MORNING BEFORE 10:00 EQUALLY DIVIDED IN THE USUAL FORM OF
           CLOSING REMARKS.
           

           THE PRESIDING OFFICER: IS THERE OBJECTION?
           WITHOUT OBJECTION, THE SENATOR FROM PENNSYLVANIA.
           

           MR. SPECTER: MR. PRESIDENT, I THANK THE CHAIR. MR. PRESIDENT, I
           COMPLIMENT MY DISTINGUISHED COLLEAGUE FROM TENSE TENSE FOR
           OFFERING THIS AMENDMENT. I DO SUPPORT IT. I THINK IT IS A
           SIGNIFICANT STEP FORWARD. AS I LISTENED TO THE SENATOR FROM
           TENNESSEE SPEAK, I WAS PERSUADED, HOWEVER, THAT THE CONSEQUENCE
           OR THE CONCLUSION OF HIS ELOQUENCE WAS THAT THE ENTIRE BILL FOR

           PERMANENT NORMAL TRADE RELATIONS WITH CHINA SHOULD BE DEFEATED.
           I THOUGHT THAT THE SENATOR FROM TENNESSEE MADE A VERY STRONG
           CASE THAT IT IS NECESSARY FOR THE UNITED STATES TO BE WARY OF
           WHERE CHINA -- WHERE THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA IS HEADING.
           IT IS MY HOPE -- AND I KNOW IT IS THE HOPE OF THE SENATOR FROM
           TENNESSEE -- THAT WE WILL HAVE GOOD RELATIONS WITH CHINA CHINA,
           THAT WE WILL HAVE A PEACEFUL WORLD. BUT, AS THE SENATOR FROM

           TENNESSEE ENUMERATED THE PROBLEMS WITH NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION
           AND THE POTENTIAL DIFFICULTIES FROM THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF
           CHINA CHINA, IT UNDERSCORED IN MY OWN MIND THE GRAVE CONCERNS
           ABOUT MAKING A CONCESSION AT THIS STAGE TO PERMANENT NORMAL
           TRADE REEPLGSS WITH CHINA INSTEAD OF ADVANCING THAT ECONOMIC
           BENEFIT TO CHINA ON A YEAR-BY-YEAR BASIS SO THAT THE UNITED

           STATES WOULD RETAIN SOME LEVERAGE AS TO THE CONDUCT OF CHINA.
           IT IS, I THINK, IMPORTANT TO HAVE THE KIND OF AN ANNUAL REPORT,
           WHICH THE SENATOR FROM TENNESSEE TALKS ABOUT. AND I THINK IT IS
           A GOOD IDEA TO HAVE IT AS TO RUSSIA AND NORTH KOREA AS WELL AS
           TO CHINA. BUT THE REALITY IS, AS DOCUMENTED SUBSTANTIALLY BY
           THE SENATOR FROM TENNESSEE, THERE ARE REAL POTENTIAL PROBLEMS
           ON THE HORIZON. AT THE OUTSET, MR. PRESIDENT, I WISH TO MAKE IT

           CLEAR THAT I SUPPORT THE CONCEPT OF FREE TRADE. I BELIEVE THAT
           HISTORY IS ON THE SIDE OF FREE TRADE, AND I VOTED IN FAVOR OF
           THE NORTH ATLANTIC -- OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE
           AGREEMENT IN THE FACE OF VERY CONSIDERABLE OPPOSITION TO -- OF
           MY CONSTITUENCY?
           PENNSYLVANIA AND, SIMILARLY, VOTED FOR FREE TRADE WITH THE
           CARIBBEAN COUNTRIES AND FOR FREE TRADE WITH AFRICA. AND
           ALTHOUGH NOT WITHOUT SOME QUALMS, I HAVE SUPPORTED MOST

           FAVORED-NATIONED STATUS FOR CHINA, AND THAT WAS A HOT CONCERN
           ON THIS FLOOR AND IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES FOR SOMETIME
           BECAUSE OF CHINA'S VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS. BUT IT WAS MY
           JUDGMENT THAT WE SHOULD HAVE GIVEN CHINA MOST FAVORED NATION
           STATUS TO TRY TO BUILD THEIR COUNTRY IN THE HOPE THAT IT WOULD
           MOVE TOWARD DEMOCRACY, IT WOULD MOVE TOWARD A GREATER
           RECOGNITION OF HUMAN RIGHTS. BUT IN ONE FELL SWOOP TO GRANT

