expenses, listings of land types and uses, chemical history use, depreciation information, inventory listings, net worth balance sheet, etc.

516.
NAL Call No.: HC79.E5E5
Two methods to define and compute visual buffer strips in a forested environment.
Rasmussen, W. O. Environ-Manage v.16(3): p.189-196. (1992 May-1992 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: trees; stems; vegetation; plant-effects; visibility; probability; forest-management; environmental-management; methodology; comparisons- ; overstory-vegetation; line-based-visual-buffer-strip; area-based- visual-buffer-strip; visual-impact

517.
NAL Call No.: NBU SF768.2-H67-G58-1986
Ultrasonic imaging and reproductive events in the mare.
Ginther, O. J. Madison, Wis. : University of Wisconsin-Madison, c1986. xvi, 378 p. : ill., Includes bibliographies and index.
Descriptors: Horses-Reproduction; Mares; Horses-Breeding

518.
NAL Call No.: 49-J82
Ultrasonic, needle, and carcass measurements for predicting chemical composition of lamb carcasses.
Ramsey, C. B.; Kirton, A. H.; Hogg, B.; Dobbie, J. L. J-Anim-Sci v.69(9): p.3655-3664. (1991 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lambs; carcass-composition; evaluation; measurement; ultrasonic-fat-meters; fat-thickness; live-estimation; fat-percentage; protein- percentage

Abstract: Three groups (n = 147) of New Zealand mixed breed lambs averaging 170 d of age and 31.7 kg in weight were killed after a diet of pasture to determine whether the total depth of soft tissues over the 12th rib 11 cm from the dorsal midline (GR) could be measured in live lambs with sufficient accuracy to warrant its use as a selection tool for breeding flock replacements. Relationships among live and carcass measurements and carcass chemical composition also were determined. An ultrasonic measurement of GR in the live lambs was a more accurate predictor of carcass GR (r = .87) and percentage carcass fat (r = .80) than was a measurement of GR made with a needle (r = .80 and .67, respectively). Both measurements were sufficiently accurate to permit culling of over-fat lambs from breeding flock replacement prospects. The best single indicator of percentage carcass fat (r = .87) was a shoulder fat measurement, followed closely by carcass GR (r = .85). Both were superior to USDA yield grade for estimating carcass chemical composition in these young, lightweight lambs. These two measurements also were most highly related to percentage carcass protein (r = -.78 and r = -.77, respectively). These results indicate possibilities for improving the method of evaluating the composition of U. S. lamb carcasses.

519.
NAL Call No.: 49-J82
Ultrasonic prediction of carcass merit in beef cattle: evaluation of technician effects on ultrasonic estimates of carcass fat thickness and longissimus muscle area.
Perkins, T. L.; Green, R. D.; Hamlin, K. E.; Shepard, H. H.; Miller, M. F. J-Anim-Sci v.70(9): p.2758-2765. (1992 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: beef-cattle; fat-thickness; ultrasonic-fat-meters; technicians; reliability; muscle-tissue; longissimus-dorsi; measurement

Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine technician effects of live animal ultrasonic estimates of fat thickness (FTU) and longissimus muscle area (LMAU). Steers (n = 36) representing four breed-types (Brown Swiss, Average Zebu-cross Mexican, Corriente Mexican, and typical British crossbred) of commercial slaughter cattle were isonified to estimate accuracy and repeatability of fat thickness (FT) and longissimus muscle area (LMA) measurements by two experienced technicians. Repeated measures of FTU and LMAU were taken by technicians on two consecutive days with an Aloka 500V ultrasound unit equipped with a 3.5-MHz, 172-mm scanning width, linear-array transducer. Ultrasonic estimates of fat thickness and LMAU were taken at the 12th and 13th rib interface 48 h before slaughter; carcass fat thickness (FTC) and longissimus muscle area (LMAC) were measured 48 h postmortem. Means for FTU, FTC, LMAU, and LMAC were .91 +/- .36 cm, .82 +/- .40 cm, 70.7 +/- 9.43 cm2, and 72.4 +/- 8.9 cm2, respectively. Ultrasound and carcass measures of FT and LMA were different (P < .01) among breed-types but were not different (P > . 10) between technicians or for technician X breed-type interactions. Pooled simple correlation coefficients (P < .01) were .87 and .86 between FTU and FTC and .76 and .82 between LMAU and LMAC for Technicians 1 and 2, respectively. Repeatabilities estimated by intraclass correlation methods were .91 +/- .03 and .81 +/- .06 for images repeated over 2 d and .95 +/- .02 and .83 +/- .05 for images repeated by two technicians for FT and LMA, respectively. Repeatability estimates of LMA interpretation from videotape were .86 +/- .05 within technician and .76 +/- .07 between technicians. These results indicate equal importance of ultrasonic image retrieval and interpretation by experienced evaluators when estimating FT and LMA in slaughter cattle.

