Publication List

Fundamental Electrical Measurements

  1. F. K. Harris, H. A. Fowler, and P. T. Olsen, "Accurate Hamon-Pair Potentiometer for Josephson Frequency-to-Voltage Measurements," Metrologia 6, No. 4, pp. 134-142 (Oct 1970).
  2. H. A. Fowler, T. J. Witt, J. Toots, P. T. Olsen, and W. G. Eicke, Jr., "Referencing of the U.S. National Volt Against a Josephson Frequency-to-Voltage Source," in "Precision Measurements and Fundamental Constants," Spec. Publ. 343 (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC), pp. 223-225 (1971).
  3. E. R. Williams, J. E. Faller, and H. A. Hill, "New Experimental Test of Coulomb's Law: A Laboratory Upper Limit on the Photon Rest Mass," Phys. Rev. Lett. 26, No. 12, pp. 721-724 (Mar 1971).
  4. D. Park and E. R. Williams, "Comments on a Proposal for Determining the Photon Mass," Phys. Rev. Lett. 26, No. 22, pp. 1393-1394 (May 1971).
  5. E. R. Williams and D. Park, "Photon Mass and the Galactic Magnetic Field," Phys. Rev. Lett. 26, No. 26, pp. 1651-1652 (Jun 1971).
  6. R. L. Driscoll and P. T. Olsen, "Compensation of Earth's Field Variations by Field Controlled Rubidium Oscillator," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 42, No. 10, pp. 1428-1431 (Oct 1971).
  7. P. T. Olsen and R. L. Driscoll, "Determintion of Gamma-p at the National Bureau of Standards," in Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants, 4, Ed. by J. H. Sanders and A. H. Wapstra, Plenum Pub. Corp., pp. 471-484 (1972).
  8. E. R. Williams, S. B. Crampton, J. A. Davivier, and G. S. Read, "Frequency Shifts Due to Hydrogen-Hydrogen Spin-Exchange Collisions," Phys. Rev. A, 5, p. 1752 (1972).
  9. E. R. Williams and P. T. Olsen, "A Noncontacting Magnetic Pickup Probe for Measuring the Pitch of a Precision Solenoid," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., IM-21, No. 4, pp. 376-379 (Nov 1972).
  10. M. E. Cage, A. J. Cole, and G. J. Pyle, "Ambiguities and Systematics in the Real Central Part of the Optical-Model Potential," Nucl. Phys. A201, pp. 418-432 (1973).
  11. B. F. Field, T. F. Finnegan, and J. Toots, "Volt Maintenance at NBS Via 2e/h: a New Definition of the NBS Volt," Metrologia 3, pp. 155-166 (Mar 1973).
  12. B. F. Field, R. F. Dziuba, and T. F. Finnegan, "Cryogenic Voltage Comparator System for 2e/h Measurements," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., IM-23, No. 4, pp. 264-267 (Dec 1974).
  13. P. T. Olsen and E. R. Williams, "A More Accurate Determination of Gamma-p Through Improved Dimensional Measurement Techniques," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., IM-23, No. 4, pp. 302-305 (Dec 1974).
  14. E. R. Williams and P. T. Olsen, "A Method to Measure Magnetic Fields Accurately Using Ampere's Law," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., IM-23, No. 4, pp. 467-469 (Dec 1974).
  15. C. T. Van Degrift, "Tunnel Diode Oscillator for 0.001 ppm Measurements at Low Temperatures," Rev. Sci. Instrum., 46, No. 5, pp. 599-607 (May 1975).
  16. B. F. Field, "Josephson Junction Based Voltage Standard," Proc. of the Fifth Cal. Poly. Measurement Science Conference, San Luis Obispo, CA (Dec 1975).
  17. P. T. Olsen and E. R. Williams, "Determination of the Gyromagnetic Ratio of the Proton Gamma-p," in Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants, 5, Ed. by J. H. Sanders and A. H. Wapstra, Plenum Press, London, pp. 538-544 (1976).
  18. B. F. Field and V. W. Hesterman, "Laboratory Voltage Standard Based on 2e/h," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., IM-25, No. 4, pp. 509-511 (Dec 1976).
  19. C. T. Van Degrift, "Ultra-Stable LC Oscillators and Their Application in Metrology," Proc. of the 31st Annual Frequency Control Symposium, pp. 375-384 (Jun 1977).
  20. L. B. Holdemann, B. F. Field, J. Toots, and C. Chang, "Prototype for a Commercial Josephson-Effect Voltage Standard," in Proc. of the Conference on Future Trends in Superconductivity Electronics, No. 44, Ed. by B. S. Deaver, Jr., et al., American Institute of Physics, New York (1978).
  21. E. R. Williams and P. T. Olsen, "A Method to Measure Magnetic Fields Accurately Using Ampere's Law," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., IM-27, No. 4 (Dec 1978).
  22. E. R. Williams and P. T. Olsen, "New Measurement of the Proton Gyromagnetic Ratio and a Derived Value of the Fine-Structure Constants Accurate to a Part in 10,000,000," Phys. Rev. Lett., 42, No. 24, pp. 1575-1579 (Jun 1979).
  23. P. T. Olsen and E. R. Williams, "Improving the Gyromagnetic Ratio and Other Constants," Dimensions, pp. 11-17 (Nov 1979).
  24. C. T. Van Degrift, W. J. Bowers, Jr., D. G. Wildes, and P. B. Pipes, "A Small Gas Thermometer for Use at Low Temperatures," ISA Trans. 19, No. 1, pp. 15-19 (1980).
  25. P. T. Olsen, W. D. Phillips, and E. R. Williams, "A Proposed Coil System for the Improved Realization of the Absolute Ampere," J. Res., Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), 85, No. 4, pp. 257-272 (Jul-Aug 1980).
  26. M. E. Cage, "An Analysis of the Effects of Dynamic and Static Forces Present in the NBS SI Volt Experiment," Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) NBSIR 80-2143, 207 pages (Sep 1980).
  27. P. T. Olsen, M. E. Cage, W. D. Phillips, and E. R. Williams, "The Realization of the Ampere at NBS," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., IM-29, No. 4, pp. 234-237 (Dec 1980).
  28. W. Y. Chen, J. R. Purcell, P. T. Olsen, W. D. Phillips, and E. R. Williams, "Design and Construction of a Superconducting Magnet System for the Absolute Ampere Experiment," General Atomic Project 3778 (Jul 1981).
  29. C. T. Van Degrift and R. S. Kaeser, "Automation of Measurements in a Low Temperature Laboratory," published by American Institute of Physics, 5, pp. 1299-1305 (1982).
  30. E. R. Williams, W. Y. Chen, J. R. Purcell, P. T. Olsen, and W. D. Phillips, "Design and Construction of a Superconducting Magnet System for the Absolute Ampere Experiment," Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 27, Ed. by R. W. Fast, Plenum Press, New York, p. 97 (1982).
