Texas State Fact Sheet

USDA Economic Research Service
http://www.ers.usda.gov/statefacts/

Data updated December 15, 2008

Population, Income, Education, and Employment

Population
  Rural * Urban * Total
Year
    1980 2,496,280 11,729,233 14,225,513
    1990 2,621,903 14,364,607 16,986,510
    2000 2,907,272 17,944,548 20,851,820
    2007 (latest estimates) 2,977,396 20,926,984 23,904,380

More information on Texas population
• County-level Population Data
• Rural Population and Migration Briefing Room
• Contact John Cromartie, 202-694-5421.

Income
  Rural * Urban * Total
Per-capita income (2006 dollars)
    2005 25,625 35,615 34,325
    2006 26,243 36,460 35,166
    Percent change 2.5 2.4 2.5
 
Earnings per job (2006 dollars)
    2005 30,255 51,765 49,305
    2006 30,037 52,335 49,823
    Percent change -0.7 1.1 1.0
 
Poverty rate (percent)
    1979 19.1 13.7 14.7
    1989 23.5 17.1 18.1
    1999 18.7 14.8 15.4
    2007 (latest model-based estimates) 18.8 15.9 16.3

More information on Texas poverty rates
• County-level Poverty Data
• Rural Income, Poverty, and Welfare Briefing Room
• See important notes about decennial and model-based intercensal poverty estimates
• Contact Robert Gibbs, 202-694-5423

Education (Persons 25 and older)
  Rural * Urban * Total
Percent not completing high school
    1980 50.1 34.5 37.4
    1990 37.7 26.0 27.9
    2000 30.4 23.3 24.3
 
Percent completing high school only
    1980 27.0 29.2 28.8
    1990 29.6 24.9 25.6
    2000 31.6 23.7 24.8
 
Percent completing some college
    1980 12.7 17.9 17.0
    1990 21.2 27.2 26.2
    2000 24.4 28.1 27.6
 
Percent completing college
    1980 10.2 18.4 16.9
    1990 11.6 22.0 20.3
    2000 13.6 24.9 23.2

More information on Texas education
• County-level Education Data
• Rural Labor and Education Briefing Room
• Contact Robert Gibbs, 202-694-5423

Employment
  Rural * Urban * Total
Total number of jobs
    2005 1,488,699 11,529,677 13,018,376
    2006 1,522,571 11,991,559 13,514,130
 
Unemployment rate (percent)
    2006 5.1 4.9 4.9
    2007 4.6 4.3 4.3

More information on Texas unemployment rates
• County-level Unemployment and Median Household Income Data
• Rural Labor and Education Briefing Room
• Contact Lorin Kusmin, 202-694-5429
 
Percent employment change
    2004-2005 -0.3 2.1 1.8
    2005-2006 0.6 2.3 2.1
    2006-2007 1.2 1.7 1.6
 

* Urban and rural (metro and nonmetro) defintions are based on the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) June 2003 classification. See Measuring Rurality: New Definitions in 2003 for more information.
 
More information on socioeconomic conditions
• Rural Emphasis Page
• Contact Tim Parker, 202-694-5435.

Farm Characteristics

1992, 1997 and 2002 Census of Agriculture
 
  1992 1997 2002
Total land area (million acres) 167.63 167.63 167.55
    Total farmland (million acres) 130.89 133.96 129.88
        Percent of total land area 78.1 79.9 77.5
 
        Cropland (million acres) 36.38 39.05 38.66
            Percent of total farmland 27.8 29.2 29.8
            Percent in pasture 30.4 31.3 33.5
            Percent irrigated 12.8 13.9 11.8
 
            Harvested Cropland
            (million acres)		 18.14 20.36 17.75
 
        Woodland (million acres) 5.09 5.47 5.65
            Percent of total farmland 3.9 4.1 4.4
            Percent in pasture 77.6 72.4 74.4
 
        Pastureland (million acres) 87.80 86.95 83.40
            Percent of total farmland 67.1 64.9 64.2
 
        Land in house lots, ponds,
        roads, wasteland, etc.
        (million acres)		 1.61 2.49 2.17
            Percent of total farmland 1.2 1.9 1.7
 
Conservation practices
        Farmland in conservation or
        wetlands reserve programs
        (million acres)		 2.47 3.70 3.30
            Percent of total farmland 1.9 2.8 2.5
 
Average farm size (acres) 725 587 567
 
Farms by size (percent)
            1 to 99 acres 39.8 46.6 48.3
            100 to 499 acres 36.9 34.8 33.7
            500 to 999 acres 10.4 8.6 8.1
            1000 to 1,999 acres 7.0 5.4 5.3
            2,000 or more acres 5.9 4.6 4.6
 
