Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Lynn Wingard Publication_Date: 200811 Title: Ecosystem History of South Florida Estuaries Data Edition: version 3 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital database Online_Linkage: http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchange/flaecohist/ Description: Abstract: The Ecosystem History Access Database contains listings of all sites (modern and core), modern monitoring site survey information, and published core data. Two general types of data are contained within this database: 1) Modern Field Data and 2) Core data - primarily faunal assemblages Purpose: Scientists over the past few decades have noticed that the South Florida ecosystem has become increasingly stressed. The purposes of the ecosystem history projects (started in 1995) are to determine what south Florida's estuaries have looked like over time, how they have changed, and what is the rate and frequency of change. To accomplish this, shallow sediment cores are collected within the bays, and the faunal and floral remains, sediment geochemistry, and shell biochemistry are analyzed. Modern field data are collected from the same region as the cores and serve as proxies to allow accurate interpretation of past depositional environments. The USGS South Florida Ecosystem History Project is designed to integrate studies from a number of researchers compiling data from terrestrial, marine, and freshwater ecosystems within south Florida. The project is divided into 3 regions: Biscayne Bay and the Southeast coast, Florida Bay and the Southwest coast, and Terrestrial and Freshwater Ecosystems of Southern Florida. The purpose of the projects is to provide information about the ecosystem's recent history based on analyses of paleontology, geochemistry, hydrology, and sedimentology of cores taken from the south Florida region. Data generated from the South Florida Ecosystem History project will be integrated to provide biotic reconstructions for the area at selected time slices and will be useful in testing ecological models designed to predict floral and faunal response to changes in environmental parameters. Biscayne Bay is of interest to scientists because of the rapid urbanization that has occurred in the Miami area and includes Biscayne National Park. Dredging, propeller scars, and changes in freshwater input have altered parts of Biscayne Bay. Currently, the main freshwater input to Biscayne Bay is through the canal system, but many scientists believe subsurface springs used to introduce fresh groundwater into the Bay ecosystem. Study of the modern environment and core sediments from Biscayne Bay will provide important information on past salinity and seagrass coverage which will be useful for predicting future change within the Bay. Plant and animal communities in the South Florida ecosystem have undergone striking changes over the past few decades. In particular, Florida Bay has been plagued by seagrass die-offs, algal blooms, and declining sponge and shellfish populations. These alterations in the ecosystem have traditionally been attributed to human activities and development in the region. Scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) are studying the paleoecological changes taking place in Florida Bay in hopes of understanding the physical environment to aid in the restoration process. As in Biscayne Bay, scientists must first determine which changes are part of the natural variation in Florida Bay and which resulted from human activities. To answer this question, scientists are studying both modern samples and piston cores that reveal changes over the past 150-600 years. These two types of data complement each other by providing information about the current state of the Bay, changes that occurred over time, and patterns of change. Terrestrial ecosystems of South Florida have undergone numerous human disturbances, ranging from alteration of the hydroperiod, fire history, and drainage patterns through implementation of the canal system to expansion of the agricultural activity to the introduction of exotic species such as Melalueca, Australian pine, and the Pepper Tree. Over historical time, dramatic changes in the ecosystem have been documented and these changes attributed to various human activities. However, cause-and-effect relationships between specific biotic and environmental changes have not been established scientifically. One part of the South Florida Ecosystem History group of project is designed to document changes in the terrestrial ecosystem quantitatively, to date any changes and determine whether they resulted from documented human activities, and to establish the baseline level of variability in the South Florida ecosystem to estimate whether the observed changes are greater than what would occur naturally. Specific goals of this part of the project are to 1) document the patterns of floral and faunal changes at sites throughout southern Florida over the last 150 years, 2) determine whether the changes occurred throughout the region or whether they were localized, 3) examine the floral and faunal history of the region over the last few millennia, 4) determine the baseline level of variability in the communities prior to significant human activity in the region, and 5) determine whether the fire frequency, extent, and influence can be quantified, and if so, document the fire history for sites in the region. