PROJECT TITLE: Inexpensive Off-Head Eye-Tracking for Computer Interaction
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
We propose to develop a novel computer interface for air traffic control specialists (ATCSs) that integrates voice recognition and eye-tracking to enable hands-free interaction with an ATC display. The proposed research is innovative in that it presents a novel, alternative approach for ATCSs to interact with graphical displays (using eye and voice) that can be efficient and cost-effective provided that eye-tracking can be made robust, non-intrusive and inexpensive. The primary objectives of this R&D are: (1) to determine how eye/voice interaction can best be used in an ATC interface; and (2) to develop the necessary off-head eye-tracking technology to make an ATC eye/voice interface practical. The ATCI concept depends on having off-head eye-tracking and will only be cost-effective when the price of eye-tracking drops. We anticipate producing an eye-tracker design and engineering prototype that can be produced in large quantities for a few hundred dollars per unit. The expected benefits of the ATCI are: (a) more efficient interaction by replacing some voice intensive interactions with natural use of point-of-gaze, and (b) improved performance over voice recognition only solutions in high noise, multiple speaker environments.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed research will result in inexpensive eye-tracking that will both enable new applications and provide an alternative to mouse and keyboard use. Application areas include: (1) hands-free operator-machine interaction for complex process control operations, e.g., air traffic control, space operations, and power plant control; (2) hands-free interfaces for commercial and military aviation and space crewstations, (3) teleoperation of vehicles such as unmanned ground or aerial vehicles; (4) assistive device technology for persons with disabilities; and (5) general consumer computer use.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Franz Hatfield
Synthetic Environments, Inc.
1401 Chain Bridge Road, Suite 300
McLean , VA 22101
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Synthetic Environments, Inc.
1401 Chain Bridge Road, Suite 300
McLean , VA 22101
PROJECT TITLE: Integral 3-D Display for Air Traffic Control
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a multi-perspective 360 degree look-around integral 3-D projection display that will enable air traffic control crews to view and analyze all aircraft activity in the airspace simultaneously, without wearing special 3-D glasses. The proposed integral 3-D display will be automultiscopic: a series of narrow view perspective images of a 3-D scene or object are optically projected in a high-speed sequence, through the use of a ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator (FLC SLM), onto a spinning holographic optical disk. This display will be in the form of a tabletop workbench, and will present multiple viewers around it with integrated 3-D images as seen from their own perspectives, overcoming the shortcomings of conventional stereoscopic 3-D displays. In Phase I, POC will design a laboratory prototype and demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method by integrating our high-speed FLC SLM with a holographic optical disk fabricated for the demonstration. When fully developed, the proposed multi-observer viewable integral 3-D display will be able to show distortion free, high resolution, full color, gray scale 3-D images suitable for many NASA applications.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Commercial applications of the integral 3-D display will be in video games, CAD/CAM, surveillance photogrammetry, training and simulation, air traffic control, molecular modeling, and medical imaging.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Kevin Yu
Physical Optics Corporation, E&P Division
20600 Gramercy Place, Building 100
Torrance , CA 90501-1821
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Physical Optics Corporation, EP Division
20600 Gramercy Place, Building 100
Torrance , CA 90501-1821
PROJECT TITLE: Adaptive Human/Machine Interface for Advanced Air Traffic Management
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The development and fielding of free flight air traffic management systems and procedures will dramatically change human roles and responsibilities in the airspace system. These systemic changes will create new challenges for the development of effective human/machine interfaces (HMIs) for air traffic control. Innovative HMIs must be developed to allow controllers to visualize air traffic information and rapidly identify airspace areas where controller intervention is needed without creating information overload and excessive workload. We propose to demonstrate the feasibility of developing a situation-adaptive HMI for advanced ATM operations incorporating two key functions:· A means of generating a high-level computational assessment of the current air traffic situation · A methodology for generating a situation-adaptive interface, so that what the operator sees and hears can be interpreted accurately and readily in the context of the current air traffic environment We propose a five-task development effort, consisting of: 1) problem scope specification; 2) development of SA models; 3) development of HMI content management strategies; 4) implementation and demonstration of a limited-scope prototype; and 5) requirements specification for full-scope development. Concept feasibility will be demonstrated using commercial off-the-shelf components in a simulated air traffic environment.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed technology will directly support the development of effective concepts of operations and human/machine interfaces for free flight. The proposed approach also offers the potential for the development of innovative HMIs for the coordination of unmanned aerial vehicles. Adaptive interfaces and situation assessment technologies offer potential in other high-value operator/system environments, including power system control rooms and process control centers.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Sandeep S. Mulgund
Charles River Analytics
One Alewife Center
Cambridge , MA 02140
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Charles River Analytics Inc.
One Alewife Center
Cambridge , MA 02140
PROJECT TITLE: Augmented Reality Vision System for the Tower Controller
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The augmented reality vision system for the Air Traffic Control (ATC) tower provides a controller-centered augmented reality display system improving human visual performance in monitoring airport surface operations under poor and zero visibility conditions. Aircraft identification, position, velocity and attitude and/or heading are data-linked to a tower-based data collection center. A 3D Computer Generated Image (CGI) of the airport, all aircraft and surface vehicles, as would be seen by the tower controller in good visibility, is computer generated by dedicated computers. The video signal is displayed to the controller by projecting the scene onto either a head-mounted augmented reality display or binoculars that provide augmented reality imagery. Full 360° horizontal viewing is available to the air traffic controller by turning his/her head. The air traffic controller uses this augmented reality display to monitor aircraft on arrival, direct aircraft to gates after landing, and back to the runway for take-off. The system concept also supports airport surface vehicle operations. The system interfaces with FAA Ground Traffic Control for cleared taxi routes and with the Airport Movement Area Safety System (AMASS) for surface movement information. This innovation will assist NASA by improving system capacity and capability and reducing aircraft accidents.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Potential commercial products include: the augmented reality vision processing system including interfaces to the aircraft systems and datalinks; the Personal Display ViewerTM; the database data collection center apparatus including interfaces to a D-GPS-based ground vehicle positioning system; and, the overall system integration at each airport.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Jimmy Krozel, Ph.D.
Seagull Technology, Inc.
16400 Lark Avenue
Los Gatos , CA 95032-2547
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Seagull Technology, Inc.
16400 Lark Avenue
Los Gatos , CA 95032-2547
PROJECT TITLE: Chaos in Air-traffic Management
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
As air traffic control evolves toward a more automated system, with decreasing direct control by air traffic controllers, a serious issue arises as to the likelihood that chaotic behavior will occur, and the likelihood that this chaotic behavior will result in unexpected system behavior such as sudden increases in traffic density and traffic delays. This proposal details an analytical approach to these problems based on what is called the Huberman Hogg (HH) equations developed by Bernardo Huberman and Tadd Hogg. Even the initial results given in this proposal show that chaotic behavior will result in the presence of information delays and information errors. This proposal also shows that in traffic modeling, even in the case of stable behavior with no apparent cause, there will be sudden bursts of instability. This has significant implications for air traffic control. Under the work proposed we will investigate these issues both analytically and through simulation. We will also code and test a software agent-based air traffic control system for a small set of ATC issues, and we will evaluate both the performance and possible chaotic behavior of this system.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Planning, scheduling, and resource allocation (PSR) software is in great demand, with companies with products in this area selling for as much as 50 times their total installed base. IAI has been working on PSR software using distributed autonomous agents, and the work herein proposed will investigate an important new application of that work. Additionally, the potential problem of chaotic performance of distributed decision making systems is a fundamental problem which has not seriously been investigated, and important commercial software tools to address this problem could result from the work herein proposed.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Leonard Haynes
Intelligent Automation, Inc.
2 Research Place, Suite 202
Rockville , MD 20850
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Intelligent Automation, Inc.
2 Research Place, Suite 202
Rockville , MD 20850
PROJECT TITLE: Airport Surface Communication and Surveillance
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This Small Business Innovative Research Phase I project supports thepreliminary research of an integrated state-of-the-art wireless communication and control system that will provide air traffic control (ATC) to airport surface-vehicle communication, complete airport surface-vehicle surveillance by ATC, and automated airport surface-fleet management. Currently, inefficient surface movement causes significant delays for both air-cargo and passenger flights that result in adverse economic ramifications. Additionally, inadequate surface control has led to collisions between surface vehicles and aircraft. The proposed system will significantly enhance the efficiency of airport surface-vehicle movement and ensure safe control of this movement. This SBIR supports research to establish: 1. the frequency spectrum of the channel most suitable for the proposed wireless system; 2. a statistical model of the channel; and 3. the optimal selection of the many parameters of the system.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Air-cargo operators and passenger carriers incur significant operatingcosts due to aircraft delays. This creates a strong commercial market for technology that increases the efficiency of airport surface operations. A goal of the proposed research is to develop bandwidth-efficient wireless systems for communications and tracking. This will enable airlines to improve the coordination between their surface operations and their business model. Additionally, the United States government has set very aggressive goals for the reduction of runway incursion incidents, thus increasing demand for a comprehensive surface-management solution to be used by air-traffic controllers.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Steve James Shattil
Idris Communications
4980 Meredith Way #201
Boulder , CO 80303
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Idris Communications
4980 Meredith Way #201
Boulder , CO 80303
PROJECT TITLE: Low-cost Aircraft Identification and Surveillance System
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Rannoch Corporation proposes to develop a low-cost (i.e., under $300K) 1090 MHz Multilateration/Line of Position (LOP)/Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) surface surveillance system, which uses the following cost-saving technology innovations: a two-receiver identification/position determination algorithm, GPS synchronization, and passive Mode A/C multilateration. The proposed system addresses Topic 01 Aviation Safety & Capacity, Subtopic 01.02 Advanced Concepts in Air Traffic Management, by providing low-cost surveillance technology which can be used to locate and identify traffic operating on the airport surface. This surveillance enhances safety by enabling ATC to have a situational display of traffic movement, as well as automatic runway incursion detection alerting. The system can be used as an enhancement to primary surface radar (i.e., Airport Surface Detection Equipment [ASDE]-3) by providing identification of aircraft targets and providing surveillance position aiding in regions where the radar does not provide reliable coverage. Another application of the system is standalone aircraft surveillance; a low-cost standalone system is needed at airports that have not qualified for any currently fielded surveillance system due to cost-benefits ratio analyses.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The multilateration/LOP/ADS-B surface surveillance system has the following commercial applications: (1) Airport surface surveillance to support runway incursion detection; (2) Airport surface surveillance to support traffic automation for FAA systems such as Surface Movement Advisor; (3) Airport surface surveillance to support NASA's Dynamic Runway Occupancy Monitoring system; (4) Terminal area surveillance to support Precision Runway Monitoring; and (5) Terminal area surveillance to provide surveillance of ADS-B-equipped aircraft.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Carl A. Evers
Rannoch Corporation
Suite 430, 1800 Diagonal Road
Alexandria , VA 22314
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Rannoch Corporation
1800 Diagonal Rd. Suite 430
Alexandria , VA 22314
PROJECT TITLE: Indoor Simulation of Mixed and Snow Icing Conditions
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
There are requirements and advisory materials under the FAA (USA) and JAA (Europe) that must be satisfied prior to flight into mixed icing and snow conditions. To achieve certification for flight into these conditions, aircraft must demonstrate in test and flight that they meet those requirements, some of which are as yet undefined. In the USA, the only available facilities at which these tests can be conducted are located outdoors and are subject to weather and seasonal constraints. None of the outdoor facilities addresses the need to include airspeed aspects for in-flight conditions. Currently, there exists no year-round indoor facility in the USA or Canada for controlled testing in Mixed Icing and Snow conditions. Such a facility would significantly aid OEM?s in the design phase of snow protection equipment by reducing cost and time to gather meaningful data. The objective of this innovation is to create snow and mixed icing conditions in an environmental chamber and closed-loop wind tunnels where indoor testing can be accomplished in a controlled and repeatable manner year-round. This involves designing appropriate nozzle geometries, defining the corresponding pressures and temperatures for specified wetness (or dryness) conditions, and controlling the ambient relative humidity for consistency and repeatability.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
A test facility is intended to reduce the time spent looking and chasing--sometimes in vain--for the actual conditions under which the aircraft is to be tested. As more becomes known about the icing environment, the greater will be the need to test for mixed and snow conditions in addition to supercooled water droplet environments. A testing facility can be a valuable tool if it can operate independent of the season with repeatable conditions by reducing the time spent in pursuit of a specific type of environmental condition and the cost involved. The capability proposed herein will provide the basis for development of a system that can be incorporated in the NASA Lewis Icing Research Tunnel (IRT) or other similar facilities in the nation. This is because the Cox icing tunnel has the size and flow capability sufficiently large to permit reasonable extrapolation to larger facilities. The LeClerc Icing Research Laboratory at Cox will offer the advantage of a controlled access to aircraft and engine manufacturers for conveniently testing in supercooled droplets, snow, or mixed conditions year-round.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Kamel Al-Khalil
Cox & Company, Inc.
200 Varick Street
New York , NY 10014
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Cox & Company, Inc.
200 Varick Street
New York , NY 10014
PROJECT TITLE: Artificially Induced Hydrophobic System for Aircraft Anti-Icing
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
A thin build-up of ice on a wing or tail can substantially increase drag, disturb aircraft aerodynamic performance, and has caused numerous aircraft accidents. Current de-icing mechanisms leave some residual ice on the airfoil and most impose substantial weight and power penalties. A method for artificially inducing hydrophobic behavior on an airfoil surface for anti-icing and de-icing of aircraft is proposed. It has been demonstrated that a small correctly polarized electrical current passed through the junction of an ice (or water) and metal surface will neutralize the bonding forces that cause the ice to adhere to metal. The electrical path can be implemented by a thin film electrode pattern that neither intrudes into the interior of the wind nor alters the aerodynamics of the wing. Innovative dynamics, Inc. proposes to evaluate this concept in an embodiment characteristic of an airfoil moving through air. By artificially creating a hydrophobic surface, we expect to obtain light weight, low power anti-icing that is free of residual ice.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Commercial applications include general aviation, commuter, and transport aircraft airfoils, propellers, and engine inlets, as well as helicopter and tilt-rotor blades. Other applications include ship and building superstructures, bridges, and power-generating turbine inlets.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Jack A. Edmonds
Innovative Dynamics, Inc.
2560 North Triphammer Road
Ithaca , NY 14850
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Innovative Dynamics, Inc.
2560 North Triphammer Road
Ithaca , NY 14850
PROJECT TITLE: Thermal Electric Anti-ice De-ice System for Metallic and Composite Air Frame, Air Foil Structures
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
A thermal-electric anti-ice de-ice system with a heating element of flexible graphite bonded to a heat conducting polyurethane. Flexible graphite is a material that can be altered to the thousandths of an inch to produce a heating element with variable watt density. This heating element can then be zoned to produce optimum heat in critical areas of an airfoil or structure.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The flexible graphite heating element is of such efficiency, light weight and size as to pose no significant changes in aerodynamic performance to most airfoils and structures, making it suitable for most general aviation aircraft. Significant interest is also present in the helicopter industry with their need for de-ice systems on rotor blades requiring a variable watt density from the root to the tip of the blades.Commercial aircraft will also benefit from the huge weight savings for tail section de-icing with the graphite heater vs. bleed air.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Robert Rutherford
EGC Enterprises, Inc.
8833 Quail Circle
Kirtland , OH 44094
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
EGC Enterprises Inc.
140 Parker CT.
Chardon , OH 44024
PROJECT TITLE: Globally Stable Design and Analysis Tools for Reconfigurable Systems with Saturating Acuators
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
When aircraft operate with effectors at their rate or position limit, thecontrol loop is opened and a number of problems can occur ranging from performance degradation to loss of stability. For this reason, most modern control laws are designed to avoid actuator saturation during normal operation. In the event of a failure, however, it may be necessary to operate with one or more actuators in saturation to achieve the required level of closed-loop performance. This research will develop global analysis techniques and design tools for linear systems subject to actuator saturation. Building upon promising results obtained using a semi-global framework this research will address robust global stabilization in the presence of matched uncertainties (e.g., actuator saturation), robust output regulation from global initial states, and disturbance decoupling with global asymptotic stability. It is expected that the techniques developed in the proposed effort will lay the groundwork from which more challenging global control problems in the presence of actuator saturation, unmatched uncertainties, and unmatched disturbances can be approached. As part of the effort, the proposers will develop a prototype MATLAB toolbox to assist engineers in applying these techniques to practical control problems in a wide range of application domains.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed research will significantly advance the state-of-the-art for control of systems with saturating actuators. Because saturation is, perhaps, the most common type of nonlinearity encountered in modern control systems, the benefits of the research will be widely applicable to a variety of areas, including reconfigurable flight control. It is hoped that the research will ultimately lead to global robust control in the presence of unmatched uncertainties and disturbances. Additionally, there are currently no software products on the market that can assist with the design and analysis of controllers for systems subject to saturation nonlinearities. The proposed prototype MATLAB toolkit will benefit engineers in disciplines ranging from aerospace to chemical process control by facilitating design of improved controllers with known stability properties for systems with saturating actuators.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
David G. Ward
Barron Associates, Inc.
1160 Pepsi Place, Suite 300
Charlottesville , VA 22901
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Barron Associates, Inc.
1160 Pepsi Place, Suite 300
Charlottesville , VA 22901-0807
PROJECT TITLE: Model-Based Fault Detection and Identification
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The innovation herein detailed is a technique for designing model-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) for Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC) at the system level. Most model-based FDI approaches use the system dynamic models directly. The problems with these approaches are that the system dynamic models are very complicated and the system topology may not reflect the actual flow of failure information. Our FDI approach is based on "Dependency Model" (DM), which describes the high level information flow during the occurrence of failures or faults. Therefore, DM is more suitable for FDI than the system dynamic model. The most difficult task in DM-based FDI is the generation of the DM. For example, it usually takes several men/months to generate a DM for a regular avionics system. In this Phase I work, we propose to develop a technique to automatically derive a DM from a GNC system dynamic model described in a system level simulator such as MATLAB and SIMULINK. When integrated with testability analysis tool developed by IAI from previous works, we can have an automatic tool for designing FDI for GNC. The result of this research can reduce the time and cost of FDI development significantly.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
This FDI design tool will find a big commercial market in the airplane industry and government agencies including NASA, Air Force, Army, and Navy. We can package it as a software package to be used by clients, or we can use it to provide FDI design services for customers. The proposed design tool can be extended to other parts of spacecraft systems, such as propulsion system, environmental control and life support system, hydraulic system, electrical power system, attitude control system, etc. In addition, the same technology can be easily applied to ground and ocean vehicles. Therefore, the proposed design tool has a huge commercialization potential.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Chujen Lin
Intelligent Automation, Inc.
2 Research Place, Suite 202
Rockville , MD 20850
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Intelligent Automation, Inc.
2 Research Place, Suite 202
Rockville , MD 20850
PROJECT TITLE: Fault-Tolerant Object-Oriented Code Generator
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Quality Research Associates proposes developing a software tool to automatically generate interface code that integrates user applications with object-oriented (OO) modules from a library of software fault tolerance techniques. The approach involves generating high-level, OO code for inclusion in an application. The tool-produced code includes subclass specifications and shells, as well as code that describes the application scenario to the appropriate fault tolerance technique executive from the library. The approach?s key innovations include automatically generating subclass shells, generating ?infrastructure? code to facilitate application integration, providing structured ?hints? within stub code comments to aid users, and designing the automated code generation tool to work in conjunction with a reusable code library and a Software Fault Tolerance Design Assistant (SWFTDA) tool for selecting fault tolerance techniques. By automating tedious integration coding, the proposed technology would remove a significant obstacle to using the library of software fault tolerance techniques, especially for legacy systems that are not designed around OO constructs. Automating integration code generation and combining it with existing library and design utilities creates a powerful, end-to-end system that speeds development, reduces coding errors and increases developer productivity.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The technology assists system developers using software fault tolerance techniques for high-reliability computer systems, such as systems for commercial aircraft, plant control, medical device control, and transaction systems. Our approach provides an important part of an end-to-end development tool for fault-tolerant applications.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Laura L. Pullum
Quality Research Associates, Inc.
2875 Williams Farm Drive
Dacula , GA 30019
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Quality Research Associates, Inc.
2875 Williams Farm Drive
Dacula , GA 30019
PROJECT TITLE: Visual RAD Environment for Formal System Development
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
ArrowLogics will further develop a design infrastructure for complex systems by carefully reducing to practice the results of decades of research on formal design concepts. This infrastructure includes mechanisms for structuring design representations horizontally (components) and vertically (abstraction layers), while ensuring compatibility of component designs and preservation of required properties under change of abstraction levels. In practice, the reuse of existing tools and components is critical; so is the proper choice of notation or language depending on the component, aspect, or abstraction level considered. To establish semantic cohesion it is therefore necessary to make precise the interaction of tools and components that are based on different formalisms. Our design technology therefore supports multiple logics within the same environment. The innovative aspects of our technology lie in the creative combination of concepts from several mathematical disciplines, the realization of the combined theoretical framework using leading-edge, mainstream technologies, and the visual interface to the semantic design structures.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Our technology is applicable beyond software to other engineering disciplines, for instance hardware or mechanical design. It will allow the rapid production and controlled adaptation of high-integrity systems and algorithms. We are in discussion with major aerospace, telecommunications, and hardware design companies about possible applications of this technology. Specialized design environments will be constructed by populating our RAD infrastructure with specific design formalisms, languages, tools, and interfaces. The exact form and nature of the resulting design environments will vary across application domains and organizations. The need for specialized interfaces may be called for by different engineering traditions. The nature of application domains and the need to protect organizational investments in particular tools calls for the integration of different tools in different circumstances. Despite different appearances, all these environments would be organized by the same infrastructure-provided general concepts, ensuring in particular semantic coherence.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Y.V. Srinivas
ArrowLogics Corporation
848 Corvallis Drive
Sunnyvale , CA 94087
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
ArrowLogics Corporation
848 Corvallis Drive
Sunnyvale , CA 94087
PROJECT TITLE: System State Determination for Real-Time Sensor Validation
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Expert Microsystems and Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) will develop an innovative state determination algorithm to improve the performance of our real-time sensor validation system. Automated detection of sensor failures provides an immediate return on NASA?s investment by reducing the manpower, schedule and uncertainty associated with sensor failure detection. Our innovation is a system operating state determination algorithm which enables the sensor validation algorithm to be optimized for each operating state of the physical plant. Our sensor validation system, recently developed for NASA, uses ANL patented algorithms which have been shown to provide high fidelity sensor validation for nuclear power stations. The sensor validation technique is centered around implementations of the Sequential Probability Ratio Test and Multivariate State Estimation Technique algorithms. We will augment these algorithms with a Learning Vector Quantization neural network algorithm to automatically characterize the current operating state of a physical plant. Phase I culminates in production and delivery of a prototype run-time module which validates flight accelerometer data for the Space Shuttle Main Engine with high reliability across all operating states of the engine. The resulting sensor validation system will be widely applicable to NASA launch vehicles, ground support systems, and industrial machinery monitoring.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Requirements for sensor data validation exist in mission critical aerospace and industrial control and safety systems where data integrity is essential. The technology is applicable to any process or vehicle control application where: time-critical, closed-loop control and safety monitoring depend on sensor input; or unexpected process interruptions due to sensor failures or false alarms are uneconomical. Launch vehicles clearly satisfy both criteria, as do many other NASA and DoD mission critical control and sensing applications. Most power generation and chemical process plants also satisfy both criteria. In 1996, ANL and Expert Microsystems entered into a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) to develop and commercialize an innovative methodology and software product addressing this wide-spread need. Our Sensor Validation System automates the production of application specific sensor validation run-time modules which are embeddable in the users process control environment. These real-time capable modules enable improved safety, reduced maintenance cost, and optimal economics for many process-oriented enterprises including aerospace vehicle and ground support systems, power generation plants, and chemical processing plants.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Randall L. Bickford
Expert Microsystems, Inc.
7932 Country Trail Drive, Suite 1
Orangevale , CA 95662-2120
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Expert Microsystems, Inc.
7932 Country Trail Drive, Suite 1
Orangevale , CA 95662-2120
PROJECT TITLE: Isolation-Enhanced Principle Component Analysis
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This Phase 1 SBIR proposal details an approach to equipment health monitoring which is able to diagnose a specific failure without an analytic model, and without data obtained for specific failure cases. It is quite common to add sensors to electromechanical equipment to detect and hopefully even diagnose failures. The basic idea of these approaches is to check whether the current measurement data taken from the Unit Under Test (UUT), on-line or off-line, are still in agreement with system nominal models which are representations of the relationships between inputs, disturbances, and outputs when the UUT is behaving normally, and under specific failure cases. If an inconsistency between a system nominal model and real-time measurements is detected, faulty components and sensors/actuators within the system need to be identified. Most systems in use today are model based, but the models are difficult to develop and are generally very imprecise. There are non-model based schemes but these require data from systems with specific failures to be able to diagnose failures. In practice, such failure data is very difficult to obtain. Our Isolation-enhanced PCA approach supports fault detection, and diagnosis of certain failures with no model, and without specific failure data. Only date for nominal operation is required.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Our commercialization goal is a set of software tools which allow detection and diagnosis locally or even across the Internet. Other tools we are developing provide support for remote repair actions, with video and audio provided across the Internet.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Chiman Kwan
Intelligent Automation, Inc.
2 Research Place, Suite 202
Rockville , MD 20850
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Intelligent Automation, Inc.
2 Research Place, Suite 202
Rockville , MD 20850
PROJECT TITLE: Automated On-line Health Monitoring, Failure Detection and Identification using Interacting Multiple Models (IMM) Kalman Filters
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
On-line autonomous sensor and actuator Health Monitoring-Failure Detection and Identification (HM-FDI) is becoming a critical issue in aircraft health monitoring, as the number of on-board and off-board sensors and actuators, as well as the complexity of each one of these sensors, has increased substantially during the recent past. SSCI propose an innovative approach to on-line autonomous Health Monitoring, Failure Detection and Identification for aircraft and spacecraft systems based on a novel combination of the Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) approach and on-line System Identification (SI), that will be called ``adaptive IMM''. The IMM algorithm was originally developed, and has been successfully used, for tracking maneuvering targets, but its application to FDI is completely new. In this new approach, each possible (anticipated) failure is mapped into a different state space model. For each one of these models, a Kalman filter (KF) computes the individual state estimates and the likelihood function corresponding to that model. The individual estimates are weighted with the probability of each model being correct (derived from the likelihood functions) to give a single (accurate) state estimate. SI is needed for detecting and identifying unanticipated failures (for example, partial degradation due to battle damage of an actuator surface or aircraft surface). On-line SI is performed using an approach based on Deterministic/Stochastic Realization Algorithms (DSRA) which identifies a state space model of the system from the multi-input multi-output (MIMO) measured data.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The Health Monitoring/FDI system to be developed during this Phase I will be of direct application to Bell Helicopter's Eagle Eye UAV (already being fly-tested). Bell has expresed its interest in the HM/FDI system proposed here, and a succesfull completion of Phase I will lead to a prototype implemetantion during Phase II to be tested at Bell's flight lab and hot-bench facilities, and commercialization during Phase III. There is also an increasing number of industrial application where advanced process control is heavily dependent on sensor information, and a sensor FDI system would be of direct application. In essence, any closed loop system that use information provided by a sensor will benefit from an FDI.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Constantino Rago
Scientific Systems Company, Inc
500 West Cummings Park, Suite 3000
Woburn , Ma 01801
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Scientific Systems Company, Inc.
500 W. Cummings Park Suite 3000
Woburn , MA 01801-6503
PROJECT TITLE: Detecting the Onset of Fire in an Aircraft by Employing Correlation Spectroscopy
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
In-flight fire is a potential catastrophe. The incident on July 17, 1996, involving TWA Flight 800, is one example. Damage to life and property can be minimized, if not entirely eliminated, by employing a device that would detect the onset of fire and provide early warning. A fire is preceded by an induction stage in which some marker compounds are released in the air. For example, one can smell odors from an overheated electrical wire. Examples of these markers include carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride, oxides of nitrogen and hydrogen cyanide. By detecting marker compounds selectively and sensitively, this Phase I project will demonstrate the feasibility of a commercially viable fire onset monitoring system (FOMS). FOMS, an all fiber optic device, will use an intracore tunable filter to perform correlation spectroscopy a form of absorption measurements. Intelligent Optical Systems (IOS), Inc. will construct and test these filters tailored to precisely match the spectral characteristics of the marker compounds in the near infrared region. The use of intracore tunable filters will lead to a low cost, intrinsically safe, and field deployable system without using expensive wavelength-tunable laser diodes or bulky "reference cells" filled with target gases.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Aside from aircraft use, FOMS can be installed in large buildings for fire protection. Spin-off products for chemical detection will have great commercial value in the remote monitoring of environmental contaminants, chemical process control, oil exploration, and mine safety. NASA will directly benefit by installing FOMS in spacecraft and space stations.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Kisholoy Goswami, Ph.D.
Intelligent Optical Systems, Inc.
2520 W. 237th Street
Torrance , CA 90505-5217
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Intelligent Optical Systems, Inc.
2520 W. 237th Street
Torrance , CA 90505-5217
PROJECT TITLE: Study of Agent Effectiveness in Suppression of Aircraft Post-Crash Cabin Fires Using Advanced FT-IR Diagnostics
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The life safety problems in post-crash aircraft fire scenarios are particularly complex, as one needs to address a number of critical issues: high environment temperatures, high radiative heat fluxes, flammability of the polymeric cabin materials, toxicity of pyrolysis and combustion products, and interactions of the fire suppression agent (if used) with material pyrolysis and combustion products. Advanced Fuel Research, Inc. (AFR) and its affiliate, On-Line Technologies, Inc. (On-Line) have developed advanced FT-IR diagnostic methods for combustion systems and incorporated these methods into advanced material evaluation instruments, such as a high temperature Oxygen Index (OI)/FT-IR apparatus developed for the Army Materials Laboratory. The overall objective of the proposed program is to evaluate a test procedure and apparatus to investigate the interaction of fire suppression agents with pyrolysis and combustion products of representative polymeric aircraft cabin materials in high temperature, high radiative heat flux environments. This work will be comprised of four tasks: 1) selection of representative polymer samples; 2) modification of an existing OI/FT-IR apparatus, followed by fire suppression tests with the measurement of gaseous products and smoke by FT-IR spectroscopy; 3) analysis of data and evaluation of product toxicity; and 4) final evaluation of this method/apparatus.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The potential commercial applications of the enhanced OI/FT-IR instrument and testing/procedure include product development, fire suppression agent screening materials testing, and quality control in private laboratories for transportation or building construction needs. This system could also be used by the DoD, NASA, NIST, or the FAA in a similar manner to develop safer materials.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Yonggang Chen
Advanced Fuel Research, Inc.
87 Church Street
East Hartford , CT 06108-3742
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Advanced Fuel Research, Inc.
87 Church Street
East Hartford , CT 06108-3742
PROJECT TITLE: Atmospheric Ionizing Radiation Dosimeter for Aircrews on Supersonic Transport Aircraft and Commercial Airliners
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
As a preliminary step towards the development of a low-cost portable Atmospheric Ionizing Radiation (AIR) Dosimeter for use by aircrews and frequent travelers aboard a future supersonic transport and on current subsonic airliners, a number of different passive and active ionizing radiation detectors will be investigated. Instrumentation and Methodology developed to meet NASA's radiation dosimetry needs aboard the Space Shuttle and on unmanned satellites is well suited for adaptation to dosimetry needs aboard both supersonic and subsonic aircraft. The complex composition of the radiation environment at stratospheric altitudes makes it unlikely that a single detector type will adequately measure all of the radiation components. In Phase I a complimentary selection of passive and/or active detectors will be sought that measures those particle species, in the energy ranges present at high altitudes, that are known to be of greatest risk to human health. Mass and volume constraints, ease of use, power consumption, and costs of manufacturing, processing and data analysis for each detector type will also be assessed. An initial market study is included in Phase I. In Phase II a functional prototype of the AIR Dosimeter will be developed, flight-tested and demonstrated to potential customers and investors.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The primary commercial market for an AIR Dosimeter is the airline industry. An AIR Dosimeter would be used to monitor personnel radiation exposure of pilots and flight attendants aboard future High Speed Civil Transport aircraft and who routinely fly routes at Northern latitudes aboard subsonic aircraft. Additional customers may include the United States Air Force and individual pilots, flight attendants, and frequent travelers who are concerned about the health risks associated with their radiation exposure.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Eugene V. Benton
Eril Research, Inc.
P. O. Box 150788
San Rafael, , CA 94915-0788
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Eril Research, Inc.
P. O. Box 150788
San Rafael , CA 94915-0788
PROJECT TITLE: Low Viscosity PETI-5 for RTM/RFI Processing
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
To address the NASA requirement for high temperature (350 oF, 60,000 hours) RTM resins Eikos has assembled a world class team of product development specialists that is best qualified to evaluate and develop processable, state-of-the-art, RTM / RFI resin systems based on the NASA Langley low viscosity PETI-5 or PERA-1 resin. Eikos LLC will rapidly push the development and qualification of a 350oF RTM / RFI system into a commercial product with the use of private-sector investment. For end-user qualification Eikos LLC has teamed with McDonnell-Douglas to evaluate these resins in RTM and S/RFI (stitched resin film infusion) panels. Mr. Corey Arendt, (Boeing/MDC) will oversee the fabrication of composite panels / parts, along with neat resin samples of 3 structural variants of the NASA PERA-1 RTM resin and enhancement of the curing package for enhanced toughness and additional thermo-oxidative stability. Mr. Piche is currently involved in the development and evaluation of high temperature RTM and RFI resins for a prime defense contractor and WPAFB, Materials Lab. In addition to providing a thorough evaluation of these PERA-1-based resin systems (TOS, DMA, TGA, hygrothermal testing) we will test these resins with the MDC proprietary stitching technology, (the state-of-the-art in Z direction reinforcement) for Damage Tolerance Improvement.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The development of this novel resin system will allow for the low cost fabrication of advanced composite parts with complex geometries. This is an enabling technology that will reduce the weight of key aircraft components required to endure the increasing thermal requirements of advanced aircraft designs.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Joseph W. Piche
Eikos, L.L.C.
115 Dean Ave.
Franklin , MA 02038
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Eikos, L.L.C.
115 Dean Ave.
Franklin , MA 02038
PROJECT TITLE: High Resolution CMOS Active Pixel Sensor for Flight Deck
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The proposed innovation to be addressed in this work is the development of a cost efficient, high-resolution CMOS Active Pixel Sensor (APS) digital camera-on-a-chip with potential opportunities for high bandwidth real time video image processing and image-based object detection (especially in the area of machine algorithms for air-to-air collision and near-miss target detection from on-a-chip image sensors). The CMOS APS camera-on-a-chip technology was recently invented and developed by the Photobit's founders during their former employment with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and in the past three years at Photobit. It is a high performance, low power, very compact and cost efficient CMOS image sensor technology that provides resolution, sensitivity and dynamic range competitive with CCDs yet offers significant system advantages. In Phase I, optimal architectures to achieve both excellent image quality and a reasonable chip size will be investigated. The technical feasibility of obtaining ultra-high resolution conforming to HDTV standard (1,920 x 1,080), dynamic range over 60dB (10bit), frame rate up to 60Hz and output data flow around 1Gbit/sec will be studied. Main circuitry to implement the multi-million pixel camera-on-a-chip will be designed and simulated. Special considerations for post-camera image processing and signal compression will be performed.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Color digital CMOS APS technology is expected to be applicable to many consumer, commercial and military applications, ranging from astronomy and biology, HDTV and electronic photography, medical and computer imaging, security and home video to star tracking, target detection, vehicle navigation, automatic inspection and the other CCTV and machine vision systems.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Vladimir Berezin
Photobit Corporation
135 N. Los Robles Ave., 7th Floor
Pasadena , CA 91101
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Photobit Corporation
135 N. Los Robles Ave., 7th Floor
Pasadena , CA 91101
PROJECT TITLE: Design of Damage-Tolerant Composite Sandwich Panels with Tear Straps
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The objectives of the Phase-I research address the development of mechanics-based structural integrity analysis methodologies for composite sandwich panels with cracks. The methodologies and models will be implemented in a finite element code with STAGS which represent fracture mechanics capability for predicting the crack turning, the direction of failure progression, and residual strength. Further the line integrals developed will remove the complicated and time-consuming task of remeshing or adjusting the mesh direction as the crack extends or kinks, thereby accurately evaluating the critical crack-tip parameters for crack growth direction. Using the established fracture criteria for crack initiation and propagation, the direction of crack growth and residual strength of sandwich panels can be evaluated. It aims at establishing novel modeling capability of assessing and optimizing the residual strength of flat and curved sandwich panels.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The analytical and computational development of anisotropic fracture mechanics-based models will be combined to greatly improve our predictive capability on the damage tolerance of composite panels. The integrated design tool will allow, for the first time, the composite structures to be designed for aircraft applications with confidence. Airframe designers will use this tool by varying major design parameters to produce an optimal structure which not only provides fail-safe capability but also would improve the performance with the new technologies.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Gary X. Cai
Structures Technology, Inc.
2016 Cameron Street, Suite 213
Raleigh , NC 27605
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Structures Technology, Inc.
2016 Cameron Street
Raleigh , NC 27605
PROJECT TITLE: High Speed Civil Transport Engine Cost AssessmentProgram
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Currently the engine companies have no reliable means for estimating and projecting the cost of the High Speed Civil Transport(HSCT) propulsion system. While HSCT development efforts concentrate on performance of component demonstrators and slave hardware made from conventional materials affordability and producibility issues have yet to be addressed. Studies conducted by NASA and industry between 1987 and 1989 (ref. 1 & 2) indicated that a substantial market for HSCT exists early in the next century provided the plane is environmentally friendly and the fare premium over a subsonic does not exceed 20%. The latter depends, to a significant extent on acquisition affordability. In order to get a handle on affordability, a tool that could provide the design community a quick way of assessing cost and evaluating impact of design changes on cost is highly desired. An endorsement of this effort by the GEAE-HSCT Project Office (p.22) and allowing a link-up with the engine team underscores the importance of this innovation. Due to the presence of new materials, unique manufacturing processes, and challenging applications whose economics has not been modeled before, this program will be breaking new ground. In addition, manufacturing process oriented approach captures opportunities for cost reduction/avoidance, an imperative for targeting affordability.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The HSCT Engine Cost Assessment Program will result in an enabling technology for the HSCT propulsion system permitting the design community to view cost as a variable during numerous design studies.This technology will quickly find home with the OEMs and have a favorable impact on affordability of the HSCT propulsion system. Phase I (conducted in close collaboration with the engine team) will demonstrate the concept of a user- friendly system, that can estimate cost by inputting physical parameters, normally available in the early phases of product development. In Phase II, we envision development of a stand-alone system for use by the HSCT engine OEMs and technology vendors. In Phase III, two products are to be targeted: Adapating this system for use by the turbine industry (code named CAC-Computer Aided Costing), and a second product to be integrated with CAD systems like Unigraphics, Auto Desk, Parametric Tech, etc. (code named C3AD-Cost Conscious Computer Aided Design) therby pushing the state of the art of design technology to a new frontier.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Jerry Evans
American Technology & Se, Inc.
4015 Executive Park Dr, Suite 150
Cincinnati , OH 45241
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
American Technology & Services, Inc.
4015 Executive Park Drive, Suite 150
Cincinnati , OH 45241
PROJECT TITLE: Metal Matrix Composite Actuators for the Mixer-Ejector Nozzle of the HSCT Engine
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Triton Systems, Inc. proposes to develop the materials and processess to fabricate a chopped fiber interface for wound fiber preforms that functionally grades teh coefficient of thermal expansion to minimize thermally induced stress at reinforcement volume fraction discontinuities in cast metal matrix composites. This development will enable the fabrication of engine exit nozzle actuators for the High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) program that are half the weight of titanium with identical or longer service life. The innovation is a technique to inject chopper fiber into the tow during the winding of the last few layers so that the chopped fibers will orient in the Z-direction on the outboard side of the winding. No binders are required and a graded high strength interface structure is produced. This stress minimization at volume fraction discontinuities will enable actuator designs taht can accommodate continuously reinforced material in actuator designs is necessary to fabricate all of the complex structural features of high performance actuators without using expensive braiding techniques. The proposed phase I program will pave the way for HSCT exit nozzle actuator fabrication in phase II.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed interface preform technology will enable the fabrication of high temperature, lightweight, affordable, actuators for the High Speed Civil Transport Program. Other high temperature, weight sensitive applications include actuators for military aircraft such as the F-22 and JSF. Commercial flight applications include lightweight actuators for flight control surfaces and exit nozzle actuators. Additional applications included temperature and weight components in automative applications.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Mr. James Burnett
Triton Systems, Inc.
200 Turnpike Road
Chelmsford , MA 01824
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Triton Systems, Inc.
200 Turnpike Road
Chelmsford , MA 01824
PROJECT TITLE: A Low-Noise 3-Blade Composite Propeller for General Aviation Aircraft
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The proposed innovation is a 3 blade composite propeller optimized for low noise. This will use the Quasi-Constant Speed (QCS)flexible composite propeller concept developed by Global for 2-blade propellers. The QCS propeller changes the pitch of the blades, without the complexity of existing constant speed propellers, by use of flexible composite blades that deflect to the optimum blade angle for takeoff and the optimum angle for cruise. The design of QCS propellers has been difficult since the interaction between aerodynamics, acoustics, structures, and manufacturing limits are inter-related. This has required exhaustive iterative design work by various specialists which took 6 months before all of the requirements for a single blade design were satisfied. In the proposed program, a PC based optimization method will bring together the experience and software needed to do the tasks in previous designs and allows these tasks to run iteratively to define an optimum QCS blade design. The potential of the method will be demonstrated in Phase I in a preliminary design of a 3-blade QCS propeller that meets stringent European noise certification requirements. In Phase II, the method will be completed and an optimum QCS propeller will be designed, tested, and publically demonstrated. The proposed project meets the objectives of Subtopic 03.01 for improvement in the environ-mental compatibility of subsonic aircraft through reduction of noise and improvement of passenger comfort.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The direct commercial potential for the proposed project is the manufacture and sale of:· A GA airplane incorporating the proposed low-noise, 3-Blade composite propeller. · Production and sale of low-noise 3-Blade composite propellers to existing aircraft owners. · Production and sale of low-noise 3-Blade composite propellers to other light aircraft manufacturers. Global Aircraft Corporation is currently certifying its GT-3 Trainer airplane under FAA Part 23 Regulations. The Company currently has available funding to construct the initial production facility by November 1998. Global has adequate financial reserves in the current credit facility to finance production of the low-noise 3-Blade composite propellers to be developed and FAA certified in Phase II.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Michael R. Smith
Global Aircraft Coporation
P.O. Box 850
Starkville , MS 39760
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Global Aicraft Corporation
P.O. Box 850
Starkville , MS 39760
PROJECT TITLE: Broadband Aircraft Cabin Noise Attenuation
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Noise is an important source of passenger and crew discomfort in commercial jetliners and military aircraft. Frequent travelers will attest to the fatigue generated by several hours of exposure to this continuous, although not ear-piercing, rumble. Broadband cabin noise is generated by turbulence propagating along the airframe and by adjacent jet exhaust, depicted in Figure 1. The airframe vibration causes the trim panels to vibrate via structural and acoustic paths through the trim panel cavity. This creates 85 to 90 dB(A) of noise in the cabin. Typically, the noise energy is concentrated at the lower end of the spectrum from 100-600 Hz. The proposed work addresses solutions to the problem of low-frequency broadband turbulent boundary layer and exhaust noise in aircraft. Prior art, including low-Q elastomeric frame vibration absorbers, soft-mounting of trim panels, and passive Helmholtz resonators, is compared with Hood Technology's innovative concept of an array of independent active acoustic cells in the trim-panel cavity. These cells, consisting of an acoustic actuator, a microphone, and feedback electronics, null the sound pressure at their microphones, effectively reducing the acoustic impedance of the trim panel cavity. These methods of cabin noise attenuation will be compared on the bases of performance, weight penalty, complexity, and cost.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The ultimate goal of this research is to develop a scheme to reduce broadband noise on aircraft. If the research yields an effective solution which is low-cost and adds little weight, the commercial potential is vast. The airline crew would benefit from the more pleasant work environment. Travelers would have a much more enjoyable ride. And every commercial airline would need to retrofit their aircraft to keep pace with their competitors.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Peter M. Tappert
Hood Technology Corporation
1750 Country Club Road
Hood River , OR 97031
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Hood Technology Corporation
1750 Country Club Road
Hood River , OR 97031
PROJECT TITLE: A Novel Approach for Mitigation of Rotor Tip-Clearance Induced noise in Turbofan Engines
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
During aircraft landing and takeoff, the propulsive (engine) noise associated with a modern jetliner is a major contributor to the overall radiated sound. With the enforcement of stricter noise regulations at most airports, further reduction and suppression of the noise generated by the various engine components has become an issue of great importance. In particular, tip-clearance vortex noise has received little attention, even though the tip-clearance vortex competes with the rotor wake as the major source of fan noise for incoming aircraft. An effective approach for reducing tip-vortex noise is through application of a proven passive control technique to the rotor tip thereby altering the vortex initiation regime and reducing the intensity of the vortex roll-up process. The approach is innovative in the extension of a viable passive control strategy to complex unsteady flows, specifically to turbulent flows near airfoil tips as encountered in rotor tip-clearance spacing. The effort focuses on the reduction of tip-clearance noise of an engine fan and simulation of the modified tip-clearance-vortex flowfield. The lowering of engine fan noise will help NASA to meet its noise reduction goals under the agency's strategic pillars for success.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Design of low-noise aircraft fan-rotor blades, fan noise suppression for automobiles, computer hard disks, heating and ventilation system, and application of the developed passive control technique for reducing auto-frame noise.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Mehdi R. Khorrami
High Technology Corporation
28 Research Drive
Hampton , VA 23666
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
High Technology Corporation
28 Research Drive
Hampton , VA 23666
PROJECT TITLE: High-Accuracy Solution-Adaptive Method for Turbomachinery Noise Prediction
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The proposed work involves a new unstructured macro-cell algorithm for computational aeroacoustics (CAA), which may be two to three orders of magnitude more efficient than most current methods. The unstructured macro-cell algorithm has features of both structured and unstructured grid methods; it retains the efficiency and accuracy of structured grid methods and much of the adaptability of unstructured grid methods. The governing equations are solved on a macro-cell, a structured grid consisting of roughly 15 grid points in each spatial direction, using high-accuracy, explicit or implicit, finite-volume methods. A full computational domain is composed of perhaps thousands of macro-cells, arranged in an unstructured manner. The elements contributing to high efficiency include high-accuracy spatial discretization, good time integration, and spatial and temporal solution adaptivity. An advanced treatment of the slip-interference between domains in relative motion will be based on macro-cell boundary methods. These technologies will be validated on suitable CAA test cases and applied to blade/wake interactions representative of fan noise generation. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the new unstructured macro-cell method will be demonstrated.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed method will provide significant accuracy and efficiency advantages over existing methods used to predict noise generation in turbomachinery. These methods can be used in the design of advanced aircraft engines, and in other industries concerned with aeroacoustic noise generation.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Robert E. Childs
Nielsen Engineering & Research, Inc.