520.
NAL Call No.: S671.A66
Ultrasonic tree caliper.
Upchurch, B. L.; Anger, W. C.; Vass, G.; Glenn, D. M. Appl-Eng-Agric v.8(5): p.711-714. (1992 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: fruit-trees; ultrasonic-devices; transducers; sensors; diameter; measurement; design

Abstract: A unique sensing system utilizing an ultrasonic transducer for measuring tree trunk diameters is described. The transducer with supporting electronic circuitry detected changes as small as 2.5 mm (0.1 in.). Diameters of circular objects were calculated using the time interval for sound waves to travel from the transducer to the object and back to the sensor. With a 'V' shaped hook to fix the back of the object relative to the sensor, the distance between the transducer and object decreased as the diameter increased and was highly correlated (r2 = 0.99) with the actual diameter of objects within a calibration set. The 95% confidence interval for the expected error with the unit was +/- 0.013 cm (+/- 0.005 in.) for the calibration set. On actual tree trunks, the ultrasonic caliper had a mean error of -0.05 cm (0.02 in.) with a standard deviation of 0.31 which resulted in a 95% confidence interval exceeding the desired accuracy of the unit. However, the large variance was attributed to the inability to accurately measure the tree diameter at the exact location the ultrasonic measurement was taken.

521.
NAL Call No.: 41.8-M69
Ultrasonographic determination of pregnancy in small ruminants.
Bretzlaff, K.; Edwards, J.; Forrest, D.; Nuti, L. Vet-Med v.88(1): p.12-19. (1993 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; goats; ultrasound; pregnancy-diagnosis; herd- improvement; culling; pregnancy-complications; ultrasonic-devices; texas

522.
NAL Call No.: SB4.P532
The use of a computer management system for testing candidate cereal varieties for Distinctness, uniformity and Stability and the award of Plant Breeders Rights.
Jarman, R. J.; Hampson, A. G. Plant-Var-Seeds v.4(3): p.161-168. (1991 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: plant-breeding; cereals; patents; breeders'-rights; variety-classification; cultivar-identification; computer-techniques; assessment; computer- software; uk

523.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3C652
Use of estimated breeding value microcomputer programs to improve pork production efficiency.
Schinckel, A. P. Comput-Electron-Agric v.6(1): p.63-69. (1991 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pigs; pigmeat; meat-production; genetic-improvement; breeding-value; microcomputers; computer-software; performance; reproductive- traits; growth; backfat; selection-index; boars; data-analysis; contemporary- comparisons; mathematics; on-farm-data-analysis

524.
NAL Call No.: S671.A66
The use of graphics to present the results of erosion models.
Bingner, R. L. Appl-Eng-Agric v.7(2): p.193-197. (1991 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: erosion; models; watersheds; computer-software; graphic- arts; runoff; creams; answers

Abstract: This study shows how graphical representations of a watershed system can be used to analyze the runoff and sediment yield. Combining output data from an erosion model, such as runoff, sediment yield, and particle size distribution of the eroded sediment, onto a single screen on a computer monitor, permits immediate analysis as a rainfall event occurs. This study shows how the erosion models CREAMS and ANSWERS can be modified for simulations on small and large watersheds, using graphics to enhance the results.