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19940224 Ending_Date: 20080320 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: In Work Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Description_of_Geographic_Extent: Biscayne Bay, Florida Bay, and southwest Florida coast Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -81.83 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -80 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 26.5 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.75 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Theme_Keyword: biology Theme_Keyword: geologic core Theme_Keyword: geology Theme_Keyword: pollen Theme_Keyword: ecosystem history Theme_Keyword: molluscs Theme_Keyword: diatoms Theme_Keyword: ostracodes Theme_Keyword: foraminifera Theme_Keyword: gastropods Theme_Keyword: pelecypods Theme_Keyword: vegetation Theme_Keyword: ecology Theme_Keyword: geography Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: biota Theme_Keyword: climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: 002 Theme_Keyword: 004 Theme_Keyword: 007 Theme_Keyword: 008 Theme_Keyword: 012 Theme_Keyword: 014 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Department of Commerce, 1995, Countries, Dependencies, Areas of Special Sovereignty, and Their Principal Administrative Divisions, Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 10-4, Washington, D.C., National Institute of Standards and Technology Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: US Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: U.S. Department of Commerce, 1987, Codes for the identification of the States, the District of Columbia and the outlying areas of the United States, and associated areas (Federal Information Processing Standard 5-2): Washington, D. C., NIST Place_Keyword: Florida Place_Keyword: FL Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Department of Commerce, 1990, Counties and Equivalent Entities of the United States, Its Possessions, and Associated Areas, FIPS 6-3, Washington, DC, National Institute of Standards and Technology Place_Keyword: Broward County Place_Keyword: Collier County Place_Keyword: Miami-Dade County Place_Keyword: Monroe County Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Geographic Names Information System Place_Keyword: Everglades National Park Place_Keyword: Biscayne Bay Place_Keyword: Florida Bay Place_Keyword: Barnes Key Place_Keyword: Bob Allen Key Place_Keyword: Clive Key Place_Keyword: Johnson Key Place_Keyword: Pass Key Place_Keyword: Rabbit Key Place_Keyword: Russell Key Place_Keyword: Whipray Basin Place_Keyword: Sprigger Bank Place_Keyword: Trout Creek Place_Keyword: Manatee Bay Place_Keyword: Big Cypress National Preserve Place_Keyword: Bottle Key Place_Keyword: Butternut Key Place_Keyword: Cape Sable Place_Keyword: Duck Key Place_Keyword: Ironwood Channel Place_Keyword: Lignumvitae Basin Place_Keyword: Little Blackwater Sound Place_Keyword: Little Madeira Bay Place_Keyword: Nest Key Place_Keyword: Old Dan Bank Place_Keyword: Old Sweat Bank Place_Keyword: Park Key Place_Keyword: Peterson Keys Place_Keyword: Porjoe Key Place_Keyword: Schooner Bank Place_Keyword: Black Point Place_Keyword: Card Bank Place_Keyword: Featherbed Bank Place_Keyword: Pelican Bank Place_Keyword: Little Blackwater Sound Place_Keyword: Lostmans River Place_Keyword: Harney River Place_Keyword: Shark River Place_Keyword: Tarpon Bay Place_Keyword: McCormick Creek Place_Keyword: Rabbit Key Basin Place_Keyword: Buttonwood Keys Place_Keyword: C-111 Canal Place_Keyword: Storter Bay Place_Keyword: Gun Point Rock Place_Keyword: Pavillion Key Place_Keyword: Alligator Bay Place_Keyword: Big Lostmans Bay Place_Keyword: Roberts River Place_Keyword: White Water Bay Place_Keyword: Oyster Bay Place_Keyword: Rodgers River Bay Place_Keyword: Broad River Place_Keyword: Broad River Bay Place_Keyword: Huston River Place_Keyword: Chicken Key Place_Keyword: Arsenicker Key Place_Keyword: Shell Creek Place_Keyword: Spy Key Place_Keyword: Black Creek Canal Place_Keyword: Florida City canal Place_Keyword: Chokoloskee Bay Place_Keyword: Buchanan Bank Place_Keyword: Sid Key Place_Keyword: Otter Creek Place_Keyword: North Prong Otter Creek Place_Keyword: North River Place_Keyword: Ponce de Leon Bay Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Place_Keyword: Arsenicker Shoal Place_Keyword: Dragover Bank Place_Keyword: Gopher Pass Place_Keyword: Rankin Lake Place_Keyword: Central Everglades Place_Keyword: South East Coast Place_Keyword: SW Big Cypress Place_Keyword: Florida Keys Place_Keyword: Water Conservation Area 1 Place_Keyword: Water Conservation Area 2 Place_Keyword: Water Conservation Area 3 Place_Keyword: Water Conservation Area 2A Place_Keyword: Water Conservation Area 3A Place_Keyword: Water Conservation Area 3B Place_Keyword: WCA1 Place_Keyword: WCA2 Place_Keyword: WCA3 Place_Keyword: WCA2A Place_Keyword: WCA3A Place_Keyword: WCA3B Place_Keyword: Alinas Reef Place_Keyword: Middle Key Basin Place_Keyword: Rankin Basin Place_Keyword: Caesars Cut Place_Keyword: Black Point Creek Canal Place_Keyword: Dead Terrapin Basin Place_Keyword: Arsenicker Bank Taxonomy: Keywords/Taxon: Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Taxonomic_Keywords: mollusks Taxonomic_Keywords: vegetation Taxonomic_Keywords: multiple species Taxonomic_Keywords: invertebrates Taxonomic_Keywords: ostracodes Taxonomic_Keywords: pelecypods Taxonomic_System: Classification_System/Authority: Classification_System_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Turgeon, D. D. Quinn, J. F., Jr.; Bogan, A. E.; Coan, E. V.; Hochberg, F. G.; Lyons, W. G.; Mikkelsen, P. M.; Neves, R. J.; Roper, C. F. E.; Rosenberg, G.; Roth, B.; Scheltema, A.; Thompson, F. G.; Vecchione, M.; Williams, J. D. Publication_Date: 1998 Title: Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: mollusks Edition: 2nd Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book