526 Clyde Avenue
Mountain View , CA 94043-2212
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Nielsen Engineering & Research, Inc.
526 Clyde Avenue
Mountain View , CA 94043-2212
PROJECT TITLE: Combined Laser Induced Incandescence and Multi-wavelength Scattering/Extinction Techniques for Real-Time Soot Size Measurement
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This proposal explores a variation of the Laser Induced Incandescence (LII) technique, and its integration with a multi-wavelength laser scattering/extinction technique, for measuring the soot concentration, soot primary size, and soot size distribution in the exhaust of aircraft engines with high temporal and spatial resolution. Recent research results show that the decay characteristics of the LII signal in the post-evaporative region could be used as a sensitive measure of the primary particle size. We seek elegant means of analyzing the LII signal. Furthermore, the novelty of our proposed research is that it seeks to combine the capabilities of LII with that of multi-wavelength extinction and scattering techniques to yield an integrated instrument that could be used for measuring soot concentration, size, and size distribution. The rationale is that the additional pieces of information provided by LII (namely, soot concentration and primary particle size) could be used to offset the one major limitation of laser based multi-wavelength scattering and extinction technique, namely the ambiguity of the refractive index. This proposal is a direct response to the NASA Subtopic 3.03 which calls for new instrumentation techniques for measuring engine emissions including size and size distributions of aerosols and particulates.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The potential for a measurement instrument of this kind is quite large and includes particulate emission measurement from Diesel engines, gasoline injection engines, gas turbine, and industrial burner related applications. In addition, there is the potential of using this instrument for monitoring and enforcing strict environmental laws.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
William D. Bachalo
Artium Technologies
34211 Petard Terrace
Fremont , CA 94555-2611
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Artium Technologies
34211 Petard Terrace
Fremont , CA 94555-2611
PROJECT TITLE: Low Frequency, High Amplitude Fuel Modulator to Enhance Lean Blowout and Reduce Emissions in AST Combustors
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This SBIR project proposes to develop a fuel pulsing Lean Direct Injection (LDI) nozzle that reduces nozzle blowout equivalence ratio (phi) and reduces NOx emissions by 90% compared to ICAO 1996 standards. In contrast to high frequency (> 10,000 Hz), low motion piezoelectric actuators studied in the past, the proposed LDI will utilize an innovative low frequency (< 1000 Hz) magnetic actuator with up to full off/on modulation. It is expected that the nozzle blowout phi will be reduced by 33% compared to previously demonstrated lean blowout. This will allow the nozzle phi at full power conditions to be reduced by 33%, resulting in a potential 35-fold reduction in NOx. An existing simplex-piloted airblast LDI fuel nozzle will be employed, and the pilot fuel flow will be pulsed off/on at a frequency (to be determined) between 200-1000 Hz in order to anchor the flame within a 5 msec recirculation zone. Since half of the time the fuel will be twice the average fuelflow, the nozzle blowout phi can be theoretically halved. A magnetic fuel actuator proposed by our selected small business subcontractor, Fluid Jet Associates, will be used to pulse the pilot fuel and parametrically vary the frequency and amplitude. Prototype LDI hardware will be fabricated using CFDRC?s past experience and CFD analysis. Experimental tests will then be run at atmospheric pressure and idle inlet air temperatures to show the overall feasibility of improving lean blowout and maintaining low CO levels at idle. In Phase II, single nozzle flametube rig testing will be performed at NASA LeRC to determine CO and NOx emissions at various operating conditions, and to assess fuel pulsation strategies for active control of thermoacoustic oscillations at lean, takeoff conditions. To fully demonstrate the design, engine-quality fuel modulators and LDI nozzles will be fabricated and tested in a full annular combustor at an engine company (e.g. GEAE).
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The fuel modulator and fuel pulsing LDI nozzle developed in this SBIR have the potential of significantly reducing NOx emissions in gas turbine engines, both aero and industrial versions. Gas turbine engine manufacturers (e.g. General Electric and AlliedSignal) have expressed interest in the concept. The rights to fabricate the nozzle will be sold to a fuel nozzle vendor in exchange for a royalty fee for every production nozzle.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dan Nickolaus
CFD Research Corporation
215 Wynn Drive
Huntsville , AL 35805
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
CFD Research Corporation
215 Wynn Dr.
Huntsville , AL 35805
PROJECT TITLE: An Integrated Tool for Launch Vehicle Base-Heating Analysis
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
An innovative integrated design tool using unstructured grid method with solution-adaptation and parallel computing strategy is proposed to predict the base heating and plume radiation. The CFD flow field with solution-adaptation and viscous/turbulence effects will be used for the heat transfer and fluid flow analyses. The proposed unstructured grid method can import grids from computer aided design (CAD) geometry and will simplify the grid generation and grid adaptation procedures for the numerical simulation of flow field around complicated geometries. Computational efficiency will be highly enhanced through parallel computing using multiple CPUs or network computers. Test cases of fluid flow and radiative heat transfer problems under limited conditions will be investigated in the Phase I effort. Complex three-dimensional analysis, the solution-adaptation procedure and user friendly graphics interface will be fully integrated with CAD systems in the Phase II proposal. The basic study and development of the proposed unstructured grid CFD method will enhance the cost effectiveness of the design and evaluation of fluid flow and heat transfer processes for launch vehicles.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed integrated tool will significantly benefit the areas in which complex radiative heat transfer processes and fluid flow are involved. The technology to be developed in this SBIR project will be very useful in commercial applications for the design and analysis of advanced launch vehicle and propulsion systems. The other immediate applications can be found in the evaluation of the performance of gas turbine combustor, automobile combustion engine and industrial furnace etc.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Huan-Min Shang
Engineering Sciences, Inc
1900 Golf Rd, Suite D
Huntsville , AL 35802
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Engineering Sciences, Inc.
1900 Golf Road, Suite D
Huntsville , AL 35802
PROJECT TITLE: A Thermally Integrated Structure Using Aerogel and Innovative Manufacturing
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
A scheme for combining the space vehicle functions of cryogenic storage,cryogenic insulation, structure and thermal protection (TPS) in a thermally integrated structure, ThIS, will be investigated. The scheme uses aerogels for TPS and insulation and an innovative cryogenic tank/structure manufacturing process. Aerogels are very light-weight and have extremely low conductivities making them highly desirable for future space vehicles. The innovative technique of using thermally sprayed metals on polyurethane molds to form cryogenic tank/structure; then melting the mold out of the resultant assembly offers savings in cost and weight. To optimize the concept, Phase I will address the following: 1) the best form and curing process for the aerogel, 2) the need for aerogel reinforcing, and 3) the choice of an outer layer to be applied to the aerogel to make it impervious to moisture and other environmental conditions. During Phase I thermal and structural tests will be performed on small, sample configurations. Manufacturing techniques will also be examined to assure feasibility. Phase I will determine the feasibility of the proposed ThIS concept and provide a comprehensive plan for more elaborate development and testing in Phase II. Manufactured versions of the ThIS concept have great potential for Phase III commercialization.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Light-weight, relatively inexpensive, extremely effective structure forfuture expendable and reusable space vehicles.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Richard E. Somers
Qualis Corporation
3225 Bob Wallace Ave., Suite C
Huntsville , AL 35805-4068
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Qualis Corporation
3225 Bob Wallace Ave., Suite C
Huntsville , AL 35805-4068
PROJECT TITLE: Pulsed Inductive Plasma Source Development for Advanced Propulsion Systems
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
We propose to develop an empirical model for design of inductively generated plasma sources which operate in the presence of background magnetic fields. No such model exists for inductive breakdown in magnetic fields, though scaling rules have been developed for electrostatic breakdown between electrodes, and breakdown using radio-frequency fields. Plasma generation in the presence of a background magnetic field enables the background and plasma source magnetic fields to be used to control the location and movement of the plasma. Inductively generated plasma sources eliminate electrode contamination and wear, which are key lifetime considerations. Electrodeless (inductive) operation and the ability to generate plasma in a magnetic field are fundamental to several advanced propulsion schemes, from simple acceleration of a plasma in a magnetic nozzle, to propulsion based on magnetic fusion. Industrial applications for inductively generated plasma sources include an ion beam surface treatment process currently being commercialized. We propose to develop a model for the design of inductively generated plasma sources, to build and test an experimental plasma source (5cm diameter plasma slug, 1 kG background field, 10E16 cm(-3)density, 4 eV), to compare its performance with the model's predictions, and to refine the model.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Three applications of particular interest to APP are electric (plasma) thrusters for satellite station keeping and interplanetary spacecraft propulsion, pulsed plasmas used as ion sources for surface treatment of materials, and plasma sputter etch systems used extensively in the manufacture of semiconductors.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Steven C. Glidden
Applied Pulsed Power, Inc.
Box 1020, 207 Langmuir Lab
Ithaca , NY 14850-1257
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Applied Pulsed Power, Inc.
Box 1020, 207 Langmuir Lab
Ithaca , NY 14850-1257
PROJECT TITLE: A Breakthrough Fusion Power unit for Space Applications
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Experiments to prove the feasibility of developing a D-He3 fusion power plant for space applications (both station/site keeping and propulsion) are proposed. Prior conceptual studies by various groups have concluded that the high power-weight ratio of the IEC makes it one of the most attractive power units for space application. Due to breakthrough physics associated with potential structure formation in the IEC plasma core, scaling up in fusion energy gain appears possible without a significant increase in size beyond present laboratory experiments. Thus a "fast tract" physics proof-of-principle scale-up is feasible. Pulsed operation will be employed to obtain high peak currents such that the plasma physics can be studies during the pulse, minimizing power supply and other technogical requirements. The proposed Phase I unit would be designed to achieve an energy gain (fusion energy out/energy in) during a pulse of 10-4 . This would provide a physics demonstration of the concept and the design basis for the Phase II Q=1 (during a pulse) experiment. If successful, these two experiments would justify the R&D funding needed to develop the technology (high rep rate power supply, active grid cooling, energy extraction/conversion) necessary for a Phase III demonstration D-He3 fusion power unit.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The high specific power D-He3 IEC fusion unit represents a most attractive power supply for a variety of space applications, ranging from station keeping to landing site power and, in a modified version, deep space propulsion. Commercial involvement would range from system engineering of overall units to supplying individual components. In addition, a number of spin-off commercial applications appear feasible for intermediate scale units providing intense neutron or proton fluxes, including medical uses such as isotope production, tomography, and radiation therapy. Indeed, smaller IEC units are already in commercial use for portable neutron sources for neutron activation analysis, and higher neutron intensities could extend this to luggage inspection and industrial neutron tomography.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Jon Nadler
NPL Associates
912 W. Armory St.
Champaign , IL 61821
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
NPL Associates
912 W. Armory St.
Champaign , IL 61821
PROJECT TITLE: Gamma Absorption Techniques for Converting Induced Gamma Emission from Meta-stable Nuclear Isomers into Heat, Electricity and Momentum for Space Propulsion Applications
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
NASA is faced with the challenge of bringing long range space flight into the realm of economic viability. The Marshall Space Flight Center's expertise has been tapped to evaluate and develop advanced, even exotic, propulsion technologies for the visionary missions of the future. In response to NASA SBIR Topic 04.02 for Advanced/Exotic Propulsion System Technologies, SRS proposes in Phase I to evaluate and define testing for Phase II that will use energy pre-stored in nuclear meta-stable isomers and released by induced gamma emission (IGE) as a propulsive energy source. This concept has been termed Hot Isomeric Transitions (HIT). HIT relies on standard models in nuclear physics, but does not involve nuclear reactions. No fission or fusion is involved. In Phase I SRS will determine the energy conversion characteristics of gamma energy emitted by isomer sources and define surrogate testing approaches that can mimic the gamma emission from isomers to allow a fast track to testing of propulsion concepts while separate research continues in parallel outside this SBIR to achieve meaningfully significant amounts of induced gamma emission of energy stored in isomer materials. Also direct conversion of gamma emission by lasing as a photon momentum drive system will be investigated.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Include space propulsion systems; defense warhead for lethality against biological agents and other threats such as high explosives, chemical agents and nuclear warheads; medical irradiation source for in situ treatment of cancers; sterilization of medical wastes and instruments; food preparation area sterilization; food preservation treatments; industrial radiography; extra-solar space communication system; high energy probe for instrumentation in nuclear physics; high energy material characterization instrumentation.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Hillary E. Roberts
SRS Technologies
500 Discovery Drive
Huntsville , AL 35806
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
SRS Technologies
500 Discovery Drive
Huntsville , AL 35806
PROJECT TITLE: Variable Reluctance Motor Drive for Spacecraft Electric Auxiliary Power
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
An electric auxiliary power unit (APU) forms an attractive, more flexible alternative to the present hydrazine APU on today's spacecraft. With no impact to spacecraft structure, and with substantial system simplification and significant weight reduction, an electric APU meets NASA's mandates for the creation of aerospace and commercial partnerships and can provide considerable cost, safety, operational and technological benefits. The choice of an appropriate motor drive for driving the hydrazine pump is constrained by weight and electromagnetic interference considerations, and today's technological advancements offer a number of options. In this Phase I program, a variable reluctance motor drive is proposed that will form a higher power density, lower cost, simpler alternative to the hydrazine APU, without sacrificing safety and system reliability. By incorporating the latest and on-going commercial developments in motor and power electronics technologies, the proposed drive can allow for the deletion of individual power assist elements with no impact to overall system weight. The Phase I work will provide the final design and drawings for the drive, configured for direct deployment in an electric APU. Under a Phase II program, SatCon will assemble the motor drive and perform all tests necessary to ensure that the new system meets NASA specifications and the Phase I performance predictions.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The research proposed here has direct commercial application in a number of cost-sensitive electric motor markets, such as electric and hybrid vehicles, aerospace, and the utility power markets, where safety, performance, reliability and cost are the primary needs and product drivers.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Mary Tolikas, Ph.D.
SatCon Technology Corporation
161 First Street
Cambridge , MA 02142-1221
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
SatCon Technology Corporation
161 First Street
Cambridge , MA 02142-1221
PROJECT TITLE: Mars In-Situ Based Rocket Propulsion Using Methanol
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Methanol (CH3OH) can be produced from the Marian atmosphere with little difficulty. This fact makes methanol an attractive propulsion fuel option for Mars exploration missions. Using methanol as a rocket propulsion fuel also addresses key issues in current state-of-the-art hydrocarbon cooled rocket engines, such as coking, environmental compatibility and ground processing operations, from exhaust product and safety standpoints, respectively. Coking is a major problem that limits the op-eration and performance of such systems. Methanol can be decomposed endothermically, in the presence of a catalyst, into carbon monoxide and hydrogen, absorbing a great deal of enthalpy in the process. It can also absorb more enthalpy for a given temperature change than hydrogen, making it a superior coolant. A methanol fuel rocket system can use the test and operational infrastructure that are currently in place to support current hydrocarbon fueled engine systems. Additionally, it is likely that no exotic, advanced technologies will be required to develop low-cost, modest perform-ance methanol fuel rocket engine systems. Use of this low-cost propulsion system technology should provide significant improvement in life cycle cost, reliability, and safety of future space sys-tems, as well as make both manned and unmanned Mars exploration missions, attractive, realistic cost options.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
There are three major commerical applications that can be identified for a methanol engine. The low freezing point of methanol makes it a promising candidate for a space storable upper stage. Such a stage would be capable not only of restarting, like the Centaur upper stage, but also of operating for extended periods of time in interplanetary space, which the Centaur cannot. Methanol's perform-ance and density make it superior in system performance when compared with other upper stage fuels as well, such as solid propellants and hydrazine. Replacement of the Shuttle's Orbital Maneu-vering System (OMS), as well as booster and maneuvering engines for expendable and future reusable launch systems, are other potential applications. Improved cooling for annular aerospike engines is also a possibility. Finally, there is a concept for a unique type of space transportation ve-hicle called a propellant transfer spaceplane, which gets one propellant from the ground and transfers the other from a subsonic tanker. For nearly every propellant combination of interest, the mixture ratio favors the oxidizer, requiring the development of aerial oxidizer transfer technology and the use of a dedicated tanker aircraft. If a liquid oxygen/methanol engine is used, it may be operated at a mixture ratio of 1:1 with the loss of only a few seconds of performance. This offers the prospect of being able to transfer the fuel instead of the oxidizer, removing the need for a dedicated aircraft and requiring no new technology development.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dennis G. Pelaccio
Pioneer Astronautics
445 Union Blvd., Suite 125
Lakewood , CO 80228
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Pioneer Astronautics
445 Union Blvd., Suite 125
Lakewood , CO 80228
PROJECT TITLE: Thin-Film Fresnel Reflectors with Preformed Inflatable Support Structures
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Off-axis Fresnel reflector design methodologies and manufacturing processes will be developed to provide the capability to produce large area flat thin polyimide reflectors which can be attached to precision preformed polyimide film support structures. The design methodologies will be used to determine optimal Fresnel reflector segment configurations that facilitate the assembly of complete reflectors that have the desired concentration ratios and focuses. Segment forming mandrels will be used to quantify and verify polyimide material processing parameters. Different approaches for application of highly reflective film coatings and segment joining will be evaluated to determine their efficacy for operational-scale reflector fabrication. Methods will be demonstrated for attachment of the complete reflector film to preformed inflatable torus-strut support structures that are rigidizable in-space with foam.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
This work will lead to manufacturing processes and design procedures to meet user needs for low-cost, operationally simple, long-life inflatable solar concentrators for solar orbit transfer vehicles, electrical power gereration, and high temperature materials processing in space. Other reflector applications are large antennas, microwave concentrators, and next generation space telescopes.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Rodney Bradford
United Apllied Technologies, Inc.
11506 Gilleland Road SE
Huntsville , AL 35803
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
United Applied Technologies, Inc.
11506 Gilleland Road
Huntsville , AL 35803
PROJECT TITLE: Highly Conductive, Thermooptical Black or White, Highly Adherent, Outgassing Free, UV, Atomic Oxygen and Abrasion Resistant, Space Tether Coatings
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This proposed program will demonstrate feasibility of a cost-effective, rapid, new, radiation & atomic oxygen (AO) resistant white or highly conductive thermooptical black cationic coating technology for protecting high strength organic (PBO, PE etc.) or metallic (Aluminum, etc.) space tethers fibers from the severe low earth orbit space environment. Currently considered atomic oxygen resistant phosphine oxide arylene ether backbone containing thermoplastic candidate polymers in braided fibrous or solvent based coating forms are plagued with weight penalty, space off-gassing and tether fiber adhesion problems. These are inherent problems for high molecular weight thermoplastic polymers processed form environmentally unfriendly solvent based coatings. An innovative cationically cured polymer, known from LDEF experiments for it?s minimal degradation during severe AO attack and low off gassing, has been newly formulated as a flexible and highly adherent solventless coating for organic and metallic tether fibers. Adhesion and offgassing problem prone solvents are not used in this cationic homopolymerization technique since monomer viscosity is very low. Recent tests show 66-75% more weight loss for TOR coating vs. AEROPLAS AOUV coating yet AEROPLAS coatings saw 20-40% more AO Fluence. Organic fibers coated with this new system also provide outstanding UV and wear resistance.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed process is cost effective (does away with the costs associated with toxic solvent removal and is far more advanced and robust than the prior cationic cure systems); rapid (minutes versus hours to cure); environmentally friendly; is a low even sub-ambient temperature process (for less molded in thermal stresses); is less expensive and less complicated; is amenable to large cable scale up with inexpensive tooling. The impact of the proposed concept is tremendous and can revolutionize the wire and cable protective coating industry. The rapid coating cure technology will find immediate application in Infrastructural, Automotive, Electronic, Aerospace and other industries where very long and complicated cable coating runs are required.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
THOMAS C. WALTON
AEROPLAS CORPORATION INTERNATIONAL
265B Proctor Hill Road
Hollis , NH 03049
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
AEROPLAS CORPORATION INTERNATIONAL
265B Proctor Hill Road
HOLLIS , NH 03049-6427
PROJECT TITLE: SEMA-Based Motor for Electric Auxiliary Power Unit
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
There is a need to update the Space Shuttle?s Auxiliary Power Unit (APU), which provides hydraulic pressure to the vehicle?s flight control surfaces. A new high-power-density motor technology, developed by Visual Computing Systems Corporation (VCS) and commercialized by Lynx Motion Technology Corporation (Lynx), will be able to provide the power of the present hydrazine powered APU efficiently and with less weight and cost than with conventional motor technologies. In addition, the new electric APU (EAPU) system will be more reusable, more reliable, and will reduce turn-around time and cost between flights. In the proposed Phase I SBIR effort, the VCS development team, working with Lynx and with support from Boeing North American, will design, construct and test a proof-of-concept, high-speed motor based on commercial Lynx motor products. This will be used to demonstrate the viability of the motor technology. Additional modeling and analyses will be employed to develop a plan for a Phase II motor design, optimized for the EAPU application.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed research could be used to significantly improve the performance of numerous military and commercial systems, including: starting motors and alternators for turbine engines, flywheel motor/alternators, vehicle traction motors for electric cars, buses, trains and earth-moving equipment, surface and underwater propulsion motors, and general-purpose industrial high-power motors.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Roy L. Kessinger Jr.
President, Visual Computing Systems Corporation
9540 Highway 150/ P.O. Box 250
Greenville , IN 47124-0250
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Visual Computing Systems Corporation
Box 250, 9540 Hwy 150
Greenville , IN 47124-0250
PROJECT TITLE: Thermal control of electrodynamic tethers through surface texturing
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Electrodynamic conductive tethers combined with electrical power sources have the potential to provide propellant-less reboost or deorbit forces to spacecraft in low Earth orbit. Tether performance is limited by heating, which decreases strength and increases resistivity, lowering electrodynamic efficiency. Electrodynamic tethers in space are heated both ohmically and by absorption of radiation from the Sun and Earth, while radiation is the only cooling mechanism. To minimize tether temperature it is desirable to minimize the absorptivity/emissivity ratio, i.e. to reflect insolation and earthshine while radiating efficiently at low temperature. Ion Optics proposes to accomplish this with ion-beam texturing, a blackening process which increases emissivity by carving micron-sized features into the wire surface. Size and spacing of the features can be controlled to provide a relatively sharp transition from shiny at short wavelengths to black at long wavelengths. Tailoring their surfaces to increase long wavelength emissivity from less than 0.1 to greater than 0.9 would allow aluminum tethers to handle three times the power at the same operating temperature and mass. The resulting lighter, more efficient tethers mean dramatic cost savings for NASA?s International Space Station reboost and space debris reduction programs.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Textured surfaces already have commercial applications; they play a key role in Ion Optics' line of pulsIR infrared sources, extensively used in gas sensing instruments. Texturing has also been suggested as a means to a new class of infrared detectors, to improved electrolytic battery electrodes and better pacemaker tips, prosthetic devices treated for more rapid ingrowth, passive thermal control materials for commercial spacecraft, and perhaps ultimately to miniature gas detection systems built entirely on a silicon chip. The major potential commercial space application is textured tethers for the Terminator Tether spacecraft deorbit systems of Tethers Unlimited, Inc., a Phase I partner on this proposal.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Edward A. Johnson
Ion Optics
411 Waverley Oaks Road, Suite 144
Waltham , MA 02452
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Ion Optics, Inc.
411 Waverley Oaks Rd. Suite 144
Waltham , MA 02452
PROJECT TITLE: Design-Based Developments for Pump Cavitation Control
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This project offers a design-oriented developmental approach to improve fundamental knowledge and design techniques for high-performance, cavitating inducers. It is built upon an innovative approach to inducer design using bowed blading, sweep, and incidence, plus cover treatment concepts. On a step-by-step basis, this investigation deals with tradeoffs between blade shape, hence loading, and cavitation. It deals with blade design parameters such as solidity, leading edge shape (sweep), cant angle, tip speed, and clearance plus thickness effects. These parameters will be independently investigated in the laboratory with steady and dynamic measurements plus flow visualization. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is evaluated for modeling both non-cavitating and cavitating performance in an effort to more clearly understand this design problem. An advanced inducer is designed and tested in Phase I with low NPSH implying a suction specific speed of 65,000 to above 85,000 with an inducer flow coefficient of over 0.10. Tests will be conducted on CETI's magnetic bearing rig to collect force data. Measured results will be compared to the fundamental modeling. Overcoming current turbopump design thresholds due to cavitation, and related instabilities, is a critical path item for advanced propulsion technologies.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Improved design methods for cavitating inducers will be of immediate use to aerospace and industrial pumping companies. Information learned will be introduced into CETI's design software system used by industrial and rocket engine turbopump manufacturers. Our "Centrifugal Pump Design and Performance" course material will be updated based upon project results. The ability to optimize suction performance will allow increases in rotational speed. This will lead to smaller, less costly, more reliable turbopumps and industrial pumps.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. David Japikse
Concepts ETI, Inc.
4 Billings Farm Road
White River Junction , VT 05001
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Concepts ETI, Inc.
4 Billings Farm Road
White River Junction , VT 05001
PROJECT TITLE: Development of ZrC/Cf Composites for Low-Cost, Lightweight Engine Components
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The goal of this program is to develop a low cost, flexible manufacturing method for the production of Cf reinforced composites to meet the performance objectives of future NASA aerospace propulsion systems. The matrix material selected for demonstration of the technology will be ZrC, a material with good oxidation and ablation resistance within the temperature range of 2200 to 3500°C. The program will focus on an innovative method for fabricating ZrC/Cf composites based on melt spinning of thermoplastic/ceramic powder blends. This process, called Continuous Composite Co-extrusion, incorporates Cf into the extrusion process in order to fabricate ?in-situ? ZrC/Cf composites. The fiber will impart the necessary thermal shock resistance and toughness that ZrC lacks as a monolithic ceramic. The process technique will be widely applicable to a large number on material systems such as TaC, HfB2, ZrB2, and HfN. Phase I success will allow future iterations to optimize the composition and fiber volume fraction of the composite for specific applications.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The development of a low cost, high temperature, flaw-tolerant material will have far reaching implications in heat engine systems and other energy conservation systems. The material has potential applications in injectors, combustors, hot gas ducts, erosion throats, uncooled nozzles, exhaust flaps, propulsion engine bodies, radiant burners, as well as hot-section components for power generation systems.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Mark Rigali
Advanced Ceramics Research
3292 E. Hemisphere Loop
Tucson , AZ 85706
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Advanced Ceramics Research
3292 E. Hemisphere Loop
Tucson , AZ 85706
PROJECT TITLE: Thick-Section, Lightweight CVI Silicon Carbide Matrix Composite Components via Reactive Joining
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Performance enhancement of next generation rocket propulsion systems can be achieved through the incorporation of components fabricated from high temperature, high specific strength materials, such as continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). Design and fabrication of many key propulsion components from CMCs which require thick-section and/or complex geometries has been limited by current manufacturing technologies. Successful implementation of the proposed processing technique will enable the fabrication of thick-section (>1") and/or complex geometry components from high fiber volume, continuous fiber-reinforced CMCs. The objective of this Phase I program is to develop and characterize a reaction-formed silicon carbide (SiC) joint between SiC-based CMC sections. The resultant bond joint is expected to have strength, temperature, lifetime and environmental durability characteristics comparable to the CVI SiC matrix material. Once the feasibility of the joining technique is established, multiple joints will be used to fabricate a bulk, thick-section (nominally 1"-2" thick) part for delivery to NASA for possible NDE and spin testing. The joining parameters will be further optimized in the Phase II program concentrating on the fabrication of full-scale, complex component geometries.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The successful implementation of the proposed technology will enhance the design of SiC-based materials in a majority of current applications, and will enable their use in applications which are currently manufacturing limited. Increased manufacturing capabilities include fabrication of complex-shape, thick-section, large scale components; the joining of lower cost simple geometry components to create complex geometries; and the repair of existing components. These attributes have wide ranging applications in all of the industries which require one, or a combination of, the following material properties for their components; low density, high strength, high temperature, wear resistance, low thermal expansion, nonvolatile, corrosion resistant/environmentally durable, and low observable. These industries include aerospace, energy, electronics, nuclear, transportation, chemical/petrochemical and the pulp and paper industry. Specific thick-section components include turbine wheels and impellers for gas turbine engines, liquid propulsion rocket engines, slurry and other pumps with aggressive operating environments. Applications for joining include manifolds; manifold assemblies; tube to tube joining for ducting, turbine wheel/shaft assemblies, and space truss structures and platforms.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Charlene F. Rusnak
Hyper-Therm High-Temperature Composites, Inc.
18411 Gothard Street, Unit B
Huntington Beach , CA 92648
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Hyper-Therm High-Temperature Composites
18411 Gothard Street Units B&C
Huntington Beach , CA 92648-1208
PROJECT TITLE: Very High Speed Video and Data Transmission Techniques
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
NASA has unique data collection requirements to support ground-based testing of rocket engines. Not only is the rapid collection of data important, but the transmission of this information to processing facilities is critical. By combining new electrical interface standards with high speed fiber optic technology, generic transmission systems can be designed which would be capable of transferring data collection samples and video images at speeds approaching 1Gbps using existing fiber optic infrastructures. This system will allow NASA to better utilize digital sampling and encoding techniques, reducing their dependency on antiquated analog processing and transmission methodologies. This should improve their determination of rocket engine status in a more efficient manner.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The outcome of this project will result in transferable technology to the private sector regarding high speed (1 Gbps and beyond) systems for both data acquisition and high definition video channels transmitted over fiber optic cables. Units can be produced for interface into existing hardware through a common electrical standard.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Kim D. Jovanovich, MS, P.E.
Omni Technologies, Inc.
450 31st St. Suite A
Kenner , LA 70065-4102
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Omni Technologies, Inc.
450 31st St. Suite A
Kenner , LA 70065-4102
PROJECT TITLE: A NON-INTRUSIVE OPTICAL FLUID QUALITY SENSOR
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This proposal describes a novel optical fluid quality sensor (OFQS) and the objectives to produce a prototype sensor for in-line use in a cryogenic test facility. The OFQS is non-intrusive and capable of instantaneous indication of the presence of two phase flow. In addition, the fully developed sensor will be capable of determining relative concentrations of several different fluids and/or gases which may be present. Response time of the sensor will be capable of monitoring flow rates in excess of 17,000 gpm in cryogenic rocket engine test facilities. During Phase I a proof-of-concept experiment will be performed to validate the basic principle of operation. The results of phase I will feed directly into the development of a working prototype sensor to be developed in Phase II.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed OFQS will find applications in many government, civilian and military test stand facilities where fluid phase and quality are a concern. In addition, the sensor could be used anywhere that fluid clarity or relative concentrations of different fluids need to be monitored such as in the medical or beverage industry.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
John F Justak
JUSTAK Research & Development, Inc.
P.O. Box 442
Stuart , FL 34995
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
JUSTAK Research & Development, Inc.
P.O. Box 442
Stuart , FL 34995
PROJECT TITLE: Ultraspectral Imaging for Propulsion System Health Monitoring
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Kestrel Corporation proposes a new technology that generates spatially distributed wavenumber resolution spectral signature fingerprints that allow rocket ignition deviations from nominal to be noted in time to abort a launch or prevent initiation of auxiliary functions. The concept uses the rocket?s exhaust as a source of performance and health data that has not previously been fully exploited. In this Phase I SBIR, we will demonstrate that a new tech-nology called Ultra Spectral Imaging (USI) can be used as a sensor to observe the mid wave infrared (MWIR) to long wave infrared (LWIR) spectral and spatial time varying flow of a liquid rocket engine and that these data can be processed to create a non intrusive rocket health and performance monitoring system. The proposed technique takes advantage of the presence of a predictable time and spatially varying MWIR to LWIR molecular spectra associated with a rocket ignition process. These data, created by the purges, film cooling flows, and fuel-oxidizer flows, have uniquely definable time dependent and spatially distributed spectral features. By using a spatially modulated Fourier transform USI, a spatial map of these signature can be created in real time for comparison to a predicted distribution. Unique to this approach is the wave number spectral resolution available in a USI and the real time data processing required to rapidly assess the exhaust flow.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed optical diagnostic system has use in NASA, military, and commercial launches as well as application to the more general field of combustion diagnostics.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Leonard John Otten, III
Kestrel Corporation
6624 Gulton Court, NE
Albuquerque , NM 87109
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Kestrel Corporation
6624 Gulton Court, NE
Albuquerque , NM 87109
PROJECT TITLE: Auto-Coupler System for Engine Test Stands
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
AJT proposes to develop an innovative, automated propellant auto-coupler system, which would be applicable for propulsion ground test facilities. Our approach is similar to the Russian auto-coupler methodologies of simple, rugged and reliable approach. The concept is a scaleable (0.5 to 12" diameter) system which incorporates the coupler, compliance device, motion mechanism, purging elements and all necessary sensors, valves and control mechanism. The auto-coupler system will reduce the time and costs of engine test stand operations. Our recent experience in the design engineering of the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) launch facilities at Cape Canaveral Air Station provided an in-depth experience in the design and implementation of cryogenic control and delivery systems for next generation propulsion systems. The methods developed should help to reduce required labor and associated costs for testing and launch facilities.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
A number of commercial applications exist for auto-coupler tasks including: commercial aircraft refueling, refueling of alternate fuel vehicles (liquefied natural gas, liquid hydrogen, etc.). We are pursuing commercial implementation of this system for EELV RD-180 rocket engine test stands. There a number of other engine test stands which could benefit from this system as well. This process can also be used for new launch vehicles and facilities.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Tracey Post, P.E.
AJT & Associates, Inc.
8910 Astronaut Blvd.
Cape Canaveral , FL 32920
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
AJT & Associates, Inc.
8910 Astronaut Blvd.
Cape Canaveral , FL 32920
PROJECT TITLE: A Vent Control for Optimizing Airbag Performance
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The program will develop a control mechanism to install in airbag vents. The device will help alleviate problems with air bag systems. The control valve mechanism will conserve gas as well as regulate the pressure in the airbag. As a result, gas generators can be made smaller without compromising protection in severe crashes. Even more important, the energy absorbing efficiency of the airbag will be substantially improved. Air bag size can then be reduced 50% without a loss in crash protection capability. This reduced size will prevent many airbag induced injuries otherwise inflicted on out of position occupants. For those occupants still exposed to airbag induced injury, the vent valve can be designed to quickly release gas and thereby minimize injury. Deployment velocity can also be lower without compromising system performamce in severe crashes. The vent control will be compatible with other new air bag technologies, including advanced inflators and occupant sensors.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed application, for general aviation aircraft, is a commercial application. A very similar product can also be marketed in the automotive industry. The news media has high lighted airbag induced occupant injuries in automobile accidents for some time. Ready markets exist for products that can contribute to the reduction of the frequency and severity of these injuries. A product which also allows the use of smaller air bags and gas generators with out any loss of protection in severe crashes will be very easy to market worldwide.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Richard E. Zimmermann
Zerad Inc.
425 East Greenway Drive
Tempe , AZ 85282-6938
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Zerad Inc.
425 East Greenway Drive
Tempe , AZ 85282-6938
PROJECT TITLE: Advanced Low Cost Airframe Construction Techniques
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Mod Works proposes to construct major airframe components using modern aluminum manufacturing process (MAM). The objective will be to reduce the cost of manufacturing while maintaining better surface quality. Major reduction in cost and labor requirements will be obtained with the automated manufacturing opportunity. Spot welding/bonding will replace conventional riveting techniques. This technology is being tested in the automobile industry with a high degree of success. James Grizwald our lead designer will apply 45 years of industry experience to the development of this technol-ogy. Success with this program will result in a major cost reduction for GA aircraft manufacturing. The chal-lenges include labor reduction, surface tolerance improvement and competitive value comparison to composite parts development. The potential to construct complex , low cost aluminum parts will expand the conventional uses of aluminum. Automated manufacturing will allow computer designed to be transitioned to parts accurately. This will allow designers to use aluminum for a wider verity of components.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Successful development of this technology will be certified by the FAA for use by Mod Works. Parts such as the cowling will be sold for retrofit or forward fit on new aircraft. Provided the parts produced are cost effective larger scope programs will be performed by Mod Works.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Tim Coons
Mod Works
8250 Skylane Way
Punta Gorda , FL 33982
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Mod Works
8250 Skylane Way
Punta Gorda , FL 33982
PROJECT TITLE: Universal Aviation Data Service (UADS)
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The Universal Aviation Data Service (UADS) innovation is to make rich, but non-critical information services an FAA-certified (Level D) reality for price-sensitive small airplane travelers. UADS looks beyond today?s aviation infrastructure and data-link standardization efforts toward imminent ubiquitous satellite and other data communications systems. UADS will uniquely leverage and integrate emerging robust, nation-wide, high-volume wireless personal communications infrastructure to allow small airplane travelers to remotely and efficiently access airport and other facilities that are not essential for flight, but that enhance their travel experience and safety. Information will be accessible from home, office, car, airport, or cockpit. UADS provides a common-mode of access that links small airplanes to commercial air and ground transportation services (train, limo, rental car), while satisfying the communications and human-factors needs of small-airplane users. To date GA revitalization efforts have aptly focussed upon reducing the cost and complexity of flying itself. UADS takes another step toward addressing the bottom-line transportation utility of small airplanes; it appeals to the business, personal, safety, and convenience needs of travelers. It stimulates GA revitalization by providing intuitive communications products that address the fundamental portal-to-portal transportation goals of pilots and passengers.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The UADS Gateway/Server and SmartBrowser developed under Phases I and II of this project will provide the key components of a Universal Aviation Data Service (UADS) that can be offered to small airplane travelers ? pilots and passengers - on a subscription basis to encourage the transportation experience and augment safety.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Ed Jones
Seagull Technology, Inc.
16400 Lark Avenue
Los Gatos , CA 95032-2547
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Seagull Technology, Inc.
16400 Lark Avenue
Los Gatos , CA 95032-2547
PROJECT TITLE: Low Cost Design & Manufacturing of GA Cockpit Displays using Projection LCDs
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
A major barrier for the advancement of cockpit systems lies in the display technology. Vision Micro Design, Inc. (VmD) proposes to favorably impact this cost through application of low cost projection LCD techniques. The innovation lies in manufacturing cost reductions and increased performance by utilizing high volume COTS displays and redundantly projecting them onto an easily modifiable projection screen. The result should be a cockpit display system usable by any PFD or MFD manufacturer. VmD will design a ?proof of concept? projected LCD display unit in Phase I and evaluate the feasibility through cost analysis and performance by flight testing. The goal is to complete a functioning ?proof of concept? unit and analysis of cost v.s. performance report. VmD has market demand for this innovation. No such process exits today in the GA market.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Commercialization for the projected graphic display will include all applications which need a low cost color graphic display. The specific aviation markets include: Primary Flight Displays (PFD); Multifunction Displays (MFD); Navigational Moving Map Displays; Engine Monitoring and Advisory Displays. Avionics information and control displays; Aircraft situational monitoring displays. The display technology will be marketed to all manufacturers of equipment in need of this type of display on an OEM basis.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Lance G. Turk
Vision Micro Design Inc.
4071 Hannegan Road Suite T
Bellingham , WA 98226
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Vision Micro Design Inc.
4071 Hannegan Road Suite T
Bellingham , WA 98226
PROJECT TITLE: Catalytic Ignition System
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The catalytic ignition (CI) system will benefit NASA's General Aviation Propulsion Plan. With no moving parts, the CI or "SmartPlug" replaces magnetos, high tension leads and plugs and represents revolutionary rather than evolutionary component innovation. The core technology is a pre-heated catalyst on a ceramic rod mounted in a small pre-combustion chamber. Heating of the catalyst is accomplished by an embedded DC heater. The SmartPlug consists of a hollow metallic threaded body with flame nozzles and prechamber which installs in replacement of spark plugs. The replaceable catalytic heating element initiates combustion and controls timing. Compression ignition is induced by timed catalytic reduction of the pre-chamber's activation energy producing almost instantaneous combustion in the pre-chamber. Multiple high velocity torches (flames) propagate toward the center of the cylinder. This combines the best features of Otto and Diesel cycles creating a more complete combustion than possible with spark, hot surface or straight combustion ignition. The CI is the only ignition which can selectively ionize fuel and oxygen prior to gaseous combustion. These reactions not only lead to more complete combustion (allowing ultra-lean burn) but also provide in-cylinder reduction of NOx. Once combustion is initiated, self-sustaining operation is possible without outside energy input.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
This Phase I Proposal places significant emphasis on the prospects for rapid commercialization of the SmartPlug. Immediate (following Phase II) commercial entry into the Experimental Aircraft (EAA) market is anticipated. Joint Venture or Licensing Agreements will be sought during Phase II which will assure the financial requirements of FAA Certification. The finalization of ignitor design and manufacturing techniques during Phase II will open other very significant markets. In addition to the cost savings and other benefits listed above, the SmartPlug has demonstrated the ability to allow operation of small utility 2 and 4 stroke engines on JP Fuel. The U.S. Military (DOD) has a major requirement for high altitude UAVs, heavy fuel capable small engines and similar niche markets where the SmartPlug will be of great benefit. Major companies in the marine, utility engine and power generation industries have already expressed interest in the SmartPlug. NASA's SBIR participation with ATI will greatly accelerate the development and commercialization of the product and directly benefit NASA's general aviation initiatives.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Mark A. Cherry
Aqualytic Technologies
1926 Industrial Dr
Sandpoint , ID 83864
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Aqualytic Technologies
1926 Industrial Dr
Sandpoint , ID 83864
PROJECT TITLE: A Novel Rotary Diesel Engine for General Aviation Aircrraft
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The proposed project is the design and production of a novel rotary diesel engine for General Aviation aircraft using the patented Rand-CamTM fluid compression cycle. The innovation is the design of a light weight (1.0 lb./hp), highly fuel efficient (<0.30 lb./hp-hr), multi-fuel, low-noise/low-vibration engine which will reduce aircraft manufacturing costs, improve light aircraft performance, reduce fuel consumption, reduce engine noise and exhaust emissions. Phase I will evaluate a 125 BHP Rand Cam diesel engine, which has been developed as a stationary power unit, to determine the operating characteristics of the engine in typical airplane missions. Phase I effort will also include the preliminary design of a 225 BHP class engine, to be fabricated and tested in Phase II, to assure the suitability of the engine for GA aircraft missions. The proposed project is consistent with the objectives of Subtopic 05.02 to effect dramatic reductions in light aircraft engine acquisition and life cycle costs; operate on multi-grade fuels, reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emissions; reduce community and cabin noise, increase aircraft performance, safety, and reliability; and increase passenger comfort. The project is also consistent with the goals of the NASA General Aviation Propulsion Program (GAP) and the NASA Small Airplane Transportation System (SATS).