           PERMANENT NORMAL TRADE RELATIONS WITH CHINA SEEMS TO ME TO BE A
           MISTAKE. I SPOKE ON THIS SUBJECT AT SOME LENGTH BACK ON MAY 17
           OF THIS YEAR -- AND I KNOW THAT THERE ARE OTHERS THAT WISH TO
           SPEAK, SO I WILL NOT REPEAT WHAT I SAID AT THAT TIME BUT WOULD
           INCORPORATE MY COMMENTS AT THAT TIME BY REFERENCE -- ON THE
           ISSUE OF PROLIFERATION, THERE IS VERY, VERY SUBSTANTIAL
           EVIDENCE THAT THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA IS HARMING THE

           INTERESTS OF WORLD PEACE. WHEN THEY SOLD THE M-11 MISSILES TO
           PAKISTAN, THAT PUT PAKISTAN IN A POSITION TO MOVE FORWARD ON A
           POTENTIAL NUCLEAR CONFRONTATION WITH INDIA, PUTTING THAT AREA
           OF THE WORLD AT RISK. WHEN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA HAS
           ASSISTED NORTH KOREA'S MISSILE PROGRAM IN PROVIDING SPECIAL
           SELL MOM TERS, THERE AGAIN THERE IS A COUNTRY, A ROGUE COUNTRY,
           WHERE THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA THREATENS THE INTERESTS OF

           WORLD PEACE. AND WHEN THEY HAVE PROVIDED ASSISTANCE TO LIBYA'S
           LONG-RANGE MISSILE PROGRAM BY ASSISTING IN THE BUILDING OF A
           HYPERSONIC WIND TUNNEL, THERE AGAIN THEY ASSIST A ROGUE NATION
           WHICH REALLY HAS THE POTENTIAL OF THREATENING WORLD PEACE.
           THERE HAS BEEN A VERY ELABORATE CHART PREPARED BY THE
           DISTINGUISHED SENATOR FROM NORTH CAROLINA, SENATOR HELMS, WHICH
           IS ON EVERY DESK IN THE ROOM. I KNOW SENATOR HELMS CAME TO THE

           FLOOR A FEW MOMENTS AGO AND WILL, NO DOUBT, SPEAK ABOUT IT. BUT
           OF PARTICULAR -- BUT IT IN PARTICULAR RAISE THE PROBLEM WE FACE
           ON BY THE CHINA YEAR, WHICH RAISES THE QUESTION, WHY GIVE AWAY
           OUR BARGAINING POWER?
           THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA THAT NATION IS VITALLY
           INTERESTED IN NORMAL TRADE RELATIONS WITH THE UNITED STATES.
           WHY NOT GRANT IT TO THEM THIS YEAR BUT RESERVE JUDGMENT NEXT
           YEAR TO WHAT HAPPENS?

           THE RECORD OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON HUMAN RIGHTS IS
           DREADFUL. TIANANMEN SQUARE IS BUT THE MASSACRES -- THE
           MASSACRES AT TIANANMEN SQUARE CONSTITUTE ONLY ONE ISSUE IN A
           LONG LINE OF FLAGRANT VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS. THESE ARE
           DETAILED IN A STATEMENT WHICH IS A PART OF THE RECORD ON MY
           SPEECH FROM MAY 17, SO I SHALL NOT DETAIL THEM AGAIN EXCEPT TO
           REFER TO THE CASE OF THE DICKENSON COLLEGE LIBRARYIAN, A

           CONSTITUENT OF MINE FROM PENNSYLVANIA. MR. SONG WENT TO CHINA
           IN AUGUST OF 1999 TO STUDY THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION AND WHILE IN
           CHINA, HE WAS UNCEREMONY YAUSLY ARRESTED WITHOUT KAURX WITHOUT
           ANY JUFIKLS AND KEPT IN JAIL FOR MONTHS. WHEN I FOUND OUT ABOUT
           THE CASE AND HAD CONSULTED WITH MR. SONG'S FAMILY AND WITH DICK
           IN INSON COLLEGE, I SPONSORED A RESOLUTION WHICH WAS
           COSPONSORED BY MANY OF MY COLLEAGUES, AND SPOKE ON THE FLOOR OF
           THE SENATE SAYING THAT IF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA WANTED