  31. R. J. Wagner, C. F. Lavine, M. E. Cage, R. F. Dziuba, and B. F. Field, "Measurements of the Quantized Hall Steps in Si at the ppm Level," Surf. Sci., 113, pp. 10-15 (1982).
  32. D. C. Tsui, A. C. Gossard, B. F. Field, M. E. Cage, and R. F. Dziuba, "Determination of the Fine-structure Constant Using GaAs-A1xGA1-xAS Heterostructures," Phys. Rev. Lett., 48, No. 1, pp. 3-6 (Jan 1982).
  33. M. E. Cage and R. S. Davis, "An Analysis of Read-Out Perturbations Seen on an Analytical Balance with a Swinging Pan," Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) J. Res. 87, No. 1, pp. 23-45 (Jan-Feb 1982).
  34. R. J. Wagner, M. E. Cage, R. F. Dziuba, B. F. Field, A. C. Gossard, and D. C. Tsui, "Precision Comparison of the Quantized Hall Resistance in Si and GaAs Inversion Layers," Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 28, p. 365 (1983).
  35. M. E. Cage, "The Quantum Hall Effect I," Comments Solid State Phys. 11, No. 1, pp. 1-16 (1983).
  36. M. E. Cage, "The Quantum Hall Effect II," Comments Solid State Phys. 11, No. 2, pp. 47-58 (1983).
  37. E. R. Williams and G. T. Gillies, "Electrometer Design for Use in an Unbound-Quark Search," Lettere Al Nuovo Cimento 37, No. 15, pp. 520-524 (Aug 1983).
  38. M. E. Cage, R. F. Dziuba, B. F. Field, E. R. Williams, S. M. Girvin, A. C. Gossard, D. C. Tsui, and R. J. Wagner, "Dissipation and Dynamic Nonlinear Behavior in the Quantum Hall Regime," Phys. Rev. Lett., 51, No. 15, pp. 1374-1377 (Oct 1983).
  39. P. T. Olsen, W. D. Phillips, and E. R. Williams, "Status of the Measurement of the NBS Ampere in SI Units," in Precision Measurement and Fundamental Constants II, Ed. by B. N. Taylor and W. D. Phillips, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 617, page 475 (1984). [GPO]
  40. E. R. Williams, P. T. Olsen, and W. D. Phillips, "The Proton Gyromagnetic Ratio in H2O - A Problem in Dimensional Metrology," in Precision Measurement and Fundamental Constants II, Ed. by B. N. Taylor and W. D. Phillips, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 617, pp. 497-503 (1984). [GPO]
  41. M. E. Cage, R. F. Dziuba, B. F. Field, C. F. Lavine, and R. J. Wagner, "Status of the NBS-NRL Determination of the Fine-structure Constant Using the Quantized Hall Resistance Effect," Precision Measurement and Fundamental Constants II, Ed. by B. N. Taylor and W. D. Phillips, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 617, pp. 539-541 (1984). [GPO]
  42. M. E. Cage, B. Field, R. F. Dziuba, S. M. Girvin, A. C. Gossard, and D. C. Tsui, "Temperature Dependence of the Quantum Hall Resistance," Phys. Rev. B, 30, No. 4, pp. 2286-2288 (Aug 1984).
  43. P. T. Olsen, V. E. Bower, W. D. Phillips, E. R. Williams, and G. R. Jones, Jr., "The NBS Absolute Ampere Experiment," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., IM-34, No. 2, pp. 175-181 (Jun 1985).
  44. E. R. Williams, G. R. Jones, Jr., J. S. Song, W. D. Phillips, and P. T. Olsen, "Report on the New NBS Determination of the Proton Gyromagnetic Ratio," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., IM-34, No. 2, pp. 163-167 (Jun 1985).
  45. J. Niemeyer, L. Grimm, C. A. Hamilton, and R. L. Steiner, "High Precision Measurement of a Possible Resistive Slope of Josephson Array Voltage Steps," IEEE Electron Device Lett., EDL-7, pp. 44-46 (Jan 1986).
  46. C. T. Van Degrift, P. B. Pipes, D. F. McQueeney, and W. J. Bowers, Jr., "Measurements of the Dependence of the Isochoric Pressure of Solid He-3 on Temperature, Magnetic Field and Density," Symposium honoring the 65th birthday of Professor William M. Fairbank, Jr., April 1982, publ. in Near Zero: New Frontiers of Physics, edited by J. D. Fairbank, B. S. Deaver, Jr., C.W.F. Everett, and P. F. Michelson (W. H. Freeman & Co., New York, 1987), pp. 105-112 (1987).
  47. C. A. Hamilton, R. L. Kautz, F. L. Lloyd, R. L. Steiner, and B. F. Field, "The NBS Josephson Array Voltage Standard," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., IM-36, No. 2, pp. 258-261 (Jun 1987).
  48. E. R. Williams, G. R. Jones, Jr., S. Ye, R. Liu, H. Sasaki, P. T. Olsen, W. D. Phillips, and H. P. Layer, "A Low Field Determination of the Proton Gyromagnetic Ratio in Water," Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'88), June 7-10, 1988, Tsukuba Science City, Japan, special issue CPEM'88 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 38, No. 2, pp. 233-237 (Apr 1989).
  49. P. T. Olsen, R. E. Elmquist, W. D. Phillips, E. R. Williams, G. R. Jones, Jr., and V. E. Bower, "A Measurement of the NBS Electrical Watt in SI Units," Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'88), June 7-10, 1988, Tsukuba Science City, Japan, special issue CPEM'88 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 38, No. 2, pp. 238-244 (Apr 1989).
  50. J. Q. Shields, R. F. Dziuba, and H. P. Layer, "New Realization of the Ohm and Farad Using the NBS Calculable Capacitor," Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'88), June 7-10, 1988, Tsukuba Science City, Japan, special issue CPEM'88 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 38, No. 2, pp. 249-251 (Apr 1989).
  51. M. E. Cage, R. F. Dziuba, C. T. Van Degrift, and D. Yu, "Determination of the Time-Dependence of Ohm-NBS Using the Quantized Hall Resistance," Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'88), June 7-10, 1988, Tsukuba Science City, Japan, special issue CPEM'88 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 38, No. 2, pp. 263-269 (Apr 1989).
  52. M. E. Cage, R. F. Dziuba, R. E. Elmquist, B. F. Field, G. R. Jones, Jr., P. T. Olsen, W. D. Phillips, J. Q. Shields, R. L. Steiner, B. N. Taylor, and E. R. Williams, "NBS Determination of the Fine-Structure Constant, and of the Quantized Hall Resistance and Josephson Frequency-to-Voltage Quotient in SI Units," Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'88), June 7-10, 1988, Tsukuba Science City, Japan, special issue CPEM'88 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 38, No. 2, pp. 284-289 (Apr 1989).