525.
NAL Call No.: 65.9-SO83
The use of microcomputers and spreadsheet programmes to aid replant decision making.
Tobin, P. D.; Ellis, R. D. Proc-Annu-Congr-S-Afr-Sugar-Technol-Assoc (62nd): p.169-174. (1988)
Meeting held on June 6-9, 1988, Durban and Mount Edgecombe, South Africa.
Descriptors: saccharum-officinarum; replanting; decision-making; microcomputers; computer-software; cost-analysis; crop-yield

526.
NAL Call No.: SF207.B442
Use of real-time ultrasound to identify multiple fetuses in beef cattle.
Davis, M. E.; Haibel, G. K. Ohio-Beef-Cattle-Res-Ind-Rep (92-1): p.10- 18. (1992 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: beef-cows; ultrasound; multiple-births; nutrient- requirements; aberdeen-angus; fetus; ohio

527.
NAL Call No.: aSD11.A46
A users guide for SAMM: a prototype southeast Alaska multiresource model.
Weyermann, D. L.; Fight, R. D.; Garrett, L. D. U-S-D-A-For-Serv-Gen-Tech- Rep-PNW-GTR-Pac-Northwest-Res-Stn. Portland, Or. : The Station. Aug 1991. (274) 49 p.
Descriptors: forest-resources; computer-software; timbers; hydrology; wildlife; natural-resources; models; forest-management; alaska

528.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1988
Uses of portable computers for technology transfer in extension programs for ornamental horticulture.
Verkade, S. D.; Fitzpatrick, G. E. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs Fedro S Zazueta p.729-732. (of Florida, [1988?].)
Meeting held February 10-11, 1988 at Lake Buenavista, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: microcomputers; mobile-equipment; technology-transfer; ornamental-plants; extension; laptop-computers

529.
NAL Call No.: 44.8-J822
Using advanced computer technologies to increase extension effectiveness.
Tomaszewski, M. A. J-Dairy-Sci v.75(11): p.3242-3245. (1992 Nov.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: microcomputers; information-systems; expert-systems; compact-discs

Abstract: Recent advances in microcomputer-based products provide Extension with the opportunity to revise and to update historic delivery systems. Decision support systems furnish Extension professionals, consultants, allied industries, and producers with a new resource to solve problems. Use of relational databases on the farm, updated from external databases, provides users with a new option for problem solving. Hypertext and authoring languages create new ways to manage more effectively the information available through the database. Decision support systems, using an on-farm database, can be developed to address and to evaluate more specific management problems. Use of tools that can directly access and manipulate producers' external and internal data increases the effectiveness of the Extension professional.

530.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Using computer vision for putting flower bulbs upright.
Langers, R. A. Acta-Hortic (304): p.187-198. (1992 Mar.)
Paper presented at the "First International Workshop on Sensors in Horticulture", January 29-31, 1991, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands.
Descriptors: ornamental-plants; crop-production; bulbs; position; sensors; computer-techniques

531.
NAL Call No.: 275.28-J82
Using computers in farm management education.
Powell, M.; Powell, T. A.; Green, J.; Bitney, L. J-Ext. Madison, Wis. : Extension Journal. Winter 1991. v. 29 p. 34-35.
Includes references.
Descriptors: microcomputers; farm-management; agricultural-education; surveys; nebraska

532.
NAL Call No.: SB476.G7
Using infrared thermometers.
Martin, D. L. Grounds-Maint v.26(8): p.54, 56, 58. (1991 Aug.)
Descriptors: lawns-and-turf; canopy; temperature; measurement; infrared-radiation; thermometers

533.
NAL Call No.: S544.3.C2C3
Using reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop coefficients to estimate crop evapotranspiration (ETc) for agronomic crops, grasses, and vegetable crops.
Snyder, R. L.; Lanini, B. J.; Shaw, D. A.; Priott, W. O. Leafl-Univ-Calif- Coop-Ext-Serv. Berkeley, Calif. : The Service. July 1987. (21427) 12 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: crops; evapotranspiration; water-requirements; irrigation-scheduling; computer-software; california; california-irrigation- management-information-system-cimis

534.
NAL Call No.: SF951.E62
Using ultrasonography in broodmare management. 1.
Vogelsang, M. M. Equine-Pract v.14(8): p.17-22. (1992 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: mares; ultrasonography; ultrasonic-diagnosis; reproductive-organs; pregnancy-diagnosis

535.
NAL Call No.: SF951.E62
Using ultrasonography in broodmare management. 3.
Vogelsang, M. M. Equine-Pract v.15(1): p.26, 28-32. (1993 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: mares; ultrasonic-diagnosis; reproductive-organs