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The direct commercial potential for the proposed project is the manufacture and sale of:· A general aviation airplane incorporating the proposed diesel rotary engine technology. · Production and sale of rotary diesel engines to other light aircraft manufacturers. · Production & sale of rotary diesel engines to other users such as marine & auxiliary power units. Global Aircraft Corporation is currently certifying its GT-3 Trainer airplane under FAA Part 23 Regulations. The Company is in the process of starting production of a revolutionary new composite propeller that has been developed under the NASA SBIR Program. The Company currently has available funding to construct the initial production facility by November 1998. Global has adequate financial reserves in the current credit facility to finance production of the Rand Cam rotary diesel aircraft engine to be developed and FAA certified in Phase II. Assuming the goals of the Phase I and Phase II Projects are achieved, Global Aircraft will team with an existing engine manufacturer to FAA certificate, produce, and market the rotary diesel engine to both domestic and international aviation markets. Several engine manufacturers have indicated an interest in producing the engine when it is proven technically feasible. A recent market survey by the Company indicates that the potential marine market for such an engine is ten times larger than the aviation market. This market does not require the expensive costs of FAA certification and offers a lower cost start-up market for the engine. The lower start-up costs and increased production volume for the marine market will greatly benefit the aviation market by lowering production cost and spreading development and manufacturing tooling costs over a substantially larger market volume.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Michael R. Smith
Global Aircraft Corporation
P.O. Box 850
Starkville , MS 39760
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Global Aicraft Corporation
P.O. Box 850
Starkville , MS 39760
PROJECT TITLE: Compression Ignition Engine for Light Aircraft
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This proposal is for the construction and preliminary testing of a simple crankcase scavenged, high speed, compression ignition, two-stroke engine which has a cylinder displacement suitable for a six cylinder engine of approximately 80 horsepower, primarily for light aircraft application. The high speed capability would result from a compact, high capacity crankpin bearing configuration which enables high crankcase compression, and a very simple, low pressure, self-injection and combustion system which has already shown itself capable of very high rotational speeds. It is anticipated that this configuration will combine the best features of crankcase scavenged two-stroke engines, namely, lowest cost, highest power to weight ratio, and simplicity, with the best features of compression ignition, namely, excellent fuel economy, greatly reduced fire hazard, and reduced impact on the environment because of the elimination of the need for leaded fuels.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
It is estimated that the potential annual worldwide markets for this engine are as follows:Light Aircraft - 15,000 units per year Portable fire pumps - 10,000 to 100,000 units per year Unmanned Air Vehicles - 100 to 1000 units per year
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Edward J. Morgan
SIETEC Corporation
763 Martin Ave.
Fond du Lac , WI 54935
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
SIETEC Corporation
763 Martin Ave.
Fond du Lac , WI 54935
PROJECT TITLE: A Lifetime Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP) and Model Deformation Imaging System
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The development of a commercially viable, pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) lifetime imaging system that incorporates model deformation is proposed. Phase I focuses on performing a feasibility and optimization study and demonstrates a prototype system. Phase II will further develop this state-of-the-art, lifetime PSP/deformation imaging system and demonstrate its capabilities in a wind tunnel. The significance of such a commercial system is that it has the potential to replace conventional pressure-tap measurement systems and it also combines two measurement techniques into one. Thus, the proposed instrument can significantly outperform current PSP image-based intensity measurement systems, both in terms of data quality and wind tunnel productivity. The approach is innovative in its application of solid-state CCD gating technology and the combination of PSP and photogrammetric model deformation measurements. The system may be applied to the design of advanced aircraft, rotorcraft, automobiles, and structures. Its use would provide detailed quantitative aerodynamic-loads distribution information, significantly reducing design cycle time and cost.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Given the ability of PSP to provide a continuous surface pressure map, it has the potential to usurp conventional pressure-tap systems and significantly reduce design-cycle time and costs. The proposed system would provide detailed quantitative aerodynamic-loads and deformation distributions. The system would be applicable to the design of advanced aircraft, rotorcraft, automobiles, and structures. Commercial systems are currently limited to intensity measurements using scientific-grade cameras. However, the accuracy attainable with these systems is often inadequate and their productivity is sub-optimal. The fact that commercial systems are available, in spite of the relative immaturity of PSP technology, suggests that a sizable commercial market does indeed exist. Indeed, a preliminary market survey indicates a strong desire for a commercial PSP system, particularly in small-scale laboratories. Significant interest was also expressed by the automotive (including high-performance race teams) and architectural industries. Furthermore, historical parallels between the development of PSP systems and other successful commercially available fluid-dynamic measurement systems (namely CTA, LDV, and PIV), combined with the prevalence of surface pressure measurements, suggest a bright future for the proposed system.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Louis N. Cattafesta III
High Technology Corporation
28 Research Drive
Hampton , VA 23666
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
High Technology Corporation
28 Research Drive
Hampton , VA 23666
PROJECT TITLE: Simultaneous Multi Point Velocity, Density and Temperature Measurements using Laser Induced Thermal Acoustics (LITA)
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Laser-induced thermal acoustics (LITA) is a nonintrusive, transient-grating optical technique that provides simultaneous high-accuracy measurements of sound-speed/temperature and velocity (0.02% is readily achieved) and thermal diffusivity and density (~1%), among other parameters. We are engineering a computer-controlled semi-portable LITA system for robust, long-baseline (0.5 to 2 m) measurements. This novel system automatically adjusts beam-pointing mirrors using misalignment information extracted from signals in real time. In Phase I, we propose to incorporate LITA velocimetry into this system, revise the system design to increase the measurement rate to >100 Hz, and implement measurements that simultaneously resolve fluid and flow properties along a line. In Phase II, we will fully implement these extended capabilities and will pursue burst-mode acquisitions for measurement rates up to 1 MHz to accommodate demanding dynamic experiments. We have made accurate LITA measurements in gases under one-tenth atmospheric density to well over 100 times atmospheric density, in sprays, in strong, compressible turbulence, and in luminous and particle-laden flows. Our LITA system will feature self-alignment and self-calibration to prevent delayed experiments and lost data while lightening operator load and improving measurement accuracy. Providing velocimetry and dramatically increased measurement rates, the proposed system will be ideal for high-value ground-test experiments.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Because LITA is the first non-intrusive flow diagnostic that can be used to measure instantaneous thermodynamic state and velocity simultaneously at a point in an unseeded flow, it may replace combinations of other diagnostic tools such as laser Doppler velocimetry. Additionally, LITA provides accurate measurements over a wide range of conditions including high-pressure and reacting flows, making it a valuable technique for combustor and chemical reactor test and development. Because of its automatic alignment, calibration, and data analysis, the high-measurement-rate LITA-based instrument we propose will open new markets for unattended process monitoring.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Thomas H. Sobota
Advanced Projects Research, Incorporated
1925 McKinley Avenue, Suite B
La Verne , CA 91750
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Advanced Projects Research, Incorporated
1925 McKinley Avenue, Suite B
La Verne , CA 91750
PROJECT TITLE: High Accuracy Fiber-Optic Sensor Model Force Balance System for Wind Tunnels
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
In this SBIR Phase I program, MicroPhotonics, Inc. proposes to develop a model force balance system that utilizes fiber optic sensors to provide accurate and reliable measurement of aerodynamics loads for use in both conventional and cryogenic wind tunnels. The goal is to develop a system that has an accuracy of at least 0.01% of full-scale (FS) load that is insensitive to temperature gradients. The proposed technical approach is based on newly developed fiber sensor technologies - "Self Calibrated Interferometric/Intensity-Based (SCIIB) Fiber Sensors" and "Absolute Displacement Fiber Optic Sensor (ADFOS)" both of which have full scale accuracies greater than 0.01% (greater than 0.001% FS for the ADFOS) In this program, MicroPhotonics, Inc. will collaborate with Dr. Roger Simpson of the Aerospace Department, and with the Fiber & Electro-Optics Research Center (FEORC) at Virginia Tech, where the SCIIB sensor technology was initiated and developed. The successful completion of this SBIR Phase I program will lead to clear demonstration of the technical feasibility of the proposed fiber-optic sensor based model force measurement system, and place a solid basis for Phase II work to develop the demonstrated technologies to the level where commercial products are viable.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed fiber sensor balance system can be applied to loadcells which would be especially attractive in a wide range of harsh environment applications, where conventional loadcells are difficult to use. Among many such applications include: 1) extreme temperature environments, 2) high radiation, and 3) high EMI areas. These combined advantages would allow to change the situation of sever lack of information in many harsh environment industrial processes. The knowledge gained during this program would also be applicable to the development of sensors for measurement in petroleum wells and reservoirs where currently no reliable sensors are available, but such measurements are crucial for efficient and economical oil recovery.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Kevin A. Shinpaugh
MicroPhotonics
415 Chestnut Avenue
New Castle , VA 24127-9519
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
MicroPhotonics, Inc
P.O. Box 11434
Blacksburg , VA 24062-1434
PROJECT TITLE: Wireless Autonomous Sensor Package (WASP)
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
A need exists for small devices that can measure various aerodynamic pressures associated with airfoils in flight. The device should be useful in wind tunnel testing as well as flight testing. In addition, the device should have the following characteristics: (1) a low profile to minimize interference with the airflow/airfoil relationships being measured; (2) autonomous, meaning a self-powered device with its own transducer that communicates its data wirelessly; (3) non-intrusive, which is defined as a bonded attachment to an airfoil; and (4) subsequent removal without shape or structural changes to the airfoil. Invocon, Inc. proposes a to develop a Wireless Autonomous Sensor Package (WASP) with these characteristics. This package is unique due to the integration of low power electronics, power scavenging capabilities, "stick on" installation, low profile, and integrated wireless communications - all within a height profile of 0.1 inches. Further innovation is involved with the spectral and temporal modulation used to wirelessly transmit data from the device to a remote data recording and transmission location. The use of such a device would reduce the cost of test equipment setup and installation. Flight test cost reductions result in lower cost aircraft with a shorter time to market.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The commercial driver for the WASP hardware must come from reduced maintenance costs. These reductions in maintenance costs would be from reduced number of inspections, faster inspections, replacement of parts when stress service life is reached instead of part replacement on a time schedule, constant analysis of structural trend data that would detect even the smallest of changes in airframe health, and constant verification of design and repair changes to airframes. All these and numerous other maintenance advantages will combine to drastically alter the maintenance costs on commercial aircraft thereby resulting in higher profits for the air carriers. This increase in the bottom line profits will stimulate investment and thus support the introduction of a variety of on-board sensors and data acquisition systems. This sensor package could be beneficial to any application involving the measurement of aerodynamic forces. In addition to the commercial and military aviation markets, automotive manufacturers, the shipping industry and the aerospace industry have a number of remote sensing applications and requirements that could integrate the advantages of remote MEMS sensing. Maintenance and development costs could be significantly reduced with the reduction in the need for wire interconnect.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Steven Schram
INVOCON, INC.
19221 IH 45 South, Suite 530
Conroe , TX 77385
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
INVOCON, INC.
19221 I-45 South, Suite 530
Conroe , TX 77385
PROJECT TITLE: Global Nonlinear Stability, Identification and Control Toolbox for Unsteady Aerodynamic and Aeroservoelastic Models
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Future flight vehicles are expected to achieve high performance by actively controlling unsteady aerodynamic and nonlinear aeroservoelastic (NL-ASE) phenomena. At present, the fundamental mechanisms that contribute to unsteady flow phenomena and nonlinear effects are not well understood, and there is a great need for developing design methods which address dynamic nonlinearities. In this Phase~I project, we propose to develop a nonlinear stability, system Identification and control software toolbox for investigating nonlinear unsteady aerodynamic and ASE effects. Our approach will make use of Bifurcation and Chaos Theory Methodology (BACTM). BACTM is used to develop bifurcation diagrams which contain all the information needed to detect phenomena such as Hopf bifurcations to limit cycles, and determine changes in stability as functions of system parameters. Proposed work involves: (1) selection of indicial function aerodynamic models and nonlinear Benchmark Active Control Technology (BACT) system model, (2) global nonlinear anlysis of unsteady aerodynamic, NL-ASE models and falling leaf maneuver, (3) development of active control strategies, (4) development of nonlinear analysis software, (5) reporting. The software will allow the user to load differential equations of motion, compute bifurcations and visualize nonlinear behavior. Our primary areas for software demonstration will be unsteady aerodynamics and NL-ASE.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Aircraft dynamics, jet engines and combustion control represent very large markets for commercialization of these technologies. BACTM-related software products have direct applications in fluid mechanics, heat transfer, phase transitions, chemical instabilities, compressor stall, biology and communications. A nonlinear system identification, stability and control design toolbox is expected to have a very wide range of applications.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Ravi K. Prasanth
Scientific Systems Company, Inc.
500 W. Cummings Park, Suite 3000
Woburn , MA 01801
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Scientific Systems Company, Inc.
500 W. Cummings Park Suite 3000
Woburn , MA 01801-6503
PROJECT TITLE: A Nonlinear Volterra Kernel Identification System for Aeroelastic Applications
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Nielsen Engineering & Research (NEAR) is proposing to develop an innovative Volterra kernel identification tool suitable for aeroelastic analysis from wind-tunnel or flight test data. Aeroelastic studies play a critical role in aircraft safety and design and, to accelerate the design process and reduce life cycle costs, nonlinear aerodynamic effects must be considered from the onset. The Volterra theory of nonlinear systems provides a mathematically rigorous approximation technique to describe these unsteady aerodynamic effects. A critical problem, however, is the difficulty of identifying the Volterra kernels. The proposed innovation is a time-domain Volterra kernel identification method which uses physically realizable inputs, is robust with respect to noise, and minimizes or eliminates the need for analytical assumptions. During the Phase I program, NEAR will implement the second-order version of the method and demonstrate its accuracy, robustness, and extendibility to higher-order kernels. Successful completion of the Phase I objectives will lead, in Phase II, to the development of an operational Volterra series identification and prediction tool. The resulting technology will provide a rational means of simulating nonlinear aerodynamic behavior in multidisciplinary analyses and will facilitate the incorporation of high fidelity tools into the preliminary design phase of aerospace vehicles.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed nonlinear identification system provides a unique capability that will extend the usefulness of wind-tunnel and flight test data by producing compact, reduced order models of unsteady nonlinear aerodynamic effects in aeroelastic analyses. The formulation of reduced order models in aeroelasticity is important for several reasons: (1) cost reduction and speed up of preliminary design cycles, (2) understanding of nonlinear behavior and elimination of later "surprises," and (3) real-time aeroservoelastic control applications. In addition, the market for efficient aeroelastic analysis tools in the next few years is expected to become significant because: (a) aeroelastic analyses are needed for every aerospace vehicle (aircraft, missile, or reusable launch vehicle), (b) as a consequence of aircraft modifications and expanded/changing missions, aging aircraft fleets throughout the world will require not one, but multiple aeroelastic analyses over time, and (c) small and mid-size companies will, increasingly, be required to perform such analyses on a routine basis for aircraft retrofits. These facts (necessity of aeroelastic analyses, multiplicity of such analyses over time, and anticipated "decentralization") all converge towards the establishment of a sizeable market for efficient analysis tools, of which NEAR's offering is a good example.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Patrick H. Reisenthel
Nielsen Engineering & Research, Inc.
526 Clyde Avenue
Mountain View , CA 94043-2212
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Nielsen Engineering & Research, Inc.
526 Clyde Avenue
Mountain View , CA 94043-2212
PROJECT TITLE: A Computational Tool for Rotor Design
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Increased use of helicopters in the civilian sector combined with interests in tilt rotor technology have identified a unique need for a computational tool capable of providing the many iterative solutions required to reach design closure in a timely manner. In the industrial setup, a computational tool is successful only if turnaround time can be reduced to a level where design cycles can be conducted within schedule and cost. This research proposes such a tool based on unstructured Cartesian grid. A finite-volume based numerical solver is proposed for solving vortex dominated flowfield of a rotor. The flowfield is modeled by the steady incompressible Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations discretized on unstructured Cartesian mesh. The rotor is modeled by a line of three-dimensional momentum sources. This project embodies important simplifications ensuring simplicity and efficiency. Unstructured Cartesian mesh allows refinement of grid only where necessary without compromising the advantages of structured Cartesian system. The resulting rotor simulation package will have the advantages necessary for industrial use. Phase I will concentrate on developing unstructured Cartesian solver for rotor applications with local refinements and acts as a proof of concept. For Phase II, inclusion of aircraft bodies will be emphasized.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The software developed under this initiative will find wide usage in the U.S. helicopter industries and aircraft industries in general. If the technique is found to be effective for aerodynamic load calculations of the rotor and body, its usefulness can be extended to rotor acoustics in future initiatives. In Phase III, the comprehensive aerodynamic prediction design tool will be wrapped with a Graphical User Interface with pre- and post-processing capabilities and will be licensed to the industry.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Sutikno Wirogo
Sukra Helitek Inc.
3146 Greenwood Road
Ames , IA 50014-4504
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Sukra Helitek Inc.
3146 Greenwood Road
Ames , IA 50014-4504
PROJECT TITLE: Rapid Prediction of Total Rotor Flows Including Stall and Body Effects Using Sparse Grid CFD Techniques
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The design and analysis of modern rotorcraft requires computational tools capable oftreating extremely complex aerodynamic problems. These include strong induced flow effects, interactions of the rotor and its wake system, transonic flow, flow reversal, flow separation on retreating rotors, and dynamic stall. Also, the interaction of the rotor wake and other components, such as the fuselage, tail rotor, and wing (for tilt-rotors), are significant. A number of techniques currently exist for computing complete rotorcraft aerodynamic flow fields. These range from comprehensive codes with fast but simplified aerodynamic modelling to full overset-grid Navier-Stokes methods. All have significant drawbacks either associated with inaccuracy or inefficiency. Flow Analysis, Inc. (FAI) has developed several accurate, efficient, and very unique CFD methods for treating rotor systems or bodies. The Vorticity Embedding method has been shown to be the only CFD-based method capable of providing three-dimensional, compressible flows with diffusion-free wakes. The Vorticity Confinement method has been demonstrated to significantly reduce the diffusion problem in Euler/Navier-Stokes methods and for providing efficient rotor body solutions. The current proposal involves the refinement of FAI methods for the modelling of dynamic stall and body flow predictions. The ultimate goal is the coupling of all of these methods. This approach will result in a computational tool that will enable the most efficient and accurate prediction of rotor flows that encompasses the entire spectrum of associated aerodynamic phenomena.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The design/analysis system that will result from the proposed research will enablerotorcraft companies to design more efficient, less costly rotorcraft. Further extensions, in Phase III, should provide a tool that will allow the U.S. aviation industry to be more competitive.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Marvin A. Moulton
Flow Analysis, Inc.
M.S. T19A
Moffett Field , CA 94035-1000
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Flow Analysis, Inc.
256 93rd Street
Brooklyn , NY 11209-6806
PROJECT TITLE: Blade Mounted Devices for Tiltrotor Performance Enhancement and Noise Reduction
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Enhancing performance and reducing noise generated by civil tiltrotor aircraft are central issues in the long-term success and acceptance of this breakthrough aeronautical technology. Attempts to formulate practical design, active control, or flight management strategies to overcome the penalties and compromises that constrain conventional tiltrotor designs have so far met with limited success. The proposed effort will build on recent insights into blade-mounted actuator design and helicopter noise mitigation, and will assess the potential of in-flight modification of tiltrotor blades for reducing the strong acoustic output of tiltrotors while also enhancing aircraft performance. The proposed control strategy will tailor blade loading and wake structure in key flight conditions and is projected to achieve dramatic payload or range increases and noise mitigation without prohibitive penalties in complexity. Tradeoffs will be studied of particular control strategies (direct twist change vs. deployable surfaces) and actuation methods (conventional vs. smart structures). Rapid and accurate assessment of potential configurations will be enabled by the use of well-validated software, and a spinoff benefit will be early implementation of advanced higher order aerodynamic design tools for this and related anlayses. The chief goal will be to enable demonstration of promising hardware at model scale in Phase II.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
This performance enhancement and noise control technology would have direct application to mitigating the design compromises that currently limit the performance and acceptability of civil tiltrotor aircraft. Viable control mechanisms for noise mitigation and performance improvement would address some of the industry's most important design challenges.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Todd R. Quackenbush
Continuum Dynamics, Inc.
P.O. Box 3073
Princeton , NJ 08543-3073
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Continuum Dynamics, Inc.
P.O. Box 3073
Princeton , NJ 08543-3073
PROJECT TITLE: High-Lift Transition Prediction Module
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
It is now widely-accepted that the knowledge of boundary-layer transition onset is crucial for the prediction of aerodynamic performance of high-lift systems using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods. Currently, no CFD code has a built-in reliable transition prediction capability which forces designers to rely on the wind tunnel data to fix transition in the CFD computations. There are two problems with this approach. First, transition onset data are not available for all the conditions on all airfoil elements. Second, and more importantly, wind tunnel results do not scale to flight due to the environmental effects on transition. This prevents CFD computations from accurately determining the performance of new high-lift devices under flight conditions. A fast high-lift transition prediction module, which could be plugged into various CFD codes, is in dire need. The proposed project is aimed at fulfilling this need. A physics-based transition prediction module will be developed which could be easily incorporated in existing CFD codes for designing multi-element airfoils and for optimizing high-lift devices. The proposed module, after phase I research and phase II development, will be suitable for production CFD codes.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
This physics-based, transition prediction module will be employed in all CFD codes used to design high-lift systems for subsonic aircraft as well as High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT). In fact, this module will be of use in all aerodynamic designs, not just high-lift systems.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Ray-Sing Lin
High Technology Corporation
28 Research Drive
Hampton , VA 23666
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
High Technology Corporation
28 Research Drive
Hampton , VA 23666
PROJECT TITLE: Aircraft Drag Reduction by Vortex Control
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
A comprehensive program involving water tunnel testing, Navier-Stokes computer code analysis, transonic wind tunnel testing and system integration studies is proposed to reduce the drag levels caused by the first generation design of the forebody/pilots cab drag levels on 727/737 and 707 aircraft now in service. The Phase I program will demonstrate by testing and analysis the complex flow phenomena causing the problem and will investigate by the water tunnel test some unique add-on type modifications designed to modify the vortex flow and thereby reduce the drag levels. Phase II will continue the water tunnel testing, the computer code analysis and will include a large scale model transonic wind tunnel test to demonstrate by accurate force balance measurements cost-effective modifications with the desired drag reductions. System integration and marketing studies will also be conducted in Phase II. The implementation of the drag-reducing modifications to these aircraft will have a substantial fuel-savings benefit and will reduce the noise levels in the pilot?s cab improving the pilot?s comfort.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The successful Phase I and Phase II programs will have a direct application to over 6000 aircraft now flying in the world. The control and mitigation of the vortex flows will reduce the forebody/pilot's cab drag levels resulting in over 100 million dollars saved by reduced fuel costs for the 727/737, and 707 (KC135, E3) aircraft.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
John T. Kutney, Sr.
KCS-COS-INC
110 Wentworth Ave
Cincinnati , OH 45215
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
KCS-COS-INC
110 Wentworth Ave
Cincinnati , OH 45215
PROJECT TITLE: Query-based Post-processing and Visualization of Complex CFD Data Using Extracts and Feature Detection
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Large-scale, 3D simulations of complex configurations using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are becoming increasingly common in the design of aircraft, aerospace vehicles and propulsion systems. Researchers are faced with the daunting task of interpreting these data sets to understand complex flow phenomena and make design decisions. Current methods use visualization to present images of the flow results to the human visual system for interpretation. There are two drawbacks to this approach: (a) the researcher is forced to use low-level tools (like color-mapped planes or streamlines) to attempt to detect subtle features like stagnation regions and (b) visualization is usually an indirect method and does not allow the researcher to simply ask for what he or she wants to know. A typical query might be: Where, if at all, do any strong shocks impinge upon the airframe? The offeror proposes herein to create an intelligent, query-based software system that combines feature detection tools with culling, searching and comparison operations to answer questions and automatically create meaningful visualizations of the query results. Adding such a capability to any visualization environment will greatly increase the speed at which large viscous flow computations can be interpreted, communicated and therefore, understood.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Post-processing of large scale CFD data from aerospace, automotive and chemical processing industries. Enhancement of optimization software environments.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Michael D. Schechterman
JMSI, Inc. dba Intelligent Light
1099 Wall St. West Suite 387
Lyndhurst , NJ 07071
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
JMSI, Inc. dba Intelligent Light
1099 Wall St. West Suite 387
Lyndhurst , NJ 07071
PROJECT TITLE: A Genetic Programming System for Evolving Chemical Kinetics Models
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Evolution Enterprises has developed a patent-pending system for genetic programming based on a concise, powerful set of operators which are particularly suitable for evolving programs for mathematical modeling. This system is a genetic programming system which is both simple and fast. This proposal describes the Phase I application of Evolution?s Automatic Program Generator (APG?) to create a mathematical model of chemical kinetics for propulsion reactions. In Phase I a prototype for a parallel architecture will be developed by using a Local Area Network to distribute processing across machines. In Phase II a finished version will be developed and a hardware design will be created to implement it in flexible logic componens or even a custom chip. This product will allow NASA to quickly determine which reactions are worth more detailed analysis. The system has many other applications which are of interest to NASA including the characterization of new materials both on earth and in a microgravity environment, automating spacecraft maneuvers, on-board planning, scheduling and resource allocation, and evolving hardware designs on demand.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The first and closest commercial application of the APG is in chemical process control modeling. From there Evolution plans to diversify to such markets aerospace engineering, simulation, robotics and other industries where intelligent control technology is particularly useful. For such real-time applications a parallel version of the APG is absolutely necessary.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
William P. Worzel
Evolution Enterprises Inc
214 West Main St
Milan , MI 48160
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Evolution Enterprises Inc
214 West Main St
Milan , MI 48160
PROJECT TITLE: Active Flow Control on Rotor Blades to Improve Compressor Stability
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Technology in Blacksburg, Inc. proposes to improve gas turbine compressor stability and reduce losses by employing flow control on the rotor blades. The suction-side boundary layer on the rotor blade will be bled off, the air will be re-energized using a MEMS-based micropump embedded within the blade. The air will then be used for trailing edge blowing from the rotor. Boundary layer separation, which occurs on the suction surface at off-design conditions, produces a larger blade wake and can contribute to aerodynamic losses. For a highly-loaded stage, this flow separation can also influence stall margin and aeromechanical interactions between stages. The team at Techsburg has a great deal of experience with flow control in gas turbine engines. Techsburg is currently carrying out a Phase I SBIR (from Wright Lab) where boundary layer suction and trailing edge blowing are being used to prevent flow separation and reduce losses for high-turning stators. This proposal extends the concept to the rotor. In Phase I, aerodynamic measurements will be taken in a low-speed axial compressor. Work in Phase II and Phase III will involve testing in a high-speed fan rig, possibly at NASA Lewis or Allied Signal. This technology could result in increased efficiency and stability, along with reduced noise and aeromechanical interactions.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Following Phase II, Techsburg will license the technology to an engine manufacturer. We will then work closely with the engine maker to field test and commercialize an integrated boundary layer suction/wake-filling system. The commercial product of this program will be an integrated package (wireless control system and MEMS devices) to improve the efficiency, stall margin, aeroacoustics, and high-cycle fatigue of gas turbine engines. The primary customer will be an engine manufacturer. Engine manufacturers will, in turn, market their engines (with this technology) to airplane manufacturers and the military. Cost of ownership and durability are major goals in the Integrated High Performance Turbine Engine Technology (IHPTET) initiative, and this technology addresses both areas. This technology has applications for land-based and marine gas turbines as well as aircraft engines. Flow control could also be adapted and used to reduce the noise of many types of rotating machinery, such as air blowers in HVAC systems. Flow control could also be used to build quieter submarines. Stabilizers immediately upstream of the propeller create flow distortion that generates noise due to interactions with the propeller. With this program, NASA has the opportunity to develop technology that has applications in a wide range of fields.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Thomas Leitch
Technology in Blacksburg, Inc.
1004 Doe Run Drive
Blacksburg , VA 24060
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Technology in Blacksburg, Inc.
1004 Doe Run Drive
Blacksburg , VA 24060
PROJECT TITLE: Augmenting a Commercial Spreadsheet to Support Design, Analysis, and Optimization
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The use of software has substantially supplanted hand calculations in engineering. This has undeniably improved accuracy, completeness, and efficiency, but the reliance on software may cause the unwary engineer to lose a sense of which input parameters and assumptions drive the important outputs of the calculation. This lack of knowledge hampers optimization efforts and may hide errors. Perturbation techniques have been developed to alleviate these problems in large codes. These techniques allow the rapid calculation of the change in selected outputs of a model with respect to the input parameters. Another use is to identify the most important parts of a model. Many if not most typical engineering problems are addressed, not with large codes, but with spreadsheets. Creare proposes to develop an "add-in" to a commercial spreadsheet that will automatically apply these techniques to the model with no additional effort required by the user. This will foster a deeper understanding of the model and will improve the effectiveness of optimization efforts. Given the widespread popularity of spreadsheets for design and analysis, the development of the spreadsheet add-in offers substantial and immediate benefits for NASA and other engineering organizations.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Spreadsheets are ubiquitous at NASA, NASA contractors, and in the commercial world in general. Engineers and other users of spreadsheets will benefit from increased understanding of the robustness of their models and of the sensitivity of the key outputs to changes in input parameters and assumptions.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Marc A. Kenton
Creare Incorporated
P.O. Box 71, Etna Road
Hanover , NH 03755-0071
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Creare Incorporated
P.O. Box 71, Etna Road
Hanover , NH 03755-0071
PROJECT TITLE: Next Generation Preliminary Design Technology
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Designing 21st century civil and military aircraft for minimum development and life cycle costs, and maximum performance requires aerodynamic models for a new generation of preliminary design tools. These models will enable efficient multi-point optimization early in the design cycle - including the incorporation of high risk/high payoff technologies into new vehicles - while complementing the capabilities of current high end CFD methods. These new capabilities can be realized by incorporating a novel zonal approach to airframe flow modeling tailored for use in design optimization software. This approach builds on the coupling of two innovations in aerodynamic modeling: an efficient potential flow solver built on fast panel methods for unstructured surface meshes; and a novel method for modeling of transonic flow over 3D wing/bodies, using simplified analytical and numerical far field descriptions to achieve dramatic reductions in mesh generation and convergence time, and providing fast generation of sensitivity derivatives for design optimization. Integration of this zonal airframe flow solver within a state of the art optimization system will lead to a major reduction in design evaluation times while providing analysts with an expanded-envelope modeling tool to enhance the physical fidelity available in the preliminary design process for future aircraft configurations.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The design tools proposed here have direct application to commercial aircraft design, which would experience an equal or greater benefit from the application of this technology. Collaboration with industry designers and third party software suppliers will ensure rapid transition to civil jet and turboprop transport design applications.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
William J. Usab
Continuum Dynamics, Inc.
P.O. Box 3073
Princeton , NJ 08543-3073
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Continuum Dynamics, Inc.
P.O. Box 3073
Princeton , NJ 08543-3073
PROJECT TITLE: Very Large Scale Structural Optimization
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The objective here is to develop the technology to efficiently solve structural optimization problems with very large numbers of design variables and constraints. Present numerical optimization algorithms, which are highly efficient and reliable, require storage of sensitivity information for large numbers of responses. Also, the direction finding problem requires solution of a large sub-problem, often requiring significant computational resources. To overcome these limitations, the effort proposed here will be devoted to 1) developing one or more algorithms which do not require storing large amounts of sensitivity information in central memory or using "spill logic" to store and manipulate this information and 2) developing algorithms that do not require solution of a large and time consuming sub-problem to find a search direction. Once candidate algorithms are identified, a prototype computer program will be created to study the proposed algorithm(s). The GENESIS program from VMA Engineering will be used as a test program to generate design problems with many thousands of design variables and constraints. The goal is to create and market commercial software that allows the engineer to solve structural optimization problems on the order of tens of thousands of design variables and constraints.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Commercial applications are immediately insured by adding this technology to existing structural optimization software such as GENESIS. This will allow engineers to consider much larger numbers of design variables than are now possible for conventional structures such as aircraft wings and fuselages. Also, this will be directly applicable to topology optimization with general nonlinear constriants.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Garret N. Vanderplaats
Vanderplaats Research & Development, Inc.
1767 S. 8th Street, Suite 210
Colorado Springs , CO 80906
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Vanderplaats Research & Development, Inc
1767 S. 8th Street, Stite M210
Colorado Springs , CO 80906
PROJECT TITLE: Development and Commercialization of a Finite Element Multidisciplinary Engineering Analysis Capability
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This proposal is concerned with the enhancement and commercialization of a finite element based aero-structural-controls-propulsion modeling and simulation software developed by the company by partial funding from NASA DFRC. The Engineering Computations (EC) version of the code, currently widely used at DFRC in support of a number of practical projects, needs to be further developed for wider use of the code by a potentially larger number of users.The goal of this project is to develop seamless interface of the EC-STARS program to solid modeling tools such as IDEAS, PRO-E and CATIA codes among others. Additionally, an optimizer code will also be attached to the STARS program to effect optimization of a structural design pertaining to an aerospace vehicle. The EC has made considerable investment of its own during the last eighteen months in maintaining, enhancing and commercializing the code. Primarily thruogh this effort, the code is being disseminated to a number of organizations. Much more effort is needed in this connection and this proposal details out a broad agenda to that effect, in line with our past and the current effort. With such proposed technical enhancements and an effective commercialization program it is expected that the EC-STARS program will emerge as the leader in this important technical discipline.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
An automated advanced computer-aided design and analysis software package will be the end product of this task, capable of effective modeling and simulation of advanced aerospace vehicles. A strong commercialization effort will also be implimented for very wide distribution of the software.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. S. S. Saghera
Engineering Computations
18814 Rochelle Ave.
Cerritos , CA 90703
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Engineering Computations
18814 Rochelle Avenue
Cerritos , CA 90703
PROJECT TITLE: Stereolithography for Advanced Aeronautical Models
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
A new method of manufacturing ceramic aeronautical models is proposed that promises to shorten the fabrication time from the current 2 - 3 weeks, down to 2 - 5 days. In addition, the process will enable signficant advances in aerothermodynamic testing including models with embedded sensors and adjustable aerogeometry. The process is based on stereolithography, a freeform fabrication approach that is widely used and recognized as providing high accuracy, excellent surface finish and fast build speeds. The innovation is the development of photocurable ceramic slips that are compatible with commercial stereolithography machines. The photocurable slips enable stereolithographic fabrication of green state ceramic models, which can subsequently be debound and sintered - directly analogous to the drying and sintering steps used in the current slip casting approach to ceramic model fabrication. In addition to these benefits, the Phase I effort will explore the feasibility of using alternative ceramic materials that impart higher strength and toughness for more durable ceramic models than the current silica material.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Applications of the proposed capability include fabrication of ceramic aeronautical models, ceramic forms for latex molding, and extractable silica cores for investment casting of complex shape metal components.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Walter Zimbeck
Ceramic Composites, Inc.
1110 Benfield Blvd
Millersville, , MD 21401
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Ceramic Composites, Inc.
1110 Benfield Blvd.
Millersville , MD 21108-3100
PROJECT TITLE: Unified Process Management System for Computational Fluid Dynamics
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The project objective is to create a unified process management system for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes using the NASA flow solver PAB3D as the prototype solver. Initially a basic system will be created to tie together the existing PAB3D system which includes a preprocessor, main solver and a post-processor. The basic system will include tools for intelligently guided grid modification and algorithm selection. In Phase II, guidance will be added to all aspects of the system, in the form of a highly interactive interface that will offer detailed advice on grid quality, solver algorithm choice including parameter settings, and evaluation of key flow features. An innovative feature of the system will be its ability to redistribute and adapt the grid in order to improve the robustness and accuracy of the solution. The final form of the system will fully implement the recently published CFD General Notation System (CGNS) and thus will be able to drive multiple CFD codes easily. This will directly benefit NASA by providing a powerful expert system interface to its many research codes. An additional benefit to NASA will be the encouragement of CFD input/output standardization, since a code developer could obtain a mature expert system for his code by adopting the CGNS standard.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
CFD codes are increasingly being used by small companies, research organizations, educational institutions, and private entrepreneurs. By making CFD tools more robust while also improving the accuracy and providing physical insight to the user, the newly developed system will increase the commercial viability of CFD as useful design tool. Major industries that use CFD codes include aerospace, automotive, bio-medical, electronics packaging, manufacturing, and civil engineering. Computational efficiency is key in producing quality CFD results quickly enough to be of use to commercial design engineers. Often, inexperienced or rushed users will unknowingly pose grossly inefficient problems due to poor grid design and/or algorithm setup. The commercial value of a unified expert system is that its detailed feedback and automatic grid modification capabilities will allow novice users to quickly gain experience in properly posed CFD analysis, while under minimal supervision. Experts will also benefit by the ability to quickly switch between different CFD codes to obtain the best fit for the flow regime under consideration, thus maintaining design cost.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Khaled Abdol-Hamid
Analytical Services & Materials, Inc.
107 Research Drive
Hampton , VA 23693-1340
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Analytical Services & Materials, Inc.
107 Research Drive
Hampton , VA 23666-1340
PROJECT TITLE: Intelligent Simulation Environment for Computation-Intensive Design Processes
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
In this program, HyPerComp, Inc., a small company and a leader in the development of high performance computing software for defense and commercial applications, in strategic alliance with Boeing, a world renowned aerospace company, and with Rockwell Science Center, a shared resource R&D center for Rockwell and Boeing, proposes to develop a comprehensive framework for an operational Intelligent Simulation Environment (ISE)system that would go beyond traditional knowledge bases in that it will make available not only static knowledge (through knowledge capture and mining) but also dynamic knowledge (through on-demand simulations) to the designer/engineer. Some of the modules of the ISE system will include: 1) Master Designer Expert System, 2) Local Expert Controller for CFD Tools, 3) Local Expert Controller for Analytical Tools, 4) Inter-Expert Intelligent Agents, and 5) System Demonstration. Such an information technology-based environment combined with advances being made in unstructured grid-based computational solution algorithms and parallel computing architectures will provide a framework to meet NASA's goals in decreasing the current design cycle time and cost by 50%.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Given a strong "technology pull" and a close working relationship with industry, the small business can develop technology with a virtual guarantee that it will be applied. This relationship exists between HyPerComp, Inc. and Boeing. Boeing needs the technologies proposed under this Phase I (and Phase II) SBIR project. Because Boeing is strongly invested in many major commercial and government projects, the technology can and will be applied. The technology developed during this effort will be applied to the following Boeing programs as needed: Commercial programs such as the design, production, and maintenance of commercial aircraft; Commercial space transportation programs such as Space Shuttle (via the Boeing-Lockheed United Space Alliance), Sea Launch, Expendable Launch Vehicles (ELV), RLV/X-33, and Future X; Government programs including military aircraft such as the F-18, F-22, Joint Strike Fighter (JSF), and the DarkStar; Government space related programs including the Airborne Laser, National Missile Defense System, Kinetic Energy Weapons, the International Space Station, and numerous satellite systems. The primary commercialization appeal of this technology is in building a design system for companies like Boeing interested in participating in the rapidly growing launch vehicle market for satellites.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Vijaya Shankar
HyPerComp, Inc.
31255 Cedar Valley Dr.
Westlake Village , CA 91362
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
HyPerComp, Inc.
31255 Cedar Valley Dr.
Westlake Village , CA 91362
PROJECT TITLE: Parallel Neural Network Computational Tools for Aero-Structural System Analysis and Design
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The SBIR Phase I project is to formulate and assess some innovative parallel neural net (NN) technology-based computational methods for multidisciplinary analysis and design optimization of coupled aerodynamic-structural systems. Both systemwise and disciplinary-wise NN model-based approaches will be used. Also to be formulated and assessed are the following: (i) a new neural biological computational model using the stochastic-type Integral Global/Local Optimization (IGLO) algorithm (developed by the Principal Investigator, PI), which is found to be one to two orders of magnitude more efficient than the Genetic Algorithms) for efficiently training an NN, particularly with discrete design variables; (ii) reduced NN optimization function models for enhancing NN training and optimization computational efficiencies; and (iii) an inverse NN method for directly finding an optimal design variable set as a function of constraint functions. In Phase II, the formulated and validated methodologies will be implemented into a prototype software package, PASAONNS. The use of NN technology in aeroelastic system analysis and design will result in almost instantaneous system response solution and computational speedup of optimization solution process by a factor of nearly one order of magnitude compared with finite element technique-based ones.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The general-purpose, parallel software package, PASAONNS, executable on both serial and parallel computer platforms, such as the IBM SP2 and inexpensive, single or networks of workstation(s) and PC clusters(s), will have great potential for commercial applications in various civilian and military industries (aerospace, automotive, etc.) for rapid preliminary analysis and design optimization.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Rong C. Shieh
Advanced Mechanics Technology, Ltd.
6508 Anna Maria Ct.
McLean , VA 22101
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Advanced Mechanics Technology, Ltd.
6508 Anna Maria Ct.
McLean , VA 22101
PROJECT TITLE: Automated System for CFD Solution Quality Assessment
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Solution quality assessment and diagnosis which reflect the depth of understanding possessed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) experts is required to make efficient use of modern CFD methods. The goal of this work is to develop an automated system which evaluates CFD solution quality and can be used routinely to increase the reliability of CFD in a design environment. The system will consist of algorithms which interrogate the solution and a trainable system based on artificial neural networks which can interpret the algorithmic output and reach expert conclusions. The aerospace industry has enunciated the need for this type of analysis tool, and the proposed work will be performed in collaboration with a large aerospace organization. It is intended that the proposed system could be used to automate tasks which currently require intensive human effort. A long term goal is to develop a system which regulates the CFD process and leads to reliable high-quality results.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed research has significant commercial potential. CFD is becoming widely used in many industries, but solution quality assessment is a labor intensive process that requires significant CFD expertise. The automated quality assessment system will improve the efficiency and reliability with which CFD methods are used in industry.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Robert E. Childs
Nielsen Engineering & Research, Inc.
526 Clyde Avenue
Mountain View , CA 94043-2212
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Nielsen Engineering & Research, Inc.
526 Clyde Avenue
Mountain View , CA 94043-2212
PROJECT TITLE: Raman Imaging Diagnostics for Practical Combustors (7168-550)
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes to develop and demonstrate a Raman imaging system for high-pressure aeropropulsion applications. The primary motivation for this work is to provide instantaneous two-dimensional measurements of species concentrations in practical combustion environments. Raman scattering techniques do not require the introduction of any flow markers and may provide simpler interpretation than other scattering techniques. The proposed Raman imaging system will provide critical information for the design and development of advanced aeropropulsion systems. In the Phase I experiments, PSI will demonstrate Raman imaging in an existing high-pressure gas turbine combustor simulator at PSI. This facility can be easily adapted to accept a range of fuel types and is representative of a general class of problems in high-pressure combustion. An existing flash-lamp-pumped dye laser will be modified to demonstrate both intracavity and extracavity measurement techniques. An existing intensified CCD array camera with a unique multi-wavelength viewer attachment will simultaneously image both fuel and oxygen concentrations. The Phase I experiments will be used to design a deliverable Raman imaging system for a targeted NASA combustion application during the Phase II portion of the program.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed measurement technique and system has application to the development and testing of a wide range of practical combustion systems operating at elevated pressure. These include gas turbines for stationary power generation, advanced low-emissions aeroengines, and advanced propulsion systems such as SCRAMJETs or pulsed detonation engines. Physical Sciences Inc.'s Aerodynamic Measurement Technology Business area was established in 1992 to address this commercial market and has generated several million dollars in sales to date, including custom instrumentation suites, testing services, and consulting.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Jonathan H. Frank
Physical Sciences Inc.
20 New England Business Center
Andover , MA 01810-1077
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Physical Sciences Inc.
20 New England Business Center
Andover , MA 01810-1077
PROJECT TITLE: Single Crystal SiC Pressure Sensor
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Boston MicroSystems Inc. will apply its innovative bulk SiC micromachining processes to fab-ricate, for the first time, under-etched membranes of precise and reproducible thickness leading to the fabrication of pressure sensors with high sensitivity, stability and interchangeability. This project simultaneously satisfies a number of NASA's objectives and requirements under subtopic 06.11 including (a) MEMS based pressure sensors capable of operating under extreme conditions of temperature and gaseous/chemical environments (b) innovations in silicon carbide sensor fab-rication and (c ) compatibility and ready integration with high-temperature SiC based electronics and/or structural ceramics. During Phase I, we will (a) fabricate and evaluate freestanding single crystal SiC pressure sensor membranes, (b) optimize process parameters for fabricating the key elements of the device, (c ) investigate new metallization schemes, and (d) design a prototype SiC pressure sensor suitable for insertion into aeropropulsion systems. The SiC pressure sensor will satisfy the growing need for sensors capable of functioning while mounted in hot engine and air frame surfaces of air and space vehicles, leading to savings in weight, aircraft safety, im-provements in engine performance and control, and provide new test instrumentation capabilities for developing next generation aircraft systems.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
SiC MEMS based devices will satisfy the pressing needs of the aerospace, automotive and proc-ess industries for pressure sensors capable of operating under extreme conditions of temperature and gaseous/chemical environment for use in (a) advanced aeropropulsion control systems (b) combustion monitoring and exhaust pressure measurements and (c ) chemical processing facili-ties. Compatibility and ready integration with high-temperature SiC based electronics provides for substantial savings in cost and weight coupled with improved functionality, of special interest to the aerospace industry.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Richard Mlcak
Boston MicroSystems, Inc.
356 Walnut Street
Wellesley , MA 02181
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Boston MicroSystems, Inc.
356 Walnut Street
Wellesley , MA 02181
PROJECT TITLE: Aluminum Nitride Packages for High-Power, High-Temperature Electronics
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Silicon carbide integrated circuit devices capable of operating up to 1200C are being developed. However, no packages are available for these devices to be integrated into systems. This program will develop a hermetically sealed aluminum nitride ceramic package for silicon carbide devices operating at 500C and beyond. In Phase I, commercially available aluminum nitride substrates will be metallized with a suitable high temperature metallization. Silicon carbide die will be bonded to the metallized substrate via brazing. Die to package interconnection will be done by wire bonding. Test vehicles will be fabricated to evaluate high temperature stability of the substrate metallization, die attach, and wire bonding systems. Electron microscopy and electron spectroscopy will be used to characterize the interfaces between dissimilar components.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The potential commercial applications for high-temperature AlN packages include well logging, automotive electronics (brakes and sensors), aircraft electronics (engine- and skin-mounted sensors), nuclear power systems, high-power electronics, and gas-ion lasers.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Ender Savrun
Sienna Technologies, Inc.
19501 144th Avenue NE, Suite F-500
Woodinville , WA 98072-6426
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Sienna Technologies, Inc.
19501 144th Avenue NE-Suite F-500
Woodinville , WA 98072-6426
PROJECT TITLE: High Temperature Shock-Resistant Catalytic Combustor for Aeropropulsion Engines
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The use of catathermal, or catalytically enhanced (surface-catalyzed), combustion allows combustion systems to operate at improved efficiencies outside conventional air/fuel mixture ratios and at lower combustion temperatures. It can speed the combustion process, increasing heat release rates and allowing complete combustion to occur while minimizing detrimental byproducts such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. An Ultramet ceramic foam substrate, serving as the catalyst support for this technology, yields a catalyst device that not only improves combustion efficiency by at least 2-4% but also prevents flameout during fuel/air ratio fluctuations and minimizes the combustor exit temperature profile which maximizes turbine blade life. In this project, Ultramet proposes to demonstrate the feasibility of a catalytic combustion system constructed around a reticulated ceramic foam substrate coated with a low-cost, environmentally benign mixed metal oxide catalyst system. Subscale combustor performance and emissions will be characterized, and a catalyst/support system will be demonstrated that is structurally and thermally compatible with catalytic combustion systems, has sufficient life, thermal shock resistance, and high temperature capability, and is immune to thermal poisoning effects.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Catalytic combustion systems can reduce pollution and increase combustion efficiency in aerospace applications such as the High-Speed Civil Transport, turbojet/turboshaft engines, tactical missiles, unmanned aerial vehicles, and rotorcraft. Potential commercial uses include domestic heating, natural gas-powered pumps and turboelectric generators, and efficient utilization of low-grade byproduct gases in the petrochemical, metals processing, and waste incineration industries.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Alfred A. Zinn, Ph.D.