  53. R. L. Steiner and B. F. Field, "Josephson Array Voltage Calibration System Operational Use and Verification," Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'88), June 7-10, 1988, Tsukuba Science City, Japan, special issue CPEM'88 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 38, No. 4, pp. 296-301 (Apr 1989).
  54. N. B. Belecki, R. F. Dziuba, B. F. Field, and B. N. Taylor, "Guidelines for Implementing the New Representation of the Volt and Ohm Effective January 1, 1990," Nat. Inst. Stand. and Tech. (U.S.), NIST Tech. Note 1263, 72 pages (Jun 1989).
  55. M. E. Cage, "Semiclassical Scattering Corrections to the Quantum Hall Effect Conductivity and Resistivity Tensors," Journal of Physics: Condens. Matter 1, 1, No. 32, pp. 5531-5534 (Aug 1989).
  56. P. C. Coogan, B. W. Ricketts, G. W. Small, M. E. Cage, R. F. Dziuba, and J. Q. Shields, "Comparisons of the NML and NIST Representations of the Ohm Using Transportable 1 ohm, 10 kilohm, 10 pF, and Quantized Hall Resistance Standards," publ. in Metrologia by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), France, 26, pp. 229-234 (Oct 1989).
  57. E. R. Williams, S. Ye, P. T. Olsen, R. E. Elmquist, R. Liu, and G. R. Jones, Jr., "Latest Results of the Proton Gyromagnetic Ratio in Water and Related Experiments," Conf. Proc. for Intl. Symp. on Electromagnetic Metrology (ISEM), Beijing, PRC, Aug. 17-22, 1989, publ. by Intl. Academic Publishers, Beijing, PRC, pp. 165-169 (Jan 1990).
  58. M. E. Cage, D. Y. Yu, and G. M. Reedtz, "Observation and an Explanation of Breakdown of the Quantum Hall Effect," publ. in J. Res., Nat. Inst. Stand. and Tech., 95, No. 1, pp. 93-99 (Jan-Feb 1990).
  59. C. T. Van Degrift, M. E. Cage, and S. M. Girvin, "Resource Letter QHE-1: The Integral and Fractional Quantum Hall Effects," Amer. J. Phys., 58, No. 2, pp. 109-123 (Feb 1990).
  60. M. E. Cage, G. M. Reedtz, D. Y. Yu, and C. T. Van Degrift, "Quantized Dissipative States at Breakdown of the Quantum Hall Effect," Semiconductor Science and Technology, 5, pp. 351-354 (Apr 1990).
  61. E. R. Williams, "High Accuracy Determination of the Fine Structure Constant via Measurement of the Proton Gyromagnetic Ratio," Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 35, No. 4, p. 1069 (Apr 1990).
  62. R. L. Steiner and R. J. Astalos, "Improvements for Automating Voltage Calibrations Using a 10-V Josephson Array," Conf. Record of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'90), June 11-14, 1990, Ottawa, Canada, digest publ. by IEEE, pp. 102-103 (Jun 1990).
  63. P. T. Olsen, W. L. Tew, E. R. Williams, R. E. Elmquist, and H. Sasaki, "Monitoring the Mass Standard via the Comparison of Mechanical to Electrical Power," Conf. Record of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'90), June 11-14, 1990, Ottawa, Canada, digest publ. by IEEE, pp. 180-181 (Jun 1990).
  64. M. E. Cage, D. Y. Yu, B. M. Jeckelmann, R. L. Steiner, and R. V. Duncan, "Investigating the Use of Multimeters to Measure Quantized Hall Resistance Standards," Conf. Record of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'90), June 11-14, 1990, Ottawa, Canada, digest publ. by IEEE, pp. 332-333 (Jun 1990).
  65. K. C. Lee, "The Fabrication of Thin, Free Standing, Single Crystal, Semiconductor Membranes," J. Electrochemical Society, 137, No. 8, pp. 2556-2574 (Aug 1990).
  66. W. L. Tew, P. T. Olsen, and E. R. Williams, "Watt Balance Method for Determination of Planck's Constant," Proc. Spring Meeting, American Physical Society, April 22-25, 1991, Washington, D.C., abstract publ. in Bulletin, 6, No. 4, p. 1266, publ. by the American Physical Society, New York City, NY (Apr 1991).
  67. P. T. Olsen, W. L. Tew, E. R. Williams, R. E. Elmquist, and H. Sasaki, "Monitoring the Mass Standard via the Comparison of Mechanical to Electrical Power," Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'90), June 11-14, 1990, Ottawa, Canada, special issue CPEM'90 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 40, No. 2, pp. 115-120 (Apr 1991).
  68. M. E. Cage, D. Y. Yu, B. M. Jeckelmann, R. L. Steiner, and R. V. Duncan, "Investigating the Use of Multimeters to Measure Quantized Hall Resistance Standards," Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'90), June 11-14, 1990, Ottawa, Canada, special issue CPEM'90 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 40, No. 2, pp. 262-266 (Apr 1991).
  69. R. Steiner and R. Astalos, "Improvements for Automating Voltage Calibrations Using a 10-V Josephson Array," Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'90), June 11-14, 1990, Ottawa, Canada, special issue CPEM'90 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 40, No. 2, pp. 321-325 (Apr 1991).
  70. J. Kinoshita, H. Nishinaka, K. Segawa, C. T. Van Degrift, and T. Endo, "Influence of Nonsinusoidal Waveforms on Voltmeters, Ammeters, and Phase Meters," Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'90), June 11-14, 1990, Ottawa, Canada, special issue CPEM'90 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 40, No. 2, pp. 249-252 (Apr 1991).
  71. W. L. Tew, P. T. Olsen, and E. R. Williams, "The Use of Magnetic Forces in the Alignment of a Radial Field Superconducting Magnet," Proc. 5th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials-Intermag Conference, June 18-21, 1991, Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 93-94 (Jun 1991).
  72. R. Steiner and S. Stahley, "MAP Voltage Transfer Between 10-V Josephson Array Systems," Proc. of the 1991 Workshop and Symposium of the National Conference of Standards Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, Aug. 19-22, 1991, pp. 205-209 (Aug 1991).
  73. C. T. Van Degrift, M. E. Cage, and S. M. Girvin, Eds., "The Integral and Fractional Quantum Hall Effects," publ. by Amer. Assn. of Physics Teachers, College Park, MD, pp. 109-116 (Oct 1991).