Series_Information: Series_Name: Special Publication Issue_Identification: 26 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Bethesda, MD Publisher: American Fisheries Society Classification_System/Authority: Classification_System_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Garbett, E. C. Maddocks, R. F. Publication_Date: 1987 Title: Zoogeography of Holocene cytheracean ostrocodes in the bays of Texas Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of Paleontology Issue_Identification: v. 53 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Iowa City, IA Publisher: The Paleontological Society Classification_System/Authority: Classification_System_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Keyser, D. Publication_Date: 1975 Title: Ostracoden aus den Mangrovegebieten von Sudwest-Florida Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: Abhandlungen und Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg Issue_Identification: NF 18/19 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Hamburg, Germany Publisher: unknown Classification_System/Authority: Classification_System_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Keyser, D. Publication_Date: 1976 Title: Zur kenntnis der brackigen mangrovebewachsenen Weichboden Sud-West Floridas unter besonderer Berucksichtigung ihrer Ostracodenfauna Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Ph. D thesis Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Hamburg, Germany Publisher: Hamburg University Classification_System/Authority: Classification_System_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Keyser, D. Publication_Date: 1977 Title: Brackwasser-Cytheracea aus Sud_Florida Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Issue_Identification: NF 20 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Hamburg, Germany Publisher: unknown Classification_System/Authority: Classification_System_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Teeter, J. W. Publication_Date: 1975 Title: Distribution of Holocene marine Ostracoda from Belize Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: Studies in Geology Issue_Identification: No. 2 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Tulsa, OK Publisher: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Other_Citation_Details: in, Belize shelf-carbonate sediments, clastic sediments and ecology Wantland, K. F., and Pussey, C., III, editors Classification_System/Authority: Classification_System_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Abbott, R. T. Publication_Date: 1974 Title: American Seashells Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book Publication_Information: Publication_Place: New York, NY Publisher: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. Classification_System/Authority: Classification_System_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Warmke, G. L. Abbott, R. T. Publication_Date: 1961 Title: Carribbean Seashells Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Narbeth, PA Publisher: Livingston Publishing Co. Classification_System/Authority: Classification_System_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Perry, L. M. Schwengel, J. S. Publication_Date: 1955 Title: Marine shells of the western coast of Florida Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Ithica, NY Publisher: Paleontological Research Institution Classification_System/Authority: Classification_System_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Loeblich, A. R. Tappan, H. Publication_Date: 1988 Title: Foraminiferal genera and their classification Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book Publication_Information: Publication_Place: New York, NY Publisher: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Inc. Other_Citation_Details: V. 1 and 2 Classification_System/Authority: Classification_System_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Andrews, J. Publication_Date: 1971 Title: Shells and shores of Texas Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Austin, TX Publisher: University of Texas Taxonomic_Procedures: Cores were sampled every 2 centimeters from the top to base for faunal and geochemical analysis. All samples were washed through a set of nested 63 micron and 850 micron sieves. Sample components from less than 63 microns were dried at 50 deg. C and weighed for 210 Pb analysis. The fractions of samples greater than 63 microns were dried at 50 deg. C and analyzed for ostracodes, formaninfers, and molluscs. All identifiable molluscs (ranging between 5 and 184 specimens) between 97 and 152 ostracode specimens, and 300 foraminifers (when attainable) were picked from each sample with a fine brush. Samples yielding less than 300 foraminifers were picked in their entirety. Every other sample from the core was examined. Faunal groups and species were identified, counted, and standardized by calculating percent abundance within each sample. Pollen assemblages and geochronology were analyzed from samples collected at 1-2 cm intervals throughout the cores. Pollen was isolated from the samples using standard palynological techniques, including carbonate and silicate removal with HCl and HF when necessary, acetolysis to reduce the amount of phytodebris, sieving through 8 micron mesh to remove clay-size particles, heavy liquid treatment when needed, and staining with Bismarck Brown before mounting on microscope slides with glycerin jelly. Taxonomic_Completeness: Ostracode species were identified using the taxonomy of Teeter (1975), Keyser (1975, 1976, 1977), and Garbett and Maddocks (1978). Thomas Cronin and others reviewed the ecology of the ostracode species. Molluscs were