           TO BE ACCORDED A SEAT WITH THE NATIONS. WORLD ON MATTERS LIKE
           TRADE OR ON MATTERS GENERALLY, THEY WOULD HAVE TO HAVE A DECENT
           LEGAL SYSTEM; THEY WOULD HAVE TO NOT ARREST PEOPLE WITHOUT ANY
           CAUSE; AND SHORTLY THEREAFTER WHEN I SOUGHT A MEETING WITH THE
           CHINESE AMBASSADOR TO THE UNITED STATES STATES, THE MORNING OF
           OUR MEETING, I HEARD A RUMOR THAT MR. SONG WAS GOING TO BE
           RELEASED AND IN LATE JANUARY HE WAS IN FACT RELEASED. I HAD A

           VERY INTERESTING DISCUSSION WITH THE P.R.C. AMBASSADOR TO THE
           UNITED STATES STATES. HE ADMONISHED ME ABOUT MEDDLING IN
           INTERNAL P.R.C. AFFAIRS, AND I HAD A FEW RESPONSES ABOUT THE
           P.R.C. RECORD ON HUMAN RIGHTS, ESPECIALLY AS THEY RELATED TO
           THE DETENTION OF MY CONSTITUENT FOR MANY MONTHS WITHOUT ANY
           JUSTIFICATION. AND THEN I SAID THAT I PERSONALLY WAS CONCERNED
           ABOUT HAVING GOOD RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE

           PEEMS REPUBLIC OF CHINA, A NATION OF 1.2 BILLION PEOPLE. AND
           THE P.R.C. AMBASSADOR QUICKLY CORRECTED ME. IT'S NOT 1.2
           BILLION PEOPLE, HE SAID. IT'S 1.25 BILLION PEOPLE. SO THAT
           THAT'S NO DOUBT ABOUT THE P.R.C.'S RECOGNITION P.R.C.'S ONLY
           POWER, AND THEY ARE EMERGING AS THE SECOND MAJOR SUPERPOWER IN
           THE WORLD. AND THAT'S FINE SO LONG AS THEY COMPLY WITH THE

           NORMS OF A CIVILIZED WORLD. AND THAT REQUIRES NON
           NONPROLIFERATION AND THAT REQUIRES RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS.
           NOW WE HAVE TWO OTHER MATTERS WHICH HAVE COME INTO THE
           FORERECENTLY, BOTH ISSUES WHERE THE SENATOR FROM TENNESSEE AND
           I HAVE BEEN INVOLVED COLLABORATIVELY. ONE IS ON THE ISSUE OF
           THE EFFORTS BY THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA TO INFLUENCE
           UNITED STATES ELECTIONS, AND THE SECOND IS THE EFFORT OF THE

           PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON ESPIONAGE. AND CHINA HAS
           PORTRAYED A VERY VERY, VERY AGGRESSIVE POSTURE, IN MY JUDGMENT.
           CHINA HAS MOVED AHEAD WITH MANY PEOPLE WHO HAVE MADE
           CONTRIBUTIONS IN THE POLITICAL ARENA IN FLAT VIOLATION OF
           UNITED STATES LAW AND THERE ARE CASES NOW DOCUMENTED OF THE
           AGGRESSIVE EFFORTS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON

           ESPIONAGE. THE JUDICIARY SUBCOMMITTEE WHICH I CHAIR ON
           DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE OVERSIGHT HAS PREPARED A VERY LENGTHY
           REPORT ON DR. PETER HUN YI LEE. DR. LEE ON OCTOBER 7 AND 8 OF
           1997 CONFESSED TO THE F.B.I. THAT HE HAD PROVIDED CLASSIFIED
           NUCLEAR WEAPONS DESIGN AND TESTING INFORMATION TO SCIENTISTS OF
           THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON TWO OCCASIONS IN 1985 AND HAD

           GIVEN CLASSIFIED ANTISUBMARINE WARFARE INFORMATION TO THE
           CHINESE IN MAY OF 1997. NOW, IT IS TRUE THAT ESPIONAGE IS NOT
           LIMITED TO THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, BUT WHEN THEY
           RECRUIT A SCIENTIST IN THE UNITED STATES AND ACQUIRE
           INFORMATION ABOUT OUR CLASSIFIED NUCLEAR WEAPONS DESIGN AND
           INFORMATION ON OUR ANTISUBMARINE WARFARE PROCEDURES, THAT IS A