  74. C. T. Van Degrift, K. Yoshihiro, M. E. Cage, D. Yu, K. Segawa, J. Kinoshita, and T. Endo, "Anomalously Offset Quantized Hall Plateaus in High Mobility Si-MOSFETs," Conf. on Electronic Properties of Two-Dimensional Electron Systems, July 7-12, 1991, Nara, Japan, publ. in Surface Science, 263, pp. 116-119 (Mar 1992).
  75. E. R. Williams, R. N. Ghosh, and J. M. Martinis, "Measuring the Electron's Charge and the Fine-Structure Constant by Counting Electrons on a Capacitor," J. Res., Nat. Inst. Stand. and Tech. (U.S.), 97, No. 2, pp. 299-304 (Mar-Apr 1992).
  76. K. Yoshihiro, C. T. Van Degrift, M. E. Cage, and D. Yu, "Anomalous Behavior of a Quantized Hall Plateau in a High-Mobility Si Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor," Phys. Rev. B, 45, No. 24, pp. 204-214 (Jun 1992).
  77. W. L. Tew and E. R. Williams, "A Flux Locked Current Source Reference," Conf. Record for Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'92), Paris, France, June 9-12, 1992, pp. 70-71 (Jun 1992).
  78. C. G. Kim, E. R. Williams, H. Sasaki, S. Ye, P. T. Olsen, and W. L. Tew, "NMR Based Current/Voltage Source," Conf. Record for Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'92), Paris, France, June 9-12, 1992, pp. 414-415 (Jun l992).
  79. P. T. Olsen, W. L. Tew, and E. R. Williams, "Improvements in the NIST Watt Measurement: Monitoring the Mass Stability of the Kilogram," Conf. Record for Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'92), Paris, France, June 9-12, 1992, pp. 123-124 (Jun 1992).
  80. C. T. Van Degrift, K. Yoshihiro, E. C. Palm, J. Wakabayashi, S. Kawaji, and M. E. Cage, "Re-Examination of Quantum Hall Plateaus," Conf. Record for Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'92), Paris, France, June 9-12, 1992, pp. 288-289 (Jun 1992).
  81. R. L. Steiner, E. A. Early, and C. Kiser, "Voltage Ratio Measurements of a Zener Reference Using a Digital Voltmeter," Conf. Record for Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'92), Paris, France, June 9-12, 1992, pp. 300-301 (Jun 1992).
  82. R. L. Steiner and S. Stahley, "Zener Reference Transfers Between 10-V Josephson Array Systems," Conf. Record for Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'92), Paris, France, June 9-12, 1992, pp. 366-367 (Jun 1992).
  83. M. E. Cage, "Quantized Dissipation of the Quantum Hall Effect at High Currents," Conf. Record for Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'92), Paris, France, June 9-12, 1992, pp. 362-363 (Jun 1992).
  84. J. M. Martinis, G. Zimmerili, T. M. Eiles, H. D. Jensen, and E. Williams, "Proposed Measurement of the Fine Structure Constant Using a Coulomb-Blockade Charge Pump," Conf. Record for Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'92), Paris, France, June 9-12, 1992, pp. 14-15 (Jun 1992).
  85. M. E. Cage, "Magnetic Field Dependence of Quantized Hall Effect Breakdown Voltages," Semicond. Sci. Technol., 7, pp. 1119-1122 (Aug 1992).
  86. K. C. Lee, "A Lithium-drift Technique for Making Submicrometer Thick Silicon Membranes," Proc. Symposium on Electrochemical Microfabrication, Oct 16, 1992, pp. 1-6, publ. by Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ (Oct 1992).
  87. E. A. Early, A. F. Clark, R. L. Steiner, and K. Char, "Fractional Constant Voltage Steps in Parallel Arrays of Josephson Junctions," abstract for March Meeting of the American Physical Society, March 22-26, 1993, Seattle, WA, publ. in Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 38, No. 1, pp. 836 (Mar 1993).
  88. R. N. Ghosh and E. R. Williams, "Precision Capacitance Bridge Using a Single Electron Tunneling Electrometer," abstract for American Physical Society Meeting, March 22-26, 1993, Seattle, WA, publ. in Bulletin of American Physical Society, p. 697 (Mar 1993).
  89. R. L. Steiner, A. F. Clark, C. Kiser, T. J. Witt, and D. Reymann, "Accuracy Comparisons of Josephson Array Systems," publ. in IEEE Trans. on Applied Superconductivity, 3, No. 1, pp. 1874-1877 (Mar 1993).
  90. M. E. Cage, "Quantized Dissipation of the Quantum Hall Effect at High Currents," Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'92), June 9-12, 1992, Paris, France, publ. by IEEE in Trans. Instrum. Meas., 42, No. 2, pp. 176-178 (Apr 1993).
  91. C. T. Van Degrift, K. Yoshihiro, E. C. Palm, J. Wakabayashi, and S. Kawaji, "Re-Examination of Quantum Hall Plateaus," Proc. Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'92), June 9-12, 1992, Paris, France, publ. by IEEE in Trans. on Instrum. and Meas., 42, No. 2, pp. 562-567 (Apr 1993).
  92. W. L. Tew and E. R. Williams, "A Flux Locked Current Source Reference," Proc. Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'92), June 9-12, 1992, Paris, France, publ. by IEEE in Trans. on Instrum. and Meas., 42, No. 2, pp. 186-190 (Apr 1993).
  93. E. A. Early, R. L. Steiner, A. F. Clark, and K. Char, "Half-Integral Constant Voltage Steps in Grain-Boundary High Tc Junctions," abstract for Materials Research 1993 Spring Meeting, April 12-16, 1993, San Francisco, CA, publ. in Materials Research, pp. 3357-3359 (Apr 1993).
  94. M. E. Cage, "Dependence of Quantized Hall Effect Breakdown Voltage on Magnetic Field and Current," J. Res. Nat Inst. Stand. and Tech. (U.S.), 98, No. 3, pp. 361-373 (May-June 1993).
  95. E. A. Early, A. F. Clark, and K. Char, "Half-Integral Constant Voltage Steps in High-Tc Grain Boundary Junctions," publ. in Applied Physics Letters, 62, No. 25, pp. 3357-3359 (Jun 1993).
  96. E. R. Williams, P. T. Olsen, and G. Jones, Jr., "Monitoring and Replacing of the Kilogram Using an SI Watt Experiment," Abstract/Proc. of the XXIVth General Assembly of the International Union of Radio Science, Kyoto, Japan, Aug. 25-Sept. 2, 1993 (Sep 1993).
  97. R. N. Ghosh, A. F. Clark, B. A. Sanborn, and E. R. Williams, "Cryogenic Precision Capacitance Bridge Using a Single Electron Tunneling Electrometer," Proc. XXIXth Rencontre de Moriond on Coulomb and Interference Effects in Small Electronic Structures, Villars sur Ollon, Switzerland, Jan 22-29, 1994, Frontieres Editions ed., Cedex, France, pp. 311-316 (1994).