identified primarily using Abbott(1974), Warmke and Abbott (1961), Perry and Schwengel (1955) and Andrews (1971), and taxonomic nomenclature was updated following Turgeon et al (1998). Taxonomy of the benthic foraminiferal species was identified using Loeblich and Tappan (1988). Faunal slides are housed in the Eastern Earth Surface Processes Team, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA. General_Taxonomic_Coverage: Flora and fauna are identified to the "common" names shown on the front page of the database Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Empire Taxon_Rank_Value: Biovitae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum Taxon_Rank_Value: Mollusca Applicable_Common_Name: molluscs Applicable_Common_Name: mollusks Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum Taxon_Rank_Value: Arthropoda Applicable_Common_Name: arthropodes Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Subphylum Taxon_Rank_Value: Crustacea Applicable_Common_Name: crustaceans Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Ostracoda Applicable_Common_Name: ostracodes Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom Taxon_Rank_Value: Plantae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom Taxon_Rank_Value: Chromista Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Division Taxon_Rank_Value: Bacillariophyceae Applicable_Common_Name: diatoms Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom Taxon_Rank_Value: Chromalveolata Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Superphylum Taxon_Rank_Value: Alveolata Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum Taxon_Rank_Value: Dinoflagellata Applicable_Common_Name: algae Applicable_Common_Name: dinocysts Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom Taxon_Rank_Value: Protozoa Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum Taxon_Rank_Value: Protozoa Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Subphylum Taxon_Rank_Value: Sarcodina Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Superclass Taxon_Rank_Value: Rhizopoda Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Granuloreticulosea Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Foraminiferida Applicable_Common_Name: foraminifers Applicable_Common_Name: forams Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: The field data contained in the database have not been reviewed for publication and, therefore, may contain inconsistencies or errors. The field measurements (such as salinity and temperature) have been made on a variety of instruments over the years. Every effort has been made to calibrate and standardize the instruments and check the data, however, the field data should be considered preliminary. Also, taxonomic names may not represent the most up to date usage, but are internally consistent. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Lynn Wingard Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 926A National Center City: Reston State_or_Province: VA Postal_Code: 20192 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703 648-5352 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 703 648-6953 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lwingard@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/fs/145-96 Browse_Graphic_File_Description: map showing Biscayne Bay region, seagrass, hardbottom and barren bottom communities Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://sofia.usgs.gov/flaecohist/images/maps/FlaEcoHist-map.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: satellite image showing sampling and core locations in Florida Bay Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/ofr/2006-1271/images/fig1satx.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: satellite image of the southwest coast of Florida showing general location of cores Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3108/fs2004-3108.html Browse_Graphic_File_Description: satellite image map of Biscayne Bay, Florida showing sites where USGS cores were collected Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchange/flaecohist/LocationPaleoCoreswZoneslg.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: satellite image showing general areas of cores collection Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Data_Set_Credit: Principal investigators of the USGS South Florida Ecosystem History projects include Lynn Wingard, Debra Willard, Charles Holmes (retired), Thomas Cronin, Bruce Wardlaw, Scott Ishman, and Jacqueline Huvane Data collected by G. Lynn Wingard, Scott Ishman, Thomas Cronin, Jessica Albietz, James Murary, Joseph Murray, Joel Hudley, Rob Stamm, Bane Schill, Carleigh Trappe, Guy Means, Marci Marot, Casey Saenger, James Gillespie, Chuck Holmes, Eugene Shinn, Margot Corum, Sara Schwede, Jacqueline Huvane, Gary Dwyer, Kristi Alger, Jeffery Stone, Lauren Hewitt, Tom Scott, Carlos Budet, Laura Pyle, Jill D'Ambrosio, Stephen Wandrei, Casey Lowe, and Christopher Williams Native_Data_Set_Environment: MS Access database forms Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Poag, C. W. Publication_Date: 1981 Title: Ecologic atlas of benthic foraminifera of the Gulf of Mexico Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book Publication_Information: Publication_Place: New York, NY Publisher: Academic Press Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Ishman, Scott E. Publication_Date: 1997 Title: Ecosystem History of South Florida: Biscayne Bay Sediment Core Descriptions Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 97-0437 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/pdf/of/ofr97437.html Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Ishman, Scott