950 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. Climatological Data for June, 1910. D I S T R I C T No. 12, COLUMBIA VALLEY. EDWARD A. BEAU. Dlstrlct Edltor. GENERAL SUMMARS. June, 1910, in the Columbia Valley was a quiet, month, wit.11 no severe storms nor any wide departures from iiorinal concli- tions. The rainfall was deficient, which caused unusually low stages in the smaller tributaries of the iiiain rivers, and in some localities a scarcity of water for irrigation and mining purposc~s. Navigation was suspended in tho upper st.ret,ches of the Willa- mette River on account of low water in coniiect,ioii wit,li gravel bars which formed duri!ig the high water last wint.er. Thv rain that fell came opportunely, and the deficiency was not. so noticealde in the agricultural sections as otherwise ~voultl have been the case. The temperature estrenies covered a wide range as is usual, without being damaging. The very low temperatures all occurred at high elevations, where 61it.y we common nearly every month in the gear, and the high teni- peratures were not higher than usual for t,he 1iiont.h of June. Outdoor work proceeded without interrupt.ion, and crops in general macle favorable aclvaiicement. TEMPERATURE. The mean temperature, as determined from the records of 223 stations, was 59.S", which is 0.5" below t,he average. Over the eastern portion of the dist,rict, the mean temperatures were generally above the normal, while elsewhere abnormally low inean temperatures obtained. The greatest. dqxirtures I)elow the seasonal average were -4.7" in the Yakiina Valley of ten- tral Washington, -3.S" in southwestern Oregon, -2.5" to -3.5 " in western and northwe.$t.ern Washingt.on, antl slso in portions of the Snake River Valley. The greatest tlepart.urw above the normal temperatures were +3.0° and O V C ~ in Idaho, eastern Oregon, and eastern Montana. The warmest sections were in the drainage area of t.he Snakc River a.long the micldle portion of it.s course, where mean tem- peratures of 65" to 78" occurred, and along the lower course of the Columbia River in central Washington and as far as t,lic mouth of Deschutes River, where the mean temperatures were 60" to 68". The coolest sections were, as usual, along the coasts, and in the elevated districts of the interior. There were no really pronounced cold spells, the minimum temperatures were generally recorded during the first three clays over the western portion of the district, while in Moiit,aiia the cold period was prolonged throughout the greater portion of the first decade. R.elatively cool weather ohtained on t.he 12th and 13th, ancl again on the 21st, 22~1, 33~1, ant1 24t,h. Abnormally wariii weather ol)t.ainetl quite generally on the Ot,h and 10th and from the 24th to 2Gtli, while in tlie extwine eastern portion of the district the latter period was prolong4 another day, and other relatively warm spells were the 1St.h and 15th, as well as the 18th ancl 19th. The highest mean temperature was 78.0 " at Huntington, Oreg., in the Blue Mountains, 011 the watershed of the Snake River, at an elevation of 2,110 feet, and the lowest was 45.3 " at Musick, Oreg., in the Uiiipqua River drainage area, at an elevation of 5,000 feet. The highest recorded temperature was 105" at Vale, Oreg., in the Malheur River Basin, at an elevation of 2,450 feet, on the 26th, and the lowest was 20" at Range, Oreg., in the John Day Basin, at an elevation of 3,500 fect,, on the 2d; 6th, ancl 7th. PRECIPITATION. The average precipitation, as deteriiiiiiecl froin the records of 323 stations, was 0.85 inch, which is about 0.50 inch below t,he normal. The monthly amounts were more than 1.00 inch kiss than the average in portions of the coast drainage area in northwestern