Ultramet
12173 Montague Street
Pacoima , CA 91331
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Ultramet
12173 Montague Street
Pacoima , CA 91331
PROJECT TITLE: HEAT EXCHANGER/REACTOR FOR ENDOTHERMIC FUELS USING ZEOLITE CATALYSTS
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Flight speed of hypersonic vehicles is limited because of insufficient cooling capacity in the aircraft fuel. The objective of this program is to create a small, fault-tolerant, catalytic heat exchanger/reactor (CHER) that dramatically increases the heat sink capacity of aircraft fuel. The innovation is an extremely compact heat exchanger core that (1) is coated with zeolite catalyst for cracking blended hydrocarbon fuels, and (2) completely isolates the fuel from the air side of the heat exchanger so that leaks can be detected before the fuel and air can mix. Fuel cracking is strongly endothermic, so the CHER produces a potent chemical heat sink. The compact, fault-tolerant CHER can enable hypersonic flight and boost the efficiency of next-generation turbine engines by enabling high turbine inlet temperatures. The technical objectives of Phase I are to prove the feasibility of the compact, fault-tolerant CHER by (1) demonstrating successful application of zeolite catalysts to prototypical heat exchanger surfaces, and (2) demonstrating fabrication methods for the fault-tolerant heat exchanger core.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The zeolite CHER is compact and lightweight, has low air-side pressure drops, is simple to manufacture, yields improved combustion performance, enables high temperature operation with reduced fuel deposits, and simplifies logistics by using conventional, blended aircraft fuels. Applications include ram air and structural cooling for hypersonic aircraft and turbine vane cooling for next-generation gas turbine engines.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Michael G. Izenson
Creare Incorporated
P.O. Box 71, Etna Road
Hanover , NH 03755
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Creare Incorporated
P.O. Box 71, Etna Road
Hanover , NH 03755-0071
PROJECT TITLE: Autonomous Integrated Reconfigurable Collision Avoidance System
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The main motivation for a reconfigurable collision avoidance system is greater survivability, possible if the feedback system can reorganize itself in the presence of obstacles, actuator failures and surface damages. This project develops an autonomous integrated reconfigurable collision avoidance system to enhance the reliability, availability and durability for high altitude aircraft. The innovations of the project include: (1) development of fuzzy reconfigurable flight controllers; (2) development of a neural network based adaptive controller for performing self-optimization, on-line adaptation, and autonomous obstacle detection, fault detection and controller reconfiguration; (3) development of intelligent health monitoring techniques for aircraft, based on the integration of fuzzy neural work techniques with State Chi-Square Test (SCST) failure detection approaches; (4) development of an advanced decision aid system for collision avoidance; and (5) testing, demonstration and evaluation of the performance of the integrated intelligent health monitoring and reconfigurable flight control system via a nonlinear 6DOF aircraft simulation software environment. The deliverable of Phase I is a commercial product, Autonomous Integrated Reconfigurable Collision Avoidance System, which is a significant technological breakthrough with enormous commercial value.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
This project will lead to autonomous integrated reconfigurable collision avoidance techniques which can significantly enhance the reliability, availability and durability of high altitude aircraft systems as well as other civil/military dynamic systems. The developed software can design high-performance reconfigurable control systems for autonomous vehicles, aircraft, spacecraft, mechanical systems, etc.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Ching-Fang Lin
American GNC Corporation
9131 Mason Ave.
Chatsworth , CA 91311
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
American GNC Corporation
9131 Mason Ave.
Chatsworth , CA 91311
PROJECT TITLE: Enhanced NLF Airfoil Pressure Recovery with Boundary Layer Mixing Devices
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Aircraft capable of very high altitude flight are desirable for atmospheric research and for military reconnaissance. Vehicles envisioned to cruise at altitudes from 70,000 to 100,000 feet must be designed with state-of-the-art structures, propulsion and aerodynamics in order to carry any meaningful payload for a significant loiter period. Because of the low Reynolds number inherent in flying at such high altitudes, recent aircraft designs have taken advantage of natural laminar flow (NLF) airfoils to reduce skin friction drag. The extent of NLF is limited by the need to recover the pressure by the trailing edge. The advantages of NLF airfoils can be enhanced by including in the original design a miniature boundary layer mixing device (BLMD) system that allows airfoils to be designed with a much more aggressive pressure recovery profile. The advantage of such a design is an increase in the percentage of laminar flow, while at the same time increasing the design lift coefficient. This combined increase in lift to drag ratio (L/D) will increase the performance of high altitude vehicles and can help to reduce the vehicle size, and hence the cost, required to carry a fixed weight payload.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Laminar flow airfoils are in use for a variety of aircraft including high altitude long endurance unmanned air vehicles (UAV's), general aviation aircraft, business jets, and some commercial aircraft. The ability to enhance airfoil performance would be of great value to aircraft manufacturers that use laminar flow airfoils. This technology may also be applied to propeller airfoils. It is possible that with the use of Boundary Layer Mixing Devices, new applications for laminar flow airfoils will become available where it was once not practical because of boundary layer separation concerns.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Brian Kramer
Eidetics Corporation
3425 Lomita Blvd.
Torrance , CA 90505
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Eidetics Corporation
3425 Lomita Blvd.
Torrance , CA 90505
PROJECT TITLE: UV Dual-band Photodiode Sensors for Dynamic Combustion Control
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This Phase I SBIR proposal addresses the NASA need for minimally invasive aircraft sensors which are simple in implementation and yet insightful as diagnostic tools. The project is aimed at the development of a robust optical sensor for real-time monitoring of aircraft engine combustion dynamics. The sensor consists of two photodiode elements designed to respond in different wavelength bands corresponding to the emission from various electronically excited radical species generated in the combustion process. One photodiode element of the sensor monitors UV emission which originates from the oxygen containing species hydroxyl radical, OH, and carbon monoxide, CO. The other element is sensitive to emission which comes primarily from hydrocarbon radicals such as C2 and CH. The intensity ratio from the two photodiode elements provides data on the dynamics of the combustion process such as the air-to-fuel mix ratio. The photodiode sensors are made from group-III nitride materials. Photodiodes made from these materials are highly responsive to the ultraviolet emissions in combustion flames, but are insensitive to the background visible and infrared radiation from hot engine components. The group-III nitrides are also extremely inert and robust, which make them ideal for high temperature, harsh environment applications.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
In addition to its application in jet aircraft combustion diagnostics, the technology developed during this program could also be applied to ground based turbine engines such as those in electrical power generation, or to marine turbine engines on ships. This technology could be valuable in other sectors as well. An example is in UV flame sensing in bright solar background. The military has interest in detection of missiles or artillery fire by observing the UV emission in the flames associated with these weapons. The important criteria in this case is to discriminate the UV emission from the weapons against the solar background. The CO and OH sensing photodiode would be valuable in this regard. Also, there is need for robust UV irradiance meters for use in the semiconductor and UV curing industries. The group-III nitride materials developed under this program will be far superior to existing silicon-based devices and will find numerous applications in these fields.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Jody J. Klaassen
SVT Associates, Inc.
7620 Executive Drive
Eden Prairie , MN 55344
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
SVT Associates, Inc.
7620 Executive Dr.
Eden Prairie , MN 55344
PROJECT TITLE: High-Temperature Optical Fiber Skin Friction Sensors for Aeropropulsion Flight Tests
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Sensors that can withstand extremely high-temperature environments are required for 1) monitoring the performance of combustion engines, including aeropropulsion and power generation turbine systems, 2) process monitoring of new high-temperature, high-performance materials, such as metal- and ceramics-matrix composites and 3) evaluation of advanced aerospace structural materials at high temperatures. Currently, no reliable electrical or optical fiber-based sensor instrumentation is commercially available which can survive the high-temperature environment and provide continuous calibrated measurements. Optical fiber sensor technology is ideal for these applications due to the extremely high operating temperature of silica-based optical fiber waveguides (1650°F/900°C) and even higher operating temperature of sapphire-based optical waveguides (3600°F/2000°C). F&S, Inc. is developing optical fiber physical sensors for measurement of strain, temperature, pressure, acceleration, and skin which, in addition to their high-temperature capability, possess a number of practical advantages over traditional electrical-based instrumentation. F&S has been a world leader in the development of optical fiber sensor instrumentation for relatively low-temperature strain sensor instrumentation and proposes to add to their product line new sensors and systems that will withstand the rigorous demands of the high-temperature aeropropulsion environment.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
In addition to addressing NASA's requirements for monitoring the high-temperature aeropropulsion environment, the proposed optical fiber sensors will compete within the multibillion dollar market for high-temperature sensor instrumentation for monitoring turbomachinery, power generation systems, advanced materials during high-temperature testing, and high temperature industrial process monitoring.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Wade Pulliam
F&S, Inc.
2851 Commerce Street
Blacksburg , VA 24060
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
F&S, Inc.
2851 Commerce Street
Blacksburg , VA 24060
PROJECT TITLE: Real Time Shock Location Sensor
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
A real-time shock location sensor (SLS) with high dynamic response characteristics will be developed for high-speed flight applications. The innovation will use an array of surface hot-film sensors operated by Tao Systems' large bandwidth, high sensitivity constant voltage anemometer and associated instrumentation. Unique shock detection hardware based on a recently discovered relationship between the presence of shock and its surface signatures will be designed and fabricated. The Phase I effort will demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed innovation for on-line detection. A prototype system will be built and tested in Phase II to establish the proof-of-concept in a real flight environment. The detection of shock and an understanding of shock-boundary-layer interactions is of primary importance to the safety and efficient performance of high-speed vehicles.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The SLS can be used in active air inlet control, active buffet control, and wave-drag reduction systems of high-speed flight vehicles to monitor and control shock. SLS will also find applications in CFD validation of high-speed vehicles, performance testing and design of hypersonic flight vehicles, high-speed propellers, and turbo-machines.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Garimella R. Sarma
Tao of Systems Integration, Inc.
471 McLaws Circle, Suite 1
Williamsburg , VA 23185
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Tao of Systems Integration, Inc.
471 McLaws Circle, Suite 1
Williamsburg , VA 23185
PROJECT TITLE: A New Class of High-Temperature Strain Measurement Waveguide Sensors
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
A new optical fiber sensor technology for high-temperature strain measurement is proposed. This technology is based on a sensor consisting of Bragg gratings etched into silica channel waveguides. The transduction mechanism for this sensor follows the concept of in-fiber Bragg grating sensors, but with two-fold enhancement in thermal stability and operating temperature range. Using this technology, sensors capable of operating up to 1100°C and 2300°C can be produced when fabricated in silica and sapphire, respectively. The fabrication procedures for Bragg gratings are controllable, and show promise for cost effective mass production. The production technology of microelectronics industry is directly adaptable for fabricating the proposed sensors. During the Phase I feasibility study we will: 1) devise a high temperature sensor fabrication process, 2) develop high-temperature optical fiber to channel waveguide interconnect technology, 3) fabricate proof-of-concept high-temperature sensors in amorphous silica, 4) establish sensor bonding procedures, and 5) demonstrate high-temperature strain measurement capability at temperatures up to 1100°C. The Phase II effort will concentrate on resolving several challenging issues inherent to high temperature sensors and in building a prototype system. In phase III we will commercialize this sensor technology.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The broadest anticipated market for the proposed innovation is in the development of advanced aeropropulsion systems such as the X-33, X-34, RLV, NASP, and other hypervelocity vehicles where high temperature strain measurement in composite materials is critical for health monitoring and feedback control are critical. This technology will also benefit the study of constitutive properties of new high-temperature composite materials.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Venki S. Venkat
Analytical Services & Materials, Inc.
107 Research Drive
Hampton , VA 23666-1340
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Analytical Services & Materials, Inc.
107 Research Drive
Hampton , VA 23666-1340
PROJECT TITLE: Implicit Unstructured Adaptive Mesh ALE Navier-Stokes Solver for Hypersonic Vehicle Simulation
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
ResearchSouth, Inc. proposes to develop computational fluid dynamics computer software for analysis / design of advanced airbreathing hypersonic vehicles. The problems addressed are: viscous high speed air flow over the exterior vehicle, viscous interactions during stage separation, combustion in the propulsion system, and mixing between the exhaust nozzle flow and the freestream. We will develop a general-purpose fluid flow analysis tool which gives the user the choice of inviscid Euler flow, viscous Navier-Stokes flow for laminar conditions, and turbulent flow with algebraic and k-e models. All of this capability will be operational for perfect-gases or equilibrium-air on unstructured, adaptive tetrahedral meshes with the Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation for unsteady moving-body dynamics. The Phase I program will start with the SAMcfd code, an already proven technology, and proceed to develop an implicit Navier-Stokes solver for unstructured meshes, develop a set of preconditioners (initializers) for the GMRES technique to solve the non-linear equations, improve our existing Navier-Stokes meshing technique, add an equilibrium-air thermodynamics capability, perform a set of demonstration calculations for viscous flow over hypersonic vehicles, and document the project. This software will provide NASA with a powerful software tool to perform very efficient and rapid design assessment of evolving airbreathing hypersonic vehicle concepts.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The following are among the many commercial applications for the reacting Navier-Stokes software: (1) pollution dispersion from stacks of industrial processing plants; (2) modeling of viscous mixing processes for chemical manufacturing companies;(3) computation of exhaust flow from automobile and bus exhaust systems; (4) design of more efficient internal combustion engines; (5) fuel economy studies for commercial airplanes; (6) analysis of waste disposal systems; (7) design of air conditioning systems for large buildings; (8) air quality modeling for large-city streets
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Lawrence W. Spradley
ResearchSouth, Inc.
555 Sparkman Dr. Suite 1612
Huntsville , AL 35816
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
ResearchSouth, Inc.
555 Sparkman Dr. Suite 1612
Huntsville , AL 35816
PROJECT TITLE: Ceramic Composites for Combined Cycle Propulsion Designs
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Successful development of combined cycle propulsion systems will help us obtain the economic and technical potential of airbreathing hypersonic vehicles operating in low earth orbit or at speeds higher than Mach 8. Due to their mechanical strength, light weight, and high temperature properties, continuous fiber ceramic matrix composites (CFCCs) compose a class of materials that will enable integration of propulsion elements into combined cycledesigns. Refractory Composites, Inc. (RCI) has recently developed processing technologies to fabricate CFCCs of the size and complex geometries required of such components. In this proposed SBIR program, RCI will work to demonstrate and define the applicability of CFCCcomponents in combined cycle propulsion systems. Specifically, in Phase I we will fabricate larger sized panels (6"x 15" and 6" x 30") which will be exposed to Mach 7 to 8 scram-jet combustor operating conditions. The testing, analysis and related design tasks will be provided by RCI's team members at no cost to the SBIR program. In addition RCI will fabricate a complex shaped CFCC component and which can be used to demonstrate that its structural strength is sufficient for hypersonic applications and fabrication of highly integrated CFCC flow path structures is feasible.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
This SBIR effort will intimately entwined with ongoing vehicle engine development programs. On a broader scale, much of the work completed during the SBIR program would have direct application to many other hypersonic air-breathing product areas in terms of CFCC property data, design methodologies and manufacturability. Applications include TPSand leading edges for RLVs and reentry vehicles.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Frederick S. Lauten, PhD
Refractory Composites, Inc.
107 North Langley Road
Glen Burnie , MD 21060
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Refractory Composites, Inc.
107 N. Langley Rd.
Glen Burnie , MD 21060
PROJECT TITLE: A Combined Cycle Pulse Detonation/ Ramjet Engine
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This proposal is written in response to NASA solicitation subtopic 07.04 which specifically seeks ?advanced technologies for integrated propulsion systems such as pulse detonation-techniques for the low speed portion of operation of integrated air-breathing propulsion systems for hypersonic vehicles.? The Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE) is geometrically most simply described as a series of valved tubes. With valves open, a detonable fuel/air mixture is brought into each tube and is detonated with the valves shut to force the combustion product gases to escape through the aft end of the tube, providing thrust. The low-cost, lightweight characteristics of this engine led APRI to the development of a PDE for subsonic propulsion applications. However, a principal characteristic of the PDE geometry is that its similarity to the ramjet makes it an ideal candidate as the low speed cycle of a hypersonic airbreathing propulsion system. Thus, APRI proposes to develop a dual-mode PDE/ramjet which uses the same air flow path for both modes of operation. As a first step, the objective of the proposed Phase I effort is to develop viable flow path configurations for a combined-cycle PDE/Ramjet and to assess the engine thermal design and cooling requirements.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The technology described in this proposal will be applied to the development of combined-cycle cruise missiles or unmanned aerial vehicles. Extension to combined-cycle PDE/ramjet/scramjet engines is also anticipated.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. James D. Sterling
Advanced Projects Research, Incorporated
1925 McKinley Avenue, Suite B
La Verne , CA 91750
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Advanced Projects Research, Incorporated
1925 McKinley Avenue, Suite B
La Verne , CA 91750
PROJECT TITLE: Vortex Combustion Ramjet (VCRJ)
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
ORBITEC proposes an advanced vortex combustion ramjet (VCRJ) featuring an innovative, vortex-flow, wall surface burning combustor, having improved combustion efficiency with cleaner burning and an extended operating range. Full-wall, liquid-fuel injection is expected to permit wide throttling without flame holders because the combustion is anchored at the wall as in a hybrid rocket engine. ORBITEC has been developing a similar device as a hybrid rocket engine with solid fuel walls. The unique co-axial vortex promotes combustion, with an extended flow path and thorough mixing. Benefits include: simplicity, low cost, and improved combustion to provide enhanced performance, with extended range and flight ceiling for the vehicle. In Phase I, a small prototype ramjet will be designed, built and tested. In Phase II, a larger engine will be flown in an RPV. NASA applications may include a research RPV, providing design and operational data for SST propulsion. Early commercial applications include RPV?s to be used in forest fire surveillance, traffic and accident viewing, search and rescue and weather observations, government use may include RPV?s for border surveillance, cruise weapon systems, target drones, and forward observation aircraft. These uses also support continued development of the engine cycle for SST applications, including fractional orbit vehicles.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Future commercial applications for this technology include RPV?s and SST propulsion. Near-term use includes small aerial vehicles that are best powered by ramjets, such as RPV?s for observation and communication uses, and possibly as reusable replacements for weather balloons and in some cases, sounding rockets. Military uses are more common where the ramjet simplicity, low weight, high speed, and small frontal area are advantageous. Aerial target drones, cruise weapon systems, and forward observation craft are typical. In the military applications, the fuel efficiency can be offset by mission profile and battle strategy approaches. These applications generate data bases for SST propulsion. In addition the general technology of this new vortex combustor potentially has substantial industrial significance. Cyclone burners have been used for many years to take advantage of vortex-driven combustion. The new vortex flow proposed to be developed in this project extends the technology and the benefits because of the nature of the flow unique to the ORBITEC vortex flow concept. Many classes of air-fired combustors can use this new flow field for improved combustion efficiency and environmental benefits.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
William H. Knuth
Orbital Technologies Corporation
Space Center, 1212 Fourier Drive
Madison , WI 53717
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Orbital Technologies Corporation
Space Center, 1212 Fourier Drive
Madison , WI 53717
PROJECT TITLE: A Millisecond Response Force Balance for Hypersonic Aero-propulsion Testing
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
If the development of a vehicle capable of sustained hypersonic flight in the atmosphere at speeds above Mach 8 is to be realized, a ground-based wind tunnel with a reliable force measurement system is a necessity. However, above Mach 8, due to thermal survivability of wind-tunnel nozzle throat materials, only impulse tunnels having test times no more than several milliseconds in duration will be available for the foreseeable future. To accomplish aerodynamic force measurement in such a short time period, a non-conventional approach for the force balance design is required. Our approach is based on the interpretation of stress waves traversing the model and a suitably designed sting as has been previously demonstrated for drag-thrust measurement in shock tunnels, and recently for three-component force measurement at GASL. This stress-wave force balance appears to offer a route to a fully-metric mounting system for impulse-tunnel test articles. This proposal endeavors to build a universal force measurement system that will accept different aero-propulsion test articles, and deliver drag, lift and pitching moment measurement within the available test time of a conventional reflected shock tunnel.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Hypersonic propulsion test facilities will need increased capability to meet the growing demands of new weapons and access to space programs. The present lack of adequately instrumented wind tunnels capable of testing above Mach 8 strongly influences the vision of propulsion and space craft system designers, tending toward limiting atmospheric operation below this speed. The development of a force measurement capability for Mach 8+ wind tunnels will open the design space spawning a new era of hypersonic systems and consequently test opportunities for the NASA-HYPULSE Facility located at and operated by GASL. Further opportunities exist in the instrument resale market. Recently, GASL has been very successful designing and building instrumentation suites for other test facilities both in the US and abroad. The proposed force measurement system will be seen as extremely important by other impulse tunnel operators and sales of such units will follow.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Robert J. Bakos
GASL, Inc.
77 Raynor Avenue
Ronkonkoma , NY 11779-6648
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
GASL, Inc.
77 Raynor Avenue
Ronkonkoma , NY 11779-6648
PROJECT TITLE: An Integrated Multi-Sensor for In Situ and Real Time Biological Monitoring
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Physical Optics Corporation's (POC) Applied Technology Division proposes a novel approach for studying and understanding the influence of gravity and the space environment on biological materials such as cells and particles. POC's proposed Fiber Optic-Based Integration System (FOBIS) will be capable of in situ, real-time biological monitoring, and is based on a single fiber optic system. A compact, multi functional device, the FOBIS incorporates three working units (a Micro-Flow Cytometer, a Micro-Photometer, and a Micro-Sensor) into a compact, spaceworthy package that offers the following features: (1) combined flow cytometer, microphotometer, and biosensor system, with small, low cost, rugged packaging, and field applicability; (2) optical fiber optic profiler, and a laser tweezers technique for noninvasive in situ measurements, in real time, with minimal distortion to particle structure and optical properties; (3) relatively high throughput by both flow cytometric and optical trapping/microphotometric sampling modes, required for sampling rapidly changing physical and biological regimes such as those that will occur under varying gravity conditions; (4) force measurement technique, applicable to high sensitivity biosensing without the need for extra components; (5) new, innovative method extending the row and partial gravity effects to aquatic environmental studies.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed FOBIS can be used for a variety of applications, such as bacteria monitoring in food plants, water resources, hospitals, and public areas; cancer diagnosis; quality control for biological processing; laboratory research in the biomedical and cell biological fields, biophysics, and biochemistry; individual cell studies, DNA sequencing, and cell culturing.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Zhanxiang Zhang
Physical Optics Corporation, Applied Technology Division
2545 W. 237th Street, Suite B
Torrance , CA 90505-5228
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Physical Optics Corporation, EP Division
20600 Gramercy Place, Building 100
Torrance , CA 90501-1821
PROJECT TITLE: Iridium Oxide Biosensor Arrays for Multianalyte Bioprocess Monitoring
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
NASA will require highly automated and low power monitoring and control to support long-term bioprocessing in the space environment The proposed innovation entails microfabricated sensors based on hydrous Ir oxide anodically formed on Ir thin film microelectrodes. These films can be used both as high surface area amperometric electrodes and as pH electrodes. We have shown further that these oxides can be grown to encapsulate and protect a range of enzymes and probably other large biomolecules (antibodies, DNA strands, co-factors, etc.). Using this approach, amperometric and potentiometric biosensors can be prepared simply and economically on microfabricated thin film Ir arrays. Multifunctional electrochemical biosensors can be made "on a chip" for monitoring O2, CO2, H2O2 and a wide range of enzyme substrates, including glucose, lactate, urea and amino acids. The goal of Phase I is to demonstrate a long-lived microfabricated Ir oxide electrochemical sensor/biosensor array for monitoring a group of analytes typical to cell culture production in a typical culture medium. Phase II will integrate this array into a micro-total analytical system for noninvasive monitoring and control of a HARV or STLV bioreactor, and/or a NASA in-house system.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Besides their use in space-based bioreactor systems, they are expected to impact the multibillion dollar bioprocessing industry for monitoring cell cultures, pharmaceutical production and fermentations.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
R. David Rauh
EIC Laboratories, Inc.
111 Downey Street
Norwood , MA 02062-2612
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
EIC Laboratories, Inc.
111 Downey Street
Norwood , MA 02062-2612
PROJECT TITLE: Miniaturized Array Sensor for Physiological and Metabolic Monitoring
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Facile and accurate measurements of the concentrations of oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH, electrolyte, and temperature are essential for the better understanding of many physiological, biological, photosynthetic, and metabolic process as well as the evolution of life in our solar system. Currently available analytic technologies for analyzing these chemical species require frequent calibration and maintenance and are fargile, bulky, slow and not real-time. Therefore, they are ill-suited for space exploration. Amsen Technologies proposes a miniaturized and lower-power array sensor based on a novel molecular sensing concept that has the potential to provide rapid and real-time detection of aforementioned critical biological and physiological participants and process variables. We shall establish the proof-of-concept by fabricating sensor prototype during Phase I and conduct extensive optimization and field testing of the engineering prototypes in PhaseII. Commercialization of the sensor technology will be done in Phase III.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed innovation can provide NASA with low-power, miniaturized, real-time, highly selective, and sensitive sensors to detect a wide range of molecular species including oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, pH, and temperature. Other NASA applications include human habitat monitoring and extraterrestrial environmental monitoring. Spin-off applications include oceanographic monitoring, health care, and medical diagnostics.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Ayyasamy Aruchamy
AMSEN TECHNOLOGIES
1181 N. El Dorado Place, Suite 319
Tucson , AZ 85715
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
AMSEN TECHNOLOGIES
1181 N. El Dorado Place, Suite 319
Tucson , AZ 85715
PROJECT TITLE: Avian Hatchling Habitat for Bioregenerative, Physiological, & Behavorial Studies
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Advanced technology is needed to help better understand problems associated with sustaining humans in space. Animal life science research in space provides valuable insight into musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, neurological, and vestibular problems experienced by humans during space flight. The Avian Hatchling Habitat is an innovative, automated system for supporting investigations of biological responses of animals in space. The Habitat provides innovations for accommodating, observing, measuring, and manipulating adult quail or newborn chicks in microgravity. It builds on SHOT's prior flight hardware research, including the Avian Development Facility, which is being developed for the Space Station Biological Research Project. Phase I objectives are to confirm the technical feasibility and commercial viability of the Habitat, and complete designs of the modular cage, feed/water, and waste management systems. The Phase I effort will culminate in a detailed report, which will include research analysis, trade studies, and design details. The report will provide a final assessment of the suitability of the Habitat in meeting both NASA and commercial needs. Continuing Phase II support will allow development and evaluation of a high-fidelity Avian Hatchling Habitat prototype. Eventually, flight versions will offer enhancement of science return and reduction in cost of biological research on ISS.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
An anaerobic digester developed for the waste management system of the Avian Hatchling Habitat incorporates a cost efficient technology, which eliminates a major source of polution and odor associated with the poultry industry. Furthermore, the digester converts poultry manure into a high grade of purely organic fertilizer. The development of this system will result in two commercial by-products with vast consumer market potential: anaerobic digester units that can be marketed to poultry producers, and a purely organic fertilizer, which the poultry producers can sell on the open market.Technology evolving from the Avian Hatchling Habitat will catalyze commercial space development by helping resolve problems associated with human space flight. Additionally, since the Habitat allows the life cycle to be completed (egg to egg), the avian holds great promise as a bioregenerative food source for long term flights, and eventually, space colonization on the Moon, Mars, and other planetary bodies. In turn, basic biological research with the Habitat could lead to new developments in the diagnosis and treatment of various musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, neurological, and vestibular abnormalities in humans.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Heidi Platt
Space Hardware Optimization Technology, Inc.
5605 Featherengill Road
Floyd Knobs , IN 47119
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Space Hardware Optimization Technology
5605 Featherengill Road
Floyd Knobs , IN 47119
PROJECT TITLE: A Non-contact Mapper to Characterize Gravitational Effects on Biotechnology and Materials Science
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Morgan Research Corporation proposes to develop a unique non-contact method of mapping the uniformity of carrier concentrations and absorption in binary and tertiary semiconducting compounds of zinc in the temperature range of 300K-77K (Phase I) and 300K-10K (Phase II) that uses the Faraday rotation effect. This technique will quantify the effects of microgravity on critical electronic properties of important IR detector materials. The proposed method has significant advantages over conventional contact methods when characterizing electronic uniformity in materials grown in a microgravity environment and on earth. The proposed method greatly reduces the chance of contaminating the material to be characterized since electrical contacts do not have to be alloyed to the material as is now done with conventional contact methods. Since variations in carrier concentration within a sample can be determined with this technique, two-dimensional mapping is possible, which is another significant advantage this method has over conventional methods such as the Hall technique.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed technology will significantly lower IR detector/FPA array cost and increase yield from an estimated 2-5% to ~90%, by utilizing its unique capability to screen out unacceptable material at the start of the device manufacturing process instead of at the end as must now be done. This technology applies to manufacturing devices for such applications as satellite and missile systems. Specific examples of IR systems include vision enhancement for aircraft takeoffs and landings, air-to-ground wake vortex detection on aircraft, automatic braking devices, and object detection. Process control applications include temperature measurement, moisture measurement, and nondestructive evaluation. Orbiting satellites use IR systems for monitoring the earth's environment.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
George Tanton
Morgan Research Corporation
2707 Artie Street, Suite 17
Hunstville , AL 35805-4769
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Morgan Research Corporation
2707 Artie Street, Suite 17
Huntsville , AL 35805-4769
PROJECT TITLE: A UNIQUE SAMPLE QUENCH METHODOLOGY FOR MICROGRAVITY FURNACES
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
NASA's Microgravity Materials Science research programs require rapid cooling of samples to enhance microstructural analysis. A sample quench rate of up to 100°C/sec is desired which is shown to be unattainable using traditional quench system and Sample Ampoule Cartridge Assembly (SACA) designs. To specifically address this requirement, our innovation is a "Quench In Cartridge" (QIC) system design for SACAs, in which the quench media is delivered internal to the metallic containment cartridge. This innovative design reduces the furnace design complexity and allows it to be kept independent of SACA design while achieving significantly higher quench rates and possibly enhancing axial gradient in the sample. A novel attribute to this in-situ approach is that the desired quench can be achieved with no or minimal impact to the furnace module design and with only minor added requirements to the subsystem design, resulting in significant cost reductions. Additionally, QIC design will meet all requirements for steady state and quench processing applicable to both low and high temperature SACAs. None of the existing and planned quench system designs/methodologies incorporated in either terrestrial or microgravity furnaces offer the simplicity and overwhelming advantages provided by the innovative QIC technique.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Quenching of materials is a process used extensively in the metals heat treating industry for control of microstructure and resultant mechanical properties. Theoretically, this research could yield results that would contribute to process improvements and resultant cost savings within this industry. However, we feel that the primary commercial benefits of this research are in the area of space commercialization. To this end it can result in better science, but at a lower cost than more traditional quench systems. An immediate benefit to NASA is that it has direct application to NASA's planned microgravity research and planned hardware development efforts for the International Space Station, while also providing significant cost savings in terms of both reduction of payload costs and reduction of overall payload interface complexity.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Michael R. Fiske
System Studies & Simulation, Inc
4717 University Dr, Suite 100
HUntsville , AL 35816
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
System Studies & Simulation, Inc
4717 University Dr, Suite 100
Huntsville , AL 35816
PROJECT TITLE: Cost-Effective Integrated Miniature Furnace Body and Sample Contaminant Fabrication Method
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Using a proprietary graded porous net shape sapphire fabrication process, Foster-Miller will prove the feasibility of producing a compact furnace with an integrated sample containment system to allow fast, inexpensive microgravity experiments. A working demonstration furnace with a thermal shock resistant structure, built-in heating elements and suitable electrical connections will be fabricated and tested in Phase I. In comparison to the current state of the art furnace that requires 4000 watts of input power, the Phase I furnace will require only 60 watts to reach temperatures up to 2000K. It will have sufficient thermal shock resistance capability to reach 2000K in less than 30 seconds and will be reusable. Our innovative processing approach also eliminates temperature limiting braze joints, and flammability risk at operating temperature. In the Phase I program, Foster-Miller will build a working prototype, and characterize the furnace for temperature, thermal cycling and thermal shock capability. Foster-Miller has assembled a team consisting of an, end-user and suppliers. The Phase I program is targeted to a specific NASA furnace application. This furnace technology can also be of direct use for the microgravity processing programs at NASA MSFC and LeRC. The Phase I proposal also presents a team, strategy and commitments to develop a pervasive commercial application based on this technology. The follow-on Phase II program will refine Phase I technology, demonstrate repeatability, consistency and reliability, and conduct cost/benefits and producibility analyses.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The porous sapphire technology provides a refractory, thermal shock resistant and lightweight structural and electrically insulative material. Commercial applications for this technology exist in efficient lighting products for industrial/residential applications, ignitors for gas/oil fired industrial/residential furnaces and appliances, and functionally gradient tab materials used for joining of dissimilar refractory materials. Foster-Miller has assembled a Phase I team to develop superior lighting products using this technology.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Ronald G. Roy
Foster-Miller, Inc.
350 Second Avenue
Waltham , MA 02154
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Foster-Miller, Inc.
350 Second Avenue
Waltham , MA 02154
PROJECT TITLE: Understanding and Utilizing Gravitational Effects on Biotechnology and Materials Science
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Interferometry is widely employeed for various nonintrusive/noncontact gross-field measurements. It has excellent potential for diverse applications to space experiments including crystal growth, material processing, heat and mass transfer, and fluid flow. However, the problem of expeditiously extracting accurate phase information from noise-ridden or complex data needs to be resolved. We propose a unique method for resolving this problem for all types of numeric interferometric processing algorithms, including fringe tracking, regression, Fourier transforms, and phase stepping techniques. These algorithms, in principle, provide or need isophase lines, thus allowing the proposed unified approach of effective noise reduction and automation based on the use of various knowledge from interferometry experts or from statistical extraction. This hybrid method requires development of low-level probabilistic noise reduction based on directional information of fringes, and high-level knowledge-based processing that follows expert-like judgement for further error/noise reduction through global structure examination. The proposed innovative hybrid software can be effectively employeed even for data with severe noise levels. The project would thus lead to the development of a robust user-friendly system useful for many applications in space experiments for both fluids and solids (i.e., protein and solution crystal growth, growth interface studies, fluid flow, etc.) as well as in commercial nondestructive testing.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Various organizations can find useful applications of the developed system. These include private companies, universities, and national laboratories. Interferometry is a valuable means for testing; however, lack of an efficient user-friendly system has been a hindrance for its wide application beyond testing in optical industries where acquisition of good quality fringes is possible.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Colleen Fitzpatrick
Rice Systems, Inc.
1150 main Street, Suite C
Irvine , CA 92614
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Rice Systems, Inc.
1150 Main St. Suite C
Irvine , CA 92614
PROJECT TITLE: Low Mass, Low Power, Low Cost Space Furnace
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
It is proposed to design and build a low mass, low power, low cost, high temperature furnace for use in space. Vacuum and radiation insulation provide a means to almost eliminate heat losses from the furnace, allowing high temperatures to be achieved using low power. A cylindrical configuration provides strength, access, simplicity, and low mass. Vacuum pumping requirements are minimized by using the partial vacuum of space. Temperatures in excess of 1200oC can be achieved using less than 1 kW of power. Direct optical access will be included in the furnace design. The furnace has the potential to be a centerpiece for research and development of materials processing in space. Phase 1 will demonstrate design and operating principles; Phase 2 will develop and deliver a prototype to NASA.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
This program will lead to new capabilities for furnace processing and commercial development in earth orbit. Industrial applications are for low power furnaces.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Stephen C. Bates
Thoughtventions Unlimited
40 Nutmeg Lane
Glastonbury , CT 06033
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Thoughtventions Unlimited
40 Nutmeg Lane
Glastonbury , CT 06033
PROJECT TITLE: High Performance Heat Pipe
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Heat pipes, loop heat pipes, and capillary pumped loops are valued passive thermal transport devices for both terrestrial and space-based applications. Such two-phase systems exploit capillary forces which circulate the working fluid in the cycle. Thus, a balance between capillary driving pressure and viscous resistance serves as the primary limit to thermal performance. To circumvent this limitation, TDA Research, Inc. proposes development of a passive thermal cycle that generates driving pressure gradients 100-fold larger than current state-of-the-art capillary pressure gradients. For space applications, with such large increases in driving force, flow-through radiators with small passages may be employed, significantly decreasing the size and weight of the thermal control/rejection system. The passive thermal cycle proposed can exploit recent advances in radiator technology. Phase I research will focus on the characterization of the thermal cycle in terms of system geometry, properties, and specific application (ground- or space-based). Phase II development work will produce an optimized design for satellite heat rejection using flow-through radiators.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The passive thermal transport loop generates high driving pressures gradients: it does not suffer from capillary flow limitations, achieves the reliability of parallel-path systems, and can exploit lightweight radiator technology. Commercial applications will be in the thermal control of unmanned satellites (i.e., communication satellites) for the removal of heat from electronic components.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Mark Weislogel
TDA Research, Inc.
12345 W. 52nd Ave.
Wheat Ridge , CO 80033-1917
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
TDA Research, Inc.
12345 W. 52nd Ave.
Wheat Ridge , CO 80033-1917
PROJECT TITLE: Small Payload Fluid Servicing System (SPAFSS)
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
ORBITEC proposes to develop a Small Payload Fluid Servicing System (SPAFSS) to service fluid loops in a microgravity environment for filtering, gas entraiment, and other potential chemical processing that utilize a porous media. The innovation of this unit is the development of a miniature, membrane based, gas/liquid separator and its integration into a small, low powered unit capable of automated priming while on orbit with minimal crew intervention. Current gas/liquid separators are large, require substantial power and mass, and are designed to draw both free gas as well as dissolved gas out of the water. The miniaturized gas/liquid separator within SPAFSS meets the specific needs of biological research units and other small experiments on Space Station enabling significantly higher fluid system reliability necessary for most of these experiments. This allows the new separator to be much smaller, lighter weight, and use less power. The Phase I will result in a testbed to evaluate system components and provide input for the development of a flight system. The Phase II unit could be incorporated with existing systems as part of a technology demonstration flight in microgravity.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Successful development of the small payload fluid servicing system (SPAFSS) would provide NASA with a standard piece of support equipment to prepare, degas, and filter water for extended durations microgravity science experiments. Some commercial applications for a SPAFSS would be in controlled capillary irrigation (CCI) of plant growth systems, and porous-interface building and residential humidity control systems. A small payload fluid servicing system is essential to developing commercial porous-interface irrigation and humidity control systems. Potential marketable uses of controlled capillary irrigation systems include providing control of root environments in small and large plantings ranging from individual pots to large plantscapes for offices and office complexes, airports, hotels, restaurants, homes, and urban roof-top agriculture systems. CCI can also be applied to root zone environment control for plant stress, mineral nutrition, and plant pathology research. Porous-interface humidity control systems have great potential for use in residential and office buildings since they can humidify and dehumidify with the same equipment, can provide precise set-point control, and have no free water which can be contaminated or spilled.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Jeffrey T. Iverson
Orbital Technologies Corporation
Space Center, 1212 Fourier Drive
Madison , WI 53717
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Orbital Technologies Corporation
Space Center, 1212 Fourier Drive
Madison , WI 53717
PROJECT TITLE: Mars Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Freezer
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The Mars Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Freezer (MACDOF) is a low cost and low power refrigerating device that will condense carbon dioxide directly from the Martian atmosphere. This device can be used to provide the carbon dioxide feed required by many ISPP processes. The freezer operates in batch fashion, solidifying the CO2 for a specified period of time before closing isolation valves to allow the generation of high-pressure carbon dioxide feed by rewarming the heat exchanger. During the freezing operation, the MACDOF provides separation of the CO2 from other atmospheric constituents such as nitrogen and argon, allowing collection of a stream of these components in the freezer effluent. The MACDOF uses a closed circuit single component refrigerant circuit to achieve high power efficiencies. To achieve the required temperature span with a single refrigerant, a Martian nighttime temperature frozen propanol heat sink is used to reject the waste heat from the refrigerant cycle. The MACDOF is lighter than the sorption pumps and requires less power than compressors. The MACDOF can also enable high-pressure ISPP systems that produce low-hydrogen fuels. The oxygen produced by such high-pressure ISPP systems can be liquefied at 140 K by the MACDOF for very little power.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The MACDOF is a refrigerator designed to cool materials down to 140 K. As such, it could work just as well on Earth as on Mars and have widespread use in industry, food processing and medicine, as well as research in physics, chemistry, biology, and numerous other fields. Currently, off-the-shelf refrigerators are available to cool to dry-ice temperatures (210 K) or liquid nitrogen temperatures (77 K). However between these extremes, no small, low cost refrigeration systems are available. A 140 K refrigerator would find a place right at the mid-point of this large temperature gap. It would thus be assured of numerous customers who need temperatures substantially lower than dry-ice but well above those of liquid nitrogen, and who do not wish to incur the large costs (>$10,000) required to buy small liquid nitrogen class refrigerators.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Robert M. Zubrin
Pioneer Astronautics
445 Union Blvd., Suite 125
Lakewood , CO 80228
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Pioneer Astronautics
445 Union Blvd., Suite 125
Lakewood , CO 80228
PROJECT TITLE: Microchannel Processor for Extracting Water from Planetary Dust Particles
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The proposed microchannel processor would extract water and/or other volatile compounds from fine-grained dust and regolith deposits found on the surfaces of Mars, the Moon, and asteroids. The core technology is an array of microchannel processors, each of which can process a small amount of dust by briefly heating it to the appropriate temperature, extracting its volatile constituents, recovering the excess heat, and ejecting the spent dust. Such a processor array is expected to have many beneficial characteristics including low mass per quantity of particulates processed and high thermal efficiency when compared to macroprocessing approaches. A complete system would include excavation of the particulate material on the planet surface, mechanical and/or electrostatic separation to remove coarse particles from the material stream, and a means of distribution of particulates to the processor array. An interfaced system would collect and condition the water or volatiles that are released in the reactor. The proposed research would establish the feasibility of using a microchannel processor for particulate materials and produce a system design concept that would allow issues associated with system integration to be addressed. Successful development could provide effective access to water on both the Moon and Mars.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Preliminary analysis of the performance of this apparatus suggests that this will be competitive for Government and commercial applications including propellant and life support consumable operations on the Moon, Mars, or carbonaceous asteroids. The anticipated systems would be small enough to be deployed by robotic spacecraft. Development of the capability to process particulates in microchannel reactors can find industrial use in applications that involve the reaction of gases with particulates, such as in fluidized bed reactors.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Eric E. Rice
Orbital Technologies Corporation
Space Center, 1212 Fourier Drive
Madison , WI 53717
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Orbital Technologies Corporation
Space Center, 1212 Fourier Drive
Madison , WI 53717
PROJECT TITLE: Lunar Ice Simulator
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
ORBITEC proposes the development of a Lunar Ice Simulator (LIS). The objective of the research is to create a system that can simulate the physical structure of the lunar ice/dust mixtures to test and demonstrate mechanisms for the mining and processing of lunar ice deposits. The fundamental purpose is to have a simulator available for supporting experiments as ice was discovered by the Lunar Prospector mission. The simulator would be used to perform scientific experiments to help determine the characteristics of the lunar ice deposits. This includes measuring fundamental properties such as the form of the ice deposited by sublimation at cryogenic temperatures. ORBITEC proposes to design a lunar ice simulator in Phase 1 that would be built and tested in Phase II. The simulator would be utilized to support studies of ice extraction from the lunar regolith in permanently-shadowed areas. The preliminary requirements for future simulator systems large enough to accommodate full-scale testing of a lunar robotic lander or ice recovery systems would also be determined.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The Moon is an attractive source of resources for the development of near-Earth space, because it is close to Earth, has a small gravity field and most of the chemical elements important in the development of space capabilities (e.g., oxygen, metals) can be readily found. The most significant problem of lunar development is the scarcity of fuel for spacecraft. Although oxygen is present in abundance in the minerals of the lunar regolith, no concentrated source of hydrogen was known with certainty to exist, prior to the recent Lunar Prospector mission. If rocket fuel must be imported to the Moon to launch payloads from the Moon, it is very difficult to devise a low-cost Moon-to-space transportation system. However, if both fuel and oxidizer can be obtained locally, a reusable transportation system that can reach Moon-orbit space at low cost may be feasible. This is the promise of lunar water. Water can easily be electrolyzed to produce hydrogen and oxygen, be liquefied and used as propellants. If developed as a supply of propellant, a myriad of other beneficial uses for lunar water could be developed, ranging from life support to construction materials.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Eric E. Rice
Orbital Technologies Corporation
Space Center, 1212 Fourier Drive
Madison , WI 53717
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Orbital Technologies Corporation
Space Center, 1212 Fourier Drive
Madison , WI 53717
PROJECT TITLE: Production of Liquid Hydrocarbon Propellants on Mars
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
TDA Research, Inc. (TDA) proposes to develop a catalytic process for the in-situ generation of liquid hydrocarbon propellants from carbon dioxide and hydrogen on the surface of Mars. The Martian atmosphere is mostly composed of CO2 which can be converted into CO and reacted with hydrogen carried from Earth to produce liquid propellants for the return flight. Using liquid propellant significantly reduces the mass of the spacecraft and cargo which must be brought from Earth. Because the hydrogen to carbon ratio of liquid hydrocarbons is approximately 2, less hydrogen is required to make liquid propellants rather than methane. Additionally, liquid hydrocarbon propellants do not require cryogenic storage which also saves weight. These advantages make the in-situ generation of liquid hydrocarbon propellants an attractive alternative to replace or augment in-situ generated propellants such as methane and methanol.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
A significant portion of the worlds natural gas resources (equivalent to 800 billion barrels of oil) is either in off-shore or remote locations that are presently uneconomical to develop. The catalyst technology for the synthesis of middle distillate hydrocarbon propellants from synthesis gas (CO and H2) on Mars is directly applicable to the conversion of off-shore and remote natural gas. In the industrial application, natural gas is converted into synthesis gas which is then fed to the Fischer-Tropsch reactor which produces liquid hydrocarbons. This process makes it possible to develop natural gas resources where pipeline construction or liquefied natural gas are prohibitively expensive.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Steven C. Gebhard
TDA Research, Inc.