E. Graham, Ian; D'Ambrosio, Jill Publication_Date: 1997 Title: Modern Benthic Foraminifer Distributions in Biscayne Bay: Analogs for Historical Reconstructions Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 97-034 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/pdf/of/ofr97034.html Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Stone, Jeffery R. Cronin, Thomas M.; Brewster-Wingard, G. Lynn; Ishman, Scott E.; Wardlaw, Bruce R.; Holmes, Charles W. Publication_Date: 2000 Title: A Paleoecologic Reconstruction of the History of Featherbed Bank, Biscayne National Park, Biscayne Bay, Florida Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 00-191 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/ofr/00-191 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Wingard, G. L. Cronin, T. M.; Dwyer, G. S.; Ishman, S. E.; Willard, D. A.; Holmes, C. W.; Bernhardt, C. E.; Williams, C. P.; Marot, M. E.; Murray, J. B.; Stamm, R. G.; Murray, J. H.; Budet, C. Publication_Date: 2003 Title: Ecosystem History of Southern and Central Biscayne Bay: Summary Report on Sediment Core Analyses Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS Open-file Report Issue_Identification: 03-375 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/ofr/03-375/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Wingard, G. Lynn Cronin, Thomas M.; Holmes, Charles W.; Willard, Debra A.; Dwyer, Gary; Ishman, Scott E.; Orem, William; Williams, Christopher P.; Albietz, Jessica; Bernhardt, Christopher E.; Budet, Carlos A.; Landacre, Bryan; Lerch, Terry; Marot, Marci; Ortiz, Ruth E. Publication_Date: 2004 Title: Ecosystem History of Southern and Central Biscayne Bay: Summary Report on Sediment Core Analyses - Year Two Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2004-1312 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/ofr/2004-1312/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Trappe, Carleigh A. Brewster-Wingard, G. Lynn Publication_Date: 2001 Title: Molluscan Fauna from Core 25B, Whipray Basin, Central Florida Bay, Everglades National Park Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 01-143 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/ofr/01-143 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Pyle, Laura Cooper, Sherri R.; Huvane Jacqueline K. Publication_Date: 1998 Title: Diatom Paleoecology Pass Key Core 37, Everglades National Park, Florida Bay Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 98-522 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/pdf/of/ofr98522.html Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Brewster-Wingard, G. Lynn Ishman, Scott E.,; Willard, Debra A.; Edwards, Lucy E.; Holmes, Charles W. Publication_Date: 1998 Title: Preliminary Paleontologic Report on Core 37, from Pass Key, Everglades National Park, Florida Bay Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 98-0122 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/pdf/of/ofr98122.html Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Scott, Thomas M. Means, Guy H.; Brewster-Wingard, G. Lynn Publication_Date: 1997 Title: Progress Report on Sediment Analyses at Selected Faunal Monitoring Sites in North-central and Northeastern Florida Bay Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 97-0534 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/pdf/of/ofr97534.html Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Willard, Debra A. Brewster-Wingard, G. Lynn; Fellman, Claire; Ishman, Scott E. Publication_Date: 1997 Title: Paleontological Data from Mud Creek Core 1, southern Florida Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 97-0736 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U. S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/pdf/of/ofr97736.html Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Wingard, G. Lynn Ishman, Scott; Cronin, Thomas; Edwards, Lucy E.; Willard, Debra A.; Halley, Robert B. Publication_Date: 1995 Title: Preliminary Analysis of Down-Core Biotic Assmeblages: Bob Allen Keys, Everglades National Park, Florida Bay Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 95-628 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/ofr/95-628 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Brewster-Wingard, G. Lynn Stone, Jeffery R.; Holmes, Charles W. Publication_Date: 2001 Title: Molluscan Faunal Distribution in Florida Bay, Past and Present: An Integration of Down-Core and Modern Data Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: paper Series_Information: Series_Name: Bulletins of American Paleontology Issue_Identification: 361 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Ithica, NY Publisher: Paleontological Research Institute Other_Citation_Details: Originally published in Bulletins of American Paleontology, Number 361, November 28, 2001 Online_Linkage: http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/papers/mollusc_distribution/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Brewster-Wingard, G. Lynn Ishman, S. E.; Edwards, L. E.; Willard, D. A. Publication_Date: 1996 Title: Preliminary Report on the Distribution of Modern Fauna and Flora at Selected Sites in North-central and North-eastern Florida Bay Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 96-0732 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/pdf/of/ofr96732.html Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Ishman, S. E. Brewster-Wingard, G. L.; Willard, D. A.; Cronin, T. M.; Edwards, L. E.; Holmes, C. W. Publication_Date: 1996 Title: Preliminary paleontologic report on core T-24, Little Madeira Bay, Florida Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 96-0543 