Oregon and northwestern Washingt,on, in the Chantle Roncle River Basin in northeastern Oregon, near the heatlwat~rrs of the Snake R.iver in Idaho, and in the upper valley of the (.kluml:)ia in east.ern Washingt.on, as well as near t,lie headwaters of its branches in Montana. In only a few 1ocalit.ies were there cscesses of June rainfall antl the amounts were generally sinall. The rainfall was generally quite well tlistrihut,c.tl t,liroughout, t.he month, and the precipitation, as usual. W:EA 1icAsviest. along the slopes of blie C'ascade Mountains and wcwt.wartl t.0 t,he coast. .4lthough amounts of 1 .OO inch ant1 over fell (luring the month in port,ions of central antl north- eastcrii Oregon, in nort,lieast,ern \Vashington, northern Idaho, :tnd west.erii h,Iont,ana, t.liere was at, the end of the month a general need of more rain in that port,ion of t.he district lying (last. CJf thc Chscsclr Mount,nins. Thc great.est. mont,lily precipitat.ion was 4.55 inches at Musick, Orrg. on t,he Umpqua wat.rrshecl, at. an elevat,ion of 5,000 feet, and none occurred at. i stations i n the inberior, at elevations hetween 1,200 antl 3,100 feet. The great,est, 34-hour rainfall was 5.50 inches a t Quiniault, Wash., on the 20th. Other heavy 84-hour falls of 1 inch or over occurred on the 11th at 20 stat.ions, on t,he 19t.h at 1 station, antl on t,he 20th at 5 stations, lrrsitles t,he one ment~ioned ahove. These stat.ions are all in the (-'east,, I'uget. Sound, or t,lie lower Coluiiihia drainage areas. The snow in t.hc higher rlevat,ions was nearly all melted at t,hc cntl of 6 1 1 t h niont.li, t.liere being only a small amounta left! i n t.he lws esposecl places. This iiitrltiiig took place a month t.0 sis wecks ettrlier t,lian usual, and t.he flow of water in all interior st.renms was t.lie average for the swsoii. As a caonsequence, the f l t ~~ of wat,c~ for irrigat.ion purposes in soiiir sect.ions will prob- aLly be less tliaii neetld. aiicl placer mining is already Iwing haniperetl by lack of sufficient, stream flow. THE RIVERS. hlay closed 1vit.h generally falling stages at, all river-gaging st.at.ions, aiitl the decrease throughout the month of June was, for t.he most, part, c1riit.e uniform. The June rains were quite well c-list,ribut,erl throughout! the clist,rict, but the periods of heaviest. rainfall ocwrrerl near the end of the first and also near the end of the second decade, ancl though the precipitation, in some inst,ances was comparat.ively heavy, the escess, or run-off, operat,etl merely t.o produce a slight rise in t.he streams for a (Ivy or so, when the falling st,:tges recommencetl. The highest, stages were ncar the 1st of the monbh, in most cases occurring on t,lie Id., while tlie lowest. readings were recorded quite gen- erally on t,he last (lay of the monbh. The C',)Zrr,,ibin.-TliP falling stages of t.hc watcr at the various stdons. as iiot.ec1 on the last, of May. really marked the end of t,lie ttnnual rise in the Coluiii1)ia. and the waters continued fall- ing tluring June. The highest stages occurred quite generally on d~iiie 1. though in some instances there was a delay until the 3cl or 4th, and tlie stages reginterecl for several clays were npprosimately the same. The only really rainy period of the iiionth occurred cluring the second decade, but. as tlie greater port,ion of the water was absor1)ecl by the soil, there was no marked change in the slowly decreasing stages of the river, and the lowest readings of t.he moiith occurred uniformly on the 30th. A 13-year record at Cascade Locks shows two instances where the June st,ages a t that station were lower than that for the present year; at Celilo, with an 8-year record, two lower stages are recorded; at Uniat,illa, a record of 16 years shows t,liree lower iiiean stages, ancl the same number of lower stages are shown at. Weiiat,chee, which has a record for 11 gears, while a t The Dalles, where records have been kept, for 17 years, there have been 4 years when the mean June stages were lower than that of the present June. JUNE, 1910. MONTHLP WEATHER REVIEW. 