Photo of Eugene M. Shoemaker
taken in 1994
724 x 875, 78 kb

Eugene M. Shoemaker

April 28, 1928 - July 18, 1997

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Biography

He once said he considered himself a scientific historian, one whose mission in life is to relate geologic and planetary events in a perspective manner. A modest statement coming from a legend of a man who almost single-handedly created planetary science as a discipline distinct from astronomy. He brought together geologic principles to the mapping of planets, resulting in more than 3 decades of discoveries about the planets and asteroids of the Solar System. He was a 1992 recipient of the National Medal of Science, the highest scientific honor bestowed by the President of the United States, then George Bush. His family, friends, former students, and the scientific community are in shock as they hear the news and feel the loss of "SuperGene."

Gene and Carolyn at Palomar telescope (1994)
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Dr. Gene Shoemaker died Friday, July 18, 1997 (Australian Time) in Alice Springs, Australia in a car accident. He was in the field, pursuing his lifelong passion of geologic studies to help understand impact craters with his wife and science partner, Carolyn Shoemaker. Carolyn survived the accident sustaining various injuries.

A longtime resident of Flagstaff, Arizona, in 1961 Gene invented the Branch of Astrogeology within the U.S. Geological Survey and established the Field Center in Flagstaff in 1963. Retired from the USGS in 1993, he has held an Emeritus position there and has been recently affiliated with Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff. An incredibly diverse person, he influenced science in numerous ways: most recently, in a decade-long sky survey for earth-crossing asteroids and comets, culminating in the discovery (with wife Carolyn and David Levy) of Comet Shoemaker-Levy, which impacted Jupiter in 1994, giving the world of science a major new insight into both the dynamics of comets and the planetary science of Jupiter. He has spent numerous summers (Australian winters) exploring ancient parts of the earth for records of meteorite and comet impacts, resulting in the discovery of a number of new craters. In much of his asteroid and comet work, Shoemaker collaborated closely with his wife, Carolyn, a planetary astronomer. A close and devoted couple, their work was recently featured in a 1997 National Geographic documentary "Asteroids: Deadly Impact." They considered their work a "Mom and Pop" operation and together they initiated the Palomar Planet-crossing Asteroid Survey in 1973, and the Palomar Asteroid and Comet Survey in 1983.

Gene at Meteor Crater, Arizona (mid 1960's)
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Gene Shoemaker seems to have been a geologist from the day he was born in Los Angeles, California, in 1928. He did not even need to complete his higher education (B.S. and M.S., California Institute of Technology, 1947 and 1948; Ph.D. Princeton University after an interrupted career, 1960) before starting the practice of astrogeology that was to lead him to the planets. He began exploring for uranium deposits in Colorado and Utah in 1948, and these studies brought him geographically and intellectually near the many volcanic features and the one impact structure on the Colorado Plateau in the western United States, namely Hopi Buttes and Meteor Crater. In the period 1957-1960, he did his classic research on the structure and mechanics of meteorite impact. This work--including the discovery of coesite (a high pressure form of silica created during impacts) with E.C.T. Chao--provided the definitive work on basic impact cratering. It was work that he continued throughout his life--both by exploration of the earth--particularly in Australia--and the planets by remote sensing and mapping.

A man of vision, he believed geologic studies would be extended into space and in his early career he dreamed of being the first geologist to map the Moon. During the 1960's he lead teams who were investigating the structure and history of the Moon and developing methods of planetary geologic mapping from telescope images of the Moon. A health problem prevented his being the first astronaut geologist, but he personally helped train the Apollo Astronauts and sat beside Walter Cronkite in the evening news giving geologic commentary during the Moon walks. He was involved in the Lunar Ranger and Surveyor programs, continued with the manned Apollo programs, and culminated his moon studies in 1994 with new data on the Moon from Project Clementine, for which he was the science-team leader.

Gene at Meteor Crater training astronauts, Arizona (mid 1960's)
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Gene was the recipient of numerous awards including: Doctorate of Science Arizona State College, Flagstaff, 1965. Wetherill Medal of the Franklin Institute, co-recipient with E.C.T. Chao, 1965. Arthur S. Flemming Award, 1966. Doctorate of Science, Temple University, 1967. NASA Medal for Scientific Achievement, 1967. U.S. Department of the Interior Honor Award for Meritorious Service, 1973. Member, U.S. National Academy of Sciences, 1980. U.S. Department of the Interior Distinguished Service Award, 1980. Arthur L. Day Medal of the Geological Society of America, 1982. G.K. Gilbert Award of the Geological Society of America, 1983. Reiser Kulturpreis, co-recipient with E.C.T. Chao and Richard Dehm, 1983. Honorary Doctorate of Science, University of Arizona, 1984. Barringer Award of the Meteoritical Society, 1984. Kuiper Prize of the American Astronomical Society, Division for Planetary Sciences, 1984. Leonard Medal of the Meteoritical Society, 1985. Distinguished Alumni Award of the California Institute of Technology, 1986. Rittenhouse Medal of the Rittenhouse Astronomical Society, co-recipient with C.S. Shoemaker, 1988. U.S. National Medal of Science, 1992. Whipple Award, American Geophysical Union, 1993. Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1993. AIAA Space Science Award, 1996. NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal, 1996. Bowie Medal, American Geophysical Union, 1996. Special Award, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1997. Shoemaker Award, Texas Section of the American Institute of Professional Geologists, awarded posthumously, 1997.