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/pdf/of/ofr96543.html Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Wingard, G. Lynn Cronin, Thomas M.; Holmes, Charles W.; Willard, Debra A.; Budet, Carlos A.; Ortiz, Ruth E. Publication_Date: 2005 Title: Descriptions and Preliminary Report on Sediment Cores from the Southwest Coast Area, Everglades National Park, Florida Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2005-1360 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston,VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/ofr/2005-1360 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Wanless, H. R. Cottrell, D. J.; Tagett, M. G.; Tedesco, L. P.; Warzeski, E. R., Jr. Publication_Date: 1995 Title: Origin and growth of carbonate banks in south Florida Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: Special Publicaton Issue_Identification: v. 23 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Cambridge, MA Publisher: International Association of Sedimentologists Other_Citation_Details: in, Carbonate Mud-mounds Monty, C. V., Boscence, D. W. J., Bridges, P. H., and Pratt, B. R., editors Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Schweitzer, P. N. Publication_Date: 1994 Title: ANALOG: A program for estimating paleoclimatic parameters using the method of modern assemblages Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: computer program Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Kovach, W. L. Publication_Date: 1999 Title: MVSP - A MultiVariate Statistical Package for Windows Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: computer program Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pentraeth, Wales, UK Publisher: Kovach Computing Services Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Bock, W. D. Publication_Date: 1971 Title: A handbook of the benthonic foraminifera of Florida Bay and adjacent waters Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book Series_Information: Series_Name: Memoir Issue_Identification: 1 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Miami, FL Publisher: Miami Geological Society Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Hazel, J. E. Publication_Date: 1983 Title: Age and correlation of the Yorktown (Pliocene) and Croatan (Pliocene and Pleistocene) formations at the Lee Creek Mine Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book chapter Series_Information: Series_Name: Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Issue_Identification: 53 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Washington, DC Publisher: Smithsonian Institution Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Cronin, T. M. Publication_Date: 1979 Title: Late Pleistocene marginal marine ostracodes from the southeastern Atlantic Coastal Plain and their paleoenvironmental interpretation Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: paper Series_Information: Series_Name: Geographie Physique et Quaternaire Issue_Identification: v. 2 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Montreal, Quebec, Canada Publisher: Les Presses de l'Universite de Montreal Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Cronin, T. M. Publication_Date: 1990 Title: Evolution of Neogene and Quaternary marine Ostracoda: United States Atlantic Coastal Plain: Evolution and speciation in Ostracoda IV Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: chapter in a professional paper Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS Professional Paper Issue_Identification: 1367-C Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/pp/pp1367 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Lynn Wingard Publication_Date: 2004 Title: Changing Salinity Patterns in Biscayne Bay, Florida Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: factsheet Other_Citation_Details: Prepared in cooperation with South Florida Water Management District and Biscayne National Park Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3108/fs2004-3108.html Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: The field data contained in this database have not been reviewed for publication and therefore may contain inconsistencies or errors. The field measurements (such as salinity and temperature) were made on an variety of instruments over the years. Project personnel have made every attempt to calibrate and standardize the instruments and check the data, however, the field data should be considered preliminary. Also taxonomic names may not represent the most up to date usage, but are internally consistent. Completeness_Report: The data on occurrence of plants and animals are qualitative notes - not quantitative assesments. Simply put, an absence in the database does not necessarily mean the species was absent at the site. Fieldwork was conducted for a variety of purposes over the years, and these data merely represent observations made at specific times and places, but cannot be quantitatively compared to each other. For example, a species may not have been detected at a specific site on a given date, because we were at the site to collect a core - not do a site survey. We always noted any observations made and these are recorded here, but more species would obviously be detected if we spent 30 minutes doing a snorkeling transect looking for species, than if we were there to collect a core and in the process noted the presence of certain species. Keep this in mind when looking at the data and treat the data on the biotic distributions as observational and qualitative. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Much of the data were collected using a GPS system to accurately capture the location of the collection site. The accuracy of the positions range from none shown to +/- 493 feet. Many of the sites fall in the +/- 92 feet range. Most of the sites in the database have a GPS accuracy value given. The earlier dates for data collection are usually the ones without an accuracy value. Lineage: Methodology: Methodology_Type: Field Methodology_Description: Core Collection. Core collection sites are determined on the basis of examination of digital orthophotoquadrangles, aerial photos, maps, reconnaissance, and discussion with land managers. Collecting cores is essential to the purpose of this project - to reconstruct the history of the ecosystem over biologically significant periods of time (decades to centuries) and to determine what the system looked like prior to significant human alteration. The sediments, faunal and floral remains in the cores retain this record. All cores are collected via the "piston" coring method. This provides a minimum of disruption to the sediments. The technique of obtaining the piston core varies somewhat from site to site depending on water depth and accessibility. Following are the general procedures: 1. Marking the site: Specific core site is selected in advance by snorkeling before the boat or equipment is brought up to the site. The chosen site is marked with a float. 2. Set up: If the water depth allows, the boat is floated up to the site, anchored on at least two sides, and coring conducted through a "moon pool" (hatched hole in the bottom or back of the boat). If water depth does not allow us to float the boat over the site, we place the coring equipment on a raft or rubber dinghy, snorkel and float to the site, and proceed with coring. A tripod may be set up and utilized to assist in extracting the core. This is especially useful if the cores are long (>1.5 m) and/or if the substrate is very firm. If used, the tripod is set up prior to starting the actual coring. The purpose of the tripod is to keep tension on the piston while the core is being pushed down into the substrate. 3. Inserting the core barrels: 1. The piston (a hard rubber plug with 2 O-rings) is inserted into the bottom of a 4" outside-diameter clear acrylic tube, and a rope attached to an eye-ring in the top of the piston is threaded back through the core barrel. 2. The core barrel is lowered to just above the substrate and any air trapped in the space between the piston and the bottom of the barrel is removed and filled with water. Tension is then placed on the line attached to the piston, so when the core barrel penetrates the sediment the piston remains in a fixed position a few cm above the sediment surface; this produces a vacuum that retards compaction. 3. When the barrel is set in position it is forced down into the sediments (via muscle power) until we hit bedrock or until we cannot push the core any further. If a replicate core is being taken (side by side cores), the second core is pushed in place at this time, before the first core is extracted so that no disruption of the sediments for the second core will occur due to sediment movement during the extraction process. An aluminum clamp device with handles is usually placed around the barrel to provide a good grip for pushing. 4. Extracting the core barrels: 1. If a tripod was not set up, the aluminum clamp handles are used to extract the cores via muscle power. If a tripod is used, a cable and pulley system can be used to lift the core via a hand winch. With either method, it is critical to keep tension on the piston, because the piston provides the vacuum to retain the sediments in the core barrel as it is lifted. A benefit of the clear core barrel is that it allows us to determine if the piston is moving or if any leakage around the piston's O-ring seal occurs during the extraction process. 2. As soon as the core barrel clears the sediment surface, a person standing in the water quickly places a plastic cap over the bottom of the barrel. The barrel is hoisted vertically onto the boat and the bottom cap secured via waterproof tape. 3. Excess tubing is cut off just above the sediment surface using a large pipe cutter, and any space between the sediment surface and the top of the barrel is filled with water to prevent sloshing and disruption of the surface during transport. A top cap is placed on the barrel and sealed with waterproof tape. 4. If a replicate core is taken, the replicate also is extracted following the same procedures in a-c above. During the coring process we are very careful to not stand on or damage any organisms (coral, sponges, etc.) or to damage the substrate other than the actual hole from the coring. In many areas, the mud is so soft that the hole caves in/collapses immediately after extraction, and no visible sign of the core is left. Data recorded at the time of coring include: 1) GPS location (recorded on at least two instruments); 2) water depth to the substrate; 3) water depth to the sediment in the barrel (items 2 & 3 allow calculation of compaction during the coring process); 4) water properties including salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH. Methodology: Methodology_Type: Lab Methodology_Description: Core processing: Cores are transported vertically and most are x-rayed as soon as possible (sometimes in the field at local hospitals). Cores are extruded vertically using the piston in reverse to push the sediment out of the barrel into one or two centimeter slices (resembling hockey pucks). The slices are trimmed around the edges to remove any contaminants due to contact with the barrel, bagged and weighed. Wet and dry weights are obtained for each sample. Processing procedures may vary slightly for each core, depending on the different analyses being conducted and these