  98. J. Moreland, A. F. Clark, R. J. Soulen, Jr., and J. L. Smith, "The Superconducting Energy Gap of Bulk UBe13," Proc. 20th Intl. Conf. on Low Temperature Physics, August 4-11, 1993, Eugene, OR, publ. by Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands in Physica B, 194-196, pp. 1727-1728 (Mar 1994).
  99. R. N. Ghosh, E. R. Williams, A. F. Clark, and R.J. Soulen, Jr., "Cryogenic Precision Capacitance Bridge Using a Single Electron Tunneling Electrometer," Proc. 20th Intl. Conf. on Low Temperature Physics, August 4-11, 1993, Eugene, OR, publ. by Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands in Physica B, 194-196, pp. 1007-1008 (Mar 1994).
  100. K. C. Lee, M. E. Cage, and P. S. Rowe, "Sources of Uncertainty in a DVM-Based Measurement System for a Quantized Hall Resistance Standard," J. Res. Nat. Inst. Stand. and Tech. 99 (3), pp. 227-240 (May/Jun 1994).
  101. J. Q. Shields, R. F. Dziuba, R. E. Elmquist, and L. H. Lee, "NIST Comparison of Resistances Based on the Calculable Capacitor and the Quantum Hall Effect," Proc./Digest of the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'94), June 27-July 1, 1994, Boulder, CO, pp. 391-392 (Jul 1994).
  102. P. T. Olsen, R. L. Steiner, G. R. Jones, Jr., and E. R. Williams, "The Present Watt Balance: A Measure of the Resolution." Proc./Digest of the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'94), June 27-July 1, 1994, Boulder, CO, pp. 528-529 (Jul 1994).
  103. K. Lee, "Evaluation of Techniques for Bonding Wires to Quantized Hall Resistors," Proc./Digest of the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'94), June 27-July 1, 1994, Boulder, CO, pp. 112-113 (Jul 1994).
  104. E. A. Early, R. L. Steiner, A. F. Clark, and K. Char, "Evidence for Parallel Junctions Within High Tc Grain-Boundary Junctions," American Physical Society, Physica Review B 50, No. 13, pp. 9409-9418 (Oct 1994).
  105. K. C. Lee and M. E. Cage, "Design Challenges of a Commercial QHE-based Resistance Standard" Nat. Inst. of Stand. and Tech., (U.S.), NISTIR 5533, 32 pages (Nov 1994).
  106. A. F. Clark, V. L. Ginzburg, L. P. Gor'kov, W. A. Little, K. Kellermann, V. Z. Kresin, J. D. Kurfess, and R. Ramaty, "From Superconductivity to Supernovae" - The Ginzburg Symposium (Report on the symposium held in the honor of Vitaly L. Ginzburg), Nat. Inst. of Stand. and Tech. (U.S.), NISTIR 5556, 76 pages (Nov 1994).
  107. C. F. Lavine, M. E. Cage, and R. E. Elmquist, "Spectroscopic Study of Quantized Breakdown Voltage States of the Quantum Hall Effect," J. Res. Nat. Inst. Stand. and Tech. (U.S.), 99, No. 6, pp. 757-764 (Nov-Dec 1994).
  108. E. A. Early, A. F. Clark, and C. J. Lobb, "Physical Basis for Half-Integral Shapiro Steps in a dc SQUID," Physica C 245, Elsevier Science B.V., pp. 308-320 (1995).
  109. A. F. Clark and R. L. Steiner, "Noise Characteristics Below 1 Hz of Zener Diode-Based Voltage References," Bulletin of the American Physical Society, Abstract-1995 March Meeting, Mar 13-17, 1995, San Jose, CA, 40, p. 90 (Mar 1995).
  110. G. N. Stenbakken, R. Steiner, P. T. Olsen, and E. R. Williams, "Methods for Aligning the NIST Watt-Balance," IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (IMTC/95), Apr 24-26, 1995, Waltham, MA, pp. 247-251 (Apr 1995).
  111. K. C. Lee, "Bonding Wires to Quantized Hall Resistors," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 44, No. 2, pp. 249-252 (Apr 1995).
  112. K. C. Lee, "Quantum Hall Effect-Based Resistance Standard: Capabilities and Implementation" Proc. 18th Annual Workshop NASA Metrology and Calibration 1995, Apr 18-20, 1995, Greenbelt, MD, pp. 1-12 (Apr 1995).
  113. A. F. Clark, N. M. Zimmerman, E. R. Williams, A. Amar, D. Song, F. C. Wellstood, C. J. Lobb, and R. J. Soulen, Jr., "Application of Single Electron Tunneling: Precision Capacitance Ratio Measurements," American Institute of Physics, New York, NY, Appl. Phys. Lett., 66 (19), pp. 2588-2590 (May 1995).
  114. M. E. Cage and C. F. Lavine, "Using Quantized Breakdown Voltage Signals to Determine the Maximum Electric Fields in a Quantum Hall Effect Sample," J. Res., Nat. Inst. of Stand. and Tech. (U.S.), 100, No. 3, pp. 269-276 (May-Jun 1995).
  115. E. R. Williams and D. W. Matson, "Magnetometer Calibration Services," Proc. 1995 National Conference of Standards Laboratories (NCSL) Workshop and Symposium, July 16-20, 1995, Dallas, TX, pp. 495-499 (Jul 1995).
  116. M. E. Cage and C. F. Lavine, "Potential and Current Distributions Calculated Across a Quantum Hall Effect Sample at Low and High Currents," J. Res., Nat. Inst. of Stand. and Tech. (U.S.), 100, pp. 529-541 (Sep-Oct 1995).
  117. A. Jeffery, R. E. Elmquist, and M. E. Cage, "Precision Tests of a Quantum Hall Effect Device DC Equivalent Circuit Using Double-Series and Triple-Series Connections" J. Res., Nat. Inst. of Stand. and Tech. (U.S.)., 100, No. 6, pp. 677-685 (Nov-Dec 1995).
  118. A. D. Gillespie, "The NIST Watt Experiment: Monitoring the Kilogram," Abstract/Bulletin American Physical Society 1996 Meeting, 41, No. 1, Mar 18-22, 1996, St. Louis, MO, p. 405 (Mar 1996).
  119. M. E. Cage, "Evidence that Voltage Rather than Resistance is Quantized in Breakdown of the Quantum Hall Effect," J. Res., Nat. Inst. of Stand. and Tech. (U.S.), pp. 175-180 (Mar-Apr 1996).
  120. G. N. Stenbakken, R. Steiner, P. T. Olsen, and E. R. Williams, "Methods for Aligning the NIST Watt-Balance," publ. in IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 45, No. 2, pp. 384-388 (Apr 1996).