Gene as USGS Astrogeology Branch Chief (mid 1960's)
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From 1962 to 1985, Shoemaker blended his astrogeology research for the USGS with teaching at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). He chaired Caltech's Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences from 1969 to 1972. One of his doctorate students at Caltech, Dr. Susan Werner Kieffer, remembers him as being one of the most unfailingly generous, and intellectually honest mentors she has ever known. His colleagues at the USGS remember a exceptionally brilliant, exuberant, vibrant man and a warm human being whose angry antics over copy machines and loud happy laughter rang down the hallways. I remember a meeting when a newcomer to science overheard Gene's excited conversation and laughter at a meeting and remarked "who is that loud guy?"--to which I replied that is the "god of planetary geology" and we all know that gods don't whisper. As with his persona, Gene Shoemaker's legacy will never be a whisper, but a loud burst onto the realm of Science that will be sorely missed. He is survived by his wife; his son, Patrick Shoemaker and wife Paula Kempchinsky; his daughters Christine Woodard and Linda Salazar and her husband Fred; and grandchildren, Sean and Adrian Woodard and Stefani Salazar, and a sister, Maxine Heath.

By Mary G. Chapman

Note: Larger versions of all images can be downloaded by clicking on the small images.

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Photos

Photo Gallery
President Bush awards the National Medal of Science to Gene Shoemaker during White House Rose Garden ceremony, June 23, 1992. 1750 x 1370, 268 kB	Gene receiving an honorary doctorate from Temple University in 1967. 1064 x 817, 317 kb	Gene pointing out secondary crater at simulated lunar crater field, east of Flagstaff (mid 1960's). 635 x 615, 159 kb
Gene with experimental surveying staff developed for possible use on the moon (1960's). 668 x 662, 50 kB	Gene after breakfast at field camp in the Empty Quarter. 262 x 321, 17 kb	Gene examining the ejecta blanket at the Wabar meteorite impact site. 428 x 588, 22 kb
Gene on fishing trip (early 1960's). 637 x 626, 142 kB	Gene getting feel of Bell rocket belt during Apollo Applications test (1960's). 417 x 667, 70 kb	Gene with Dr. Eddie McKee at Toroweap Pt., Grand Canyon (1968). 1141 x 818, 232 kb
Recent photo of Gene Shoemaker. 698 x 817, 367 kB	Gene, with Ray Batson (right) and Eliott Morris of the USGS, devising ways to map the moon (1960's). 1073 x 818, 304 kb	Gene with Dr. Eddie McKee at Toroweap Pt., Grand Canyon (1968).Gene at the Green River reenacting the Powell Expedition (May, 1968). 978 x 817, 377 kb
Gene and Carolyn with Secretary of Interior Udall(?) (1960's). 1137 x 817, 201 kB	Gene and Carolyn at a Flagstaff Party in their honor (1960's). 654 x 817, 291 kb	Recent photo of Gene near the sight of the Manson (Iowa) Impact Crater. 501 x 817, 90 kb

Eugene Shoemaker (3rd row from bottom, 6th from right) proud father of the Astrogeology Branch of the USGS shown with Branch employees during the 25th aniversary of the Branch (1987).
1264 x 556, 515 kB

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Additional Information

A tribute to Gene, which describes the epigraph that was created in his honor and accompanied his ashes to the Moon, can be found at tribute.

On Valentines Day, 2000 the thruster burn to put the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) Spacecraft into orbit around Asteroid Eros went as close to perfect. The NASA satellite is conducting the first-ever close-up study of an asteroid. The images of Eros sent back to Earth by the spacecraft show a surface covered with craters. During the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in Houston (3/14/00), Carl B. Pilcher, Director of Solar System Exploration at NASA Headquarters, announced that the spacecraft, currently orbiting asteroid 433 Eros more than 145 million miles from Earth, will now be known as NEAR Shoemaker, to posthumously honor Eugene M. Shoemaker and his ground breaking work with NASA, the Moon, other planets, and asteroids. Carolyn Shoemaker accepted in Gene?s behalf.

Shoemaker Ballad by Bevan M. French (NASA)

On the occasion of Gene Shoemaker's retirement from the USGS Bevan French composed a ballad in his honor. Bevan French has been a member of the Impact community of scientists and knew Gene for 30 years. Bevan retired from NASA Headquarters in 1994 and is now a Visiting Scientist with the Smithsonian Institution (202-357-1852, mnhms053@sivm.si.edu). If you have the RealAudio player you can listen to Bevan's introductory comments and hear him sing the ballad. We also have the written lyrics.

Shoemaker Impact Cratering Fund

Donations may be made to a trust fund established in Gene's name to assist scientists interested in impact cratering. Contributions may be sent to "Shoemaker Fund," Geological Society of America Foundation, PO Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301.

Gene Shoemaker Bibliography

Due to the large ammount of available bibliographies a listing in two formats has been created.

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