procedures are reported with results for individual cores. In general, all material is retained. Small (1 cm3) plugs of sediment are removed for palynological analyses and for archival purposes. The remainder of the sample is washed with distilled and deionized water through 63 and 850 micron nylon mesh sieves and all material passing through the sieves is trapped in buckets and allowed to settle out for a period of days or weeks. The water is then siphoned off and the fine (<63 micron) fraction is air dried on filter paper under a hood, then distributed for geochemical and geochronological analyses. The 63 and 850 micron fractions are dried in a 50 degree C oven and distributed for faunal analyses. Modern Samples: Actual sampling methods and frequencies vary from site to site, depending on the substrate, water depth, and conditions, and the specific purpose of the sampling. In some cases we have collected small push core samples (10 cm deep by 2"diameter); in others, small samples of vegetation, scoops of sediment, or petite ponar grab samples. At every site we record information on water properties including salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH, and where ever possible, we conduct a snorkel survey of the site listing presence/absence of various indicator macrofauna and flora. Processing of modern samples follows procedures similar to the core samples, except the <63 micron fraction is rarely retained. Process_Step: Process_Description: Shallow sediment cores are collected within the bays and the faunal and floral remains, sediment geochemistry, and shell biochemistry are analyzed. Modern field data are collected from the same region as the cores and serve as proxies to allow accurate interpretation of past depositional environments. Process_Date: Not complete Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Lynn Brewster-Wingard Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 926A National Center City: Reston State_or_Province: VA Postal_Code: 20192 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703 648-5352 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 703 648-6953 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lwingard@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference: south Florida Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 220 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.01 Longitude_Resolution: 0.01 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Degrees and decimal minutes Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The following attributes are possible for records in the Modern Field Data: Site #, ID Number, Site (name), Location (Florida Bay, Biscayne Bay or Southwest coast), General Area Description, Changes Observed, Comments, Clarity, Collectors, Date Collected, Time, Longitude, Latitude, Salinity, Temperature, pH, Dissolved O2, Redox potential, Specific Conductance, Resistivity, Site Category, Position, Depth, Subsite Sampling, Sediment Description, Vegetative Description, Faunal Description, Vegetation Number, Site Category, Flora, Fauna, Particles, Lab Description, Presence/Absence - Debris/Live for vegetation, Gastropods, and Pelecypods/Others. Not all attributes apply to all sites. The appropriate attributes are populated for each site. The possible attributes for the Core Locations are: General Location, Core ID #, Core Name, Related Modern Site, Public Information, Date Collected, Collectors, Longitude, Latitude, State, County, 7.5 minute quad, Total Core Length, H20 Depth, General Area Description, Substrate Description, and Additional Information. These attributes are populated as appropriate for each core. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: See the Ecosystem History Access Database at http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchange/flaecohist/ for more detailed information on the attributes for the Modern Field Data and Core Locations. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Heather S.Henkel Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 600 Fourth St. South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 ext 3028 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727 803-2030 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: hhenkel@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Ecosystem History of South Florida Estuaries Data Distribution_Liability: The field data contained in this database have been compiled, standardized and verified to the original records. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: MS Access Format_Version_Number: unknown Format_Specification: The Access database is available as a zipped file File_Decompression_Technique: The file must be "unzipped" before use Transfer_Size: 4.4 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchange/flaecohist/ Access_Instructions: The database may be downloaded from the SOFIA website Fees: none Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20081217 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Heather Henkel Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 Fourth Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 ext 3028 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727 803-2030 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sofia-metadata@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata, Part 1: Biological Data Profile Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999 Metadata_Access_Constraints: none Metadata_Use_Constraints: This metadata record may have been copied from the SOFIA website and may not be the most recent version. Please check http://sofia.usgs.gov/metadata to be sure you have the most recent version.