           MATTER OF CONSIDERABLE IMPORTANCE. THERE IS ANOTHER MAJOR CASE
           WHICH IS VERY MUCH IN THE FOREFRONT TODAY, HAS BEEN FOR SOME
           CONSIDERABLE PERIOD OF TIME, AND THAT IS THE CASE VOFERG DR.
           WEN HO LEIGH WHERE THIS MORNING'S MEDIA ACCOUNTS DISCLOSE THAT
           LATER TODAY, WITHIN A FEW HOURS, THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE HAS
           AGREED TO A PLEA NEGOTIATION FOR ONE COUNT OF A 59-COUNT

           INDICTMENT CONCERNING TAKING CLASSIFIED MATERIAL AND NOT
           MAINTAINING THE APPROPRIATE CLASSIFICATION. NOW, THIS IS A CASE
           WHICH WAS UNDER INVESTIGATION BY THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
           OVERSIGHT SUBCOMMITTEE WHICH I CHAIR, AND WE HAD LOOKED INTO IT
           FROM OCTL OF LAST YEAR UNTIL-- --FROM OCTOBER OF LAST YEAR
           UNTIL DECEMBER 14, WHEN THE F.B.I. ASKED THAT WE CEASE OUR
           OVERSIGHT INQUIRIES BECAUSE DR. WEN HO LEE WAS BEING INDICTED.

           BUT WE HAD -- AND WE COMPLIED WITH THAT REQUEST SO THAT THERE
           WOULD BE NO QUESTION AT ALL ABOUT ANY INTERFERENCE IN THE
           PROSECUTION OF DR. WEN HO LEE. NOW THAT THE MATTER IS FINISHED,
           WE WILL VE AHEAD VERY PROMPTLY ON THAT OVERSIGHT INVESTIGATION.
           BUT THE CASE AGAINST DR. WEN HO LEE IS AN EXTRAORDINARY ONE
           WHICH RAISED VERY, VERY SERIOUS QUESTIONS ABOUT WHETHER DR. WEN
           HO LEE PROVIDED TO THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA HIGHLY

           CLASSIFIED INFORMATION. THE INVESTIGATION AS TO DR. LEE
           PROCEEDED FROM 1982, WAS ACCELERATED IN 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996,
           AND 1997, AND THEN THERE WAS A REQUEST BY THE F.B.I., WHICH WAS
           A PERSONAL REQUEST FROM F.B.I. DIRECTOR LOUIS FREEH,
           TRANSMITTED BY A RANK ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, JOHN LOUIS, WHO WENT
           PERSONALLY TO ATTORNEY GENERAL RENO. ATTORNEY GENERAL RENO

           ASSIGNED THE MATTER TO A MAN NAMED DAVID SICALI, WHO HAD NEVER
           HAD ANY EXPERIENCE WITH AN APPLICATION FOR A WARRANT UNDER THE
           FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE ACT. AND IN THE CONTEXT WHICH
           WAS REASONABLY CLEAR THAT THE WARRANT SHOULD HAVE BEEN GRANTED,
           ATTORNEY GENERAL RENO REJECTED THAT APPLICATION. THEN
           INEXEXPLICABLY FROM AUGUST OF 1998 UNTIL DECEMBER OF 1999, SOME
           14 MONTHS, THE F.B.I. DID NOT ACT TO FURTHER INVESTIGATE DR.

           WEN HO LEE. THEN WHEN THE COX COMMISSION WAS ABOUT TO PUBLISH A
           REPORT IN JANUARY OF 1999, SUDDENLY THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
           AND THE F.B.I. SPRANG INTO ACTION. BUT DID NOT TAKE ANY STEPS
           TO TERMINATE DR. LEE UNTIL MARCH -- AND NO STEPS TO GET A
           SEARCH WARRANT UNTIL APRIL. NOW, THERE'S NO DOUBT THAT DR. LEE
           -- DR. WEN HO LEE IS ENTITLED TO THE PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE
           AS TO PASSING ANY MATTERS TO THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

           WHICH WAS THE ESSENCE OF THE F.B.I. INVESTIGATION. BUT EQUALLY,
           THERE IS NO DOUBT
{END: 2000/09/11 TIME: 14-30 , Mon.  106TH SENATE, SECOND SESSION}