951 As compared with past years' stages, the averagp for the month was: At Wenatchee, 2.4 feet below the norinal; at, Dmatilla, 3.0 feet below; at, Northport, 4.0 feet below; at Van- couver, 4.7 feet! below; at The Dalles, 5.0 feet below, ancl a6 Cascade Locks, S.2 feet below. As compared with the height. of the water cluring the preceding month, the mean stage was 1.8 foot lower at Wenatchee, 2.6 feet lower at Umat,illa, 3.3 feet lower at Vancouver, and 4.7 feet lower at The Dalles, while at Northport the mean June stage was 0.6 foot. higher than that for May. The river at Vancouver fell steadily from 17.2 feet. on t.he lst, t.0 10.8 feet on the 30th; atr the Dalles it! rose from 23.9 f w b on t.he 1st to 29.2 feet on t.he 3cl and i t h , ani1 t,lien fell steadily t.o 30.3 feet, on the 2Sth, on which c1at.e the river gage was de- stroyed by a boat colliding with the piling to which t,he gngi. was nttachecl, the act,ual &age on June :30 was approsimat.ely 19.5 feet; at, Umatillrt t.he river was ahout st,at.ionary during the first, 4 clays of the inoiith at a stage of 17.S feet,, but, from t,lie 5th to the close of the inont,h there was mi uiiinberrupt.c.tl fall, the reading on the 30th being 12.9 feet: at Wenat.chre t,liere was a fall from 33.S feet 011 the 1st) t.o 27.2 feet on the 30t,li: ancl at Northport, the fall was from 28.6 on t,he 1st t.0 16.8 on t.he 30t,l1. Navigation on the Columbia was not intcrrupbed during the month. The ,IS'dz.-The mean of the daily stages at t,lic several stations for the month averaged 4.5 feet below t,liat for May, and it was 4.0 feet below the normal for June. The water w :~ highest from the 2cl t.0 t,he 4th, ant1 the lowest. on t,he :30t,h. At, Lewiston the river fell from 11.0 feet on t.he 1st t.o 3.4 fret, on t,hc 30th; at Iveiser there was a slight, rise from 7.5 fecit. 011 t,lic Ist, t.0 '7.9 feet! on t.lie 4th, niitl blieii u gradual fall t.0 2.2 feet. (~11 the 30th; at Riparia, a rise from 10.3 feet, on t.he 1st to 10.9 feet. on the 2rl ant1 3d was followed by falling st,ages, reitching n rwiling of 4.4 feet on t.he 30th. Navigation was not, impeilctl, t,he regular weekly boat service t.0 Asot.in, Wanli., whicli is 6 miles above Lewiston, being maint,ainetl t,lirougliout t,he moi~ t.11, and on June 9 a trip was inntle to the niout,h of t,he Chntlc Rontle River, 38 miles above Lewiston. Thc h a t service on the Snake River was, however. cliscont.iiiuet1 011 June 30, owing to the low stage of the water, the gage reading at Lewiaton on that date being 3.1 feet. The WiZlnnwtfe.-This river continued t.o fall throughout June, the highest stages occurring on the lst., and tlie lowest generally froin the 2Sth to the 30th. At st.at.ions on tribut,ary streains the highest water occurred l)et,ween the 1st. and the 13th, and at Estacada on the (.:lackamas River, the lowest. read- ing occurred on the 15th, 2Stl1, and 29t.h. The ineitn st,agr of the Willainett~e ranged between a iiorinal st.:ige atr Wilsonville niitl 3.7 feet below norinal ab Port.land, and was 2.1 fecit below iiormal at Salem, and 1.6 foot below at. Alhany. The June mean st.ages at all stations wiw uiiif(mn1y lower than those for the preceding month, being 1 .3 foot lower at Eugene, 1.5 foot lower at Albany, 1.7 foot lower at Salem, and 3.3 feet lower at. Portland. The great difference that appears at Port.lantl was probably due to the high May stage which was caused