536.
NAL Call No.: SB249.N6
The utilization of a geographical information system in a boll weevil field management program.
Wiygul, G.; McCoy, J.; Smith, J. W. Proc-Beltwide-Cotton-Prod-Res-Conf p.248-250. (1990)
Meeting held January 9-14, 1990, Las Vegas, Nevada.
Descriptors: anthonomus-grandis; gossypium-hirsutum; pest-management; trapping; pheromone-traps; winter; geographical-distribution; computer- software; information-systems

537.
NAL Call No.: 49-J82
Validation of real-time ultrasound technology for predicting fat thicknesses, longissimus muscle areas, and composition of Brangus bulls from 4 months to 2 years of age.
Waldner, D. N.; Dikeman, M. E.; Schalles, R. R.; Olson, W. G.; Houghton, P. L.; Unruh, J. A.; Corah, L. R. J-Anim-Sci v.70(10): p.3044-3054. (1992 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: beef-bulls; ultrasound; ultrasonic-fat-meters; longissimus-dorsi; fat-thickness; carcass-composition; carcass-yield

Abstract: Sixty Brangus bulls were evaluated live using two real-time ultrasound instruments and four technicians to estimate longissiimus muscle area (LMA) and 12th rib fat thickness (FT) every 4 mo beginning at 4 and 12 mo of age, respectively, and continuing until 24 mo of age. Ten bulls were slaughtered every 4 mo to determine actual LMA and FT 9-10-11th rib chemical composition, yield grade (YG) factors, and empty body weight EBW3. Live animal traits were used to predict 9-10-11th rib composition, YG, and EBW. Scanned mean FT was accurate (P < .05) at 16 mo and was not different (P = .09) from the actual mean FT (95% of the time the error in estimation was less than or equal to .33 cm). Scanned mean LMA was accurate (P < .05) at 12 mo (95% of the time the error in estimation was less than or equal to 20.0 cm2). Absolute differences between scanned and actual mean FT and LMA were different (P < .05) from zero for the main effects of month, operator and(or) interpreter, and instrument. Increased level of operator skill did not improve the accuracy of FT or LMA measurements, whereas increased level of skill of the interpreter of scans did improve the accuracy of LMA estimations. There was no difference (P > .05) between ultrasound instruments in accuracy of estimating FT or LMA. The most accurate prediction of YG occurred at 12 mo and incorporated LW, hip height (HH), and ultrasound LMA (R2 = .95, SD = .14). The most accurate prediction of EBW occurred at 16 mo and incorporated LW, HH, and ultrasound FT (R2 = 99, SD = 6.65 kg), whereas the most accurate equation for combined slaughter periods incorporated LW, HH, and ultrasound LMA (R2 = .99, SD = 20.71 kg). We conclude that scanning of LMA at 12 mo and of FT at 12 or 16 mo were sufficiently accurate to characterize groups of bulls; however, some individual measurements were quite inaccurate. Measurements at other months should not be considered accurate for either individuals or groups of bulls. Yield grade and EBW can be accurately estimated from live animal and ultrasound measurements, which may be useful in identifying Brangus cattle with superior cutability and may eliminate the need for serial slaughter in research projects.

538.
NAL Call No.: S671.A66
Validation of the CASPR aerial spray efficiency model.
Curbishley, T. B.; Teske, M. E.; Barry, J. W. Appl-eng-agric v.9(2): p.199-203. (1993 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: aerial-spraying; forest-management; models; costs; computer-software; estimation

Abstract: This article describes the implementation of the Baltin- Amsden formula, a method for estimating the cost of an aerial spray operation, onto personal computers through the CASPR (Computer Assisted Spray Productivity Routine) program. The CASPR predictions are compared to observed data taken during the 1991 Gypsy Moth Eradication Program run by the Utah Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry. The model is able to predict the total times of the aerial spray operation to within 23%, on average, and therefore, provides a means of estimating quickly the cost of any aerial spray operation scenario.

