Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory

Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE)

Solid-phase extraction is used for the majority of the methods at the Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory (OGRL). SPE extractions are performed in the OGRL as follows:

• Manual extraction on a vacuum manifold.
• Autotrace extraction workstations which automatically prepare the cartridge, load the sample and elute off the extract.
• Online extraction which elutes automatically and the extract is injected directly to the Liquid Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer.
• Accelerated Solvent Extractor for soil extraction.

Selected Solid-Phase Extraction References

1. Aga, D.S. and Thurman, E.M., 1993, Coupling Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Ultratrace Analysis of Herbicides in Pristine Water: Analytical Chemistry, v. 65, p. 2894-2898.

2. Ferrer, Imma, Barcelo, Damia, Thurman, E.M., 1999, Double-Disk Solid-Phase Extraction--Simultaneous Cleanup and Trace Enrichment of Herbicides and Metabolites from Environmental Samples: Analytical Chemistry, v. 71, no. 5, p. 1009-1015.

3. Lin, C.H., Lerch, R.N., Thurman, E.M., Garrett, H.E., George, M.F., 2002, Determination of Isoxaflutole (Balance) and Its Metabolites in Water Using Solid Phase Extraction Followed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet or Mass Spectrometry: J. Agric. Food Chem., v. 50, p. 5816-5824.

4. Meyer, M.T., Mills, M.S., and Thurman, E.M., 1993, Automated Solid-Phase Extraction of Herbicides from Water for Gas Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometric Analysis: Journal of Chromatography, v. 629, p. 55-59.

5. Mills, M.S. and Thurman, E.M., 1992, Mixed-Mode Isolation of Triazine Metabolites in Soil and Aquifer Sediments Using Automated Solid-Phase Extraction: Analytical Chemistry, v. 64, 1985-1990.

6. Thurman, E.M., and Cromwell, Aron E., 2000, Atmospheric Transport, Deposition, and Fate of Triazine Herbicides and Their Metabolites in Pristine Areas at Isle Royale National Park: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 34, p. 3079-3085.

7. Thurman, E.M., Meyer, M.T., Pomes, M.L., Perry, C.A., and Schwab, A.P., 1990, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Compared With Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Triazine Herbicides in Water: Analytical Chemistry, v. 62, no.18, p. 2043-2048.

8. Thurman, E.M. and Mills, M.S., 1998, Solid-Phase Extraction, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Professional, Reference and Trade Group, 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012.

9. Thurman, E.M. and Snavely, Kirk, 2000, Advances in Solid-Phase Extraction Disks for Environmental Chemistry: Trends in Analytical Chemistry, v. 19, no. 1, p. 18-26.