12345 W. 52nd Ave.
Wheat Ridge , CO 80033-1917
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
TDA Research, Inc.
12345 W. 52nd Ave.
Wheat Ridge , CO 80033-1917
PROJECT TITLE: A novel sensor for spacecraft/habitat chemical contamination
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
We propose development of a novel, microscale mass spectrometer system for continuous monitoring of air and, perhaps, recycled water in spacecraft/habitat environments. Upon completion of the Phase I and II programs we anticipate delivering a prototype sensor characterized by small size, low power consumption, long term unattended operation, sensitivity to a wide variety of potential contaminants, self-calibration, and intelligent data assessment. The entire instrument will fit within a soda can (including electronics) and will consume ~10 W of electrical power. Our approach combines two recent innovations: the invention of a microscale, low power, double-focusing mass spectrometer now being developed by Mass Sensors, and the invention of a novel ionization modulation technique by Southwest Sciences that permits direct, mass spectral analysis of mixtures without requiring chromatographic separation.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed analyzer represents a dramatic improvement in size and performance over existing mass-spectrometric detectors and, with a target selling price of under $2,000, will undercut current mass spectrometer costs by over an order of magnitude. Commercial applications include automotive emissions testing, air quality monitoring, industrial hygiene, environmental cleanup monitoring, and industrial process control for semiconductor fabrication and petrochemical production. Biomedical applications include blood gas monitoring and anesthesia delivery control.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
David S. Bomse
Southwest Sciences, Inc.
1570 Pacheco Street; Suite E-11
Santa Fe , NM 87505-3993
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Southwest Sciences, Inc.
1570 Pacheco St. Suite E-11
Santa Fe , NM 87505-3993
PROJECT TITLE: Miniature Electroanalytical Platform for Monitoring Metals and Organics Aboard Spacecraft
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Miniaturized, multi-analyte sensors need to be developed for in- flight monitoring of the life support habitat. In particular, analytical techniques that are gravity-independent, low power/mass, and are capable of broad-spectrum analysis are sought. This project seeks to develop an electroanalytical instrument platform based on stripping voltammetry integrated with simple, gravity-independent sampling methods for a number of key compounds. The proposed techniques will contain electronic self-calibration capabilities. Phase I will consist of development of an analytical platform for quantification of trace contaminants in water, and demonstration of the technology to determine concentration of several metals, including biocidal silver, at the bench level. Phase II will consist of development and delivery of low mass/power instrumentation that has multi- analyte capabilities for analysis of metals, non-metals, and certain classes of organic compounds at sub-ppb levels. This technology is ultimately expected to have the potential for analysis of 30-40 analytes in a total package less than 1 kg.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
This technology has widespread commercial potential due to its low cost, versatility, and sensitivity. Applications include environmental monitoring, occupational exposure assessment, and manufacturing process control in pharmaceutical, metallurgy, mining, electronics, and a host of other industries.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Clifford D. Jolly
Environmental & Life Support Technology
12838 W. Adriatic Ave.
Lakewood , CO 80228
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Environmental & Life Support Technology
12838 W. Adriatic Ave.
Lakewood , CO 80228
PROJECT TITLE: Immobilized Antimicrobials for Enhanced Control of Bacterial Contamination
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Improved methods for control of microbial growth are required to support long duration manned missions. To further this aim, an investigation of the use of immobilized antibiotics and enzymes is proposed. Potential areas of application of these materials include: control of surface populations (particularly in food preparation and personal hygiene areas, i.e., shower, urinal and commode), prevention of microbial colonization and decomposition of materials of construction, prevention of biofilm formation, treatment of hydroponic solutions, potentiation of chemical drinking water disinfection, endotoxin removal from aqueous streams, enhanced microbial control for biological experimentation, and control of airborne human and plant pathogens. Preliminary experimentation has demonstrated destruction of gram positive and gram negative bacteria in aqueous flowing streams using immobilized antimicrobials. It is envisioned that the materials resulting from this effort will be suitable for deployment in packed beds for use in flowing air and water streams, and as surface coating materials for control of microbial populations on solids, and in air through passive contact. For the Phase I effort, packed beds of immobilized antimicrobials will be studied for the control of endotoxin and microorganisms in aqueous streams. The potentiation of chemical disinfection will also be investigated.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The materials for improved control of the growth of microorganisms which originate from this work can be applied in a broad variety of commercial applications, including: food processing and preparation, production of pharmaceuticals, water purification for semiconductor fabrication, and use for general household hygiene.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
James R. Akse, Ph.D.
Umpqua Research Company
P.O. Box 609
Myrtle Creek , OR 97457
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Umpqua Research Company
P.O. Box 609
Myrtle Creek , OR 97457
PROJECT TITLE: Genetic Identification of Significant Microorganism Directly from Air or Water
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The need to monitor and rapidly identify the microorganisms inhabiting a spacecraft's recycled water and atmosphere is of critical importance in assessing thresholds of unacceptable contamination levels. This assessment is significantly hindered by current microbiological methods requiring culture and isolation, or molecular methods requiring prior knowledge of the target organism. The significant innovation proposed here is a method to simultaneously and without bias amplify, separate, and identify of all the genetically different microbial species directly from a single complex sample of air or water. From a single analysis, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) can provide a comprehensive survey of all the bacteria, fungi or protozoa present and a breakdown by percentage of the relative abundance of each species. Modification of the DGGE procedure will allow quantitative determination of the total number of each organism within a sample. This technology is based on amplification of a 16S rDNA fragment from all phylogenetically related bacteria within a user defined group. The level of specificity can range from all species within a kingdom to one genetically unique species. The DGGE process has the potential to be incorporated onto a microchip for rapid, automated use aboard spacecraft or for wide industrial applications.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Excellent commercial potential exists for the proposed technology to identify significant microorganisms and determine their relative abundance from indoor air or water samples. The first market targeted will be industrial hygienists. Laboratory services will be provided to the large industrial hygiene market servicing sick buildings in industry, food vendors and hospitals. After the Phase II effort, the contractor will team with a chip manufacturer to produce small, hand held devices for the rapid identification of specific airborne or aqueous microorganisms. Microbial characterizations of indoor air currently rely on culturing and isolating microorganisms. It has been well documented that less then 5% of environmental organisms can be successfully cultured; therefore, a molecular approach is needed. The contractor is currently serving the industrial hygiene market using technology developed in a previous NASA Phase II contract. However, the contractor needs the ability to more specifically identify the organisms present in the air or water sample. This proposed development has the advantage of being able to quickly and accurately characterize microorganisms from a single sample.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Stephanie Leigh Whitaker
Microbial Insights, Inc.
2340 Stock Creek Blvd.
Rockford , TN 378533044
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Microbial Insights, Inc.
2340 Stock Creek Blvd.
Rockford , TN 37853-3044
PROJECT TITLE: Noninvasive Extravascular Bubble Detector and Sizing Instrument
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate a noninvasive, in-vivo, extravascular bubble detector and sizing instrument. Bubbles in tissue are thought to be the precursors of DCS and that if the number of extravascular bubbles can be reduced by a certain operational regimen, the incidence of DCS can be reduced and other operational constraints relaxed. This is particularly important to NASA where astronauts are currently required to prebreathe on oxygen for four hours prior to entering the space suit environment. An improved understanding of DCS and how to safely minimize prebreathe time could greatly improve EVA efficiency. The proposed instrument development will build upon our past successful demonstration of a noninvasive, in-vivo intravascular bubble sizing instrument. The bubble size diameter of interest in the case of extravascular bubbles is 1 to 30 micron, and in the case of intravascular bubbles, 30 to 200 microns. This is a significant difference, and the design of the instrument will be optimized accordingly. In the Phase I project, we will optimize the instrument design, develop an in-vitro tissue phantom, and perform preliminary in-vitro testing. Phase II will focus on further optimization of the instrument and involve in-vivo testing on an animal model.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The significant commercial potential of this work is indicated by applications in the areas of monitoring of bubbles and emboli in DCS and embolism research and therapy. An improved understanding of DCS has significant cost, efficiency, and safety implications for NASA; recreational, commercial, and military diving; and military aviators. Creare plans to fully realize the commercial potential of this project through: (1) direct marketing of research bubble detection and sizing instruments to biomedical laboratories, (2) licensing of instrument designs for the clinical embolism and DCS monitoring market, and (3) licensing of proprietary instrument designs for clinical minimally invasive manometry markets.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Patrick J. Magari, Ph.D.
Creare Incorporated
PO Box 71
Hanover , NH 03755
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Creare Incorporated
P.O. Box 71, Etna Road
Hanover , NH 03755-0071
PROJECT TITLE: Portable battery operated laser diode system for minimally-invasive surgery
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Altair Center proposes to develop a portable battery operated laser diode system for minimally-invasive surgery and other applications during extended duration NASA missions. It will generate light at two different wavelengths of 980 and 810 nm performing simultaneous tissue cutting and blood coagulation. The system will operate in CW or pulsed regime with variable repetition frequency. Two versions of the system suitable for different applications will be developed: the system generating 10 W of average power delivered via a 50 micron fiber and the system generating 30W of power delivered via 100 micron fiber. Combination of a number of revolutionary new technologies incorporated in the system design provides its high performance and power efficiency. This includes power efficient laser diode operation, efficient laser-to-fiber pigtailing and laser beam combining. The portable laser diode system having a laptop computer size, build-in memory for recording information on medical procedures and convenient digital control interface is suitable for many other field applications. As a multi-use system it can also be applied for material processing, cutting and drilling, soldering, micro-welding and sintering.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The portable battery operated laser diode system which is to be developed during the project will have a universal and flexible design. It is an excellent candidate as a product in several markets, including: medical surgery, diagnostic and therapy, industrial cutting and welding, diode pump systems for parametric frequency conversion or doubling, diode pump systems for optical fiber lasers and amplifiers, etc.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Sergei Krivoshlykov
ALTAIR Center, LLC.
48-12 Briarwood Lane
Marlborough , MA 01752
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
ALTAIR Center, LLC.
48-12 Briarwood Lane
Marlborough , MA 01752
PROJECT TITLE: Thin Film Ferroelectric Cathodes for Waste Water Recovery in Spacecraft
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The recovery and reuse of wastewater produced by humans offers the greatest potential for reducing re-supply of water in the space life-support system. A number of physical/chemical/bio-regenerative processes have been considered to process humidity condensate, urine and wash water for reuse as potable water. Ozonation has been identified as an attractive method for waste water processing which can remove total organic carbon (TOC) and inorganic salts. However, ozonation has not been applied in space applications due to the high power consumption, volume, weight and maintenance associated with the present ozone generating equipment. This proposal presents a focused program to demonstrate the feasibility of a novel and highly innovative technique for generating ozone for space applications. The proposed approach uses a recently discovered phenomenon exhibited by ferroelectric oxide materials, namely the ability to emit large currents of electrons at low voltages. We propose to generate ozone using ferroelectric cathodes. The advantages of this method include low power consumption, compact configuration and low maintenance. The phase I research will involve a laboratory scale feasibility demonstration of ozone generation using ferroelectric-based electron emitters. The projected outcome is a compact, rugged and low power ozone generator for space applications.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Potential commercial applications of this innovative, highly efficient waste water recovery technology are wide spread in the areas of city and municipal water treatment plants, small home water treatment units and wastewater teatment systems. The ozone generator proposed in this proposal will also find applications in semiconductor etching systems, paint removal and various oxidation based chemical reactions. Furthermore, the ferroelectric cathodes are useful in high power devices, flat panel displays, lighting sources, and high energy accelerators.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Nalin Kumar
UHV Technologies, Inc.
113 B West Park Drive
Mount Laurel , NJ 08054
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
UHV Technologies, Inc.
113 B West Park Drive
Mount Laurel , NJ 08054
PROJECT TITLE: Recovery of Water from Concentrated Brine Using Sublmation Purification Technology
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
We propose the application of sublimation purification technology (SPT) to the recovery of water from concentrated brines which are developed from reverse osmosis and ion exchange eluents. SPT is a physical process and does not involve the consumption of any resources except energy. SPT recovers the maximum possible water because it reduces the concentrate to dry material while producing water of very high purity. Since the concentrates are separated from the solid (frozen) phase, many of the complications associated with liquid phase separation processes are eliminated. SPT may have other space flight applications. Nearly 100% of the water present in the concentrated brine will be recovered and the residual salts delivered as a dry solid. In the proposed work SPT performance data will obtained from simulated brine solutions, the feasibility of applying SPT to the space flight environment (including a system and specification) will be evaluated and space flight specific subsystem components will be tested. We propose the construction and testing of a prototype SPT system, based on the tested design developed in Phase I, capable of processing 24 lb (~11 kg) of brine solution per day in Phase II.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
SPT has been developed for extreme terrestrial applications including the purification of watersfrom evaporator bottoms bearing plutonium and uranium salts. Vortec has recently applied SPT to the production of pico-pure water and solvents for use in proprietary industrial applications. Applications to the space environment presents certain problems which are fundamental in nature to those encountered during the production of pico-pure liquids. Resolution of those problems will allow water recovery recycle and reuse systems for long duration space to operate more efficiently with greater potable water yield, and will allow SPT to be more cost effectively applied to terrestrial purification problems. Progress made under the proposed work will further develop SPT so to efficiently and inexpensively produce water having <1 part per trillion total dissolved and suspended solids. Successful completion of the Tasks disclosed in the present SBIR proposal will enable this technology to compete for a share in a market currently valued at nearly 500 M / yr. It will also allow for the production of the next generation of high purity liquids currently sought in proprietary manufacturing processes.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Nicholas V. Coppa, Ph.D
Vortec Corporation
3770 Ridge Pike
Collegeville , PA 19426
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Vortec Corporation
3770 Ridge Pike
Collegeville , PA 19426
PROJECT TITLE: Plant Harvest Mechanization System
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
ORBITEC proposes to develop a Plant Harvest Mechanization System (PHARMS) for advanced life support systems. In future Lunar or Martian bases, plants will provide all three elements needed to support human life: food, water, and air. Efficient plant biomass harvesting is one key element to enable bioregenerative life support systems for these applications. Compared to manual harvesting, mechanization of these processes will substantially reduce crew time needed while increasing the efficiency, quality, and reliability of the system. The proposed Plant Harvest Mechanization System will provide adequate throughput to handle the amount of biomass generated by plant production systems and be flexible enough to handle a variety of crops, while utilizing minimal resources such as power and volume. The PHARMS process will provide stationary multifunctional plant harvest operations, and separation and collection of edible and inedible biomass. The semi-autonomous system will be designed to operate in reduced gravity environments while providing a high level of protection for crew health and safety and will meet NASA hardware specifications. During the Phase I effort, requirements, processes, and mechanical and control system design will be integrated into a Phase I conceptual design that will be used as the baseline for a Phase II prototype.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Both space and terrestrial applications exist for the Plant Harvest Mechanization System. Applications include a multifunctional harvest system for ground-based ALSS research facilities, such as the BIO-Plex and other large scale test beds. In the long term, miniature harvesting systems could be utilized in Lunar or Mars bases as part of the overall CELSS. Terrestrial applications include the use of miniature harvesting systems in the areas of protected agriculture systems and other controlled environmental facilities which are generally used to produce fruit, vegetables, herb, ornamentals, and mushrooms. These systems, or derivatives of, would also have applications in agricultural/horticultural research for the mechanization of small research plots, and for small farms and market gardens.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Jon G. Frank
Orbital Technologies Corporation
Space Center, 1212 Fourier Drive
Madison , WI 53717
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Orbital Technologies Corporation
Space Center, 1212 Fourier Drive
Madison , WI 53717
PROJECT TITLE: Small, Low Cost, Low Power Sensor for Atmospheric Gases
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Intelligent Optical Systems, Inc. (IOS), proposes developing a novel sensor system with built-in artificial intelligence for monitoring atmospheric gases. Our system will feature a miniaturized, lightweight, low power, battery-operated sensor array and hybrid neural network signal processing hardware. We estimate that the system, which will also offer wireless communication, will be smaller than a typical household smoke detector. The sensors will be based on porous optical waveguides, which will serve as an immobilization substrate for chemical indicator dyes. These sensors will measure various gas concentrations and other parameters spectroscopically, with very high sensitivities. Several different sensors can be incorporated into a single integrated optical chip so that oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water vapor can be measured simultaneously. The proposed system will use neural network hardware to achieve highly accurate results. The system will also be self-calibrating, so that changes in pressure and temperature affecting waveguide properties will not affect the accuracy of sensor results.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed technology has the potential to result in an inexpensive and reliable sensor for an important set of gases. Such a technology could be used in many places where such detectors are currently too expensive engines, diving suits, gas masks, office buildings, and hospitals, for example.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Shannon Campbell, Ph.D.
Intelligent Opticals Systems, Inc.
2520 W. 237th Stret
Torrance , CA 90505-5217
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Intelligent Optical Systems, Inc.
2520 W. 237th Street
Torrance , CA 90505-5217
PROJECT TITLE: Biomass Slurry Production
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The inedible portion of plant biomass (i.e., hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin) in closed regenerative life support systems must be reprocessed. Umpqua Research Company?s original NASA SBIR Phase I experimental efforts have demonstrated pumpable high solids biomass slurries of up to 27 wt%. The proposed Phase I effort significantly differs from the previously funded Phase I effort as this is an advanced equipment application which will be explored to continuously produce hydrolyzed biomass slurries. The primary advantage of an acid hydrolysis process is the substantially improved ease of pumping with either progressive cavity or piston pumps. For this advanced applications program, it is proposed to develop a continuous combined process for the simultaneous acid hydrolysis and pumping of wheat, potato, tomato, and soybean crop residues. This effort will provide the operating demonstration of a continuous combined acid hydrolysis pretreatment and pump system (e.g., extruder) where acid hydrolysis occurs within the pumping system itself. The principal advantage of the proposed technology is that a high solids slurry can be pumped directly into a high or low pressure reactor for further processing. Biomass slurries will be produced in barrel quantities and made available for future testing by NASA, academic institutions, or industry.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The primary commercial application by the Federal Government will be for the pretreatment of inedible crop biomass in reclamation systems supporting long duration space missions such as a Lunar base, or a Mars mission. The proposed research will result in the development of a compact and reliable biomass pretreatment/pumping system for biomass reprocessing that can be operated in terrestrial, hypogravity, and microgravity environments.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Carlos Figueroa, P.E.
Umpqua Research Company
P.O. Box 609
Myrtle Creek , OR 97457
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Umpqua Research Company
P.O. Box 609
Myrtle Creek , OR 97457
PROJECT TITLE: Ultrasonic Bubble Separator
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Ultrasonic separation of micro bubbles suspended in Life Support water streams is proposed. This technology will allow the efficient separation of suspended gas bubbles in micro gravity without the need for large pressure drops required by membrane filters or the large amounts of electrical power required by centripetal separators. An efficient, compact bubble separator that can be conveniently placed at any point in a liquid process is the desired aim of this work.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
A significant commercial application for this technology is as flight hardware for use in a NASA Life Support system, such as aboard the planned Space Station or a Moon base. Separation of gas bubbles from aqueous process streams is a requirement in many industrial, medical, and scientific applications. Industrial applications include micro bubble separation from ultra pure water used for semiconductor rinse, and CO2 removal from biological process streams used in the biopharmaceutical industry. Medical applications include the gas free generation of sterile water for injection. Scientific applications include the removal of air bubbles from analytical streams prior to on-line spectrophotometric analysis. These are only a few specific commercial applications. In general, simple, efficient, non intrusive, cost effective separation of a gas from an aqueous stream represents a significant technological improvement over existing technologies.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Richard R. Wheeler, Jr.
Umpqua Research Company
P.O. Box 609
Myrtle Creek , OR 97457
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Umpqua Research Company
P.O. Box 609
Myrtle Creek , OR 97457
PROJECT TITLE: Fiber Optic Ammonia Sensor
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This proposed program is directed towards development and evaluation of a fiber optic sensor for detection of ammonia in the 100 ppb - 500 ppm range. The sensor technology is based on immobilized triphenylmethane dyes which serve as the chemical transducer. The advantage of this approach over standard techniques is that no additives are required to promote the reaction between ammonia and the triphenylmethane dye. This is expected to lead to sensors with long-term stability and operational simplicity. The triphenylmethane dyes will react reversibly with ammonia yielding adducts which exhibit an absorption spectrum different from the pure triphenylmethane dye. These changes in the absorption spectrum will provide a mechanism for sensing ammonia. These changes will be detected via an evanescent wave interaction. This technology will be able to be implemented in a multisite distributed sensor network.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Successful completion of Phase I will result in identification of preferred components to be incorporated into a reversible fiber optic sensor for ammonia detection. This sensor will find use in spacecraft life support systems, at chemical plants, waste treatment facilities and power generation plants where ammonia is used or produced. The technology will also be potentially applicable to ammonia refrigerant leak detection.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Michael T. Carter
Eltron Research Inc
5660 Airport Blvd #105
Boulder , CO 80301-2340
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Eltron Research Inc
5660 Airport Blvd #105
Boulder , CO 80301-2340
PROJECT TITLE: Rotating Electrolytic Cell for In-Situ Water System Sterilization
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The proposed program is directed towards the development of a compact, "reagentless" technology for the efficient sterilization of spacecraft potable water systems through the in-situ electrolytic generation of hydrogen peroxide. This technology will rely on a novel rotating drum electrolytic cell employing a solid polymer electrolyte and new variants of cathode electrocatalysts recently developed at Eltron Research, Inc. The hydrogen peroxide produced will act as a short lived, noncorrosive biocide. The addition of low concentrations of cupric ion will be used to enhance the disinfectant power of the hydrogen peroxide, after which the cupric ions will be removed by reduction to copper metal. The technology will be compatible with spacecraft operation as it will be physically compact, robust, energy efficient, relatively immune to the effects of low gravity, will not require consumables, and will be an add-on for existing systems.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The technology should find application in industries requiring sterilization or low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. These include aqueous recirculation systems such as water purification and filtration units used in many industries, biofouling inhibition/removal in heat exchangers and cooling tower loops used extensively in the petrochemical and power generation industries, and sanitation for hospitals and the biotechnology industries. The technology will also have application in water purification and wastewater treatment through hydrogen peroxide promoted advanced oxidation processes
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Patrick I. James
Eltron Research Inc
5660 Airport Blvd #105
Boulder , CO 80301-2340
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Eltron Research Inc
5660 Airport Blvd #105
Boulder , CO 80301-2340
PROJECT TITLE: Direct Ambient Temperature Carbon Dioxide Management System
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The proposed program addresses advanced electrocatalysis for the direct conversion of carbon dioxide into separated methane and oxygen under ambient temperature conditions. This technology will have application in an advanced life support system for carbon dioxide atmospheric control in manned spacecraft. This will be performed by adapting a unique cathode electrocatalysis strategy identified at Eltron for selectivity promoting the subject reaction. Once fully developed , the proposed technical strategy will replace both the Sabatier reaction and subsequent water electrocatalysis steps currently used for spacecraft atmospheric carbon dioxide control. This approach will be simpler, more efficient and less expensive than the current strategy.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Optimization and characterization of this proposed electrochemical technology will lead to the high rate and efficient conversion of carbon dioxide to methane as a key component in spacecraft atmospheric control systems. The overall technology will also have technical commercial applications for the direct conversion of carbon dioxide to useful fuels and chemicals.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Ella F. Spiegel
Eltron Research Inc
5660 Airport Blvd #105
Boulder , CO 80301-2340
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Eltron Research Inc
5660 Airport Blvd #105
Boulder , CO 80301-2340
PROJECT TITLE: Pyrolysis Processing for Solid Waste Resource Recovery in Space
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The NASA objective of expanding the human experience into the far reaches of space will require the development of regenerable life support systems. A key element of these systems is a means for solid waste resource recovery. The technology being addressed in this proposal is the use of pyrolysis processing for solid waste recovery, a technique that has been extensively studied at Advanced Fuel Research, Inc. (AFR) and Brown University, a subcontractor. The objective of the Phase I program is to demonstrate the feasibility of pyrolysis processing as the primary method for the conversion of solid waste materials in space. This work would be accomplished in five tasks in Phase I: 1) specification and characterization of a model waste stream; 2) design and construction of a pyrolysis reactor system; 3) pyrolysis reactor testing for data collection and analysis; 4) characterization of solid residues; 5) Phase II prototype design. Under Phase II, a prototype waste pyrolysis system would be developed and delivered to NASA. This program will demonstrate that pyrolysis processing meets the requirements of solid waste resource recovery in space, i.e., it produces usable byproducts, with minimal side products, can be tailored to meet changes in the feedstock composition and the product requirements, significantly reduces storage volume, requires low maintenance, and is compatible with the utilities that are present on board a spacecraft (electricity and small amounts of O2 and H2O).
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
In the near term, the technology would have applications to solid waste resource recovery problems in remote areas such as underdeveloped countries, oil production platforms, submarines, ships, military operations, etc., analogous to the uses for NASA technology developed for water purification. In the long term, the technology could be integrated with fuel cells and have widespread business or residential use for solid waste removal and resource recovery.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Yonggang Chen
Advanced Fuel Research, Inc.
87 Church Street
East Hartford , CT 06108-3742
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Advanced Fuel Research, Inc.
87 Church Street
East Hartford , CT 06108-3742
PROJECT TITLE: Intelligent Assistance for Activity Planning in Space Facilities
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
We propose to develop intelligent software that assists a crew in planning activities while living in habitats like BIOPlex, Mars Transhab, and International Space Station. Progress has been made in developing autonomous planning and scheduling technology. The next step in fielding this technology in space applications is addressing how a crew can make effective use of such automated reasoning. Our approach is to integrate existing planning and scheduling reasoners with intelligent user interface software that assists the crew in using these reasoners. This requires developing new intelligent interface software that mediates crew interaction with a planner, a scheduler, and a plan executor (e.g., 3T architecture). This interface software will enable mixed-initiative interaction between the crew and these specialized reasoners. In such interaction the crew is responsible for plan generation and the intelligent interface assists the crew in allocating tasks to the reasoners and in understanding task results. This approach makes the crew more autonomous from operations support, which reduces operation costs and accommodates the communication delays and blackouts common in space exploration. This approach also gives the crew control of activity planning, which reduces the uncertainty of planning in complex, unpredictable space environments and makes costly plan failure less likely.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Planning and scheduling tasks are performed in a wide variety of industries, from schools and offices to manufacturing to space exploration. The types of industries that would benefit most from intelligent software assistance in performing these tasks are industries where resources are valuable and need to be coordinated among diverse groups of users. By managing the resources effectively and guaranteeing robust, viable schedules, industries can realize significant cost savings and smoothly run operations. Some of the target industries that can benefit from an intelligent interactive planning and scheduling system include:1. Facilities Management (hospitals, education and training, space operations) 2. Plant Operations (chemical, pharmaceuticals, food processing, manufacturing, assembly) 3. Transportation Systems (airlines, delivery systems, public transportation systems) 4. Strategic Planning (military operations, project planning, space exploration)
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Debra Schreckenghost
Metrica Inc.
1012 Hercules
Houston , TX 77058
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Metrica Inc.
10010 San Pedro, Suite 400
San Antonio , TX 78216-3856
PROJECT TITLE: An In Vitro Edible Muscle Protein Production System
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The novel in vitro Edible Muscle Protein Production System (MPPS) concept is designed to answer the human need for animal protein food in the Space voyager's diet. A successful MPPS will provide a palatable and reliable source of animal protein on prolonged missions lasting 3-5 years or longer and enhance crew morale, performance and productivity. The experimental concept includes an assessment of feasibility of recycling anticipated organic wastes generated during human tenure in Space into useable components of MPPS culture media. The Phase I effort will concentrate on producing fish muscle constructs in vitro engineered to yield products as close to in vivo as possible. Culture, molding and cooking techniques will be employed to this end. A test panel of fish eaters will evaluate the suitability of the experimental products. Phase II research will expand the effort to fowl and mammalian muscle constructs. This work will also impact on NASA's interest (08.01) in "tissue engineering systems which take advantage of microgravity to grow 3-D tissue constructs".
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
MPPS produced products will meld easily into the rapidly growing "organic/natural" food industry since production of the end product is more tightly controlled than is current commercial meat production in vivo. Those advocating zero slaughter of animals are also a rapdily growing population for MPPS products. Military, peace-keeping and other operations in remote areas, where re-supply is difficult, will provide customers for MPPS-type devices and facilities. The MPPS concept has applications in human biomedical tissue engineering, as well.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
M.A. Benjaminson, Ph.D.
North Star Research (NSR)
125 Dare Road
Selden , NY 11784
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
North Star Research (NSR)
125 Dare Road
Selden , NY 11784
PROJECT TITLE: Advanced Flight Visualization Toolkit
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The Advanced Flight Visualization Toolkit (AFVT) project will develop a suite of virtual reality immersive telepresence software tools which combine the real-time abilities of a flight simulator with the data density of a Geographic Information System (GIS). This technology will be used for virtual reality training of crews, analysis of flight test data, and as an on-board immersive situation display. It will also find application as a virtual cockpit, and in teleoperation of remotely piloted vehicles. AFVT will enhance the ability of operators to interact with large amounts of multidimensional data using the most natural paradigm available: 3D immersion. This operator/data interaction technology will be an advancement comparable to the invention of the Heads-Up Display (HUD). AFVT will move the HUD into the 3rd dimension. As a simplified user interface, it will fuse real-time 3D displays of terrain with digital maps, satellite data, vehicles, flight paths, and waypoints. This unique and innovative approach will build upon recent software technology research and development from Rapid Imaging Software. It will provide component-wise access to this technology using the Windows COM (ATL) model. Finally, AFVT will permit NASA engineers to construct and deploy their own immersive multidimensional display applications on Windows-based computer platforms.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
· Aircraft cockpit enhancement· Air Safety Analysis · Search and Rescue / Enhanced 911 Services
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Michael F. Abernathy
Rapid Imaging Software, Inc.
1318 Ridgecrest Place S.E.
Albuquerque , NM 87108
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Rapid Imaging Software, Inc.
1318 Ridgecrest Place S.E.
Albuquerque , NM 87108
PROJECT TITLE: An Integrated Methodology for Evaluating Space Suit Mobility and Stability
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
NASA SBIR Solicitation 98-1 emphasizes that ?Advanced extravehicular activity (EVA) systems are necessary for the successful support of future human space missions.? Topic 09.05 recognizes that development of advanced EVA systems depends on ?methods for... analysis of human performance.? Thus, development of advanced Space suits requires methods for functional evaluation of the Space suit as an EVA system (i.e., including crewmember, tools and equipment, worksites and tasks). Mobility and stability are key criteria that influence the functional efficacy of this system. The result of Phase I will be a feasible plan for development of an innovative methodology that can be used to evaluate Space-suit mobility and stability in operationally-relevant EVA tasks using existing and planned NASA facilities. The innovation that will be delivered at the end of Phase II will be comprised of (a) new methods that address human-in-the-loop detectability and stabilizability of Space-suit motion; (b) integration of new and existing methods in a cost-effective methodology for evaluating Space-suit mobility and stability; and (c) recommendations about use of the innovation by NASA personnel for ground-based evaluation and rapid prototyping of Space suits to support future EVA operations.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
? Development and evaluation of stability and mobility characteristics of terrestrial pressurized suits for civilian hazardous material and biological isolation applications and for military NBC (Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical weapons) protective gear.? Development and evaluation of stability and mobility characteristics of Firefighting suits for civilian and military applications ? Development and evaluation of stability and mobility characteristics of launch and entry suits for space flight ? Development and evaluation of stability and mobility characteristics of wet/dry suits used for civilian and military underwater operations
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
P. Vernon McDonald
Nascent Technologies Limited
15806 Spring Forest Drive
Houston , TX 77059-3809
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Nascent Technologies Limited
15806 Spring Forest Drive
Houston , TX 77059-3809
PROJECT TITLE: A Freeze Tolerant Radiator
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Radiators are used to reject the heat generated by a spacecraft?s life support system. Unfortunately, the heat loads are not constant and, in the cold environment of space, the radiators will sometimes freeze during low loads and then thaw and operate at their maximum heat rejection rate. The International Space Station radiators use thick walled tubes to resist the very high stresses generated during the freeze/thaw cycle. In order to greatly reduce the weight, TDA Research, Inc. (TDA) proposes a radiator which will not burst on freezing, and which weighs substantially less than the current model. TDA has identified several approaches to accommodate the volume change in the freeze/thaw cycle which will not generate high stresses (to minimize the tube wall weight). TDA will test several approaches in Phase I and select one for Phase II. Using the Trans-Hab for the Mars mission as a reference configuration, TDA will also prepare a conceptual design of the radiator that is indicative of the requirements of radiators in future spacecraft.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
TDA has identified several approaches to accommodate the volume change in the freeze/thaw cycle which will not generate high stresses (to minimize the tube wall weight). TDA will test several approaches in Phase I and select one for Phase II. Using the Trans-Hab for the Mars mission as a reference configuration, TDA will also prepare a conceptual design of the radiator that is indicative of the requirements of radiators in future spacecraft.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Robert J. Copeland
TDA Research, Inc.
12345 W. 52nd Ave.
Wheat Ridge , CO 80033-1917
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
TDA Research, Inc.
12345 W. 52nd Ave.
Wheat Ridge , CO 80033-1917
PROJECT TITLE: Power Electronics and Controls for Lunar Habitat High Lift Heat Pump
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
A versatile, reliable, lightweight and very efficient (>95%) variable speed AC motor controller is proposed for use in driving vapor compression cycle high lift heat pumps directly from a photovoltaic array. Active thermal control system concepts are currently being investigated by NASA that utilize high lift heat pumps for long duration manned space travel and planetary bases in extreme thermal environments. The proposed technology, and integrated control strategy, are key elements of these new thermal control systems which promise higher performance and lower mass than current technologies. The expected results of this project are; a successful demonstration and integration of the power electronics with the NASA JSC prototype high lift vapor compression cycle heat pump, experience leading to comprehensive specifications for future space mission thermal control systems, and identification of commercial applications of the resulting technology in the refrigeration and HVAC industries (on and off-grid).
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Potential commercial applications for the resulting technology include off-grid enterprise-scale solar powered refrigeration, grid-tied thermal control systems, and high efficiency thermal control systems for the transportation industry.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Carlos Miralles
AeroVironment Inc.
222 East Huntington Drive
Monrovia , CA 91016
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
AeroVironment Inc.
222 E. Huntington Drive
Monrovia , CA 91016
PROJECT TITLE: Cryogenic Tank Analysis Program
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The thermodynamic state of the cryogenic fluid in a storage and supply system cannot readily be determined using closed-form solutions or simple iterative techniques. Detailed knowledge of the heat energy into and out of the system, fluid inflow and outflow, thermal capacity and elasticity of the storage vessel, and the thermodynamic properties of the cryogenic fluid at each instant of time are necessary. To adequately define the time-varying-cryogenic fluid state requires a complex computer code that simultaneously calculates these variables and iterates quasi-steady-state solutions at each instant of time. Technology Applications, Inc. (TAI) is proposing to develop a unique PC-based computer code that couples fluid property equations of state, heat transfer, pressure vessel structural and thermodynamic analysis. This software will provide the cryogenic systems engineer a key tool that allows him to rapidly and accurately model the behavior and performance of complex cryogenic systems that operate over the terrestrial, space, and Martian environments. The software that TAI is proposing to develop is critical to the analysis and design of the cryogenic storage and supply systems for near-term NASA programs, such as Non-Toxic OMS/RCS Upgrade, In-Situ Propellant Generation, and reusable launch vehicles.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Commercially available cryogenic system analysis programs do not exist. A personal computer based tank analysis program, with accurate fluid property routines, is essential for conducting parametric analyses necessary to effectively design complex cryogenic systems. These storage and supply systems are used in the aerospace, liquefied natural gas, transportation and medical industries.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Richard L. Jetley
Technology Applications, Inc.
5495 Arapahoe Ave., Suite 204
Boulder , CO 80303-1821
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Technology Applications, Inc.
5495 Arapahoe Ave., Suite 204
Boulder , CO 80303-1261
PROJECT TITLE: Lightweight Oxygen Tank Insulation System
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Many near term programs such as OMS upgrade and reusable launch vehicles require lightweight, reusable insulation for liquid oxygen storage and supply. Most recent work on insulation has been directed toward liquid hydrogen storage that, due to its low boiling point, generally reqires a combination of foam and purged multilayer insulation (MLI) for efficient thermal protection. Liquid oxygen has a higher boiling point and is a powerful oxidizer with severe material compatibility issues that must be considered in any insulation system design; therefore, hydrogen tank insulation is not necessarily the best system for a liquid oxygen tank. Technology Applications, Inc. (TAI) is proposing an innovative purged MLI system that provides the thermal performance, physical integrity, and reliability required for reusable liquid oxygen tank systems. The Phase I focus will be to develop and demonstrate the techniques for analyzing, designing, fabricating, and installing purged MLI blankets on a liquid oxygen tank. This will result in a lightweight insulation system that is easy to fabricate and install, provides consistent thermal performance during ground hold and on-orbit operation, and exhibits structural integrity under launch loads and ground-to-orbit transition.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
This insulation system is critical to many near-term NASA programs such as the Non-Toxic Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS)/Reaction Control System (RCS), In-Situ Propellant Generation, and reusable launch vehicles. The petroleum industry needs this type of efficient, long-life, and minimum maintenance insulation for long-distance transfer of liqufied natural gas (LNG) for their ground and underwater applications.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Scott Willen
Technology Applications, Inc.
5495 Arapahoe Ave., Suite 204
Boulder , CO 80303-1261
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Technology Applications, Inc.
5495 Arapahoe Ave., Suite 204
Boulder , CO 80303-1261
PROJECT TITLE: New Materials for Cryogenic Couplings
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
A newly invented process (patent pending) permits metal surfaces to be treated with additive materials that provide super-alloyed surfaces, hard and high-wear surfaces, thermal barrier coatings, oxidation-resistant coatings, and high-temperature-melting-point surfaces. This process has demonstrated capability of producing a chosen alloy or refractory of a specified thickness on several substrate materials. The resulting surface is nonporous and crack-free. The metallurgical bond of the alloy resists all attempts at delamination or peeling and can accommodate a wide range of temperatures and coefficients-of-expansion. Therefore, one can provide a permanent, thin layer of protective material over substrate materials. The innovation is entitled "Laser Induced Surface Improvement", or LISI. Many materials of interest have been used in two years of research and demonstration. LISI permits the cryogenic system designer to select base metals for their mechanical properties (strength, weight, etc.), as well as cost, without regard to surface-interface properties. It is no longer necessary for a system component to be constructed from heavy, expensive, or scarce material when only the surface interface with the hostile environment is critical. Unlike many other "coatings", the LISI process requires little surface preparation, needs no special environment for application, and is environmentally friendly.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The technology offered permits the development of surface alloys that are unique compositions of elements and surface structures. This process offers surface alloys that cannot be generated by any other method. Robust sealing couplings can have surfaces that are sufficiently hard to prevent scratching, yet be compatible with cryogenic fuels/oxidizers and cryogenic temperatures. The technologies to be developed and demonstrated in this SBIR will first be focused on the U.S. market to provide U.S. industry with a competitive edge.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Michael A. Riley
Surface Treatment Technologies, Inc.
207 Big Springs Avenue
Tullahoma , TN 37388
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Surface Treatment Technologies, Inc.
207 Big Springs Avenue
Tullahoma , TN 37388
PROJECT TITLE: Tank Gauging in Low Gravity by Dynamical (e.g., Acoustic or RF) Signal Analysis
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Accurately gauging liquid quantity in tanks in low and zero gravity proves difficult because surface tension forces migrate vapor roughly to tank center and away from any solid probes. Small accelerations also cause slosh states which frustrate static measurements. Gauging systems on spacecraft must also handle cryogens accurately (and not, for example, add any significant heat to cryotanks). Foster-Miller proposes to combine its patented Dynamical Instruments nonlinear analysis with an acoustic or radio frequency resonant mode sensor. Existing efforts have correlated liquid volume roughly with resonant frequency. Unfortunately, slosh states and varying vapor-liquid orientations prevent conventional linear signal analysis from attaining useful accuracies. We propose to use Foster-Miller's dynamic nonlinear signal analysis methods to extract liquid quantity accurately (at least within ~5% with the acoustic method, possibly better with rf) from the irregular dynamics of sensor signals which result from liquid movement and changes in orientation with acceleration. Phase I will demonstrate concept feasibility through laboratory testing at room temperature with an air-water tank designed to simulate zero gravity fluid orientations. Based on obtained results, Phase II will pursue the advanced development of a real-time instrument suitable for demonstration and use with cryotanks in low gravity.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Accurate cryotank gauging will give NASA better information and thus better control of flight planning. Inexpensive, accurate, and non-invasive acoustic versions will benefit commercial automobiles and aircraft fuel gauging and industrial tankage, expecially of corrosive liquids.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Thomas W. Lovell
Foster-Miller, Inc.
350 Second Avenue
Waltham , MA 02154
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Foster-Miller, Inc.
350 Second Avenue
Waltham , MA 02154
PROJECT TITLE: Low-Gravity Cryogenic Liquid Acquisition Device
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
A new design approach is proposed for partial communication liquid acquisition devices (LADs) with window screens for cryogenic applications. These "start-basket" devices differ from total communication devices in that liquid is retained in an auxiliary reservoir to make up for evaporation and liquid usage while the device is not in contact with liquid in the tank. Previous attempts to demonstrate start-basket LADs with cryogens were unsuccessful because critical design criteria had been neglected. Preliminary work has identified additional criteria, which will be developed further and used to design, fabricate, and demonstrate a new start-basket LAD design capable of working with cryogens. Phase I will demonstrate the concepts in 1-g, using high vapor pressure ambient fluids to simulate cryogens. Phase II will demonstrate a device with cryogens in a l-g environment, as well as with an ambient fluid under simulated low-g conditions. Partial acquisition devices with window screens can offer significant advantages with respect to reduced size and weight. Successful implementation of these devices has the potential for improving the performance (by reducing weight) and simplifying operations of all aerospace vehicles that use cryogenic propellants in a low or zero-g environment.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Potential applications include: VentureStar, Shuttle OMS upgrades, orbital-transfer vehicles, Mars missions, and other spacecraft applications requiring cryogenic propellant acquisition in low gravity. Specific commercial aerospace applications include use on future communications satellites which may use cryogenic propellants or two-phase cooling systems which require vapor free, liquid acquisition of a high vapor pressure fluid in zero-g.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Mark A. Wollen
Innovative Engineering Solutions
7909 Silverton Ave. Suite 201
San Diego , CA 92126-6347
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Innovative Engineering Solutions
7909 Silverton Ave. Suite 201
San Diego , CA 92126-6347
PROJECT TITLE: Polyimide Aerogels as Cryrogenic Insulation Materials
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
In Phase I Aspen System proposes to demonstrate the feasibility of improving the insulating properties of polyimide foams by preparing microcellular, polyimide aerogels. Conventional polyimide foams (millimeter cell sizes) have been used as insulating material for cyrogenic fuel tanks and shown to have a low thermal conductivity, are fire resistant, produce non-toxic degradation products, and are thermally stable at hypersonic flight environments. Aerogels are a special class of open pore microcellular foams derived from the supercritical drying of inorganic or organic gels. These materials are characterized by an extremely low density, ultrafine pore size, continuous porosity, high surface area, and a microstructure composed of interconnected colloidal-like particles or polymeric chains. One of the most promising applications for aerogels is their use as thermal insulation. The large thermal resistance of aerogels is attributed to the small cell size and high porosity of the cellular network, which consequently has a very small thermal conductivity. In Phase II the polyimides will be optimized to produce a robust aerogel material that can be used as a cryogenic insulation on reusable launch vehicles.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The successful completion of this project will identify polymeric materials that will be excellent insulation materials for cryogenic and high temperature applications. The materials will be mechanically robust, lightweight, and have applications for use in reusable launch vehicles, as well as many other applications where polyimide foam insulation is currently used.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Wendell E. Rhine, Ph.D.
Aspen Systems, Inc.
184 Cedar Hill Street
Marlborough , Ma 01752
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Aspen Systems, Inc.