by back- water from the Columbia. At Eugene the fall from the 1st to the 30th was so gradual that, generally, it, coulcl not be readily measured, and the record shows 4 feet from tlie 1st t o the 5th, inclusive, 3.6 feet on the 6th, and 3.0 feet for the remainder of the month. A t Albany there was a steady fall from 2.3 feet on the 1st to 1.6 foot on the last 3 clays of the month. At Salem, a stage of 1.5 foot on the 1st and 2d decreased t.0 0.6 foot on the 29th aiid 30th. At Wilsonville, there was a steady fall froni 3.7 feet! on t.he 1st to 2.1 feet on the 29th, a rise to 2.9 feet, being recorded on the 30th, and at Portlancl, the fall was from 16.7 feet, which is 1.7 foot above flood stage, on the 1st to 10.4 feet, or 4.6 feet below the floocl stage, on the 30th. On account of tlie low water and gravel bars, navigation was not possible above the mouth of the Yaniliill River, hit regular trips werc made throughoat the month to Newberg, which is a few miles below that point. REPORTS OF STAGES OF STREAMS I N MONTANA DURING JUNE, AND T H E PROSPECTIVE FLOW O F WATER FOR T H E REMAINDER OF T H E SEASON. M issoula watershed-Bison Mountain : The, Little Blackfoot is very much lower than usual. The snow in the mountains has all disappeared, the drifts having melted a month to 6 weeks earlier than usual. Bald Butte: There is less snow in the high mountains than for many years at this season. Hat (keel:: There is 110 snow left in this locality, and t.he flow of wat.er in the st,reams is now much below the average. The hay crop will be cut. short. on account of lack of water for irrigation. Ophir : Placer iiiining has been hampered by the shortage of water in tlie streams, the flow of which miners report to be less t,lian half t,he average. KO snow remains in places where i t usually lasts till the latt,er part. of July. ' Bitt~rroot ,ii~ntershPd.-Darhy : The Bitterroot River is as low as it usually is at the beginning of August. There has been no shortage of water for irrigation up t.o t.he present time, but t.hc supply for July and August, will lie largely dependent on rains. There is still some snow in the higher mountains, but t,liere are fewer drifts t.han usual a t the close of June. Sula: The Enat Fork is lower t.lian usual at tlie close of June. The snow hns melted earlier than usual in most, places, but there are st.ill some drifts reinnining a t high elevat.ions in the Bit.terroot Mountnitins. C'lnrks Fork Irntcl.slred.-Tlie \d e r is as loa as it. usually is a iiioiibli lat,cr. Tlir: snow, escept ilrift.a, iiieltetl earlier than heretofore, niitl very lit,t,lc rciiiainecl in t.lic mountains at the end of June. Halt.ese: The Pt.. Regis River is unusually low. Thc snow in blic Bit,t.erroot, hlount,ains melt.ecl earlier than usual, niitl t.liere will 1-ie n shortage of water during July aiid August. Noxon: The flow of mat.er in Bull R.iver was near t.he average (luring June. There are still soiiie deep snow drifts on the nort,h slopes, but. t.he indications are for low mater the remainder of the season. Kootenni iontershe~~.--Siiowslioe : There is still some snow in t.he drainage hasina of Snowshoe ant1 Libby creeks, but the stage of water is lower than usual for June.