Farms by sales (percent)
            Less than $9,999 61.2 70.2 71.5
            $10,000 to $49,999 24.0 18.0 18.3
            $50,000 to $99,999 5.6 3.8 3.8
            $100,000 to $499,999 7.9 5.9 4.9
            More than $500,000 1.5 1.7 1.5
 
Tenure of farmers
        Full owner (farms) 104,255 143,245 155,053
            Percent of total 57.7 62.8 67.7
 
        Part owner (farms) 54,226 60,336 55,703
            Percent of total 30.0 26.4 24.3
 
        Tenant owner (farms) 22,163 24,592 18,170
            Percent of total 12.3 10.8 7.9
 
Farm organization
        Individuals/family, sole
        proprietorship (farms)		 158,121 201,896 210,409
            Percent of total 87.5 88.5 91.9
 
        Family-held corporations
        (farms)		 4,212 5,057 3,842
            Percent of total 2.3 2.2 1.7
 
        Partnerships (farms) 16,182 18,658 12,720
            Percent of total 9.0 8.2 5.6
 
        Non-family corporations (farms) 681 688 456
            Percent of total 0.4 0.3 0.2
 
        Others - cooperative, estate or
        trust, institutional, etc. (farms)		 1,448 1,874 1,499
            Percent of total 0.8 0.8 0.7
 
Characteristics of principal farm operators
        Average operator age (years) 56.1 56.0 56.9
        Percent with farming as their
         primary occupation		 47.6 40.4 53.6
        Men (persons) 164,014 202,463 201,734
        Women (persons) 16,630 25,710 27,192
 

More information on farm characteristics
• Census of Agriculture
• Contact NASS Customer Service, 1-800-727-9540.

Data from the 1992 Census of Agriculture is not adjusted for coverage. See Coverage Adjustment from NASS.

Farm Financial Indicators

Farm income and value added data
  2006 2007
 
Number of farms 230,000 229,000
 
  Thousands $
       Final crop output 5,307,040 8,752,823
+     Final animal output 10,288,269 11,250,031
+     Services and forestry 3,787,104 3,848,529
=   Final agricultural sector output 19,382,413 23,851,383
 
-      Intermediate consumption outlays 11,061,287 12,692,812
+     Net government transactions 790,131 563,350
=   Gross value added 9,111,257 11,721,921
 
-      Capital consumption 2,031,911 2,099,025
 
=   Net value added 7,079,346 9,622,896
 
-    Factor payments 2,219,572 2,441,889
         Employee compensation (total hired labor) 889,056 1,064,528
         Net rent received by nonoperator landlords 400,958 375,804
         Real estate and nonreal estate interest 929,558 1,001,557
 
=   Net farm income 4,859,774 7,181,007
 

More information on farm income
• Farm Income Data
• Farm Income and Costs Briefing Room
• Contact Roger Strickland, 202-694-5592.

Farm balance sheet
 
• Estimation of State-level Balance Sheets has been suspended. See the Farm Balance Sheet data page for more information.
 

Top Commodities, Exports, and Counties

Top 5 agriculture commodities, 2007
  Value of receipts
thousand $		 Percent of state total
farm receipts		 Percent of US value
1. Cattle and calves 7,630,837 40.0 15.3
2. Cotton 2,118,017 11.1 34.3
3. Greenhouse/nursery 1,501,460 7.9 8.7
4. Dairy products 1,448,738 7.6 4.1
5. Broilers 1,404,552 7.4 6.5
 
All commodities 19,074,826   6.7
 

More information on Texas's top agriculture commodities
• Leading commodities for cash receipts in Excel
• Contact Roger Strickland, 202-694-5592.

Top 5 agriculture exports, estimates, FY 2007
  Rank among states Value
million $
1. Cotton and linters 1 1,824.0
2. Wheat and products 3 529.1
3. Live animals and meat 4 509.0
4. Feed grains and products 7 492.4
5. Feeds and fodders 2 448.1
 
Overall rank 3 5,198.6
 

More information on agricultural exports
• State Export Data
• Agricultural Trade Briefing Room
• Contact Nora Brooks, 202-694-5211.

Top 5 counties in agricultural sales 2002
  Percent of state total receipts Million $
1. Deaf Smith County 6.0 841.8
2. Parmer County 4.3 603.9
3. Castro County 4.2 592.6
4. Hartley County 3.2 447.3
5. Dallam County 2.6 369.7
 
State total   14,134.7
 

More information on agricultural sales
• Census of Agriculture
• Contact NASS Customer Service, 1-800-727-9540.

Data Sources

Prepared by Economic Research Service, USDA, Washington, DC.