184 Cedar Hill Street
Marlborough , MA 01752
PROJECT TITLE: Nitrous Oxide Based Oxygen Supply System
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The Nitrous Oxide Based Oxygen Supply System (NOBOSS) is a method for storing oxygen and nitrogen for EVA breathing and mobility. Nitrous oxide, N2O, is a common storable chemical that potentially could be used as a convenient, low cost, lightweight, safe and reliable source of oxygen and nitrogen. A nitrous oxide atmosphere supply would have the following advantages: easier storage with greater density at much lower pressure, no cryogenic insulation problems, longer duration oxygen supplies with less weight, and much lower fire hazard than compressed or liquid oxygen. In the NOBOSS, nitrous oxide is decomposed via heating in a catalytic reactor, and as the decomposition is exothermic, the N2O will continue to decompose without further energy input. The NOBOSS can be used to supply breathing gas to existing 4.3 psi space suits by employing an air separation membrane or molecular sieve to eliminate the nitrogen. The waste nitrogen could then provide propellant gas for an MMU. Alternatively, the 2/3 nitrogen, 1/3 oxygen gas mixture produced by N2O dissociation is the ideal gas supply for an 8 psi space suit. In addition, expansion of stored liquid N2O produces cold gas that can be used to help cool a spacesuit.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
There are many potential commercial application of nitrous oxide based oxygen supply systems. The greatest advantage in using this system would be that of lower weight and longer duration breathing supplies. A nitrous oxide based oxygen supply system would provide an excellent source of long duration breathable atmosphere for space suits and for the cabins of spacecraft for long duration flights. Other commercial applications would be for fire fighters and hazardous material personnel who would benefit by having much lighter weight tanks to carry around which contained a greater supply of oxygen. Scuba divers who do not descend below 100 feet, but need to spend considerable time underwater, would also be potential beneficiaries of this system.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Robert Zubrin
Pioneer Astronautics
445 Union Blvd., Suite 125
Lakewood , CO 80228
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Pioneer Astronautics
445 Union Blvd., Suite 125
Lakewood , CO 80228
PROJECT TITLE: Highly Reliable Piezoelectric Pump
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The specific proposed innovation is a compact, reliable, high volume liquid pump driven by piezoelectric crystals. NASA needs this pump to circulate coolant in life support systems used in space suites for extravehicular operations. Reliability is high because (1) there are no sliding or dynamic seals, and (2) the pump is so compact that a backup pump could be installed in the suit?s backpack if desired. High flow capacity leads to improved cooling for increased human comfort in the space environment. The overall objective is to fabricate, test, and deliver a prototype coolant pump to NASA for integration into a functional EVA system. The objectives of Phase I are to prove feasibility by fabricating and testing a model piezoelectric drive system.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
There are commercial applications for the compact, high capacity, efficient cooling pump in medicine, occupational safety and health, and electronics. The piezoelectric pump can reduce the weight and increase the reliability of portable, actively cooled garments used for therapy and to relieve heat stress at the workplace. Therapeutic applications include treatment of the symptoms of a range of disorders that include multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, spinal cord injuries, and diseases that prevent perspiration. Compact, actively cooled garments can be used in chemical plants, utility and power plants, and HAZMAT operations. The piezoelectric pump can be used in compact cooling systems for high power electronics in both commercial and defense applications.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Michael G. Izenson
Creare Incorporated
P.O. Box 71, Etna Road
Hanover , NH 03755
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Creare Incorporated
P.O. Box 71, Etna Road
Hanover , NH 03755-0071
PROJECT TITLE: Multiple Physiological Variables Monitored Non-Invasively from a Single Site
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The proposed research is focused on a virtual instrument version of a system that acquires multiple variables of meaningful, clinically-relevant physiological data from a single location on the human body in an unobtrusive, non-invasive manner. Heart rate and pulse oximetry have achieved almost universal monitoring status in both hospital and non-hospital settings; however, the monitoring of continuous core temperatures has not received widespread use mainly because of measurement site problems with oral and rectal probes. NASA continues to have an unmet need for continuously monitoring core temperatures in the unencumbered crewmember, especially during EVA and exercise. The development of infrared techniques for the intermittent measurement of tympanic membrane temperature together with miniaturized multi-variable sensor systems which can be worn comfortably in the ear of an ambulatory subject. Significant innovations are required to measure continuous core temperature, miniaturize the sensors, and provide for simultaneous data acquisition without interference. The proposed effort will provide NASA with a virtual instrument based upon an extension of the technology described in U.S. Patent 5,673,692.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Hospitals, free-standing surgicenters, sub-acute care units, nursing homes, and ambulances are all potential customers for products derived from the proposed research. In additiont to solving an unmet need for NASA in monitoring core temperature and oxygen saturation, the system will also serve specialized markets in clinical sleep laboratories and basic research laboratories. A recent drop in the number of hospital beds has been accompanied by a rise in alternative care facilities. In 1994, two independent marketing studies established that the demand for the proposed product exists. The studies found that nurses were most enthusiastic about the concept. It was also found that physician attitudes were cautious in some areas while encouraging in others based upon the limited description that they were given. The "virtual intrument" will enable further testing of the concept and its acceptability in the clinical marketplace. The proposed research will be incorporated into the virtual instrument which will be used to develop a line of products that best meet the demands of the healthcare industry.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Arthur E. Schulze
Healthcare Technology Group, Inc.
6901 Corporate Dr., Suite 111
Houston , TX 77036
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Healthcare Technology Group, Inc.
6901 Corporate Dr., Suite 111
Houston , TX 77036
PROJECT TITLE: Synthetic Muscle with Large Force and Range
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The intent of this proposal is to develop a synthetic muscle electromechanical actuator which is capable of large amplitude deformation (up to 30% in the direction of motion) and substantial force (0.6 lbs per square cm of perpendicular cross section at 65 volts). In addition, the actuator will be extremely lightweight (density about 1g/cc), vacuum compatible, capable of high speed proportional response, and mass manufacturable in sizes ranging from the Phase I prototype ( 0.6 cubic mm) to very large devices (> 1 cuft). The actuator is made of metallized plastic. In Phase I we will construct a prototype using VLSI techniques as well as identify non-VLSI mass production methods for use in Phase II.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The actuator, which may also serve as a sensor or generator, would be an enabling element in ultra-lightweight robotic, optical, fluid control, and haptic interface systems. Specific applications include: valve actuators, solenoid replacements, manipulator and locomotion drivers for autonomous robotic and microrobotic systems, endoscope steering mechanisms, mechanical scan drivers for ultrasound imaging, positioning drivers for optical interconnect elements, drivers for optical surface configuration in adaptive optics, tactile feedback mechanisms in haptic interfaces, and ul- timately active prostheses. The actuator's ability to simultaneously sense and effect motion is a significant control benefit in all the applications.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Michael A. Pennington
IntIntegrated Electronic Innovations
310 N. Dixon Ave.
Cary , NC 27513
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Integrated Electronic Innovations inc.
310 N.Dixon Ave
Cary , NC 27513
PROJECT TITLE: Eye Tracking and Image Overlay for Improved Telerobotic Immersion
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Metrica's proposes to augment existing telerobotic interfaces with dual eye position control to independently control left and right vergence angles of a binocular camera system. This enhancement, coupled with an anthropomorphically-correct 6-DOF camera manipulator and a stereoscopic HMD, promises to alleviate most of the eye strain and nausea associated with fixed vergence camera systems. An additional improvement proposed is one that overlays the live video signals with graphics that are extracted from the observed scene. Edge detection and structured visual cues will present more information about the remote surroundings when the environment is visually occluded by dust particles or low light conditions. The proposed enhancements combine to offer a greater level of immersion with a telerobotic interface that is presently available with extant systems.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The commercial prospects for these technologies are numerous. As a complete system, the most notable applications are in space-based NASA extra-vehicular activity operations and in underwater inspection or ship salvage. Individual components of the total system can be offered as complete products, contributing further marketing potential. The 6-DOF camera base itself is a likely product alongside other PTV heads with lesser features. Combining the head tracker, HMD, and dual eye trackers creates a product that would find use in virtual reality and computer gaming applications, along with some unique applications not possible with current technology.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Bryn Wolfe
Metrica
1012 Hercules Drive
Houston , TX 77058-2722
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Metrica Inc.
10010 San Pedro, Suite 400
San Antonio , TX 78216-3856
PROJECT TITLE: Field Emission Cathodes from Aligned Arrays of Carbon Nanotubes
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Manufacturable technology for producing field emission cathodes from arrays of uniform and aligned carbon nanotubes will be developed. The approach is based on the templated synthesis of carbon nanotube arrays of very high, up to 10E12 cm-2, density. The uniqueness of this project is the growth of carbon nanotubes in the pores in the self-organized nanotemplates. Resulting arrays of carbon nanotubes will be compatible with the existing microfabrication technologies, therefore offering unique potential for integration of carbon nanotubes into displays, devices and circuits. Proposed technology will provide unmatched cost-effectiveness, and manufacturability, and can enable numerous application for field emitters based on carbon nanotubes, including those requiring high specific power. Phase I will establish the proof-of-concept. Phase II will extensively evaluate and optimize the technology and produce prototype devices. Phase III will commercialize the technology.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Proposed aligned arrays of carbon nanotubes can be readily used in a wide range of materilas and devices for magnetic, optical, and electronic application, including cold cathode field emitters with low operating voltage. Together with cost-effectiveness of production, efficiency, and emission current stability, the technology can spur new applications in vacuum microelectronics, flat panel displays, communications, electron emission sources for small electrostatic thrusters, batteries and capacitors, MEMS devices and sensors, nanoelectronics, and lubricated coatings.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dmitri Routkevitch, Ph.D.
Nanomaterials Research Corp.
2620 Trade Center Avenue
Longmont , CO 80503
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Nanomaterials Research Corp.
2620 Trade Center Avenue
Longmont , CO 80503
PROJECT TITLE: Diamond/Carbon-Nanotube Structures
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Composite structure encompassing carbon nanotubes and diamond has recently attracted attention due to the promising electronic and structural properties. Such a structure has not been realized experimentally so far and has been studied only by theoretical simulations, taking into account experimental data for individual components. Due to the electrical properties of nanotubes and negative electron affinity of the wide-band-gap diamond, it is expected that the diamond coated nanotubes could be an ideal material for highly efficient electron sources. Theoretical simulations have shown that the composite structure made of nanotubes and diamond matrix would be a high modulus, low density material, stable to shear and other distortions. Both structures might prove useful for applications in a variety of spacecraft systems and components. In response to the NASA-SBIR 98 Program Solicitation, the MER Corporation, in collaboration with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, proposes this program to develop the experimental procedure for the formation of diamond/carbon nanotube structures.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
At this moment, at the very beginning of the development of proposed diamond/carbon-nanotube composite structures, it could be anticipated that the diamond coated carbon nanotubes have a strong marketing potential in the domain of different electron field emitters and electron sources in electronic industry, for cathode ray tubes, flat panel displays, very large display boards, signalization equipment, etc. The composite structure based on carbon nanotubes and diamond matrix have application potential for small-size heavy load construction elements, scratch-resistant, impact resistant and projectile penetration resistant panels, multi-layered structures and coatings.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Stevan Dimitrijevic
MER Corporation
7960 S. Kolb Rd.
Tucson , AZ 85706
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
MER Corporation
7960 S. Kolb Rd.
Tucson , AZ 85706
PROJECT TITLE: Advanced CNC Manufacturing of Composite Thermal Protection Systems for Earth/Planetary Aerocapture and Entry
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This project will develop a new method for manufacturing ablative heat-shield systems for hypersonic aerobrakes, planetary entry vehicles, and high-speed tactical missiles. NASA has an ambitious program defined for robotic and human exploration of space. Today's TPS manufacturing for such missions is based on technology from the 1960's. For suitable ablative materials, today's manufacturing process involves either: 1) bonded-on and filled honeycomb; or 2) machined and bonded tiles. Both approaches are labor-intensive and costly, and produce heat shields with less than optimal performance. In Phase I, we will verify and demonstrate the feasibility of the new "SCBA" manufacturing process for heat shields which is highly automated and is based on a CAD/CAM approach with CNC laser milling. This process requires flexible elastomeric charring ablators, and two multi-member families of materials are now available: 1) NBR/phenolic ablators for high heating rates above 500 Btu/ft2-sec; and 2) filled-silicone ablators for heating rates that can be as high as approximately 500 Btu/ft2-sec.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The technical results of this project have excellent and far-reaching commercial applications. Today, there is a significant shortage of ablative-heat-shield systems to meet near-term needs of NASA, Department of Defense and the aerospace industry. There is a broad range of thermal environments for which protection is needed, and this generates the requirement for a family system. A successful Phase I and Phase II should result in commercial production of a range of heat shield products, and these might be supplied both as manufactured heat-shield subassemblies or as heat shield "kits."
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
William M. Congdon
Applied Research Associates, Inc.
5941 S. Middlefield Road, Suite 100
Littleton , CO 80123
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Applied Research Associates Inc
4300 San Mateo Blvd., NE, Suite A-220
Albuquerque , NM 87110
PROJECT TITLE: Lignin-Silicate Corrosion Inhibiting Primers
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
A water-borne lignin-silicate primer/coating system is described that promises to significantly inhibit corrosion of the important base metals iron and aluminum. The key to this technology is the use of sol gel chemistry to prepare the corrosion inhibiting primer. The well known quinoidal, catecholic, and phenolic groups of lignin provide the corrosion inhibition. The proposed technology is especially attractive since it involves only environmentally benign components, is easy to apply, and will be economical.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The innovative technology described herein will have application in the corrosion prevention of a wide variety of steel and aluminum substrates, including bridges and aluminum-hulled ships. As such, there will be many large potential commercial applications after development through Phase II and III.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Brian G. Dixon
Cape Cod Research, Inc.
19 Research Road
East Falmouth , MA 02536
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Cape Cod Research, Inc.
19 Research Road
East Falmouth , MA 02536
PROJECT TITLE: Environmentally Safe Disposal of Hydrazine and Nitrogen Tetroxide Wastes
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Hydrazine-based fuels and nitrogen tetroxide-based oxidants are commonly used in many missiles, spacecraft and space launch vehicles. These chemicals are extremely toxic and highly energetic, and consequently very hazardous. Currently, water scrubbers are used effectively to remove their vapor contaminants in the process of storage and transfer. However, the scrubber effluents still require further treatment in a continuous manner to eliminate these wastes. A safe and effective decontamination method is urgently needed. The key to this project is the use of a hybrid system to convert both wastes into harmless N2 instead of toxic nitrogen oxides or nitrate. This will be achieved by using a combination of solid polymer electrolyte (SPE)-based fuel cell and electrolyzer. The wastes will be first ?cold burned? in the fuel cell and then the unreacted species will be further decomposed in the electrolyzer. In addition to serving as an effective separator for the two different waste streams, the SPE will provide favorable reaction environments at the electrode/membrane interfaces for the efficient decomposition of hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide through electrooxidation and electroreduction, respectively.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Spin-off technology associated with the proposed project will have great potential for use in treating many vapors of chemical compounds controlled under Hazardous Air Pollutants in the Clean Air Act. It is also of great interest to commercial launch vehicles as well as in the maintenance and operation of hydrazine-fueled auxiliary propulsion units on advanced aircraft.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
King-Tsai Jeng
Lynntech, Inc.
7610 Eastmark Drive, Suite 202
College Station , TX 77840
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Lynntech, Inc.
7610 Eastmark Drive, Suite 202
College Station , TX 77840-4042
PROJECT TITLE: Point Sensor Network for Hydrazine Monitoring (7168-540)
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
A low-maintenance broad-area monitoring system is required for detection of toxic hydrazine leaks during fueling operations on the Mobile Launch Platform. The system must accurately detect 1 to 100 ppm vapor leaks in < 15 seconds and be capable of maintenance-free operation for 3 to 6 months. Broad-area coverage coupled with rapid detection will ensure worker safety and reduce the current high operational costs associated with evacuating personnel as well as locating and remediating the leak source. Currently available sensor technologies are either too expensive or do not provide the required performance over the 1 to 100 ppm range. The ideal system would be a distributed network of small inexpensive reversible sensors, each in communication with a central base station, which provides a visual display of concentration in the vicinity of each sensor. Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes to develop such a low-maintenance system for rapid determination of the concentration and spatial location of leaks under field conditions which will meet or exceed the desired specifications. A prototype individual sensor device incorporating novel low-cost disposable sensor elements will be demonstrated in Phase I. A sufficient quantity of disposables will be delivered to NASA for evaluation.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The low-maintenance monitoring system will have many performance/cost advantages over competing devices. The underlying technology is broadly applicable to several important sensing applications, including personal dosimetry, regulatory compliance, compositional analysis, and quality control. Detectable species include toxic gases, environmental pollutants, biomolecules, and odorants. Target markets include the aerospace, chemical, agricultural, pharmaceutical, food, and fragrance industries, as well as the Federal Government.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Mitchell R. Zakin
Physical Sciences Inc.
20 New England Business Center
Andover , MA 01810-1077
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Physical Sciences Inc.
20 New England Business Center
Andover , MA 01810-1077
PROJECT TITLE: A new, low cost, portable hydrogen leak detector
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
NASA requires a variety of sensors to verify the safety of launch and landing areas. We propose the development of a small, portable, hydrogen leak detector capable of measuring hydrogen concentrations between 100 and 100,000 ppm in helium, nitrogen, and air. Our approach uses a recently invented microscale mass spectrometer with a membrane separator sampling system to achieve the target sensitivity, selectivity and a response time of less than 15 seconds. The proposed system is completely self-contained (including vacuum pumping) and can fit within a soda can (including electronics). We anticipate continuous, maintenance-free operation for at least one year. We will combine the microscale mass spectrometer (MS) now being developed by Mass Sensors, LLC., with Southwest Sciences expertise in developing methods for continuous monitoring of trace gases. The new, microscale mass spectrometer provides high mass resolution because it is a true double focusing spectrometer using merege magnetic and electrostatic fields, and it provides high sensitivity because it is compatible with conventional, ion-multiplier-style detectors. Since mass spectrometers are universal detectors, our design is adaptable to a wide range of chemical sensor needs, while undercutting the price of currently available commercial instruments by at least an order of magnitude.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Commercial applications extend well beyond leak detection, particularly if Mass Sensors' MS technology is combined with one of Southwest Sciences' patented improvements to mass spectroscopy, ionization energy modulation. The resulting technology will have obvious commercial application to automotive emissions testing, air quality monitoring, industrial hygiene, environmental cleanup monitoring, and industrial process control for semiconductor fabrication and petrochemical production. Biomedical applications include blood gas monitoring and anesthesia delivery control.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
David S. Bomse
Southwest Sciences, Inc.
1570 Pacheco Street; Suite E-11
Santa Fe , NM 87505-3993
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Southwest Sciences, Inc.
1570 Pacheco St. Suite E-11
Santa Fe , NM 87505-3993
PROJECT TITLE: Miniature Smart Sensor Module For Simultaneous Hydrogen, Oxygen, Pressure, and Temperature Measurement For Launch Applications
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Makel Engineering Inc. proposes to develop a compact, rugged, smart sensor module capable of measuring multiple gas species and physical parameters. The sensor module will provide measurement of hydrogen, oxygen, ambient pressure, and temperature. This multi-parameter smart sensor (MPSS) will use solid-state, silicon based MEMS sensor technology. The proposed sensor module will be capable of being connected into a digitally controlled data or distributed control system. The sensor module will be miniature in size enabling a large number of sensors to be used on launch facilities or vehicles. These modules will provide real-time data suitable for launch readiness assessments and integrated vehicle health management. The sensor modules will be designed to withstand harsh launch conditions. The proposed multi-parameter sensor module system will provide: (1) real-time quantitive gas concentration, pressure, and temperature measurements, (2) lightweight, robust modules suitable for launch environments, (3) digital communications immune to EMI and RFI, and (4) built-in-test and health monitoring capability. The proposed sensor module will exploit the latest advances in MEMS sensor technology to produce a highly integrated sensor module for NASA and commercial applications.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed multi-parameter smart sensor is directly applicable to the industrial gas detection industry. Rapid commercialization of this system is expected because of; (1) the growing use of distributed control systems, (2)the increasing industrial demand for hydrogen detection for applications such as fuel cells, high energy batteries, and integrated circuit manufacturing, (3) the potential of the technology to produce a low cost device, and (4) the flexibility of the system deisgn to use interchangeable sensors for different gases and industrial applications.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Darby B. Makel
Makel Engineering, Inc.
1020 Marauder Street, Suite D
Chico , CA 95973
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Makel Engineering, Inc.
1020 Marauder Street, Suite D
Chico , CA 95973
PROJECT TITLE: An Expert System to Render Measures and Predictions of Manpower Mix and Staffing for Total Company Right Sizing
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
NASA is faced with the competitive need to right size the total human resource requirements for their organization. This need is common to traditional U.S. manufacturers who are competing in a global market. Varied manpower requirements due to economic conditions and competition have driven companies to chase the most effective reorganization strategy. Predictable models for varied markets and competitive situations are needed to direct NASA and the U.S. manufacturers alike. To that means, a computer-generated expert system is presented as an innovative and timely solution. This software will offer NASA and manufacturing companies prompt and accurate measures to direct their employment levels. The specific innovation will continue to build on a platform and methodology of an expert system to measure, manage, and optimize manpower requirements at all levels of the organization including production, support, research, and management. IET regularly works with clients on assignments including value-analysis of all positions and developing models and algorithms of optimal staffing levels based on current or forecasted economic conditions. The proposed system will have the flexibility to handle a variety of defined environmental variables, provide "what if" analysis, and measures of confidence and risk. In addition, the software must identify opportunities for improvement and measure performance.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
IET has worked with numerous clients on corporate cost improvement activities centered around improving total labor performance, establishing measures of performance that can be realistically tracked, and developing improvement programs for cost reduction. Decision support models have been developed by IET to assist this effort. A true intelligence based system that could be comercially available to companies could assist individuals or teams in the use of the software to manage this effort. Areas of particular interest may include the following contract services common to manufacturing and service companies: total NASA manpower requirements for varied levels of shuttle launches, contract labor for space shuttle ground processing, peak manning for depot maintenance of large aircraft and military vehicles, temporary production support and enlisted versus officer manpower allocations.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Timothy C. Stansfield
IET, Inc.
3539 Glendale Ave.
Toledo , OH 43614
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
IET, Inc.
3539 Glendale Ave.
Toledo , OH 43614
PROJECT TITLE: Change Management and Analysis Tool
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The information revolution has resulted in an accelerated rate of change and currently managers are spending significant time to ensure that changes are inducted in an orderly manner, without introducing chaos into the system. In industry, military, or NASA type of domains, changes could be because of process re-design, technological advancements, special one-time requirements, etc. A tool that assists in analyzing the impact of changes on system elements and on system performance will be very useful. Decision makers can use such a tool to evaluate the impact of contemplated changes, compare different options, and choose options that maximize organizational goals.The proposed "Change Management and Analysis Tool" captures three different types of models (process, product/object, and functional). Changes are captured in terms of additions, deletions, and attribute value changes to processes, products, and functionality. The impact of any change is propagated through the system using knowledge-based change propagation relationships. Changes to system performance metrics (time, cost, risk, and safety) are then determined using quantitative and qualitative mechanisms. Phase I will also result in the development of a systematic approach to determine system-wide safety metrics and safety interactions. Fuzzy logic and neural networks will be used to facilitate this.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
CMAT is a valuable decision-aid in any domain which undergoes design or process changes. As such, it has good commercial potential, both in industry and military.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Madhav Erraguntla
Knowledge Based Systems, Inc.
1408 University Drive East
College Station , TX 77840
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Knowledge Based Systems, Inc.
1408 University Drive East
College Station , TX 77840
PROJECT TITLE: Expert System for Analysis and Optimization of Products and Processes
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This research will result in an expert system that can be used by KSC engineers to facilitate insight responsibilities associated with current and future NASA-KSC projects. System performance data will be analyzed and interpreted using appropriate statistical techniques. When data indicate that the system is not stable and/or capable, advice will be offered by the expert system. When additional data is required, the expert system will provide guidance, using engineer-specified criteria to determine the "best" experimental design. Once data are collected and entered into the expert system, the appropriate statistical analysis will be completed and the results will be interpreted for the engineer. The expert system will incorporate decision-maker preferences along with statistical methodologies to yield the most useful experimental results possible. Aerospace vehicle designers could also use the expert system to implement experimental design, statistical analysis, and optimization requirements. As part of the system, multivariate optimization could be performed, incorporating new mathematical algorithms that enable the engineer to simultaneously optimize several characteristics of the system. The multivariate optimization methodologies include the use of decision-maker preferences to achieve the most preferred Pareto-optimal solution.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed expert system will be customized for future civilian and government clients affiliated with aviation and aerospace. Companies involved with depot maintenance, manufacturing, and aerospace/aviation vehicle design would be potential clients. The functionality developed through this SBIR program will provide the framework for future modifications of the expert system.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Deborah M. Osborne
Optimal Engineering Solutions
20 Forestview Way
Ormond Beach , FL 32174
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Optimal Engineering Solutions
20 Forest View Way
Ormond Beach , FL 32174
PROJECT TITLE: MICROGRAVITY ENHANCED BIOLOGICAL CELL SELECTION
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
SRL is proposing to develop a new technology that has application to gene and cancer therapies, and therapies for treating space mission crewmembers receiving unexpected bursts of ionizing radiation. This new technology will allow us to rapidly isolate and purify hematopoietic stem cells from peripheral blood. When administered, the isolated/purified stem cells completely regenerate the blood and immune system of humans subjected to high doses of ionizing radiation and chemical toxins including chemotherapeutic agents used in cancer therapy. For these applications, it is essential to separate cells having nearly the same diameter in ex vivo suspensions of peripheral blood cells. In this new technique, larger biological cells in a suspension are irreversibly electroporated leading to cell death, while the smaller cells remain viable. The size resolution of this electric field cell selection process is critically dependent on electric field gradients in the suspension, which are driven by cell density variations, which, in turn, are driven by settling (gravity) effects. Our calculations show that these gravity effects limit the size resolution of cell selection too greater than 1 micron. However, many critical applications of this technology require sub-micron resolution. Sub-micron resolution can potentially be obtained in the microgravity environment of space.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
This SBIR project will result in a breakthrough technology that will make possible the cost effective commercial isolation of the hematopoietic stem cell, which is the progenitor of all blood/immune system cells. Stem cells are forming the basis of therapies for treating cancers and immune system failure after chemotherapy; gene therapies for AIDS and leukemia; and as countermeasures for naturally occurring (Ebola) or mankind inflicted biological insults (biological weapons). The commercial market for stem cell isolation systems is at least 0.5 billion dollars.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
DR. HENRY EPPICH
SCIENCE RESEARCH LABORATORY INC
15 WARD STREET
SOMERVILLE , MA 02143
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
SCIENCE RESEARCH LABORATORY INC
15 WARD STREET
SOMERVILLE , MA 02143
PROJECT TITLE: LED-based lighting system used with Hyperbaric Oxygen and KGF-2 growth factor to accelerate wound healing on long range space missions
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Improved wound healing may have multiple applications, which may benefit civilian medical care, military situations and long-term space flights. In space wounds may heal differently than here on earth. Laser light has shown some benefit for wound healing, but has limited surface area and wavelength. Advances in semiconductor technology, developed for NASA's long range life support missions, have led to the development of light emitting diode systems capable of high irradiant output equivalent or superior to laser sources being used in wound healing today. These LEDs offer the potential for dramatic improvement in wound healing over lasers for future space flight, civilian and military applications.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The initial thrust of this research is to develop a device and methodology to accelerate the healing of wounds that may be encountered in the day to day operations and construction of the International Space Station. There is no doubt that this photo-accelerated wound healing technology, once demonstrated for space, can be immediately applied to military applications, and will have a profound economic implications for the health care industry here on Earth. A laser source, due to inherent physical constraints and initial capital investment, has limited the acceptance of this technology thus far. With the development of a low cost LED source, the photo-accelerated wound healing technology will find its way into rural area medical facilities thereby making the technology readily available to everyone. The world wide commercial implications for this device technology are enormous.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Ronald W. Ignatius
Quantum Devices, Inc.
112 Orbison St.
Barneveld , WI 53507
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Quantum Devices, Inc.
112 Orbison Street
Barneveld , WI 53507
PROJECT TITLE: A Dynamically Controlled Vapor Diffusion Protein Crystal Growth System.
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This proposal addresses the development of a new and innovative dynamically controlled vapor diffusion system that will provide precise control of pre- and post-nucleation growth. Subtopic 11.01, Commercial Microgravity Research, is addressed in that a new and innovative approach will be developed to control protein crystal growth in real-time (dynamically). The system will have important biological and medical relevance in that it will provide crystals for new protein structure determinations and drug design. The overall project objectives for the Phase I effort are: 1)Design a 20 chamber dynamically controlled vapor diffusion module that allows simultaneous and dynamic control of evaporation profiles of individual cells. 2)Use of an existing vapor duffusion system to crystallize 10-15 proteins to demonstrate applicability of the proposed crystallization system. The proposed system will provide a powerful new approach for small and macromolecular crystal growth, benefiting NASA's long history of fundamental and commercial objectives in crystal growth.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed innovative crystal growth system will be of tremendous value to crystallography, chemistry and pharmaceutical laboratories worldwide. The combined market for these scientific disciplines is substantial and the proposed device will play a vital role in their future. Protein crystal growth is generally recognized as the major bottleneck in crystallographic structural investigations, which are of paramount importance in elucidating fundamental structure/function relationships and in stucture-based drug design. These investigations take on further importance with the increasing emphasis on proteome research.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Gayle Christopher, PhD
Diversified Scientific, Inc.
2800 Milan Ct., Suite 381
Birmingham , AL 35211-6908
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Diversified Scientific
2800 Milan Ct, Suite 381
Birmingham , AL 35211-6908
PROJECT TITLE: Space Adaptor Kit for Small Payloads
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The proposed innovation is to develop a complete solution for space flight qualification and use of Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) microcomputer systems. Our innovation, the Space Adapter Kit (SAK), would effectively allow the experimenter to fly hardware while isolating the "unqualified" COTS hardware from the critical flight system hardware and interfaces. This system would target the small, low-budget experimenter in the government, university, and commercial sectors and enable the flight of payloads that would be unaffordable with custom systems. Past efforts to create a standard space flight/payload computer have failed primarily due to lacking the production volume to take advantage of economies of scale or keep pace with the latest technology. AZ Technology proposes a "Kit" which would adapt COTS systems to the space environment, matched with modular software suitable for the application. The SAK would consist of qualified power supply and data communications subsystems, thermal control, and a mechanical containment system, coupled with software tools that allow for automatic generation of flight software and telemetry/command databases. The SAK would lower the cost of developing payloads while isolating spacecraft and crew from COTS hardware failures, and would ease integration with spacecraft and ground systems.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The commercial applications potential is significant. With the recent and proposed commercialization of space, the SAK fills a gap for low cost users wishing to fly experiments. The SAK offers a low budget alternative to the high cost special designs which keep many experimenters from being able to afford space flight. Other applications, other than space, are numerous. The SAK could provide protection for inexpensive COTS controller usage in harsh environments such as sand or salt spray. The boating industry and recreational vehicles markets could use a marine-hardened SAK. Further, the military market could use a SAK for harsh military environments.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Kenneth D. King
AZ Technology, Inc.
4901 Corporate Drive, Suite 101
Huntsville , AL 35805
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
AZ Technology, Inc.
4901 Corporate Drive, Suite 101
Huntsville , AL 35805
PROJECT TITLE: A Portable Medical X-ray Imager For Teleradiology Applications
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Teleradiographic imaging applications pose a significant engineering challenge in terms of portability, resolution, and minimal operating power. A novel approach to high spatial resolution X-ray imaging is proposed here that will allow portability while maintaining low power consumption as compared with similar imaging devices. An optically coupled CMOS image sensor mosaic combined with a phosphor conversion screen will be used to effectively capture large field digital X-ray images. This innovative technique will achieve considerably lower power consumption than conventional CCD mosaic hardware along with a more compact, integrated design. Innovations in mosaic image reconstruction and parallel modular mosaic imaging hardware have been described by Sensor Plus in several publications for a digital mammography imager that uses CCD devices. To make a mosaic imager feasible, two image processing algorithms are required: distortion correction and stitching. An approach employing a custom-designed calibration screen will be applied for distortion correction and stitching. By employing a custom-designed calibration pattern, it will guarantee robust, accurate correction and stitching. Further application of these innovations for the development of a portable teleoperable medical x-ray imager is the primary objective of this proposal. Additional design issues will include hardware solutions for network connectivity and remote acquisition.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Portable teleradiology once developed for production may be marketable both nationally and internationally. Primary markets include onsite radiography for long and short term space missions, domestic mobile medical facilities, military missions, and low cost radiography for economically developing areas or nations.Low cost construction is realized through the use of CMOS image detectors. The approximate cost of the 1000x800 pixel detector selected for this proposal is in the range of 75-100 dollars. The cost of the lenses are comparable to the image sensors so that the total cost of the detector array portion of the imager is approximately 8,000-11,000 dollars. Therefore, it becomes feasible to build a teleoperated, full size, X-ray imager below 20,000 dollars. This is very promising where low cost is a key factor in the potential markets described above.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Scott T. Smith
Sensor Plus Inc.
4250 Ridge Lea Rd., Suite 41
Amherst , NY 14226
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Sensor Plus Inc.
4250 Ridge Lea Rd. Suite 41
Amherst , NY 14226
PROJECT TITLE: Virtual Tours of NASA Facilities, Research Sites, Image Archives and Web Pages, and the Virtual Environment Builder Software
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Seismic Entertainment, an award winning industry leader in VR development, will use virtual reality (VR) technologies to create virtual tours of NASA facilities, research sites, media archives and web pages. The objective will be to attract repeat visitors into content-rich, collaborative environments, where educational exploration of NASA facilities, math and science concepts, and large archives and web sites, is both intuitive and appealing. An accompanying objective will be to integrate the resulting authoring tools into a companion Virtual Environment Builder (VEB), which can be used by NASA outreach personnel and software developers to create and modify additional worlds and tours. The proposed research will look beyond current technology to examine high-resolution panoramic imaging, VRML world-building and multi-user simulation tools. Phase I research objectives focus on evaluating the use of existing VR software in classroom, museum and home situations, soliciting feedback from students and the general public at the Exploratorium in San Francisco, creating innovative techniques for communicating the mission-critical concepts of major NASA programs, and locating available content and technology resources from the private sector and government facilities. This information will be incorporated into the technical and creative design of cutting-edge virtual tours and VEB software.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The anticipated results of a successful Phase I and Phase II effort will be a complete set of virtual environments and tours designed around NASA facilities, research sites, image archives and web pages, with live guided tours online led by scientists and engineers involved in the exploration of Earth and space. Space-exploration simulations and activities, designed with educators in accordance with NSTA guidelines, will be integrated into the VR environments, teaching fundamental science, math and engineering concepts. The virtual tours will be published on the Internet on a Seismic website, such as the LostWorlds VR Atlas, distributed on educational and entertainment CD/DVD-ROMs, and installed in public space kiosks at museums and visitor centers. Finally, a fully functional Virtual Environment Builder (VEB) will be available in professional and consumer versions on CD/DVD-ROM to enable NASA outreach personnel, educators and the general public to modify and create their own virtual tours. Drawing on collaborations with educators, focus group testing with people of all backgrounds, and cutting-edge educational technology, the resulting products will be the most technologically advanced and innovative educational software tools available on the market, and will run on PC systems available to the majority of the general public.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Jack Sculley
Seismic Entertainment
1495 Masonic Avenue
San Francisco , CA 94117
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Seismic Entertainment
1495 Masonic Avenue
San Francisco , CA 94117
PROJECT TITLE: Integrated GNC System for Autonomous Spacecraft
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This SBIR project will develop a low cost and small size flight control and navigation system with applications to autonomous spacecraft. This system will combine our existing fully-coupled GPS/IMU and advanced flight control techniques. The system contains two main subsystems: a flight control subsystem and a GPS/IMU navigation subsystem. The flight control system will provide good dynamic stability, and achieve the desired spacecraft dynamic handling characteristics. It will insure the required flying qualities, and improve spacecraft performance to perform its flight mission. The GPS/IMU navigation system will provide accurate position data, as well as altitude, ground speed, time, and wind vector information. The unique solution of the combined flight control and GPS/IMU navigation systems will provide enhanced flight control and navigation qualities. In the Phase I project, the feasibility, as well as functions, specifications, hardware architecture, and software requirements of the system will be investigated and conducted. Through modeling the spacecraft and analyzing its flight characteristics, the design of an intelligent autopilot, which integrates nonlinear control, robust control, and intelligent control, will be emphasized. A software toolkit will also be developed for the design, analysis, and simulation of intelligent flight control systems.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The flight control and navigation system to be developed in this project will be commercialized as a Universal Vehicle Navigation and Control device. This commercial product has wide potential applications to autonomous ground vehicles, underwater vehicles, unmanned air vehicles (UAV), and low orbit space vehicles.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Ching-Fang Lin
American GNC Corporation
9131 Mason Ave.
Chatsworth , CA 91311
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
American GNC Corporation
9131 Mason Ave.
Chatsworth , CA 91311
PROJECT TITLE: Mid-infrared avalanche photodiode arrays
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project will develop the growth, fabrication, and testing procedures necessary to produce mid-infrared avalanche photodiode (APD) arrays. There is a requirement for detector arrays sensitive in the 1500 to 2200 nm wavelength range. Current mid-infrared detectors are typically PIN devices or photoconductors, depending on the wavelength region. Substantial improvements in sensitivity can be expected through the use of APDs, which can provide significant gain and, with cooled operation, can be used for photon counting. Avalanche photodiode arrays can be used for improved imaging or for fast acquisition of low-level spectroscopic data. With an APD array, not only the incidence of a single photon, but also its position can be measured. AstroPower has previously developed mid-infrared APDs using liquid-phase heteroepitaxy of lattice-matched InGaAsSb and AlGaAsSb on GaSb substrates. In the 1500 to 2200 nm wavelength range, these devices have shown substantial avalanche multiplication at room temperature. This Phase I project will optimize these mid-infrared APDs and integrate them into linear arrays. The Phase II program will develop two-dimensional arrays of these mid-infrared APDs.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
These mid-infrared APD arrays will be useful in airborne and space-based laser altimeter sensors as well as ground-based satellite laser ranging systems. Photodetectors operating in the mid-IR range also have large potential use in gas sensors since there are strong absorption bands due to water and many industrial gases in this range. These APDs will have a variety of commercial applications in air pollution monitoring, industrial process control, automobile emission monitoring, air traffic control, infrared spectroscopy and fiber optic communication.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Zane A. Shellenbarger
AstroPower, Inc.
Solar Park
Newark , DE 19716-2000
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
AstroPower, Inc.
Solar Park
Newark , DE 19716-2000
PROJECT TITLE: Low Cost Single Longitudinal Mode Nd:YAG Pulsed Oscillator for Atmospheric Measurements
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
CEO proposes to develop a low cost, high repetition rate, small, reliable and simple pulsed SLM laser oscillator of approximately 1 - 10 mJ/pulse of 1064 nm output at 100 - 1500 Hz. Such units are not readily available today and this unit is the key to developing a high energy per pulse 1064, 532, 355 and/or 266 nm (and other Nd:YAG wavelengths) SLM laser. This unit would be a standard building block to be used when greater pulse energies are desired.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The laser described in this document will be of considerable interest to many military/government and industrial consumers. On the military/government front, there are numerous tools, such as the Airborne Laser and various weather and non weather based lidar programs, that require a laser such as this that has high peak energy, high brightness, is very efficient and small/light-weight and low cost. In the industrial sector, a pulsed SLM laser would be quite useful for weather based applications, as an example. It promises to be low in cost, thus enabling many consumers to afford it. In the medical arena, there are applications for such system, and in this instance, compactness and high brightness are key features. In addition, the proposed laser would have applications for photographic and holographic systems.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Chan Kennedy
Cutting Edge Optronics, Inc.
20 Point West Blvd.
St. Charles , MO 63301
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Cutting Edge Optronics, Inc.
20 Point West Blvd.
St. Charles , MO 63301
PROJECT TITLE: Surface Leveling of Composite Mirror Membranes via Polymeric Vapor Deposition
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The goal of this SBIR is to develop ultralightweight, stable, large aperture optics that are suitable for submillimeter, infrared, visible, and LIDAR instruments. Phase I will demonstrate the application of a polymeric vapor deposition onto a graphite reinforced composite membrane to create a specular surface and mask fiber print-through. Recent vapor deposition of polymers (acrylate monomers) has successfully leveled micro-roughened surfaces of polymer film. If successful, this fabrication approach could significantly reduce the cost, delivery time, and weight of larger aperture mirrors for programs such as WIND LIDAR, NGST, and FIRST.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Space-based and airborne LIDAR systems, telescopes, radiometers, and communications satellites.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
David Sheikh
Composite Optics, Incorporated
9617 Distribution Avenue
San Diego , CA 92121
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Composite Optics, Incorporated
9617 Distribution Avenue
San Diego , CA 92121
PROJECT TITLE: Compact, Solid-State, Q-switched Laser Design
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The continued development of compact, efficient, and reliable lasers for altimetry and ranging is of special concern to NASA. In particular, reducing the power requirements, weight, and volume of these devices to enable their use on a wide variety of platforms is as critical as their optical performance. In the proposed effort, we intend to develop an innovative diode-laser-pumped, passively Q-switched, Nd:YLF laser to generate milli-Joule energy, <5 ns duration pulses at kilo-Hertz rates. The optical design is simple with a low component count, that is extremely compact and rugged. The pumping geometry is a high-brightness end-pumping design. The pump source may be fiber-coupled and remote from the laser head allowing for optimal placement of the pump source for heat removal and package integration. The passive Q-switching technique eliminates the need for either the high voltages or the RF power needed to drive active Q-switches, thereby enhancing system reliability. The proposed work is expected to demonstrate the feasibility of the diode-laser-pumped, passively Q-switched, Nd:YLF laser described above. This work would form the basis of a Phase II effort, to improve the output power and efficiency, develop engineered saturable absorbers, and build a prototype packaged laser system for evaluation by NASA and for further development for use in commercial applications.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed system technology has immediate applications in altimetry and ranging systems. Additionally, the core laser technology has applications that include aerosol lidar, laser marking, materials processing, imaging, and photo-resist/photo-plate exposure for the reprographics industry. The high peak powers allow for nonlinear conversion to other wavelengths and additional market coverage.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. David Welford
Q-Peak, Inc.
135 South Road
Bedford , MA 01730
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Q-Peak, Inc.
135 South Road
Bedford , MA 01730
PROJECT TITLE: An Indium Gallium Arsenide - Based Hyperspectral Imager for 0.4 - 2.5 µm
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Hyperspectral imaging is typically performed with multiple detector arrays. The arrays are combined with bandpass filters, allowing remote sensing of a single band. We propose to develop a hyperspectral imaging system, based on a single indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) focal plane array (FPA), capable of imaging the entire visible/near-infrared wavelength range from 0.4 µm to 2.5 µm. The system will feature spectral resolution < 10 nm, 640 pixel spatial resolution, low power dissipation, and modular construction. The core of the system will be a 640 x 512 element In.82Ga.18As FPA with a long wavelength cutoff of 2.6 µm. The InP substrate will be removed allowing sensitivity to wavelengths as short as 0.4 µm. Spectral dispersion will be achieved using a compact imaging spectrograph from SPECIM installed in a C-mount lens housing attached to our camera. Low power dissipation will be obtained by elevated operating temperature (greater than 250K) and innovative electronics. During Phase I, we will develop and deliver a prototype system based on lattice-matched InGaAs with a 1.7 µm cutoff wavelength. By the end of Phase I, we will have designed the full 0.4 µm to 2.5 µm imager to be optimized and delivered during Phase II.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
This program will bring a system to market for quality control applications in food processing, petroleum refining, satellite imaging, and artwork analysis. A potential market of over 10 million in the first two years, and over 100 million by year 5 is envisioned for this product.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Marshall J. Cohen
Sensors Unlimited, Inc.
3490 U.S. Route 1, Bldg. 12
Princeton , NJ 08540
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Sensors Unlimited, Inc.
3490 U.S. Route 1, Building 12
Princeton , NJ 08540
PROJECT TITLE: Proposal for a Spectral Image Fusion (SPIF) and Registration System for Hyperspectral and Thermal Data Cubes.
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Tri-Space, Inc. and its partner, Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp (BATC) propose to design, develop, and test a prototype a system to automatically fuse and register remotely sensed data that differ spectrally, spatially, and temporally, and may also be collected from differing viewing angles or from differing platforms. The proposed product, the Spectral Image Fusor (SPIF), will fuse hyperspectral data sampled over the spectral range from 0.4 to 2.5 um with a thermal data cube covering the spectral band from 8 to 14 um and with ground based point measurements, where available. The proposed research will focus on autonomous atmospheric correction and geometric correction of coastal remote sensing data into a single geo-referenced coordinate system. Atmospheric and geometric correction are challenging for coastal environments because the ocean's albedo is low in the visible spectrum resulting in reduced signal strength for accurate atmospheric correction and because temporally fixed ground control points are frequently not available for geometric correction. Our innovative approach to these challenges relies on the iterative spectral and spatial feature matching. The results will benefit a wide variety of commercial remote sensing applications with GIS requirements for coastal monitoring and coastal change.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The goal of the proposed research is to prototype and build a Spectral Image Fusor (SPIF) to enable rapid and autonomous mapping for disaster assessment, pollution monitoring, wetlands monitoring, trafficability analyses, and other analyses of coastal regions. The prospective users of SPIF might be experts in GIS applications, land use managers, wetlands biologists, or remote sensing applications specialists.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
E. Ann Berman
Tri-Space, Inc.
8434 Weller Ave.
McLean , VA 22102
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Tri-Space, Inc.
P.O. Box 7166
McLean , VA 22106-7166
PROJECT TITLE: Fluorescence Lifetime Vertical Profiler
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The innovation is a vertical profiler capable of measuring in real time the structure of chlorophyll concentration and of phytoplankton photochemical efficiency in the water column. These are critical parameters for determination of ocean primary productivity from remote sensing of ocean color. Current profilers do not provide accurate biomass (because of fluorescence quantum yield variability), nor any information on photosynthetic status. The proposed profiler incorporates novel technology developed at Ciencia for photosynthetic analysis based on chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime measurements, and will be the first in situ system to incorporate this novel capability. Low ocean chlorophyll concentrations require a detection sensitivity of 0.1 ug/L. This presents a major challenge because to obtain accurate values of photosynthetic parameters the exciting light intensity must be kept very low to not disturb the photosynthetic system. To achieve this detection limit will require several innovations, which include development of a highly efficient optical design with an integrated flow-through sample interface, and a high-gain, low-noise detection system. Additionally, the system must incorporate provisions for self-calibration on the fly, and embedded intelligence for instrument control, data acquisition, analysis and communications. Finally, we have proposed an innovative packaging design to enable operation to depths (pressures) of 500 m.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The first product will be a vertical profiler for oceanographic use. This will be a compact, submersible unit. The market niches to which these products would be targeted include in situ assessment of phytoplankton for basic research and for environmental monitoring. Additional related products would be portable instruments for shipboard use and laboratory instrumentation. In addition to marine applications, the development of sensors is a high priority for agriculture. Economic, environmental and regulatory issues are putting pressure on farmers to manage their croplands more carefully by supplying fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, and water at carefully controlled and variable rates. To accomplish this, sensors such as the ones proposed here will be needed that provide accurate information on the physiological status of the crops. High value crop farmers (e.g. California vineyards) are already experimenting with spectral analysis of crops to assess health in efforts to detect plant stress before it is visible to the naked eye. This is vital because replanting is costly about $20,000 per acre [Ref. 38]. For example. Rapid determination of freeze damage to citrus might assist with rapid harvest decisions and help stabilize prices. We expect that our proposed products would find ready acceptance in such applications.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Salvador M. Fernandez
Ciencia Inc.