--R. F. I-otmg, ,5ectioii. Director. MISCELLANEOUS PHENOMENA. The prevailing winds were from the west. The amount of sunshine was nearly normal, escept at! Seattle, where t.liere was a consiclerahle deficiency. The percentage of possible sunshine was $5 at Spokane, 43 at, Seat,tle, and 56 at Portlancl. Frosts were general in t,he interior during the early part of the mont,h, serious damage t.0 the apple crop renult.ing at a few places. Thunclerst.orms were of frequents occurrence and were reported generally on the 5th, Gth, 19t,li, and 20th. Several places aiiff erecl froin hailst.orins, that at Dufur, Oreg., on t.he 20th, which seriously clanmgecl the apples over a wide area, being the severest. Sleet was reported at Uphir, Mont., on the 8th; Solar halos were observed on the 5th, loth, Uth, and 25th, and in some places on other dates. An unusually severe sand storm occurred at The Dalles, Oreg., on the 11th. The highest wind was reported from North Head, Wash., where a maximum of 62 miles per hour from the southeast was reached on the 30th. AVALANCHES IN THE CASCADES AND NORTHERN _. - . .. .... .. ROCKY MOUNTAINS DURING WINTER OF 1900-10. By EDW.4RD A. BEAU, District Forecaster. For a week beginning February 25 and ending March 3, 1910, there were a great many avalanches in the Cascade ancl northern Rocky mountains. Avalanches in these mountains are of coni- mon occurrence every year, but this year there were more than ever before known, and not only were they heavier and more frequent in places where they occur every year, but in places 958 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. TAEL~ I.--ClimatdogieaI data for June, 1910. Disirid No. 13, Cdumbia V&g. JUNE, 1910 Stationa. Observers. - ,, ........ ............ Monlana. 1 1 Ansconda: .............. Deer Lodge. ........... 5.300 I 9 C o m o p ................. Ravalli ...................... Bison. Powell. Dayton .................. Flathead .............. I 2:W . EnatAnaconda$. ........ Deer Lodge. .......... 5 500 1 Hamilton.. .............. Ravalli. ............. .I 3:575 I 7 Hat.&ek.. ............ .I Powell. ............... 6 OOO .... Flathead ............ ..I 2:965 I 11 k!&k:::::::::::::::I DeerLodge ............ 5,200 ... McGinnis Meadows.. .... , Lincoln.. ................... .I ... Miaaoula. ................ Missoula. ........... ..I 3 225 I 33 Ophi .................... Powell ................ 8:SOO : Ovando ...................... dq. ................ 10' Plaina. .................. Sanders.. ............ .I 2 475 I2 Plenaant Valley .......... Flathead .............. 3:500 I 3 St. Igna tius... ........... Mioula. ............ .i 2: 700 i f St. Regia.. .................. .do. ................ 2 650 Saltan.. .................... .do. ................ 3.600 Snowshoe. ............... Lincoln. .............. I 4 5w Uomr Lake McDonald ...I Flathead .............. 3.300 I 2 ................... ............... Columbia Falls. ......... Flathead .............. 3 :b i'ii' Fortipe.. ................ Lincoln ............ ..I 2'975 I 4 Phi!ipsburg. ............. Granite. .............. I 51275 1"7 Polson. ..................... .do. ............... .I 2.920 2 i 04' Darby ....................... do. ................ 3 825 I 1 6 4 207 Troy ......................... do .................. 1:SSO I14 C. D. Demond. C. H. Anderson. Mrs. I. M. Kennedy. Hiram Platt. W. A. Kerlee. Charlea Frost. C. D. Demond. Hike Petery. J. B. Currie. Y. K. Landreth. U. 8. Weather Bureuu. Frank Henault. H. L. Beebe. U. 8. Weather Bureau. E. 8. Wilton. 8. B. Muchmore. 0. T. Bramble. A. D. Stillman. F. P. Brown. U. S. Reelamation 8ervice. R. D. Le. m. €1. Pierce. n. 19 ........ ....... 59.G ....... 62.4 07 20 ..... ....... .... .. ....... ....... 2r; I 4 j 511 i 1.6s - 11.5s 11.m 27'" 3 54:s 2. I 3 I . .... .I 0.4? 45 4t 42 T. !- 1.62 T. 2.5 ' I:$ . 13 II 411 I .. ..... .I II. 15 3ti I 4 43 I 1:s. ......... n.58 3':: !i 50 1.aa 1 ........ I II 44 311 . i:j 5s I 0.26 ,. ..... .I n: 17 ;. .. .:. .. I 0.811 ........ 11.30 .,-: ..., I 2 ' 3 s 1.21 ,__._.. . n.52 34 24 52 11. 5.5 ; - 1. 50 j 11. 511 34 I ! 3 34 I' 1.23 ' . ...... .I 0.34 . I ! ............. 5!1.5 + 0 7 , 5i. 4 ....... .' 03.0 I + 3.1 ......I ..... :..I . . .._I ...... 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