  121. K. C. Lee, "Quantum Hall Effect-Based Resistance Standard," Proc. Nineteenth Annual Workshop NASA Metrology and Calibration 1996, Feb 26-Mar 1, 1996, Cocoa Beach, FL, pp. 577-594 (May 1996).
  122. A. Jeffery, R. E. Elmquist, L. H. Lee, J. Q. Shields, and R. F. Dziuba, "NIST Comparison of the Quantized Hall Resistance and the Realization of the SI Ohm Through the Calculable Capacitor," Digest Conf. on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'96), Jun 17-20, 1996, Braunschweig, Germany, pp. 10-11 (Jun 1996).
  123. M. W. Keller, J. M. Martinis, and N. M. Zimmerman, "A 7-Junction Electron Pump: Design and Operation," Digest Conf. on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'96), Jun 17-20, 1996, Braunschweig, Germany, pp. 503-504 (Jun 1996).
  124. N. M. Zimmerman, A. F. Clark, and E. R. Williams, "Results of Capacitance Ratio Measurements for the Single Electron Pump-Capacitor Charging Experiment," Digest Conf. on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'96), Jun 17-20, 1996, Braunschweig, Germany, pp. 505-506 (Jun 1996).
  125. A. Jeffery, J. Q. Shields, and L. H. Lee, "Conversion of a 2-Terminal-Pair Bridge to a 4-Terminal-Pair Bridge for Increased Range and Precision in Impedance Measurements," Digest Conf. on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'96), Jun 17-20, 1996, Braunschweig, Germany, pp. 358-359 (Jun 1996).
  126. A. Gillespie, K. Fujii, D. Newell, P. T. Olsen, A. Picard, R. Steiner, G. Stenbakken, and E. Williams, "Measurement and Reduction of Alignment Errors of the NIST Watt Experiment," Digest Conf. on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'96), Jun 17-20, 1996, Braunschweig, Germany, pp. 614-615 (Jun 1996).
  127. R. Steiner, A. Gillespie, K. Fujii, E. Williams, D. Newell, A. Picard, G. Stenbakken, and P. T. Olsen, "The NIST Watt Balance: Progress Toward Monitoring the Kilogram," Digest Conf. on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'96), Jun 17-20, 1996, Braunschweig, Germany, pp. 6-7 (Jun 1996).
  128. K. Fujii, E. R. Williams, and R. L. Steiner, "A New Refractometer by Combining a Variable Length Vacuum Cell and a Double-Pass Michelson Interferometer," Digest Conf. on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'96), Jun 17-20, 1996, Braunschweig, Germany, pp. 128-129 (Jun 1996).
  129. S. Avramov-Zamurovic, N. M. Zimmerman, A. F. Clark, and A. Jeffery, "Proposed Tests to Evaluate the Frequency-Dependent Capacitor Ratio for Single Electron Tunneling Experiment," Digest Conf. on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM'96), Jun 17-20, 1996, Braunschweig, Germany, pp. 265-266 (Jun 1996).
  130. M. W. Keller, J. M. Martinis, N. M. Zimmerman, and A. H. Steinbach, "Accuracy of Electron Counting Using a 7-Junction Electron Pump," Appl. Phys. Lett., Amer. Inst. of Physics, 69 (12), pp. 1804-1806 (Sep 1996).
  131. N. M. Zimmerman, "Capacitors with Very Low Loss: Cryogenic Vacuum-Gap Capacitors," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 45, No. 5, pp. 841-846 (Oct 1996).
  132. M. E. Cage and A. M. Jeffery, "Intrinsic Capacitances and Inductances of Quantum Hall Effect Devices," J. Res., Nat. Inst. of Stand. and Tech. (U.S.), 101, No. 6, pp. 733-744 (Nov/Dec 1996).
  133. D. B. Newell, K. Fujii, A. D. Gillespie, P. T. Olsen, A. Picard, R. L. Steiner, G. N. Stenbakken, and E. R. Williams, "The NIST Electronic Kilogram," Proc. 1997 Measurement Science Conf. Symposium and Workshop entitled New Direction in Measurement Science, Jan 23-24, 1997, Pasadena, CA, 15 pages (Jan 1997).
  134. N. M. Zimmerman, "A Simple Fabrication Method for Nanometer-Scale Thin-Metal Stencils," J. Vacuum Sci. and Technol. B, 15, No. 2, pp. 369-372 (Mar/Apr 1997).
  135. A. M. Jeffery, R. E. Elmquist, L. H. Lee, J. Q. Shields, and R. F. Dziuba, "NIST Comparison of the Quantized Hall Resistance and the Realization of the SI Ohm Through the Calculable Capacitor," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. Special Issue on Selected Papers CPEM'96, 46, No. 2, pp. 264-268 (Apr 1997).
  136. K. Fujii, E. R. Williams, R. L. Steiner, and D. B. Newell, "A New Refractometer by Combining a Variable Length Vacuum Cell and a Double-Pass Michelson Interferometer," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. Special Issue on Selected Papers CPEM'96, 46, No. 2, pp. 191-195 (Apr 1997).
  137. A. D. Gillespie, K. Fujii, D. B. Newell, P. T. Olsen, A. Picard, R. L. Steiner, G. N. Stenbakken, and E. R. Williams, "Alignment Uncertainties of the NIST Watt Experiment," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. Special Issue on Selected Papers CPEM'96, 46, No. 2, pp. 605-608 (Apr 1997).
  138. R. L. Steiner, A. D. Gillespie, K. Fujii, E. R. Williams, D. B. Newell, A. Picard, G. N. Stenbakken, and P. T. Olsen, "The NIST Watt Balance: Progress Toward Monitoring the Kilogram," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. Special Issue on Selected Papers CPEM'96, 46, No. 2, pp. 601-604 (Apr 1997).
  139. N. M. Zimmerman, J. L. Cobb, and A. F. Clark, "Recent Results and Future Challenges for the NIST Charged-Capacitor Experiment," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. Special Issue on Selected Papers CPEM'96, 46, No. 2, pp. 294-298 (Apr 1997).
  140. M. W. Keller, J. M. Martinis, A. H. Steinbach, and N. M. Zimmerman, "A Seven-Junction Electron Pump: Design, Fabrication, and Operation," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. Special Issue on Selected Papers CPEM'96, 46, No. 2, pp. 307-310 (Apr 1997).
  141. A. M. Jeffery, "Obtaining the Unit of Capacitance from the Calculable Capacitor at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)," Abstract for Natl. Conf. of Standards Laboratories (NCSL) Symposium, Jul 27-31, 1997, Atlanta, GA, 2/6E, p. 745 (Jul 1997).
  142. N. M. Zimmerman, J. L. Cobb, and A. F. Clark, "Modulation of the Charge of a Single-Electron Transistor by Distant Defects," Physical Review B, 56, No. 12, pp. 7675-7678 (Sep 1997).