111 Roberts Street, Suite K
East Hartford , CT 06108
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Ciencia, Inc.
111 Roberts Street, Suite K
East Hartford , CT 06108
PROJECT TITLE: Elevated Operational Temperature, Passively-Cooled Laser Diode Arrays for Spaceborne Sensors
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Laser diodes are critical to many lidar systems. They can be used by themselves or to pump solid state lasers to achieve higher pulse energies. However, conventional laser diodes are less efficient and less reliable when operated above room temperature. Moreover, diode chillers have unacceptable mass and power burdens for flight instruments. To address these issues, CTI and Polaroid have fabricated and tested innovative pilot-design emitters operating at >70°C for more that 109 shots. In Phase I/II the emitter results will be extended to spatially dense arrays (.1.3 J/cm2) that are optimized for passive conduction cooling, require little temperature regulation, operate >60°C at 780-795 nm, and produce >1 ms pulses with duty cycles >0.02. The technology is generalizable to other and wavelengths. To enhance the utility of these next-generation diodes, collaborate with the LaRC materials science group is anticipated to implement aerospace-class, ultra-light, high performance carbon composites into the laser diode mounts. In Phase II, high operational temperature laser diode arrays which are optimized for pumping solid state lasers will be coupled to an existing laser system. When the "hot" diode arrays are coupled to CTI’s expertise in turn-key flight worthy lidar systems, a new generation of commercial lidar products will be facilitated.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
High-reliability coherent detection and direct detection lidar systems with lower cost, reduced weight and reduced size.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Duane Smith
Research & Development
655 Aspen Ridge Drive
Lafayette , CO 80026
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Coherent Technologies, Inc.
655 Aspen Ridge Drive
Lafayette , CO 80026
PROJECT TITLE: Efficient Wideband 2 Micron Coherent Lidar
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Lidar system efficiency is a critical factor in sensor performance. Furthermore, high-speed or targets can produce substantial Doppler shifts (6 to 7 GHz at 2 mm for a typical spaceborne global wind monitoring scenario). These Doppler shifts exceed current state-of-the-art 2 mm detector technology. A common proposed technique for coping with these large Doppler shifts is to utilize an offset-locked optical local oscillator. However, this approach is complex and may not be needed if high-efficiency wideband photoreceivers can be developed. In this Phase I/II effort we propose to develop high-efficiency wideband (~ 7 GHz) 2 mm heterodyne receiver technologies. To achieve the bandwidth goal, detector quantum efficiency (QE) may be compromised. We propose to recover much of this and other receiver-train losses using an optical preamplifier. For high QE detectors the amplifier would not be beneficial. Instead, efficiency gains will be achieved via the deployment of a dual-port balanced heterodyne receiver. The Phase I program will carry out a combined analysis and laboratory demonstration program to establish optimal and realizable receiver configurations applicable across a broad range of measurement scenarios. The Phase I/II program will significantly advance the coherent laser radar state-of-the-art and will result in commercial products with improved performance and lower power consumption.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The high efficiency aspect of this technology development will result in substantial reductions in sensor size, weight and power consumption for virtually all coherent laser radar applications such as ground-based wind sensing, aircraft wake-vortex monitoring, hard target vibration sensing and coherent DIAL. Wideband coherent laser radar applications such as spaceborne global wind monitoring, high speed civil transport clear-air turbulence sensing, long-range high-speed target identification and tracking will also benefit significantly from this technology.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Philip Gatt
Research & Development
655 Aspen Ridge Drive
Lafayette , CO 80026
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Coherent Technologies, Inc.
655 Aspen Ridge Drive
Lafayette , CO 80026
PROJECT TITLE: Solid-State, Ultra-high Resolution Filters for Wind Measurements (SSURF-Wind)
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This initiative designs and fabricates robust, solid state, ultra-high spectral resolution filters, for use at 1064 nm and 355 nm as a lidar receiver with doppler capability. The two systems are similar, except for pre-filtering and dispersive element coatings, and provide spectral resolutions of better than 100 MHz at 1064 nm and better than 1 GHz at 355 nm. The methodology utilizes Fabry-Perot etalons with refreactive index variability provided by nematic liquid crystal control. The fully developed, twin etalon systems to be supplied in Phase II are based upon the design and fabrication of a single, high spectral resolution etalon with 3 cm gap spacing in Phase I (for the 1064 nm system), and upon fabrication of a 335 nm - 400 nm relflective dielectric coating (for the 355 nm system). Scientific Solutions Inc. (SSI) has pioneered and demonstrated liquid crystal Fabry-Perot (LC-FP) etalons with smaller gaps and lower spectral resolution than this application. As such, this project innovates a demonstrated technology for ultra-high resolutions specifically appropriate for daytime doppler lidar applications. These LC-FP filters feature electronic tunability, vibration and radiation insensitivity, high throughput, and light weight design that are unmatched by any other current technology in a single unit.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
An LC etalon is a single, lightweight unit, nearly impervious to vibration or shock. As such it is an ideal component for chemical imaging or spectroscopy systems for use in space or other hostile environments In addition, electronic spectral tunability of four etalons simultaneously is accomplished with very little power ( less than 200 mA at 12 V) and no moving parts. The capabilities and of the filter systems we provide are thus well adapted to NASA requirements for smaller, lighter systems for on-orbit, airborne, or sub-orbital platforms. The proposed tunable filters are ideally suited to narrow band isolation required in LIDAR and general laser applications. Beyond that, numerous commercial concerns express interest in tunable filtering. Environmental and related applications can benefit from the ability to remotely identify chemical cloud composition and to precisely determine location and abundance of toxic chemicals. Both the textile and paper industries have communicated interest in robust, easily tunable filters for the purpose of monitoring product uniformity.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Bill Schneller
Scientific Solutions Inc.
22 High Street
Medford , Ma 02155
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Scientific Solutions Inc.
22 High street
Medford , Ma 02155
PROJECT TITLE: Silicon Bench Packaging of Fiber Coupled Narrow Linewidth 850 nm Master Oscillator Power Amplifier
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Peter Heim
,
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Quantum Photonics, Inc.
P.O. Box 49
College Park , MD 20741-0049
PROJECT TITLE: IMPROVED UV GENERATION IN NLO CRYSTALS
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The outputs of high-peak-power laser systems are regularly shifted towards the ultraviolet (UV) using nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. Beta barium borate (BBO), widely integrated into current laser systems, is the primary NLO material for UV generation. Unfortunately, full utilization of BBO (and other crystals) in the UV is restricted by intensity dependent absorption (IDA), laser damage thresholds (limited by surface finishing/AR coating technology), and failure to optimize the 3-wave mixing process. Typical 266nm IDA losses and damage thresholds are 0.25cm-1 (at 50MW/cm2) and 100-200MW/cm2, respectively. These severely restrict the conversion efficiency which can be reliably obtained. For a given performance target, reduced conversion efficiency significantly increases the size, weight and/or power requirements of the laser system. Measurements of the IDA of conventional and growth modified BBO, have been conducted along with EPR, photoluminescence, and mass spectrometry tests identifing possible extrinsic factors. The performance of bare and enhanced AR-coated BBO was measured. This information provides the basis for a Phase I program to minimize the causes of IDA and to improve the damage threshold and conversion efficiency of BBO and related crystals for optimized UV generation.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
BBO is the NLO material of choice for generating UV radiation from a wide range of high-peak-power laser systems. These systems use harmonic conversion and/or parametric generation to produce UV suitable for many applications of lasers in the fields of remote laser induced emission spectroscopy, lidar, medicine, photochemistry, materials processing, and nonlinear optics. BBO optimized for UV applications would find a wide range of uses in both government and commercial laser systems. The Government would benefit from the broader development base and economies of scale.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Gary C. Catella
Cleveland Crystals, Inc.
676 Alpha Dr.
Cleveland , OH 44143
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Cleveland Crystals, Inc.
19306 Redwood Ave.
Cleveland , OH 44110
PROJECT TITLE: A Highly Efficient Diode-Pumped Laser
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
We propose to construct and test a highly efficient diode-pumped Nd:YLF laser based on the novel design of a conductively cooled prismatic pumping cavity with direct side-pumping of the active rod element. We believe that the use of this advanced prismatic pumping cavity will allow us to achieve highly efficient operation (as compared with currently used pump cavity designs) in CW as well as in quasi-CW regimes and at the same time provide efficient conductive cooling of the Nd:YLF rod. This study will provide the means for construction of a compact efficient laser source with output average power scalable up to 150 W in TEMoo mode or up to 250 W in multimode regime. We estimate the real efficiency of the laser to be on the order of 45-50%.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Commercial applications for high-average-power (cw and pulsed) lasers include materials processing such as welding and soldering, drilling, trimming, etc. Lidar applications, where high energy per pulse is desirable, are also possible.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Kevin F. Wall
Q-Peak, Inc.
135 South Road
Bedford , MA 01730
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Q-Peak, Inc.
135 South Road
Bedford , MA 01730
PROJECT TITLE: Zenith Viewing Spectroradiometer for O3, SO2, NO2, Aerosol Optical Depths and UltraViolet Spectral Radiances (7008-490)
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
A zenith viewing spectroradiometer aircraft instrument is proposed for tropospheric profile measurements of O3, NO2, and SO2, aerosol optical depths and UV spectral radiances from differential column amounts measured as functions of aircraft altitude. The basic instrument consists of a temperature insensitive 0.125 m tandem Ebert-Fastie double monochromator scanning the wavelength range of 290 to 445 nm, 0.3 nm bandpass, which uses a Hamamatsu photon counting system as a detector. A nine-channel spectroradiometer uses nine narrow band ultrastable interference filters fabricated with the ion-assisted-deposition process for the wavelength range of 305 to 442 nm. The multifilter spectroradiometer is also used as a calibration transfer standard spectroradiometer for the scanning Ebert-Fastie double monochromator. A scanning linear variable filter (LVF) spectroradiometer operating in the range 300 to 400 nm will be evaluated as a low-cost lightweight alternative to the scanning double monochromator. The LVF was also fabricated with the IAD process by Barr Associates. A major objective of the proposed effort is to validate the accuracy of the zenith measurements of column amounts and aerosol optical depths against the conventional Langley type direct sun measurements.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The potential commercial applications of this proposed aircraft instrument are for providing a validation of tropospheric ozone and aerosols, SO2 and NO2 in areas of regional pollution for validation of satellite overpass measurements over various types of land surfaces. It also has applications as a regional pollution monitoring instrument if good linear variable filters can be fabricated using the IAD process. Other commercial applications are its use as a calibrator transfer standard spectroradiometer for surface radiation monitoring instruments in the field.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Donald Heath
Reserach Support Instruments
5500 Central Ave., Suite 202
Boulder , CO 80301
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Research Support Instruments
4325B Forbes Blvd.
Lanham , MD 20706
PROJECT TITLE: Ultrahigh Dynamic Range, High-Speed A/D Converter for Laser Ranging and Remote Monitoring
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
In this proposal, we describe a breakthrough for extending the dynamic range of a high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC) by as much as several orders of magnitude com-pared to existing technology. One of the major challenges and critical needs in high-speed digitization is maximizing the dynamic range of detection, defined as the measurable range spanning the limit of weak to strong signal. The proposed method is based on an algorithm for a programmable signal processing that enables a transient digitizer to operate in a pulse counting mode simultaneous with detection of strong signal. Moreover the proposed pulse counting mode overcomes the problem of conventional binary pulse counters, which cannot distinguish multiple hits from single hits. For NASA requirements in LIDAR and laser range finding applications, this new technology can lead to more than an order of magni-tude greater range without any other changes in hardware. For airborne remote sensing, the proposed technology provides greatly increased capability as well as enabling more compact design and a reduced cost.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed technology is a general purpose, high dynamic range digitizer that has many dual-use applications, such as laser range finding, time-resolved imaging, time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and high-speed waveform recording. The laser rangefinding applications include: (1) atmospheric and ecosystem monitoring (including space platforms), (2) pollution monitoring by detecting toxic and hazardous emissions, (3) plume tracking of industrial releases or rocket launches, (4) surveillance and night-time imaging and range finding, (5) landscape imaging and profiling. The only alternative to the proposed technology is the costly and operationally cumbersome method of employing two independent data acquisition systems, one based on a fast ADC and another based on pulse counting using a multichannel scaler (MCS). Syagen has developed a marketing, product development and capitalization plan for commercializing the results of this SBIR technology. Syagen has already obtained customer interest from the DOD, mass spectrometry industry and the research community. One of Syagen's core businesses is the development of innovative mass spectrometers based on time-of-flight for which this technology will also be applied.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Jack A. Syage
Syagen Technology, Inc.
1411 Warner Avenue
Tustin , CA 92780
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Syagen Technology, Inc.
1411 Warner Avenue
Tustin , CA 92780
PROJECT TITLE: Novel and Efficient Calibration Lamps (7168-500)
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
In-flight calibration of optical instrumentation on spaceborne platforms is essential to provide accurate Earth Resources/Energy Budget trends. This critical need exists for a variety of applications including imaging radiometers. There is a need to develop miniature, efficient lamps that can provide these calibrations during flights to assure that the responsitivity of the optical instruments is not drifting. For many imaging applications one needs to know the spatial dependance of the responsivity of the detector. Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes to develop a unique calibration source that will provide a spectrally continuous (400 to 800 nm), constant, flat field output for imaging detectors. Our calibration source is based on a recent development in intense light emitting diodes (LED). In Phase I we will demonstrate the feasibility of using miniature LEDs as calibration sources and also couple the LEDs and an Hg lamp to a non-imaging projector to produce a flat field lamp for calibration of imaging and array detectors.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed program will produce a new series of miniature calibration sources that can be applied to variety of important commercial applications including: space and airborne sensors, monitors for process control, and environmental monitoring. The lamps will provide full spatial field spectral calibrations for most existing and future spectrometers.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Steven J. Davis
Physical Sciences Inc.
20 New England Business Center
Methuen , MA 01810
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Physical Sciences Inc.
20 New England Business Center
Andover , MA 01810-1077
PROJECT TITLE: Multi-Mega-pixel CMOS Camera-on-a-chip
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This proposal is to develop a multi-Mega-pixel camera-on-a-chip usingstandard 0.3-micron complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology to process the chip on an 8-inch wafer. The camera-on-a-chip is a multi-Mega-pixel active-pixel array containing substantially more on-chip processing electronics then the current charge-coupled-device (CCD) arrays, aimed at high-resolution imaging applications. The proposed camera-on-a-chip contains the following on-chip signal processing electronics using standard CMOS cells for implementation: a 2,000 x 1,300 array of photogates for imaging, a floating diffusion for temporary storage of photo-charges, an antiblooming circuit for reducing cross-talk at high illumination, vertical and horizontal decoders with clock generators for random-access readout, a correlated-double-sampler circuit for noise reduction, an input circuit for integration time control and an A/D converter for on-chip digitization. Phase 1 will identify current limitations and capabilities of on-chip circuits in current CMOS arrays and design a camera-on-a-chip with more signal processing circuits, including an A/D converter. Phase 2 will fabricate and test the multi-Mega-pixel camera-on-a-chip. Phase 3 will productize the camera as a sellable product to commercial customers.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Multi-Mega-pixel CMOS Camera for: Scientific imaging, medical imaging, professional photography and high definition TV.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
John Burge
West Coast Research Corporation
1527 26th Street
Santa Monica , CA 90404
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
West Coast Research Corporation
1527 26th Street
Santa Monica , CA 90404-3507
PROJECT TITLE: Physics-based atmospheric corrections to hyperspectral imagery
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This project addresses the development of novel atmospheric retrieval and corrections methodology for air- or space-borne hyperspectral imaging that is based on a robust physical propagation model. Atmospheric retrieval is a classical inverse problem that we cast as a global optimization problem. The differences between the model computation and the sensor measurements define an error function in the parameter space that will be minimized using a novel global optimization paradigm developed by the proposal team and recently published in Science Journal. Moreover, sensor measurement uncertainties and model parameter uncertainties are incorporated using sensitivity matrices, in order to achieve a consistent overall reduction in uncertainties, to identify the most plausible solution and define probabilities. NASA"s Atmospheric Emission Spectrometer and AVIRIS flight data will be used for the algorithm development and testing. The Modtran atmospheric propagation model will be numerically enhanced to compute gradients with respect to the atmospheric variables to improve computational efficiency. The gradient enhanced code is utilized for an efficient solution of the inverse problem.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
New remote sensing applications appear each day. Hyperspectral imaging allows now performing precision detection from air- or space-borne platforms. To fully exploit such measurements, errors due to atmospheric interference must be removed. Lack of independent measurements of the atmosphere"s local parameters does not allow for effective solution. The proposed approach will be used to improve image exploitation for all users of hyperspectral imaging including agriculture and precision farming, detection of pollutants, etc. OKSI is working with potential customers and end-users in the precision farming area that have expressed interested in the technology.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Nahum Gat
Opto-Knowledge Systems, Inc. (OKSI)
4030 Spencer St., Suite 108
Torrance , CA 90503-2442
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Opto-Knowledge Systems, Inc. (OKSI)
4030 Spencer St. Suite 108
Torrance , CA 90503-2442
PROJECT TITLE: A 3D Radiative-Transfer Hyperspectral Image Simulator for Algorithm Validation
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The quality of retrieved surface spectral reflectance from hyperspectral imagery depends critically on the accuracy of the atmospheric compensation and surface retrieval algorithms. This proposal addresses the need for an accurate, robust, and efficient means for algorithm validation. The use of field measurements for algorithm validation is expensive, time-consuming, and it is very difficult to provide full and accurate supporting ground truth data for the surface and atmospheric properties. We propose to develop high model fidelity hyperspectral image simulation software based on a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo approach for modeling 3D atmospheric radiative transport as well as 2D spatially inhomogeneous surfaces including Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function effects. The computed hypercubes can serve both as a substitute for and also as a supplement to field validation data. The approach is capable of treating both land and ocean surfaces and the effects of finite clouds with surface shadowing. The Phase I technical objectives are (1) model development and implementation, (2) hyperspectral image simulation, and (3) analysis and algorithm validation. In Phase II a fully generalized approach will be implemented based on a parallel processing PC architecture.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The commercial product is the computed hypercubes, which are intended for algorithm development and validation for the multitude of hyperspectral and multi-spectral satellite and aircraft sensors under development by DoD, NASA, and commercial companies. These sensors span a diverse range of applications such as target detection and identification, precision agriculture, mineral exploration, forest management, ocean resource mapping, and surface pollution detection. There is also potential application to climatological research on atmospheric radiation budget assessment via coupled analyses of ground, aircraft, and satellite based sensor data.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Lawrence S. Bernstein
Spectral Sciences, Inc.
99 South Bedford St. #7
Burlington , MA 01803-5169
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Spectral Sciences, Inc.
99 South Bedford St. #7
Burlington , MA 01803-5169
PROJECT TITLE: Plant Stress Management Program
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This innovation is a comprehensive and systematic plant stress management program incorporating remotely sensed plant stress technology. The program, using the knowledge that lack of chlorophyll in plants indicates plant stress while incorporating GPS data collection capabilities, defines and demonstrates to the farmer how and why he/she will benefit and adopt this technology in the future.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The development of this innovation will enhance:- Precision Agriculture - Horticulture - Agricultural research - Environmental issues
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
John E. Williams
Global Positioning Solutions, Inc.
P.O. Box 89
Inverness , MS 38753
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Global Positioning Solutions, Inc.
P.O. Box 89
Inverness , MS 38753
PROJECT TITLE: Distributed Tools for Mining Remotely Sensed Data
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
There is rapid growth in the amount of remotely sensed (RS) image data. All future NASA and commercial remote sensing projects will have to deal with databases of unprecedent size and complexity. Providing an effective information link between these vast data repositories and the end user is the main obstacle to building a mass market. We propose to develop GeoBrowse, an integrated prototype for interpretation, management and mining of RS data. Key innovations are: 1) support for highly distributed data visualization, analysis, archive and access functions across platforms and the Internet; 2) linking of images, and time series of images, from a variety of RS sensors with intuitive analysis, statistical modeling and prediction tools; 3) support for content-based queries, based on one or more physically relevant database attributes; 4) statistical database management functions to address database scalability, organize or cluster database attributes, visualize hidden trends and associations among attributes, and enable intelligent data mining on a regional scale. Integration of these functions over a distributed network will benefit both end user and provider. The former will access a sophisticated analysis package without purchasing it. The latter will provide a highly competitive and diversified service with superior data mining tools.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
We propose the creation of an image database with linked analysis and visualization capabilities whose functionality is accessible from the world wide web. This allows for the utility of remotely sensed data to be extended into communities that otherwise would not have the infrastructure and knowledge to benefit from NASA"s MTPE vast data resources. The commercial opportunities potentially lead to a broad range of users from application areas such as precision crop monitoring, forestry, transportation, land development and real estate, mineral exploration, and the environment. The underlying technology is readily usable in other application areas including medical imaging, commercial data mining and multi-media applications. The research will also make substantial contributions to MathSoft"s core products on data mining.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Giovanni B. Marchisio
MathSoft, Inc. Data Analysis Product Div
1700 Westlake Ave. N. Suite 500
Seattle , wa 98109
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
MathSoft, Inc. Data Analysis Product Div
1700 Westlake Ave. N. Suite 500
Seattle , WA 98109
PROJECT TITLE: A Heterojunction Solid-state Humidity Sensor for Probing Atmospheric Moisture
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Current meteorological humidity sensors suffer from a range of limitations. At high altitudes (with low pressures and temperatures) they are inaccurate, slow to respond to changes in humidity, and yield data with poor vertical resolution. They are also slow to recover after exposure to liquid water, as encountered on passing through a cloud. All of those factors combine to degrade data quality, and the quality of all derivative products, such as forecasts. Heterocontact sensors are proposed as a solution to this problem. These sensors offer a wide response range (up to six orders of magnitude) for accurate determination of humidity under a wider range of conditions. As solid state devices, they have a faster response time than current sensors. The advantages that these sensors offer can be further extended by including additional features in the sensors themselves, such as the use of dopants to fine tune the conductivity of the semiconducting elements and the addition of catalytic sites at the interface to improve the kinetics of the water electrolysis process, which is the key to the sensors functioning. Prototype sensors will be fabricated and their performance will be tested by evaluating sensitivity as a function of temperature and relative humidity.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
A huge commercial market exists at present for humidity sensors in applications including atmospheric and climate research, industrial processes such as polymer processing industries, the furniture industry, printing and paint industries, paper mills, the tobacco industry, the textile industry, humidity control systems in air conditioners, dryers, microwave ovens, refrigerators, computer rooms, hospitals, cleaning rooms, agricultural soil water content measurement, greenhouse, film processing, monitoring moisture in concrete and composite materials, and other electrical appliances. The proposed sensor, being both smaller and more responsive than current models, will have a wide range of potential applications.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Alan J. Cisar
Lynntech, Inc.
7610 Eastmark Drive, Suite 202
College Station , TX 77840
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Lynntech, Inc.
7610 Eastmark Drive, Suite 202
College Station , TX 77840-4042
PROJECT TITLE: An Ultra-Wide Intensity Range Radiometric Standard
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
In this project, we will utilize the exponential dependence on voltage of the light output of a light emitting diode (LED). This characteristic will allow over 6 orders of magnitude change in intensity with better than 1% accuracy, when driven by the output of an digital-to-analog converter (DAC) of 16 bits resolution or better, such as is used in modern audio equipment. The work will emphasize experiments to precisely measure the temperature dependence of both the prefactor and exponential constant (i.e., the ideality factor) in the diode equation describing the LED's light output; to demonstrate the ability to measure the junction temperature based on the measured exponential constant of the device; and to establish the limits to the range of accurate exponential behavior. The experiments will utilize commercially available LEDs of both conventional PN junction design, and those based on heterostructures. The LED types studied will include high efficiency blue, green, and red -emitting LEDs (heterostructure devices), GaP LEDs (junction devices emitting in the red), and near-infrared LEDs.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Areas of commercial application include use of well calibrated LEDs as radiometric standards in a laboratory setting; as a built-in sensitometry calibrator for cameras used in precision photography or remote sensing; and as a built-in test source for charge coupled device -based video and still photography.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Paul L. Kebabian
Aerodyne Research, Inc.
45 Manning Road
Billerica , MA 01821-3976
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Aerodyne Research, Inc.
45 Manning Road
Billerica , MA 01821-3976
PROJECT TITLE: Addressing Critical Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Challenges
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Vexcel Corporation proposes to directly address several of the most critical and challenging problems limiting the utility and use of repeat-pass interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR). The proposed solutions to these challenges range from new processing algorithms, to new uses for existing or soon-to-exist data, to entirely new measurements which may become extremely valuable for IFSAR calibration. Specifically we address the problems of coherence limitations, accurate determination of interferometric baselines, and atmospheric artifacts. With respect to coherence and phase unwrapping, Vexcel will develop a new techniques to correct coherence and phase calculations for local terrain slopes thereby reducing phase noise and achieving improved interferograms that may be more easily unwrapped. For baseline determination, Vexcel will investigate the issues associated with using Shuttle Radar Terrain Mapping (SRTM) data to achieve automatic ground control point generation. Finally, Vexcel will investigate using radar and other remote sensing techniques adopted from the meteorological community for providing data that will be useful for interpreting atmospheric effects within interferometric SAR data. We expect the results from this SBIR will significantly improve the utility of interferometric data, and facilitate the development of new ideas, possibly from fields other than SAR, for improving IFSAR data products.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The results of the Phase II effort will be directly applicable to Vexcel Corporation's interferometric SAR processing system, which is currently one of the few commercially available IFSAR processing systems in the world. Ease of use, increased reliability and automation will contribute to increased sales. In addition, the results from this SBIR work will have direct application into the NASA science community. The challenges addressed and their solutions will be applicable to data from NASA's Shuttle Radar Topographic Mapping mission, as well as other spaceborne SAR sensors such as Radarsat, ERS, and JERS, and most importantly from future sensors such as LightSAR, Envisat and Radarsat-2. The ability to produce improved data products will also greatly increase the utility and demand for IFSAR products, thus reducing the cost of production of higher level data products, and enabling increased commercial data production and sales
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Richard Carande
Vexcel Corporation
4909 Nautilus Court
Boulder , CO 80301
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Vexcel Corporation
4909 Nautilus Court
Boulder , CO 80301
PROJECT TITLE: Flexible, High Bandwith Phased-array Antenna
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
NASA is interested in fielding a sophisticated spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) for a variety of imaging missions, but historically such systems have proven unaffordable due largely to radar instrument cost, system mass and volume, and associated launch costs. ITN believes that producing a lightweight, cost-effective SAR requires revolutionary approaches and, therefore, we propose a totally new SAR concept, consisting of a flexible antenna blanket with intrinsic structure, thermal control, power and RF distribution functionality. This Multifunctional Structure offers an elegant solution for SAR missions. As with all new ideas, this concept presents an element of technical risk; however, this risk is offset by its high payoff, making our concept perfectly suited for investigation under NASA"s SBIR program.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
As a technology commercialization company, ITN"s mission is to take its new developments to production, whether production is at ITN or by a technology licensee. The focus of this SBIR is developing an MFS blanket specifically for SAR. For an MFS-based SAR system, ITN envisions fabricating the 5 m x 1 m MFS substrates in-house. Our SBIR partner, GE CR&D, would manufacture populated flex-circuits. Due to the high-value of the MCM flex-circuits, GE CR&D would probably integrate the flex-circuits onto the composite substrates, then deliver the integrated subarrays to the spacecraft system prime contractor. This concept also has significant potential for commercial communications satellites (ComSat). Many future ComSat designs are considering phased-array antennas, and mass and volume savings can be directly related to increased payload and revenue stream.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Robert R. Hanson
ITN Energy systems, Inc.
12401 West 49th Avenue
Wheat Ridge , CO 80033
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
ITN Energy Systems, Inc.
12401 West 49th Avenue
Wheat Ridge , CO 80033
PROJECT TITLE: GaAs Planar Varactor Multipliers for Radiometer Applications
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
We propose to design frequency multipliers with output frequencies at 118 GHz, 183 GHz, and 380 GHz. Highly sensitive radiometers operating in the millimeter-wave and submillimeter-wave regime require low noise local oscillators (LO). An ideal LO source exhibits low noise, high output power and efficiency, large bandwidth, high tolerance to mechanical and thermal stress, low mass, and low cost. The source would also ideally be compact and reliable. Most successful frequency multipliers have been either narrow band or highly inefficient and most multipliers employ various mechanical tuners that must be carefully adjusted to optimize the multiplier performance at a given frequency.Virginia Millimeter Wave is uniquely qualified to design and build frequency multipliers that are tuner-less and yet exhibit all of the desirable qualities listed earlier. Our multipliers are based on the earlier work of Dr. David Porterfield, the principal investigator for this proposal. Dr. Porterfield has developed a proven 40/80 GHz frequency doubler that exhibits 50% efficiency at an output power of 100 mW, and a 17% fixed-tuned bandwidth. He has also developed an 80/160 GHz multiplier with a 15% fixed-tuned bandwidth and greater than 2 mW output power over the entire 144-180 GHz band.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Millimeter-wave and submillimeter-wave sources are used primarily as local oscillators in heterodyne radiometers for remote sensing, atmospheric physics, and radio astronomy. They also find application in spectroscopy, imaging, compact radar, collision avoidance radar, and a wide range of laboratory bench functions. Although there are many atmospheric absorption bands above 50 GHz, there are also a large number of low-loss "windows" in this regime that may ultimately become important for the telecommunications industry. The absorption bands may also be useful for telecommunications in the specific areas of wireless local area networks (LAN) and short-range secure links.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
David Porterfield
Virginia Millimeter Wave
706 Forest St., Suite D
Charlottesville , VA 22903
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Virginia Millimeter Wave
706 Forest St., Suite D
Charlottesville , VA 22903
PROJECT TITLE: Preformed Thin-Film Mirrors and Inflatable Support Structures with Integrated Active Control
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Thin-film mirrors with inflatable support structures that incorporate piezoelectric materials for active control will be developed, evaluated, and integrated to provide increased precision in large deployable space systems. This structural shape control approach incorporates: (1) active control of a preformed parabolic mirror/reflector piezoelectric film with an electron gun; (2) active control of an inflated support structure with distributed electrodes; and (3) control algorithms that actuate support structure elements and reflector film segments in unison to compensate for the space thermal environment and dynamics of spacecraft and instrument pointing. Shape control of both pure inflatable and inflation-deployed foam-rigidized structure designs will be compared. Concept feasibility will be evaluated by design analysis and fabrication and testing of prototypes of critical components. Doubly curved support structure torus and strut elements and reflector film segments will be formed from widely available piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and newly available space-tolerant piezoelectric polyimide flat sheet material, then tested and compared.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
User needs can be met for large-scale low-cost 50+ meter lightweight deployable precision spacecraft and instrument thin-film structures and active control reflectors. Applications include next generation telescopes, large antennas, microwave concentrators, and electrical power generation in space.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Rodney Bradford
United Applied Technologies, Inc.
11506 Gilleland Road
Huntsville , AL 35803
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
United Applied Technologies, Inc.
11506 Gilleland Road
Huntsville , AL 35803
PROJECT TITLE: Cryogenic magnetostrictive actuator materials
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The potential for the use of magnetostrictive materials for a variety of applications from adaptive optics, robotics and automation, actuators, and linear motors is great. Several cryogenic magnetostrictive materials have been discovered recently that demonstrates high saturation strains and excellent mechanical properties. These materials are alloys of terbium and dysprosium with zinc (TbDyZn). Currently these materials are fabricated in small, single crystal, and by an expensive process that often requires frequent reformations do to mismatches in the material melting and boiling temperatures. In order to realize the potential of these materials for their applications their costs must be decreased and they must become widely available. The focus of this research effort proposed herein is to develop compounds of alloying materials that more closely match each other and thereby eliminate a time consuming and costly stage in their formation process. The result of this will work will provide a low-cost scalable manufacturing process for these alloys allowing their distribution as a usable magnetostrictive material useful for the applications shown above.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
If successful this project will make low-cost cryogenic magnetostrictive materials available to applications developers. These types of actuators can be used for precise positioning systems such as used in optical systems, semi-conductor fabrication, acoustic control, valves, and pump applications.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Chad H. Joshi
Energen, Inc.
17D Sterling Road
Billerica , MA 01862-2518
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Energen, Inc.
17D Sterling Road
Billerica , MA 01862-2518
PROJECT TITLE: Virtual Satellite Platform
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
tHC proposes a virtual satellite (VirtualSat) platform environment. In this environment, enhanced functionality and autonomy of navigation, guidance and control systems is provided by a virtual satellite simulating its dynamic behavior. Within this virtual environment, it shall be possible to execute any associated software that would benefit from the knowledge of and possible interaction with the virtual satellite for advanced software architectures and formation flying control development. This provides an environment where flight software can be developed, verified and validated. This environment shall be independent of the flight hardware that will eventually host the flight software. This independence shall encompass the specific hardware implementation and its availability. The independence allows flight software to be developed in parallel with the flight hardware or even before the flight hardware. The flight software coded in C/C++ shall be compilable and loadable into the VirtualSat and will not require any special modifications. Therefore, VirtualSat provides an innovative, low cost testbed development capability for multiple spacecraft control for master/slave strategies.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Any organization both large and small will be able to benefit from this virtual satellite environment. Its generic capabilities allow it to be used to in-expensively verify control system designs, control system software, and overall satellite performance. Through the use of OOD technology a satellite can be constructed starting with simple generic sensors and actuators. This simulation models an ideal and becomes a generic truth model for further development of the satellite. As the design progresses, specific sensor and actuator models replace the generic design. The simulation then models the specifics. The virtual satellite can be used as a test platform for flight s/w or as a core element for visualizing the performance of the satellite. A key aspect of VirtualSat will be its OOD. Modeling elements shall be intelligent, allowing generic as well as specific satellite implementations to be simulated. The VirtualSat environment is a useful tool for systems designers, analysts and software engineers.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Stephan R. Hammers
the Hammers Company, Inc.
7474 Greenway Center Drive, Ste #710
Greenbelt , MD 20770
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
the Hammers Company, Inc.
7474 Greenway Center Drive, Suite 710
Greenbelt , MD 20770
PROJECT TITLE: High performance Micromachined Inertial Navigation Unit
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The inertial navigation systems of today are large, heavy, expensive, power consumptive, precision instruments affordable only in high-end systems and platforms. Inertial navigation on a chip will create new capabilities, make high-end functionality affordable to low-end systems, and extend the operational performance and lifetimes of existing platforms. Micromachined inertial navigation or measurement unit (IMU) on a chip is proposed, which are composed of microaccelerometers and microgyroscopes. Top-Vu's innovation and high-payoff approach is to integrate the micromachined IMU?s and very large scale integration (VLSI) electronics on a gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate. The electronics will be implemented using GaAs complementary heterostructure field effect transistor (CHFET) technology. The objective of this project is to develop gallium arsenide (GaAs) based micromachined inertial measurement unit with GaAs electronics for future inertial navigation systems. The Phase I technical objectives (and anticipated results) include three key technical tasks: 1) inertial measurement unit design, 2) process integration, and 3) readout electronics.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The anticipated benefits include order-of-magnitude performance improvements, compared to silicon technology and others, and new applications where silicon fails to meet system requirements. These system requirements include low noise, high speed sensing response, low power, high radiation hardness, low temperature, high temperature, and optical integration. Commercialization is projected with high performance micromachined inertial measurement chips for future inertial navigation systems. Potential commercial applications abound in the aerospace, medical, marine, transportation, military, and automotive industries. The applications for this sensor fall into four categories: control, instrumentation, stabilization, and navigation. Top-Vu will generate a GaAs CHFET cell library readily applicable to high performance sensors, micromachines, signal processors and data acquisition systems for commercial industries. Our goal is to integrate these GaAs IMU?s with our other GaAs microsensors being developed to create powerful next generation microsensor systems. Top-Vu has received commercialization support from Minnesota Defense Consortium and others.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Tho T. Vu
Top-Vu Technology, Inc.
2650 - 14th Street N.W.
St.Paul , MN 55112-6348
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Top-Vu Technology, Inc.
2650 - 14th Street N.W.
St. Paul , MN 55112-6348
PROJECT TITLE: Levitated Segmented Mirror Array
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This Phase I Small Business Innovation Research project will establish the feasibility of a radically different approach to construction of high precision large aperture mirrors in space. The concept is based on a deployable phased array mirror system that will meet or exceed the most demanding requirements for NGST. The most remarkable aspect of this innovative approach is that the entire array is held captive in a controlled grid of local magnetic fields such that the segmented primary is virtually free floating, and thus free from mechanical and thermal distortions. In Phase I we propose to develop the necessary actuators, sensors, and control methodologies to demonstrate the ability to phase match an array of magnetically levitated mirror segments in an Earth based laboratory at room temperature environment. In Phase II this research will continue with the actual fabrication, integration, and testing of an array of up to seven hexagonal mirror segments. This research is designed to demonstrate the high degree of mechanical and thermal isolation between reaction structure and segmented mirror array, thereby allowing one to consider extremely low mass mirror substrates for a variety of applications. Follow-on research would entail upgrading the Phase II testbed for cryogenic environments.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Commercial applications include ultra-high resolution ground based testing of low mass optical mirrors, vibration isolation platforms, and commercial space based laser communications satellites.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Gregory H. Ames
Blue Line Engineering Company
711 S. Tejon, Suite 202B
Colorado Springs , CO 80903
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Blue Line Engineering, Co.
711 S. Tejon, Suite 202B
Colorado Springs , CO 80903
PROJECT TITLE: Cryogenic Fine-Steering Mirror
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The proposed innovations are major improvements to existing fine-steering mirror (FSM) actuator and suspension technology for NASA cryogenic applications such as NGST. Mass of the FSM mechanism is reduced by up to 50%. Simultaneous improvements in power consumption and lateral load capability are also featured. The addition of splits in the magnets to allow full radial mirror ribs provides greater mirror rigidity with less material, allowing the power-efficient loop actuator to be used on mirrors of this size. Innovation #2 is the use of a new flexure configuration with more travel and increased load capability that is simpler to fabricate and assemble and attaches to the mirror backplate, not the skin or ribs, for less distortion with a thinner skin. The result is reduced mass and improved surface figure, acceleration, and power with simpler flexure parts requiring less assembly time and fixturing, thereby also reducing cost. Benefits for GSFC?s NGST program are: reduced cost, lower mass, actuator dissipation of only a few uW at 40K, and launch without mechanical caging for increased reliability. Additional benefits for other space-based applications include: extended travel, chopping can be performed at higher frequencies, at larger amplitudes with lower power for improved images.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Primary applications of the cryogenic FO75-35 include NGST and other space-based infra-red imaging and spectrometry missions. The attractive cost target of $25,000 to $50,000 for laboratory units and $150k to $200k for space flight units, combined with additional advantages in the form of lower power consumption, less heat induced into the optical bench and the ability to perform additional functions such as scanning and chopping, make it appropriate for image stabilization of ground-based observatories and DoD?s infrared seekers as well.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Lawrence M. Germann
Left Hand Design Corporation
7901 Oxford Road
Longmont , CO 80503
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Left Hand Design Corporation
7901 Oxford Road
Longmont , CO 80503
PROJECT TITLE: A low-cost processing method for cryogenic magnetostrictive materials
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Magnetostrictive materials have the potential for a variety of applications from sensors to actuators for adaptive optics, robotics and automation, and linear motors. Recently, several cryogenic magnetostrictive materials have been discovered with high saturation strains and excellent mechanical properties. These materials are alloys of terbium and dysprosium with zinc. The potential applications of these materials include valves, electromechanical actuators, micropositioners among others. These magnetostrictors have been fabricated in small quantities and in single crystal form in order to understand their magnetostrictive behavior. However, in order to realize their application potential, their costs must decrease and they must become more widely available. The focus of the research effort proposed herein is to develop low-cost scalable manufacturing processes for TbDyZn alloys. In order to apply these magnetostrictors, correlation between the grain morphology and the magnetostrictive, mechanical and electrical properties will be established.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
If successful, this project will make low-cost cryogenic magnetostrictive materials available to applications developers. These types of actuators can be used for precise positioning systems such as used in optical systems, semiconductor fabrication, active vibration and acoustic control, precision valves and pumps.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Chad H. Joshi
Energen, Inc.
17D Sterling Road
Billerica , MA 01862-2518
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Energen, Inc.
17D Sterling Road
Billerica , MA 01862-2518
PROJECT TITLE: Integrated Optical Design Evaluation Tool
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The design of large aperture, high precision, optical telescopes, for operation in the space environment, requires detailed analytical models capable of resolving the coupled multiphysics phenomena affecting the performance of the instrument. Thermal, mechanical and optical properties must be simultaneously considered in design analysis. Normally, SRS engineers perform coupled thermomechanical/optical analysis using a suite of analysis tools that includes ALGOR (3-D finite element modeling), OPTICAD and BEAM4 (optical ray tracing), SINDA/G (finite difference thermal analysis) and TRASYS (orbital radiation exchange). Although each of the software packages reside on a common workstation, each requires a separate input file for describing the system, and performing coupled analysis requires tedious manual exchange of analysis results between models. SRS proposes developing software to fully integrate the analysis capabilities of the individual codes to provide the telescope designer with a greatly simplified tool for complete design of large space optics. This innovative analysis tool does not exist in currently available software packages. The integrated tool will allow a broader evaluation to be performed on all design options by eliminating the requirement to create multiple data sets for the same design configuration.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
There is a significant need in the development of large aperture space telescopes for accurate analysis prediction tools. Meeting the stringent optical alignment tolerances necessary for a high quality telescope is one of the primary concerns for this applications. The advantages of having the proposed tool to obtain the optical metrics of the telescope are ease of use and time savings. The proposed program allows the user to utilize all the tools necessary for an integrated analysis without the pre- and post-processing requirements that are necessary at this time. The capabilities of this software offer a distinct advantage over the time consuming methods currently employed to design large telescopes. There is no software currently available on the market that combines the specific software tools required for this unique analysis. The proposal is to make a commercially available software package, which will move SRS Technologies to the forefront of the market in state-of-the-art integrated optical design evaluation tools. This tool will not only be desirable to large aperture space telescope designers but will also meet the needs of evaluators of terrestrial telescopes.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
James Moore
SRS Technologies
500 Discovery Drive
Huntsville , AL 35806
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
SRS Technologies
500 Discovery Drive
Huntsville , AL 35806
PROJECT TITLE: Single Crystal Piezoelectrics For Cryogenic Actuators
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Single crystal piezoelectrics having strains > 1% (an order of magnitude greater than conventional ceramics) are proposed as the electroactive material for adaptive optics on the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST). These single crystals have piezoelectric coefficients at 20 K (the NGST operation temperature) equivalent to those of Type VI PZT at room temperature. Compositional adjustments are proposed to further enhance crystal performance at cryogenic temperatures; a similar methodology was successfully demonstrated at TRS for improving the cryogenic performance of PZT ceramics. Measurements will determine if the electric field induced phase transition, which results in large strains at room temperature, still exists at cryogenic temperatures. Based on cryogenic strain and thermal expansion measurements, design rules will be developed for single crystal multilayer actuators that operate from room temperature to below 20 K. Crystal stack actuators fabricated in this program can serve as the active component in a number of actuator designs being considered for the NGST. TRS Ceramics, Inc. has an exclusive license from The Pennsylvania State University for the use of single crystals in actuator applications. As a producer of specialty piezoelectrics, TRS is in an ideal position to develop actuators for the still developing cryogenic market.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Cryogenic actuator applications are currently as active elements in inchworm motors, resonant screw drives, and flextensional positioners used in the adaptive optics of space-based telescopes such as NGST. Other potential applications include vibration or flap control on high altitude aircraft, flow control of cryogenic fluids, and vibration sensors for cryogenic environments. Fabrication techniques developed in this program will also be used in a broad variety of applications that utilize the high room temperature strain levels of these crystals.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Wesley Hackenberger
TRS Ceramics, Inc.
Suite J, 2820 E. College Ave.
State College , PA 16801-7548
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
TRS Ceramics, Inc.
Suite J, 2820 E. College Ave.