539.
NAL Call No.: SB193.F59
Validation of the grass model and it's potential use in western Oregon pasture management.
Ballerstedt, P. Proc-Forage-Grassl-Conf p.272-275. (1990)
Paper presented at the "Forage and Grassland Conference," June 6-9, 1990, Blacksburg, Virginia.
Descriptors: lolium-perenne; trifolium-repens; grassland-management; grazing; computer-software; oregon; hayval-programs

540.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86S8
Videography: a management tool for sustainable agriculture.
Stutte, G. W. J-Sustainable-Agric v.1(3): p.81-93. (1991)
Includes references.
Descriptors: farming-systems; sustainability; canopy; reflectance; infrared-imagery; spatial-variation; stress; computer-software; image-capture- and-analysis-system

541.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
vPETE: a phenological model built for integration into software systems.
Currans, K. G.; Croft, B. A. Acta-Hortic (276): p.35-41. (1990 July)
Paper presented at the "Second International Symposium on Computer Modelling in Fruit Research and Orchard Management," September 5- 8, 1989, Logan, Utah.
Descriptors: fruit-trees; integrated-pest-management; computer- software

Abstract: vPETE was conceived as a means to better integrate a phenological model into an expert system for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in deciduous tree fruits. We discuss vPETE as an insect phenology model driven by degree-days via an operating system technique called a "PIPE" (Ritchie and Thompson 1974). A distributed delay routine is the basis of vPETE, which configures the life cycle of an organism and expands it for new generations. vPETE simplifies phenological modeling in larger software systems and is adaptable to many systems. Operating system techniques used by vPETE are dynamic memory allocation, stream input/output, and multitasking. All output from vPETE is communicated to a graphical display program or file. No human interaction is performed. Versions of vPETE run on parallel computing platforms.

542.
NAL Call No.: SB249.N6
Water stress effects on cotton lint yield using infrared thermometry to schedule irrigations.
Husman, S. H.; Garrot, D. J. Jr. Proc-Beltwide-Cotton-Conf. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America. 1992. v. 3 p. 1109-1110.
Paper presented at the Cotton Soil Management and Plant Nutrition Conference, 1992.
Descriptors: gossypium; water-stress; lint; yields; irrigation- scheduling; arizona; waddell,-arizona

543.
NAL Call No.: S544.3.N7A4
What's the real scoop on sonic wildlife control devices.
Curtis, P. D. Agfocus-Publ-Cornell-Coop-Ext-Orange-Cty p.12. (1991 Oct.)
Descriptors: wildlife-management; sounds; pest-control; repellents; ultrasonic-devices

544.
NAL Call No.: S27.A3
Wheat aphid! A simple decision support and educational tool for economic management of the Russian wheat aphid infesting winter.
Legg, D. E.; Kumar, R. Great-Plains-Agric-Counc-Publ (142): p.62-65. (1992)
Proceedings of the Fifth Russian Wheat Aphid Conference, January 26-28, 1992, Fort Worth, Texas.
Descriptors: diuraphis-noxia; integrated-pest-management; computer- programming; computer-software; insect-control

545.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32P
Whole farm field machine cost program: WFMACH$--features, concerns, and applications.
Robb, J. G.; Ellis, D. E.; Smith, J. A. PAP-AMER-SOC-AGRIC-ENG. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. Winter 1990. (90-1560) 12 p.
Paper presented at the "1990 International Winter Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers," December 18-21, Chicago, Illinois.
Descriptors: farm-machinery; field-experimentation; costs; farm- management; microcomputers; nebraska

546.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.D3I5-1990
Whole farm linear programming--from mainframe to PC.
Harrison, W.; Peralta, F.; Benson, F. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs / Fedro S. Zazueta, editor. ; January 31- February 1, 1990, Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, FL. Gainesville, FL : Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, [1990]. p. 721-725. ill.
Includes references.
Descriptors: farm-management; microcomputers; linear-programming; extension; indiana

547.
NAL Call No.: Z672.I53
Will we manage or be managed by our technologies.
Vacin, G. L. Quar-Bull-Int-Assoc-Agric-Inf-Spec v.37(1/2): p.5-9. (1992)
IAALD Symposium on "Advances in Information Technology," September 16-20, 1991, Beltsville, Maryland.
Descriptors: computers; literacy; information-science; appropriate- technology; technical-progress

548.
NAL Call No.: QK725.I43
Workability and productivity of robotic plug transplanting workcell.
Ting, K. C.; Giacomelli, G. A.; Ling, P. P. In-Vitro-Cell-Dev-Biol- Plant v.28P(1): p.5-10. (1992 Jan.)
Paper presented at the Session-in-Depth "Robotics in Tissue Culture," at the 1991 World Congress on Cell and Tissue Culture, June 16-20, 1991, Anaheim, California.
Descriptors: transplanting; transplanters; automation; robots; greenhouses; horticulture; lifting