  143. C. A. Hamilton, C. J. Burroughs, S. P. Benz, and J. R. Kinard, "AC Josephson Voltage Standard: Progress Report," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 46, No. 2, pp. 224-228 (Apr 1997).
  144. M. E. Cage, "Current Distributions in Quantum Hall Effect Devices," J. Res., Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. (U.S.), 102, No. 6, pp. 677-691 (Nov/Dec 1997).
  145. J. Kim, A. Sosso, and A. F. Clark, "Dynamics of Overdamped Josephson Junctions Driven by a Square-wave Pulse," J. Appl. Physics, publ. Amer. Inst. of Physics, 83, No. 6, pp. 3225-3232 (Mar 1998).
  146. A. Jeffery, J. Q. Shields, and L. H. Lee, "An Easy-To-Use Combination Four-Terminal-Pair/Two-Terminal-Pair AC Transformer Bridge," J. Res., Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. (U.S.), 103, No. 2, pp. 163-166 (Mar/Apr 1998).
  147. K. C. Lee, "Degradation of GaAs/AlGaAs Quantized Hall Resistors With Alloyed AuGe/Ni Contacts," J. Res., Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. (U.S.), 103, No. 2, pp. 177-186 (Mar/Apr 1998).
  148. E. R. Williams, "An Accurate Measurement of Planck's Constant Using a Watt Balance Experiment," Bulletin of the Amer. Physical Society (APS), 1998 Joint Meeting of the APS and Amer. Assn. of Physics Teachers, Apr 18-21, 1998, Columbus, OH, (Abstract), 43, No. 2, pp. 1072 (Apr 1998).
  149. N. M. Zimmerman, "A Primer on Electrical Units in the SI," Am. J. Phys., 66, No. 4, pp. 324-331 (Apr 1998).
  150. A. Jeffery, R. E. Elmquist, J. Q. Shields, L. H. Lee, M. E. Cage, S. H. Shields, and R. F. Dziuba, "Determination of the Von Klitzing Constant and the Fine-Structure Constant Through a Comparison of the Quantized Hall Resistance and the Ohm Derived from the NIST Calculable Capacitor" Metrologia, 35, No. 2, Bureau Intl. des Poids et Mesures, Sevres Cedex, France, pp. 83-96 (Jun 1998).
  151. M. E. Cage, A. Jeffery, and R. E. Elmquist, "Suggested Triple-Series Connection Measurement Tests of the AC Quantized Hall Resistance and the AC Longitudinal Resistance," Conf. on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest (CPEM'98), Jul 6-10, 1998, Washington, DC, pp. 341-342 (Jul 1998).
  152. A. Jeffery, L. H. Lee, and J. Q. Shields, "Model Tests to Investigate the Effects of Geometrical Imperfections on the NIST Calculable Capacitor," Conf. on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest (CPEM'98), Jul 6-10, 1998, Washington, DC, pp. 454-455 (Jul 1998).
  153. Y-h. Tang, "Comparison of Two Josephson Array Voltage Standard Systems Using a Set of Zener References," Conf. on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest (CPEM'98), Jul 6-10, 1998, Washington, DC, pp. 357-358 (Jul 1998).
  154. R. E. Elmquist, "Cryogenic Current Comparator Measurements at 77 K Using Thallium-2223 Thick-film Shields," Conf. on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest (CPEM'98), Jul 6-10, 1998, Washington, DC, pp. 223-224 (Jul 1998).
  155. K. C. Lee, "Dependence of Contact Resistance on Current for Good and Bad Ohmic Contacts to Quantized Hall Resistors," Conf. on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest (CPEM'98), Jul 6-10, 1998, Washington, DC, pp. 477-478 (Jul 1998).
  156. N. M. Zimmerman and J. L. Cobb, "Charge Offset and Noise in SET Transistors," Conf. on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest (CPEM'98), Jul 6-10, 1998, Washington, DC, pp. 138-139 (Jul 1998).
  157. M. W. Keller, J. M. Martinis, and N. M. Zimmerman, "A Capacitance Standard Based on Counting Electrons: Progress Report," Conf. on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest (CPEM'98), Jul 6-10, 1998, Washington, DC, pp. 134-135 (Jul 1998).
  158. D. B. Newell, R. L. Steiner, E. R. Williams, and A. Picard, "The Next Generation of the NIST Watt Balance," Conf. on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest (CPEM'98), Jul 6-10, 1998, Washington, DC, pp. 108-109 (Jul 1998).
  159. R. L. Steiner, D. B. Newell, and E. R. Williams, "Experimental Noise Sources in the NIST Watt Balance," Conf. on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest (CPEM'98), Jul 6-10, 1998, Washington, DC, pp. 621-622 (Jul 1998).
  160. E. R. Williams, R. L. Steiner, and D. B. Newell, "An Accurate Measurement of the Planck Constant," Physical Review Letters, 81, No. 12, publ. Amer. Physical Soc., pp. 2404-2407 (Sep 1998).
  161. K. C. Lee, "Rectification in Quantum Hall Effect Devices Above Breakdown," 1999 Centennial Meeting Bulletin of Amer. Physical Soc. Conf., Mar 20-26, 1999, Atlanta, Ga, Abstract, Series II, 44, No. 1, Part 1, pp. 386 (Mar 1999).
  162. D. B. Newell, R. L. Steiner, and E. R. Williams, "The NIST Watt Balance: Recent Results and Future Plans," 1999 Centennial Meeting Bulletin of Amer. Physical Soc. Conf., Mar 20-26, 1999, Atlanta, Ga, Abstract, Series II, 44, No. 1, Part 1, pp. 178-179 (Mar 1999).
  163. A. Jeffery, L. H. Lee, and J. Q. Shields, "Model Tests to Investigate the Effects of Geometrical Imperfections on the NIST Calculable Capacitor," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., Special Issue on Selected Papers CPEM'98, 48, No. 2, pp. 356-359 (Apr 1999).
  164. K. C. Lee, "Dependence of Contact Resistance on Current for Ohmic Contacts to Quantized Hall Resistors," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., Special Issue on Selected Papers CPEM'98, 48, No. 2, pp. 319-323 (Apr 1999).
  165. R. L. Steiner, D. B. Newell, and E. R. Williams, "A Result from the NIST Watt Balance and an Analysis of Uncertainties," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., Special Issue on Selected Papers CPEM'98, 48, No. 2, pp. 205-208 (Apr 1999).
  166. M. Kenyon, J. L. Cobb, A. Amar, D. Song, C. J. Lobb, N. M. Zimmerman, and F. C. Wellstood, "Behavior of a Charged Two-Level Fluctuator in Al-AlOx-Al Single-Electron Transistor," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 9, No. 2, pp. 4261-4264 (Jun 1999).