549.
NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
A working description of the Penn State apple orchard consultant, an expert system.
Travis, J. W.; Rajotte, E.; Bankert, R.; Hickey, K. D.; Hull, L. A.; Eby, V.; Heinemann, P. H.; Crassweller, R.; McClure, J.; Bowser, T. Plant-Dis v.76(6): p.545-554. (1992 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: malus; orchards; crop-production; expert-systems; integrated-pest-management; plant-disease-control; chemical-control; decision- making; diffusion-of-information; information-processing; microcomputers; computer-techniques; innovation-adoption; pennsylvania; disease-potential- modules; insect-threshold-modules; chemical-management-modules

550.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32P
Yield mapping winter wheat for improved crop management.
Peterson, C. L.; Hawley, K. N.; Whitcraft, J. C.; Dowding, E. A. PAP-AMER- SOC-AGRIC-ENG. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. Summer 1989. (89-7034) 19 p.
Paper presented at the 1989 International Summer Meeting, June 25-28, 1989, Quebec, PQ, Canada.
Descriptors: winter-wheat; yields; mapping; spatial-variation; idaho; washington; field-navigation

Author Index

Aakre, D. 211
Abe, T. 151
Adams, C.M. 32
Adams, E.L. 86
Agnello, A. 162
Ahmadi, A. 111, 400
Aiken, G.E. 51
Ainslie, S.J. 311
Airoldi, G. 148
Aitken Christie, J. 514
Akridge, J.T. 189
Alcoilja, E.C. 27
Alderfer, R.D. 125
Alexander, S.J. 457
Allen, G. 205
Allison, J.M. 13, 246
Allison, J.M. Jr. 329
Almorza, J. 336
Alvisi, F. 351, 451
Alwang, J. 208
American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Information and Technologies Division. 21
Amir, I. 114
Analytical Software Partners. 37
Anderson, B. 223
Anderson, J.A. 203
Anderson, J.L. 328
Andrews, P.L. 450
Andrieu, B. 56
Aneshansley, Daniel J. 357
Angelici, G.L. 282
Anger, W.C. 520
Angerer, J.P. 447
Annevelink, E. 257, 375
Arconada, A. 496
Argiriou, A. 496
Arthaud, G.J. 259
Askew, R.G. 230
Atkins, K.D. 235
Atkins, T.A. 384
Audibert, M. 496
Azain, M.J. 427
Aziz, N.M. 295
Babichenko, S.M. 355
Bachelet, D. 300
Backholer, J.R. 309
Bacon, J.R. 167
Bacsi, Z. 228
Baer, R.J. 266
Baerdemaeker, J. de 319
Bailey, D.R.C. 428
Bakhtiari, S. 342
Ball, S.T. 426
Ballerstedt, P. 539
Balsari, P. 148
Bankert, R. 549
Baptist, R. 191
Barnekov, V. 421
Barnes, P.W. 300
Barrington, S.F. 381
Barry, J.W. 538
Barry, M.C. 71
Barta, D.J. 432
Barton, F.E. II 51
Bastien, C. 345
Batchelor, W.D. 297
Batutis, E.J. 348
Bauer, L.L. 85
Baumgras, J.E. 283
Beasley, B.W. 171
Beck, M.S. 417
Beek, P. van 95
Beerepoot, G.M.M. 168
Behrens, B.D. 196
Belote, D. 129
Ben Yaakov, S. 372
Beneden, T.H. van 361, 512
Bennett, G.A. 140
Bennett, J.M. 371
Bennett, L.E. 341
Bennett, M. 220
Benson, F. 546
Benson, V.W. 182
Benyshek, L.L. 75
Berg, P.M. 87, 186
Bernard, J.K. 68
Bernardo, D.J. 127
Berry, J. 7, 129
Berry, J.S. 281, 459
Berry, S.L. 111, 400
Bertrand, J.K. 75
Bicanic, D.D. 299
Biddle, A.J. 412
Bidwell, T.G. 127
Bieniek, M. 307
Biggins, J.G. 160
Billings, R.F. 415
Bilsland, D.M. 73
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