  167. R. L. Steiner, D. B. Newell, J. Schwarz, and E. R. Williams, "Reference Standards, Uncertainties, and the Future of the NIST Electronic Kilogram," Proc. 1999 Natl. Conf. of Standards Laboratories Workshop and Symp. (NCSL), Jul 11-15, 1999, Charlotte, NC, pp. 391-326 (Jul 1999).
  168. M. E. Cage and A. Jeffery, "Analyzing the Effects of Capacitances-to-Shield in Sample Probes on AC Quantized Hall Resistance Measurements," J. Res., Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. (U.S.), 104, No. 4, pp. 323-347 (Jul/Aug 1999).
  169. M. W. Keller, A. L. Eichenberger, J. M. Martinis, and N. M. Zimmerman, "A Capacitance Standard Based on Counting Electrons," Science, 285, pp. 1706-1709 (Sep 1999).
  170. M. E. Cage, A. Jeffery, and J. Matthews, "Equivalent Electrical Circuit Representations of AC Quantized Hall Resistance Standards," J. Res., Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. (U.S.), 104, No. 6, pp. 529-556 (Nov/Dec 1999).
  171. D. B. Newell, "Planck Constant Determination from Power Equivalence," Abstract, Bulletin of the Amer. Physical Society, 45, No. 2, April Meeting 2000, Apr 28-May 2, 2000, Long Beach, CA, pp. 41 (Apr 2000).
  172. K. C. Lee, Ultra-Low Resistance Contacts to GaAs/AlGaAs Quantized Hall Resistors," Proc. of Extended Abstracts of 32nd State of the Art Program on Compound Semiconductors, May 14-19, 2000, Toronto, CA, publ. Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ, 2000-1, pp. 242-246 (May 2000).
  173. A. Jeffery, "Report on the CCEM Comparison of 10 pF Capacitance Standards," Digest of Conf. on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM2000), May 14-19, 1999, Sydney, Australia, pp. 327-328 (May 2000).
  174. A. Jeffery, J. Q. Shields, and S. H. Shields, "A Multi-Frequency 4-Terminal-Pair AC Bridge," Digest of Conf. on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM2000), May 14-19, 2000, Sydney, Australia, pp. 437-438 (May 2000).
  175. R. L. Steiner, D. B. Newell, J. P. Schwarz, E. R. Williams, and R. Liu, "Reconstruction and Preliminary Tests of the NIST Electronic Kilogram Experiment," Digest of Conf. on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM2000), May 14-19, 2000, Sydney, Australia, pp. 538-539 (May 2000).
  176. Y-h. Tang and W. B. Miller, "Interlaboratory Comparison of Josephson Voltage Standards (JVS) Between NIST and Lockheed Martin Astronautics (LMA)," Digest of Conf. on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM2000), May 14-19, 2000, Sydney, Australia, pp. 257-258 (May 2000).
  177. N. M. Zimmerman and W. H. Huber, "Long-Term Charge Offset and Glassy Dynamics in SET Transistors," Digest of Conf. on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM2000), May 14-19, 2000, Sydney, Australia, pp. 14-15 (May 2000).
  178. M. Kenyon, J. L. Cobb, A. Amar, D. Song, N. M. Zimmerman, C. J. Lobb, F. C. Wellstood, "Behavior of a Charged Two-Level Fluctuator in an Al-AlOx-Al Single-Electron Transistor in the Normal and Superconducting State" IEEE Trans. on Applied Superconductivity, 9, No. 2, pp. 4261-4264 (Jun 1999).
  179. N. M. Zimmerman and M. W. Keller, "Dynamic Input Capacitance of Single-Electron Transistors and the Effect on Charge-Sensitive Electrometers, J. Appl. Phys., 87, No. 12, pp. 8570-8574 (Jun 2000).
  180. M. I. Eremets, E. A. Gregoryanz, V. V. Struzhkin, H.-k. Mao, R. J. Hemley, N. Mulders, and N. M. Zimmerman, "Electrical Conductivity of Xenon at Megabar Pressures," Physical Review Letters, 85, No. 13, publ. Amer. Physical Society, pp. 2797-2800 (Sep 2000).
  181. J. P. Schwarz, "Gravitational Constant," McGraw Hill Yearbook of Scientific Technology 2001, pp. 178-180 (2001).
  182. R. E. Elmquist, M. E. Cage, Y-h. Tang, A.-M. Jeffery, J. R. Kinard, Jr., R. F. Dziuba, N. M. Oldham, and E. R. Williams, "The Ampere and Electrical Standards," J. Res., Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. (U.S.), 106, pp. 65-103 (Jan/Feb 2001).
  183. J. Matthews and M. E. Cage, "Precision Measurements of Transport Properties for an Energy Level Fan Diagram of GaAs/AlGaAs in the Integer Quantum Hall Regime," Bulletin of the American Physical Society - March Meeting 2001 (Abstract), Mar 12-16, 2001, Seattle, WA, 46, 1 (Part 1), pp. 524 (Mar 2001).
  184. M. E. Cage, "Quantum Hall Effect-Based Resistance Standard," Bulletin of the American Physical Society - March Meeting 2001 (Abstract), Mar 12-16, 2001, Seattle, WA, 46, 1 (Part 2), pp. 854 (Mar 2001).
  185. Y-h. Tang and W. B. Miller, "Interlaboratory Comparison of Josephson Voltage Standards Between NIST and Lockheed Martin Astronautics," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. Special Issue on Selected Papers CPEM'2000, 50, No. 2, pp. 210-213 (Apr 2001).
  186. Y-h. Tang and J. E. Sims, "Complete Characterization of Zener Standards at 10 V for Measurement Assurance Program (MAP)," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. Special Issue on Selected Papers CPEM'2000, 50, No. 2, pp. 263-266 (Apr 2001).
  187. J. R. Pratt, D. B. Newell, E. R. Williams, D. T. Smith, and J. A. Kramar, "Towards a Traceable Nanoscale Force Standard," Proc. 2nd Intl. Conf. European Soc. for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology (EUSPEN)," 1, May 27-31, 2001, Turin, Italy, pp. 470-473 (May 2001).
  188. M. H. Kelley, "The Electronic Kilogram," 2001 IEEE MTT-S Intl. Microwave Symposium Digest, May 20-25, 2001, Phoenix, AZ, 2, pp. 857-860 (May 2001).
  189. D. B. Newell, J. R. Pratt, J. A. Kramar, D. T. Smith, L. A. Feeney, and E. R. Williams, "SI Traceability of Force at the Nanonewton Level," Proc. Natl. Conf. of Standards Laboratories (NCSL) Intl. 2001 Workshop and Symp., Jul 29-Aug 2, 2001, Washington, DC, Ses. 1B (Jul 2001).

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