State College , PA 16801-7548
PROJECT TITLE: Tension-Based Support Structures for Very Large Space Telescopes
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The replicated mirror panels being developed by MSFC and the membrane mirrors being studied by JPL offer the potential for the low areal mass densities (a few kg/m2 or less) that will be essential for very large space telescopes, but their value will by fully realized only if similarly low-mass means can be found to support them. The mass of "conventional" designs with a multitude of stiff members and strong moment-bearing joints tends to make them unsuitable for the advanced systems. Far more promising, instead, are tension-based truss structures, much like sailboat masts with their spreaders and stays, that can be very stiff without incurring the mass penalties. Active control would be needed to control deflections, but tension adjustments in the cables might be used to correct the truss?s own structural deformations, and individual actuators could be used for final adjustment of the mirror surface. Sirius has long-standing interest in the design of such tensile-based structures, and proposes to produce a concept for at least one automatically-deployable optical bench structure that will enable packaging of a large aperture into a relatively small launch vehicle payload envelope, and to suggest means for providing an optical surface with the required figure.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Tension-based structures offer significant mass and stored-volume advantages over more conventional compression-based designs for virtually any low load bearing application. Although the proposed Phase I effort will be directed specifically towards deployable optical benches for large space telescopes, commercial opportunities abound for similar concepts that result in easily transported, erected, and disassembled domed structures that can provide large contiguous floor areas without intrusive support columns for sports activities, trade shows, etc.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Glenn W. Zeiders
The Sirius Group
108 Spinnaker Ridge Drive
Huntsville , AL 35824
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
The Sirius Group
108 Spinnaker Ridge Drive
Huntsville , AL 35824
PROJECT TITLE: Ultra Low Weight Turbomolecular Pump
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This project proposes design, manufacture, and testing of an ultra-low weight and volume hybrid turbomolecular pump (TMP). The pump will provide a pumping speed density of roughly 100 l/s/kg (state of the art is 50 l/s/kg) while keeping the pump diameter to ~ 2" and pump length to ~ 5". Innovative features include: 1. A high speed (~200,000 rpm), one piece, titanium rotor with a specially designed first stage, integral Siegbahn-type drag stages, and conical retention features (one that is solenoid actuated) on each end which permit restraint during periods of shock loading (e.g. during launch). 2. A first turbo stage with tapered blade cross-sections, zero radius bore, and a mid-span damper ring to provide very low hub-to-tip radius ratio (~.5), excellent vibration characteristics, large inlet area, and high tip speed (>1800 ft/s). 3. Shrouded late stage rotors with helicoid stator surfaces to act as a parallel molecular drag stages thus providing very high stage pressure ratios (>20) and low ultimate pressure (1e-09 Torr). 4. Unique rotor geometries for each stage with curved and twisted blades which will allow very high-pressure ratio (~ 107 on H2) and minimum stage count (~5). 5. Magnetic bearings, a high turns density motor, and thin lightweight titanium housings and flanges. This system will provide a hybrid turbomolecular pump uniquely suited for instruments deployed in space for in-situ sensing. The pump will supply ~ greater than 50 l/s pumping speed while weighing ~ 1lbm.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The advances proposed here have particular advantage where weight and volume are at a premium. These technologies will lead to a hybrid turbomolecular pump that offers 100 l/s/kg (compared to 50 l/s/kg for present state of the art). Therefore the pump should have advantage in space applications. Furthermore, because the rotors and housings will be much smaller for a given pumping speed, there exists a substantial potential cost reduction for pumps that are larger than 500 l/s. When considering the entire market that could be reached by these technologies the potential is substantial (on the order of 1 billion dollars/yr). However, PADT's market analysis has been confined to three initial markets: space in-situ mass spectrometers, commercial portable mass spectrometers, and semiconductor low pressure plasma vapor deposition reactors. It is difficult to predict the exact size of these markets but analysis has provided rough orders of magnitude. The space in-situ mass spectrometer market is on the order of $10 million/yr. The hybrid pump concept developed here would work well in missions where the exhaust pressure is on the order of 10 Torr (then no backing pump would be required). Several NASA missions are planned which might employ a lightweight turbomolecular pump including trips to Europa, Jupiter, and Mars. Additionally, test labs may also need to use small turbomolecular pumps as part of their ground based testing. The portable mass spectrometer market is on the order of $100 million/yr. Possible applications include: defense related mass spectrometry systems designed to detect contagions at very low concentration; medical mass spectrometers which are designed to aid in patient diagnoses; or portable detectors which could be used for security reasons in airports or hotels. The semiconductor wafer fabrication market is on the order $500 million/yr. Possible applications include low-pressure plasma deposition reactors.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Mark C Johnson
Phoenix Analysis and Design Technologies
4123 E. Coolidge
Phoenix , AZ 85018
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Phoenix Analysis and Design Technologies
1465 N. Fiesta Blvd. Suite 107
Gilbert , AZ 85233
PROJECT TITLE: Raman and SERS Imaging Probe for Extraterrestrial Bioparticle Discovery
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The search for evidence of past or extant life on other planets is a highly significant venture in the US space program, particularly with regard to planned Martian exploration. Thus, means of rapid sorting of particles, their classification as microorganisms, and ultimately their identification in small instrument packages that can be deployed in interplanetary missions are required. We propose to develop a methodology and associated instrumentation for identifying and classifying microorganisms using Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). The method is based on the unique Raman signature provided by cellular and bacterial outer membranes adsorbed on certain nanostructured Raman signal-enhancing metal surfaces. The probe technology will be designed to interface with miniature, low power Raman instrumentation currently being developed by NASA for geological exploration. An additional outcome of the program will be a large database of microorganism SERS spectra, providing a fingerprint "catalog" for rapid reagentless classification. The goal of Phase I is to demonstrate feasibility and conditions for SERS of model bacteria and viruses. Phase II will be directed at sample preparation modules and Raman optical imaging probes suitable for remote analyses of planetary samples gathered, for example, by penetrometers on rover-type vehicles.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Detection and monitoring of microbes in indoor air (combating "sick building syndrome"), water, food, medical fluids; monitors for biological warfare defense; cell/tissue growth bioprocess monitors; medical diagnostics.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Job M. Bello
EIC Laboratories, Inc.
111 Downey Street
Norwood , MA 02062-2612
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
EIC Laboratories, Inc.
111 Downey Street
Norwood , MA 02062-2612
PROJECT TITLE: Paraffin Actuated Wet Chemistry Reagent Tablet Dispenser
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Technical Abstract: This project will develop a sealed reagent tablet dispenser and stirring mechanism for in-situ wet chemistry experimentation on Mars, Europa, the Moon and other celestial bodies. The dispenser will be designed for integration with a complete in-situ wet chemistry experiment such as the Mars Environmental Compatibility Assessment (MECA). No previous experiments to date including MECA have the capability to add chemical reagents to the experiment cell or stir the slurry. This innovative system will utilize a single paraffin actuator to deliver the reagent tablets, puncture the water delivery seal and stir the chemistry experiment. The technology will enable further development of several high profile NASA scientific experiments. The mechanism will have the following features: · sealed dispenser cartridge · integrated stirring mechanism · mass: < 50 grams · overall length including actuator: < 9 cm (3.5 inches) · ability to withstand launch, cruise and destination environments A proof of concept prototype will be designed, manufactured and functionally tested in Phase I. In Phase II the concept will be refined, integrated with the wet chemistry sensor instrument beaker and the sample delivery system, and flight qualified for a specific NASA mission such as the Mars 03 Lander.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Commercial applications include automatic prescription drug dispensing systems for use in outpatient facilities, managed care organizations, assisted living centers and nursing homes.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Kurt Lankford
Starsys Research Corporation
4909 Nautilus Court North
Boulder , CO 80301
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Starsys Research Inc.
4909 Nautilus Court North
Boulder , CO 80301
PROJECT TITLE: High Force Electrokinetic Actuator for Space Surface Operations
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This SBIR Phase I Research Proposal seeks to develop a new phenomena, high pressure electrokinetic (HPEK)pumping, for the development of high force, compact, and low power consumption actuators suitable for a variety of aerospace applications. The Phase I Research will demonstrate the utility of HPEK-based systems by combining them with micromachined structures to effectively translate the high pressure hydraulic flow into usable work. Specific applications are outlined which can employ HPEK technology, including an ultra-compact rock crushing device. The key actuator system for this device will be constructed and tested in order to assess the feasibility for use in sample retrieval and handling systems.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The potential for aerospace as well as commercial applications based on the HPEK technology described in this proposal is extremely broad and significant. These electrokinetic-based liquid pumps open the door for an entirely new class of compact devices for robotics and other applications.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. James J. Scherer
Los Gatos Research
67 East Evelyn Ave
Mountain View , CA 94041
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Los Gatos Research
67 East Evelyn Avenue, Suite 3
Mountain View , CA 94041
PROJECT TITLE: Micro-Cone Penetrometer for Subsurface Characterization and Sampling
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
A lightweight, low power micro-cone penetrometer (MCPT) system is proposed to meet NASA?s need for better subsurface exploration devices. The low cost MCPT will consist of characterization and sampling probes driven into the ground by low reaction force means. Characterization probes will be instrumented with microsensors that provide a real-time, in situ view of the subsurface environment during delivery. These probes will determine soil type, stratigraphy, water/ice content, and temperature. They will also help identify the most interesting locations for sample collection where innovative MCPT sampling probes will extract minimally disturbed core samples from a meter or more below surface. The Phase I program will establish feasibility and develop a prototype system design that minimizes power and weight while maximizing the use of available resources. In Phase II, the prototype will be built, installed on a rover or lander, and tested. Once developed, the MCPT will provide NASA with a highly integrated, versatile subsurface analysis and sampling system that can be deployed from mobile or stationary platforms in future missions to Mars, Europa and other celestial bodies. In these missions, the multi-purpose MCPT will supply valuable data and samples to NASA scientists seeking to understand the origin and evolution of the universe.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The development of a MCPT system will open many new commercial markets to cone penetrometer technology. In particular, the new technology will enable CPT to be used in applications that are cost-sensitive, hazardous to human health, remote, or physically restrictive. Potential applications include: (1) rapid, cost-effective characterization of near-surface leaks from gasoline station tanks, pipelines, etc. (2) safe, in situ characterization of hazardous waste stored in tanks and drums , (3) safe identification of landmines and other unexploded ordnance, (4) confirmation of mineral deposits in remote locations targeted by aerial sensors, (5) environmental sample collection in urban or other congested areas.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
James D. Shinn
Applied Research Associates, Inc.
RR#1 Box 120-A, Waterman Road
South Royalton , VT 05068
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Applied Research Associates, Inc.
RR#1 Box 120-A, Waterman Road
South Royalton , VT 05068
PROJECT TITLE: APD Arrays for Scintillating Fiber Readout
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Scintillating fiber detectors are a promising technology for astronomical observation of high energy gamma rays (> 20 MeV), neutrons and protons. These detectors are capable of providing both spectroscopic and imaging characteristics in a compact, self triggering design. In view of their promising properties, the scintillating fiber detectors are being considered for NASA mission concepts such as GLAST (Gamma Ray Large Area Space Telescope) as well as for neutron telescopes such as SONTRAC (SOlar Neutron TRACking telescope). The goal of the proposed project is to investigate the use of novel, high gain, silicon avalache photodiode (APD) arrays that RMD has recently produced using planar processing in reading out these scintillating fibers. The expected advantages of using these APD arrays include fast response, high signal to noise ratio, compact design, low power consumption and high quantum efficiency. The aim of the Phase I project will be to demonstrate the feasibility of using such APD arrays in reading out scintillating fibers.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The low cost, high gain APD arrays which we plan to develop in the proposed effort will have numerous commercial applications over and above space research. Medical imaging modalities such as SPECT and PET which involve hundreds of scintillation detectors coupled to optical sensors will directly benefit from advances in the APD technology. The compactness, high gain, high speed and good quantum efficeincy of APDs will lead to cheaper and less bulky instrumentation with higher performance. High energy physics will be another potential application. Non destructive testing, and materials research including synchrotron applications will also be potential markets for the planar APD array technology.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Kanai Shah, M.S.
Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc.
44 Hunt St.
Watertown , MA 02472-4699
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc.
44 Hunt St.
Watertown , MA 02472-4699
PROJECT TITLE: Adaptation of Membrane Isolated STJs for Arrays of X-Ray Detectors with Enhanced Energy Resolution
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Superconducting X-ray detectors offer the potential for improved performance over detectors that are now commercially available. HYPRES proposes to design superconducting detectors that realize this improved performance, including energy resolution. HYPRES will exploit its ability to produce ultra-high quality Nb STJ's to relax temperature constraints for X-ray detection. This goal will be met using micromachining techniques to reduce phonon losses, NbN leads to enhance trapping efficiency, and, ultimately, optimized SQUID-based electronics to maximize readout quality. HYPRES has already established the feasibility of producing high-quality STJs on micromachined SiN membranes. Junction performance was measured as a function of temperature and compared well to BCS theory. The Phase I work plan calls for calibration of these STJs as X-ray detectors. NbN leads will be added and, in Phase II, the HYPRES SQUID array amplifier will be modified and integrated on the chip.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Under this program HYPRES will become a commercial source of cost-effective, reliable high-energy resolution monolithic X-ray detectors for soft X-rays. These sensors are in demand at synchrotron sources, for X-ray astronomy, and for elemental compositional analysis. Detection of controlled X-rays can yield important diagnostic scientific information. This project will produce an X-ray detector with an enhanced performance/cost ratio, suitable for application for NASA projects, as well as in the microelectronics fabrication and metallurgy industries.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Darren K. Brock
HYPRES, Inc.
175 Clearbrook Rd.
Elmsford , NY 10523-1101
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
HYPRES, Inc.
175 Clearbrook Road
Elmsford , NY 10523-1109
PROJECT TITLE: Low-Cost Fabrication, Lightweight Optics, Mirrors, and Benches
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Most space and military applications require lightweight and extremely stable optical systems that must perform in adverse environments. Traditionally, beryllium, titanium or silicon carbide is used for such applications, but at severe cost penalties. Low microyield strength, and distortion attributed to Nabbarro creep are some of the property concerns. Currently used materials show adequate to favorable optical qualities but they are costly to manufacture and do not solve the micro-creep problem. New processes are being developed to address these issues but are resulting in higher manufacturing costs. Glassy metals combined with low cost manufacturing technologies will produce superior optical components. The selection of glassy metals offers a unique solution for micro-creep. There is considerable reported data and experience with the materials that validates this important mechanical property. Glassy metals exhibit essentially no plastic yield when stressed to failure. This is desirable in the case of repeated loading due to high stress because there is essentially no hysteresis. This quality results in optical components that stay in focus through thermal cycling. Glassy metals are more readily machined than HIP Be/BeO, silicon carbide-filled metal matrix alloys or silicon. Innovative manufacturing technologies are proposed to form near net optical components from glassy metals.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Applications include large earth based optics, optical benches, optical mirrors, cryogenic storage vessels, ducts, manifolds, fuel oil and hot water tanks, medical and residential oxygen tanks, gas cylinders, hazardous waste containers, and protecting spacecraft from atomic oxygen. High potential in rapid tooling for molds, mandrels, dies, and complex free form metal components near net shape that require low-cost and lightweight.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Timothy McKechnie
Plasma Processes, Inc.
4914 - D Moores Mill Rd.
Huntsville , AL 35811
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Plasma Processes, Inc.
4914 D Moores Mill Rd.
Huntsville , AL 35811-1558
PROJECT TITLE: X-ray imaging spectrometer with large aperture and high collection efficiency
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
An x-ray imaging spectrometer is proposed. The innovation presented in this proposal allows us to produce large size single crystals bent in two orthogonal directions without excessive mechanical stress in the crystal. The x-ray imaging spectrometer, which can be constructed using these crystals will have approximately two orders of magnitude higher x-ray flux collection capability and compact size, as compared to conventional designs. Phase I effort will demonstrate image forming, spatial and spectral resolution, aberrations and their correction with analytical and numerical ray-tracing modeling, experimental demonstrations and testing. Special NASA space science areas which would directly benefit from such x-ray optics include hard x-ray imaging and spectroscopy of energetic phenomena occurring within space plasmas, high spectral resolution x-ray spectroscopy for selectively measure composition of extraterrestrial soils and atmospheres, and non-destructive evaluation of materials and structures.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Potential scientific, medical and industrial applications include x-ray spectroscopy with conventional, laser plasma or synchrotron x-ray sources, high spatial and spectral resolution imaging, x-ray microscopy, thermal neutron spectroscopy. Simultaneous positional and spectral resolution would provide the basis for dual-energy digital subtraction x-ray angiography and mammography. Potential industrial applications include non-destructive evaluation of materials and structures, high resolution sub-surface imaging of semiconductor microelectronics components.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Ferenc Raksi
Opt-X, Inc.
2331 Leslie Circle
Ann Arbor , MI 48105
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Opt-X, Inc.
2331 Leslie Circle
Ann Arbor , MI 48105
PROJECT TITLE: Sensitive Magnetometer for Interplanetary Magnetic-Field Measurements
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This small business innovation research phase I project explores the fabrication of high sensitivity, room temperature, stable, miniaturized magnetometers to be ideally applied to measure the dc magnetic field in interplanetary space. Typically, the sensitivity of fluxgate magnetometers is strongly dependent on the noise level of Barkhausen jumps generated from the motion of domain walls upon the application of a drive field. We propose to fabricate fluxgate magnetometers using insulating instead of metallic magnetic films, such as single crystal YIG thick films. This would totally eliminate domain wall motion. As such, the sensitivity of the fluxgate magnetometer can be enhanced, up to a limit set by the intrinsic rotational motion of the magnetization vector. For the proposed research we will model the performance of an insulating fluxgate magnetometer and complete proof-of-concept experiments. We will test prototype devices upon completion of the modeling. This research will seek to provide low-cost room-temperature techniques that will facilitate the commercialization of the device so that high-performance low-noise magnetometer can find broader applicability in the sensor industries.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The fluxgate sensor continues to be the preferred transducer for magnetic field vector measurements, not only because the supporting electronics is fairly simple and reliable, but also because new developments in materials sciences continue to push the noise figure to its intrinsic quantum limit. It is now approaching the point where the fluxgate device becomes an attractive alternative to the more complicated and costly SQUID fluxmeter. Fluxgate magnetometers have been used in a variety of applications, such as magnetic air-borne detection, search and surveillance operations, nondestructive testing of materials, palaeomagnetism, and exploration of magnetic fields in space. The increased sensitivity of the proposed device can further increase its applicability, for example, in medical imaging sensor applications. Our proposed device would result in the highest sensitivity, and, hence, its application is unlimited.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Hoton How
ElectroMagnetic Applications
300 Commercial St., Suite 805
Boston , MA 02109
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
ElectroMagnetic Applications, Inc.
300 Commercial St. Suite 805
Boston , MA 02109
PROJECT TITLE: Plasma Charge Balancing System for S/C Floating Potential Control
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Electrostatic potential control of spacecraft is important to improve measurements of low energy charged particle spectra by scientific payloads that are exposed to varying space plasma environments. Previously this control has been accomplished using a power supply connected between the spacecraft frame and a plasma contactor derived from electric propulsion technology. Unfortunately, the existing plasma contactor designs can affect other scientific instruments due to their inherently noisy operation, or by interactions between space and the contactor plasma due to the energic expansion of the dense contactor plasma. An innovative plasma charge balancing system capable of directly affecting specie energy distributions is proposed as an improvement over traditional plasma contactor systems. A series of experiments is described to verify this concept and demonstrate (1) reduced noise generation and (2) mitigation of the effects of the contactor plasma expansion. Benefits to NASA of using this technology would be the near-term availability of a versatile potential control system suitable to a wide range of future scientific spacecraft.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
A plasma charge balancing system could provide the basis for an advanced surface charge control system in ground-based microelectronic processing devices.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. John D. Williams
Electric Propulsion Laboratory, Inc.
1040 Synthes Ave.
Monument , CO 80132
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Electric Propulsion Laboratory, Inc.
1040 Synthes Ave.
Monument , CO 80132
PROJECT TITLE: Compact, low power optical frequency shifting element
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This Phase I proposal is to develop a low cost, optical frequency shifter using micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. The proposed device will be tunable over a wide frequency range, consume minimal electrical power, and be packaged in a commercial integrated circuit package. By replacing conventional frequency modulators, the proposed device will reduce the size, weight and power consumption of the space-based interferometers that NASA is planning to launch in the future. In addition to frequency modulation, the device can be used modulate phase of a beam and as a fast optical shutter. The Phase I work will include analytical and modeling work to predict signal performance, in particular diffraction efficiency and switching time scales. The Phase I work will also include design and fabrication of a low speed prototype system and experimental work aimed at characterizing system performance in the laboratory.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed device has commercial applications in many areas where optical frequency and phase shifting devices are currently used, including interferometers, laser vibrometers, laser velocimeters, and laser particle sizing instruments. As an optical shutter, the device can be employed in optical communication networks and in laboratory optical systems.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
James E. Millerd, Ph.D.
MetroLaser, Inc.
18010 Skypark Circle #100
Irvine , CA 92614-6428
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
MetroLaser Inc.
18010 Skypark Circle,Suite 100
Irvine , CA 92614-6428
PROJECT TITLE: Ultra-Stable 1.3-micron Lasers for Precision Metrology
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
We propose a new configuration for a 1.3-m single-frequency, diode-pumped solid state laser in which the gain element is a birefringent crystal within a linear resonator. In Phase I, the proposed configuration would be adapted to the 1.3-m transition in Nd:Vanadate to produce a suitable source for precision laser metrology at a wavelength where silicon photodetectors are insensitive. Dispersion introduced by the crystal restricts oscillation to a single longitudinal mode while precession of the polarization state reduces spatial hole burning. The latter effect improves both the efficiency of operation and the robustness of the line-selection mechanism. This will be the first demonstration of this effect in a laser host other than YLF, and at this wavelength. In terms of long-term frequency stability, external-resonator geometries have advantages compared to monolithic structures because of a superior tolerance to fluctuations in pump power and ambient conditions, and may be operable without the need for external reference sources. This is a significant advantage in space-based metrology applications. The longer wavelength prevents scattered light from the metrology laser from contaminating the sensitive CCD-detectors in long base-line optical telescopes. . The Phase I program is expected to yield a preliminary design for an integrated source.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Commercial applications include coherent systems for precision metrology, precision interferometry, holography, and remote sensing. Monitoring of wind fields is a particularly important example of coherent remote sensing. The proposed source would also be used as a master oscillator for injection seeding in LIDAR systems and general scientific applications.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
John H. Flint
Q-Peak, Inc.
135 South Road
Bedford , MA 01730
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Q-Peak, Inc.
135 South Road
Bedford , MA 01730
PROJECT TITLE: Micro-Dynamic Shock Absorber
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Future spacecraft science instruments must hold position with sufficient stability to image planets around distant stars. These instruments must either passively tolerate, or actively compensate for, the dynamic disturbances created by the rest of the spacecraft. Recent ground research and spaceflight experimentation has shown that any onboard mechanism can be a significant source of transient, micro-strain level shocks, sufficient to prevent even actively controlled instruments from functioning properly. Traditional means of passive shock dissipation are unreliable at these levels because of the greatly reduced material damping at nanometer scale motions. The proposed innovation combines carefully controlled ball bearing interfaces with precision springs to form a micro-dynamic shock absorber. Bearings provide a predictable means of dissipating unwanted transient shocks and springs provide a restoring force ensuring the component is dimensionally stable to the nanometer level. The use of ball bearings as damping elements provides two advantages to the proposed innovation; its performance can be tuned for specific structural performance and can be modeled accurately enough to include in detailed control system designs. The proposed micro-dynamic shock absorber will provide an easily integrated means of reducing the effects of transient shocks and persistent disturbances on passive and active science instruments.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Commercial Apps: The micro-dynamic shock absorber is an easily integrated component that will provide a well modeled and custom tuned level of vibration and shock attenuation to any optical or high frequency detector. In addition to the wide range of high gain communications antennas on commercial satellites, several of the next generation constellations are considering the use of high bandwidth optical links. The proposed innovation would be ideally suited for these applications because of its low cost and ease of integration. For terrestrial applications, the innovation would provide shock isolation and absorption for optical benches, interferometers, and laser mounts. The semiconductor industry alone has spent many millions of dollars on vibration suppression equipment for photo lithography tools.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Peter A. Warren
Foster-Miller, Inc.
350 Second Avenue
Waltham , MA 02154
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Foster-Miller, Inc.
350 Second Avenue
Waltham , MA 02154
PROJECT TITLE: Low-power, Light-weight, Solid State Thermal Control Technology
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
State-of-the-art thermal control technologies are limited in their ability and increasingly unsatisfactory in their ability to provide the performance desired for chip level electronics and aerospace applications. This effort seeks to develop novel Germanium-based quantum confined structures to enable solid state thermal control technology. Phase I will establish the proof-of-concept, Phase II will optimize, while Phase III will commercialize the technology.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Spin-off applications include waste heat recovery, home refrigeration, air conditioning, portable climate systems, cooling of CCDs, infrared detectors, thermal management of ICs and electronic components.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Zack Wu, Ph.D.
Nanomaterials Research Corp.
2620 Trade Center Avenue
Longmont , CO 80503
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Nanomaterials Research Corp.
2620 Trade Center Avenue
Longmont , CO 80503
PROJECT TITLE: High Performance Lightweight Heat Pipe Panels
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Current aluminum heat pipe systems offer excellent heat rejection capability for modern spacecraft, but carry a high mass penalty. A graphite-aluminum heat pipe system being developed by COI/R3 and Dynatherm potentially offers comparable thermal performance as all-aluminum systems, but at greater stiffness and lighter weight. This hybrid heat pipe system would also be designed for mass production to reduce costs. The focus of this study will be to optimize the working design of a graphite-aluminum heat pipe system that uses ammonia as the working fluid. Critical design parameters include thermal performance, weight, cost, and material compatibility. Preliminary material level testing has yielded favorable results, but there are numerous technical issues that arise from integrating the subsystems into a full panel. Methods to improve performance through material selection and design will be evaluated, as will efforts to reduce costs through reducing labor requirements or improving the extrusion processes. Currently, this technology is optimized for the Teledesic spacecraft program, but would be applicable to any system that rejects heat in the 40 - 70 C range. Evaluation of other working fluids will also be conducted that would expand the applicability of this technology to even more programs.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
This technology has been developed for the low cost, high production requirements of low Earth orbit communication satellite systems. The panels are being designed to be mass produced in assembly line format, which will significantly lower unit costs. Low Earth communication satellite systems will eliminate the signal delays associated with traditional communication satellites, but will require numerous units in a constellation. The cost benefits of mass production and reduced weight are therefore significantly increased over single-unit applications.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Grant Williams
Composite Optics, Incorporated
9617 Distribution Avenue
San Diego , CA 92121
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Composite Optics, Incorporated
9617 Distribution Avenue
San Diego , CA 92121
PROJECT TITLE: Loop Heat Pipe Radiator with Integrated porous Metal Heat Exchanger
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The innovation of the proposed effort is an advanced loop heat pipe (LHP) radiator with a liquid and/or vapor heat exchanger, with porous/solid metal elements, integrated with the high heat flux LHP evaporator. Solid metal elements (metal posts on the wall) are joined together with porous metal elements (sintered), thus forming a composite structure, to provide both high local fluid-to-structure heat transfer and high fin efficiency of the structure. The proposed heat exchanger design can also be used for CPL-radiators.The result of this effort will be a high-efficiency low-weight radiator with a heat exchanger capable of working directly with both single-phase and two-phase fluid flows. The mass reduction and volume reduction are due to the shorter and/or smaller diameter LHP evaporators with heat exchangers versus conventional LHP radiators, which is possible due to combining high heat flux LHP evaporators with the proposed porous metal heat exchangers. An experimental liquid-cooled LHP with a single-phase heat exchanger integrated with a high heat flux evaporator will be modeled, designed, built and tested in Phase I of this effort (two samples will be built). Three full-size advanced LHP-radiators with the porous metal heat exchangers will be built in the Phase II. Three heat exchangers integrated with the LHP radiators will be connected in parallel and tested with single phase liquid, two-phase fluid flow and single-phase saturated vapor at the inlet to demonstrate the robustness of the design and the possibility of putting together arrays of the LHP radiators.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The commercial product related to this proposed effort is loop heat pipes with compact universal heat exchangers integrated with LHP evaporators, capable of working with single-phase liquid, two-phase flows and gas at the inlet. LHPs with compact heat exchangers will be used in thermal control systems of future space stations, aircraft anti-icing systems and, possibly, in electronics cabinets cooling.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dmitry K. Khrustalev
Thermacore, Inc.
780 Eden Road
Lancaster , PA 17601
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Thermacore, Inc.
780 Eden Road
Lancaster , PA 17601
PROJECT TITLE: HIGHLY REFLECTIVE AND CONDUCTING SPACE STABLE THERMAL CONTROL COATING
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
NASA has identified the need to reduce spacecraft electrostatic discharges (ESD) while concurrently reducing spacecraft solar thermal load. Thus there is a need for improved low alpha electrically conductive coatings. AZ Technology proposes to design, test and demonstrate a prototype innovative space stable white (solar absorptance less than 0.1) electrically conductive (surface resistivity less than 5 x 1007 ohm/sq.) coating that will be effective in reducing spacecraft ESD and solar thermal loading. This novel coating will be resistant to space environment degradation effects and be easily applied to complex surfaces via high-volume, low-pressure spray technology. AZ Technology?s new low alpha electrically conductive (LAEC) coating will improve upon existing state-of-the-art technology and allow greater latitude in design to spacecraft engineers.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Successful completion will result in a product which will be used by industries developing commercial electronic products and defense related space flight vehicles. Commercial use of the product will be of interest to industries such as communications satellites, remote sensors, radar and any applications requiring conduction or dissipation of an electrical charge where bare metal would not be appropriate or cost effective, such as shipboard (including naval aircraft applications) electronic systems that are very susceptible to corrosion problems. Application to petroleum storage tanks is a potential market where solar thermal loading needs to be minimized to reduce hazardous vapors that an ESD could ignite.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Howard B. Dunn
AZ Technology, Inc.
4901 Corporate Drive, Suite 101
Huntsville , AL 35805
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
AZ Technology, Inc.
4901 Corporate Drive, Suite 101
Huntsville , AL 35805
PROJECT TITLE: A Mixed Oxide Negative Electrode Material for Li-ion Batteries
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Yardney Technical Products, Inc. proposes a collaborative program to develop and demonstrate an innovative type of Li-ion battery based on a novel mixed metal oxide negative electrode material optimized to NASA's high specific energy (150 Wh/kg), high energy density (300 Wh/l) and high cycle life (>1000 cycles) requirements for future rechargeable batteries. The negative electrode material will offer the exceptional reversible capacity demonstrated with tin oxide (500-650mAh/g) without the irreversible capacity that has limited the applicability of tin oxide anode materials. The novel negative electrode material will be based on a mixed inorganic phase of lithium silicon, tin and iron or magnesium. The proposed materials are more stable than the carbonaceous materials currently used in Li-ion cells, thus a system with improved stability is possible. Further, the materials will offer broad materials compatibility facilitating development of a technology with improved low temperature performance. To maximize the specific energy and energy density of the cell, advanced materials will be incorporated into all aspects of the cell design. The result will be a cell which will offer high cycle life characteristic of Li-ion technologies, but with much improved performance.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The phenomenal commercial success of Li-ion technologies throughout the consumer and industrial markets speaks to the potential for an improved Li-ion technology. The current Li-ion technologies have been accepted due to their high energy density and high cycle life despite their high cost and device specificity. The proposed technology will offer rate and cycle life performance comparable to the current Li-ion technologies with improved energy density thus will enjoy a unique competitive advantage. Yardney technical products has developed a true prismatic cell design which as been scaled to large cell sizes (30Ah). The proposed technology in a large prismatic design will provide improved performance for target applications including electric wheelchairs, electric scooters, electric vehicles and GEO satellite power.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Grant Ehrlich
Yardney Technical Products, Inc.
82 Mechanic St.
Pawcatuck , CT 06379
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Yardney Technical Products, Inc.
82 Mechanic Street
Pawcatuck , CT 06379
PROJECT TITLE: Electrochemical Stabilization of the LiCo(x)Ni(1-x)O(2) Cathode Materials
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Despite the success of Sony and others with Co-based Li-ion batteries,cathode materials with higher capacities present a major development challenge in the U.S. The program objective of this Phase I is the synthesis of a stabilized LiCo(x)Ni(1-x)O(2) intercalation cathode material with enhanced capacity and improved cycle life. Our innovation is concerned with doping the lithiated mixed-metal oxide with a third metal ion which is judiciously selected to stabilize its structure. The dopant ion will prevent irreversible site exchanges between Li and transition metal ions within the lattice of the mixed-metal oxides, the root cause of capacity loss in the undoped materials. These materials will be developed for use in future planetary missions requiring high energy density rechargeable batteries capable of operating at low temperatures. In Phase I we will synthesize, characterize, and demonstrate the enhanced cycle life of the doped LiCo(x)Ni(1-x)O(2) cathode materials, and test the viability of these materials for future planetary missions by performance testing with electrolytes formulated for low temperatures.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
These cathode materials will be the key components in high energy density,long cycle life rechargeable Li-ion batteries for military and commercial uses. Li-ion batteries with these new high capacity, high voltage LiCo(x)Ni(1-x)O(2) cathodes will find use in both the government and private sectors. Potential consumer products in which they can be used include hand-held communication devices, portable computers, and remote power packs. Government applications include planetary space missions for NASA and communication devices for the U.S. military.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Maria A. Rzeznik
Covalent Associates, Inc.
10 State Street
Woburn , MA 01801-6820
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Covalent Associates, Inc.
10 State Street
Woburn , MA 01801-6820
PROJECT TITLE: Lithium-Copper Chloride Rechargeable Battery for Low Temperature Space Power
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This project will determine whether the practical operating range of the Li/CuCl2 rechargeable battery can be extended from the present 52.9 Whr/kg at -70 C to below -100 C. The high specific energy, high power (e.g. 181 Whr/kg, 190 W/kg at 23 C), low self-discharge rate (0.8%/month) and excellent safety make inorganic electrolyte Li/CuCl2 cells particularly suited for planetary spacecraft and probes where ultra low temperature operation is required. The Li/CuCl2 battery with present technology may also be attractive for NASA applications from +75 to -70 C for communications, tools, robotic devices and computers. During Phase I, it is anticipated that by employing several innovations such as new electrolyte cosolvents with freezing points below -100 C, it will be demonstrated that the Li/CuCl2 battery can provide greater than 25 Whr/kg at -90 C at 0.20 mA/cm2 and can be charged at -90 C or below. About 45% of the proposed project would consist of the construction and testing of Li/CuCl2 cells to characterize and improve the ultra-low temperature charging performance. A preliminary design for practical 5 Ahr or larger Li/CuCl2 cells in hermetically welded metal cases will be prepared for a specific NASA application.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The results of the proposed project could have potential use for civilian commercial applications such as power for outdoor communications, tools, lighting equipment for farmers, sportsmen, police, construction and highway crews. With a breakthrough in electrolyte cosolvents, Li/CuCl2 would be the battery of choice for cellular telephones, portable civilian electronics, laptop computers and hybrid electric vehicles.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Frederick Dampier
Lithium Energy Associates, Inc.
225 Crescent Street
Waltham , MA 02453
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Lithium Energy Associates, Inc.
225 Crescent Street
Waltham , MA 02453
PROJECT TITLE: Low Cost, High Energy Density Ni-Mg Batteries
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Effective energy storage is a key issuer of NASA space power system. Secondary batteries are considered as candidates for the portable and rechargeable energy storage. The primary criteria for rechargeable batteries are high energy density and low cost. NASA's goal is to increase battery energy density over Ni-Cd (60 Wh/kg) and Ni-H2, (61 Wh/kg) and retain hundreds of cycles. Although, current Ni-LaNi5 type hydride battery already hits the energy density of 67 Wh/kg and life of 300 cycles, Nanomaterials Research Corporation (NRC) seeks to develop and demonstrate Ni-Mg batteries with more than 300 Wh/kg energy density using innovative materials and surface engineering. Phase I will systematically establish the proof-of-concept; Phase II will optimize, scale-up and fabricate prototype batteries for power supply applications; Phase III will commercialize the technology.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Spin-off commercial applications include power sources for electric vehicles, computers, cellular phone, power toys, portable consumer electronics, medical and military instruments.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Ming Au
Nanomaterials Research Corp.
2620 Trade Center Avenue
Longmont , CO 80503
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Nanomaterials Research Corp.
2620 Trade Center Avenue
Longmont , CO 80503
PROJECT TITLE: Low Cost High Energy Density Lithium-ion Batteries for Low Temperature Applications
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
A low cost high energy density lithium-ion battery system is proposed based on doped Mn-based cathode material and low cost domestic graphite in 1M LiPF6 electrolyte with ternary carbonate-based organic solvents. A series of modified Mn-based lithium intercalation compounds will be synthesized by sol-gel process and characterized using analytical as well as electrochemical techniques. The potential candidate materials will further be evaluated as cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. Cathodes and anodes will be prepared by using a well-established electrodes fabrication technique. The reversible capacity of the modified LiMxMn2-xO4 will be evaluated by developing half-cells with metallic lithium as the counter electrode. Several prismatic design lithium-ion pouch cells will be made with the low temperature electrolyte to examine the feasibility of the proposed concept.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The rechargeable battery market is growing rapidly and lithium-ion batteries are taking over the market share from Ni-MH and Ni-Cd even with the higher cost. Because of the several advantageous characteristics (low cost, high energy density and environmentally benign) of our proposed lithium-ion battery system, the developed technology will have wide variety of commercial applications such as cellular phone, laptop computer and even electric vehicle.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Sohrab Hossain
MER Corporation
7960 S. Kolb Rd.
Tucson , AZ 85706
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
MER Corporation
7960 S. Kolb Rd.
Tucson , AZ 85706
PROJECT TITLE: Improved, Oriented Polymer Composite Electrolytes for Secondary Lithium Batteries
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
New polymer electrolytes are needed for lithium batteries to improve their performance, safety and reliability. Accomplishing this task would improve the power options for present and future space exploratory missions. The proposed effort seeks to demonstrate the effectiveness of a new type of composite polymer electrolyte for lithium batteries. The work proposed here includes synthesis and characterization of an innovative, new polymer/composite electrolyte. The synthesis will include new methods for preparing these electrolytes using an innovative chemical approach. This feasibility demonstration will involve the electrochemical characterization of the proposed electrolyte and limited battery testing of the better candidate electrolytes to demonstrate their effectiveness.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
When successful, the proposed technological innovation would benefit NASA because the proposed electrolytes would result in safer, more reliable secondary batteries with greater energy and power density. The private sector would also benefit from this technological development since the market for portable power to run the latest electronic gadget seems insatiable. Development of improved, safe high power batteries must continue since the demand for new electronics continues unabated.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
R. Scott Morris
Cape Cod Research, Inc.
19 Research Road
East Falmouth , MA 02536
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Cape Cod Research, Inc.
19 Research Road
East Falmouth , MA 02536
PROJECT TITLE: High Efficiency InGaP/GaAs Linear Concentrator Arrays
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Spire proposes to develop two-junction In(x)Ga(1-x)P/GaAs tandems as high-efficiency concentrator solar cells. Efficiency of present In(0.49)Ga(0.51)P/GaAs tandems is below the desired 30% AM0 level. We propose to make a major change to the present design, which should result in 33% AM0 10-sun cells. The In(0.49)Ga(0.51)P/GaAs combination was chosen since it is lattice-matched. Current-matching is achieved by thinning the In(0.49)Ga(0.51)P top cell to leak light into the lower GaAs cell. The overall result is a Jsc of ~16 mA/cm2. If the bandgap of the top cell is raised from 1.85 eV to 2 eV, a Jsc of ~18 mA/cm2 is possible and the voltage should increase by ~150 mV due to the higher bandgap and another ~120 mV due to the higher solar insulation. We will investigate two different 2 eV top cells. The first option is innovative; In(0.42)Ga(0.58)P, which exhibits a 0.4% mismatch to GaAs, will be used. We believe an indium-based cell with only 0.4% mismatch may not be degraded substantially from one that is lattice-matched. The second option is an InAlGaP lattice-matched cell; the challenge here is to grow long-lifetime material (difficult due to the reactivity of aluminum with oxygen).
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed two-junction InGaP/GaAs concentrator cells are usable in a variety of space power systems with concentration ratios from one through ten suns. Such low concentration systems are of interest (NASA WIRE, AF MightySat) in order to lower array cost by reducing III-V solar cell area, as well as obtaining a boost in efficiency due to the higher solar insolation, while having less severe pointing requirements than high concentration systems.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Steven J. Wojtczuk, Ph.D.
Spire Corporation
One Patriots Park
Bedford , MA 01730-2396
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Spire Corporation
One Patriots Park
Bedford , MA 01730-2396
PROJECT TITLE: Zero Gravity - PEM Regenerative Fuel Cell Energy Storage System
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I program addresses the development of a zero gravity compatible Proton Exchange Membrane Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cell (PEM URFC) Energy Storage System. The PEM URFC provides the advantages of a primary fuel cell but can recharge itself from an electrical power supply providing very high density energy storage. This system is the functional equivalent of a battery yet has the highly attractive features of a fuel cell such as high specific energy, high energy density, and long cycle life. For long discharge missions, such as operation during lunar night or for highly elliptical orbits, the PEM URFC is the most effective overall mission solution. Key development required relates to improved reliability and zero gravity operational compatibility. Both of these issues are addressed by development of static water feed (electrolysis operation) and static water removal (fuel cell operation). Phase I will focus on demonstrating the feasibility of the static water feed/static water removal approach in the URFC without degrading cell performance. We will rapidly transition the results of the successful Phase I into Phase II prototypes of energy storage products suitable for development into flight hardware or into commercial products.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
URFCs can create unique energy storage systems based on the generation and storage of hydrogen/oxygen. Important related applications include any long discharge orbital profiles, lunar/planetary day/night cycles, atmospheric monitoring, surveillance, and communications. URFCs could also be used in off-grid energy storage applications for remote homes, villages, factories, monitoring stations, and on-grid peak shaving.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Trent Molter
Proton Energy Systems Inc.
50 Inwood Road
Rocky Hill , CT 06067
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Proton Energy Systems Inc.
50 Inwood Road
Rocky Hill , CT 06067
PROJECT TITLE: Asymmetric Supercapacitor Based on Nanostructured Electrode Materials
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
A high performance asymmetric-type supercapacitor exploiting the exceptional properties of nanostructured materials to yield both high power density and high energy density is proposed. Specifically, US Nanocorp?s developmental nanoscale gamma-phase manganese dioxide, MnO2,and a carbon nanofiber under development at Florida Atlantic Univ. (Prof. S. Lipka) are expected to play a synergistic role in the fabrication of a high voltage supercapacitor with specific energy expected to achieve 20 Wh/kg and power density in excess of 5-10 kW/kg. The electrochemical couple formed from an exceptionally high surface area carbon nanofiber electrode (400 m2/g), in combination with a nanoscale gamma-MnO2 electrode is expected to result in a high voltage device with a fast charge/discharge response (> 100 Hz). JME, Inc., a leader in supercapacitor design and modelling, will assemble and pre-test bipolar asymmetric supercapacitor cells, and will deliver proven cells to EnergizerR, who will do a complete performance verification of prototype bipolar cells.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Key critical applications of high performance supercapacitors include hybrid electric vehicle (HEVs), portable pulse power (especially GSM-enabled mobile phones), memory backup, and UPS applications. The low cost inherent to the proposed nanostructured active materials should enable widespread applications, including consumer devices.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
David E. Reisner, Ph.D.
US Nanocorp, Inc.
20 Washington Ave., Ste. 106
North Haven , CT 06473-2342
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
US Nanocorp, Inc.
20 Washington Ave., Ste. 106
North Haven , CT 06473-2342
PROJECT TITLE: Protective Thin Film Coating for FEP Based Thermal Control Materials
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Recent data has shown that FEP based Thermal Control materials need much more protection from the LEO environment than originally believed. The combination of AO, VUV, and soft x-rays (from solar flares) deteriorates FEP materials and shortens the useful lifetime of satellite passive thermal control systems. Astral Technology Unlimited, Inc. proposes a thin film coating that will protect FEP materials in LEO ensuring nominal performance throughout the designed lifetime of a spacecraft.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed coating has applications for all passive thermal control materials and would be the material of choice for nearly all spacecraft.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
James Grieser
Astral Technology Unlimited, Inc.
1325 Armstrong Road
Northfield , MN 55057
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Astral Technology Unlimited, Inc.
1325 Armstrong Road
Northfield , MN 55057
PROJECT TITLE: High Energy Density Nanocrystalline Ceramic Capacitors
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Commercial coarse grain dielectric based ceramic capacitors are ineffective for use in high energy storage and delivery applications since the dielectric's permittivity decreases sharply when the applied voltage is increased. Thus, the energy storage density is disproportionately lower than what is required for these applications. Nanomaterials Research Corporation, in related work, has recently discovered that the unwanted decrease in permittivity that accompanies high electric fields can be greatly reduced by producing a capacitor that contains a formulation with nanocrystalline microstructure. Nanomaterials Research Corporation proposes to develop this surprising discovery into multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCC) with energy densities significantly higher than the state-of-the-art while retaining the desirable properties of ceramic capacitors. Phase I seeks to establish the proof-of-concept with MLCC energy densities in the 5 J/cc to 10 J/cc range.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
High voltage ceramic capacitors are used for storing and delivering large and precise amounts of electrical energy. These devices have the potential to replace electrolytic capacitors for use in military, aerospace, biomedical, and consumer applications.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
John Freim, Ph.D.
Nanomaterials Research Corp.
2620 Trade Center Avenue
Longmont , CO 80503
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Nanomaterials Research Corp.
2620 Trade Center Avenue
Longmont , CO 80503
PROJECT TITLE: HIGHLY EFFICIENT CRYOGENIC DC-DC CONVERTERS FOR DEEP SPACE POWER SYSTEMS
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The design and fabrication of novel power transistors and electrical converters for cryogenic operation is proposed. The gallium arsenide power transistors and electrical subsystems cannot only reduce the circuit heating and radioisotope source requirements aboard satellites, but can also improve by more than a factor of two the electrical power management subsystem efficiency by reducing on-state resistance losses. Also, higher switching speeds can reduce the size and mass of components and power modules. Under Phase I, transistors with isolation voltages of up to 100 V will be tested to manage the 28±4 V unregulated satellite bus. Phase II effort will concentrate on designing a family of scaleable devices and power management subsystems which are capable of 10?s of amperes absolute current, 100 to >2000 V breakdown, >1000 A/µs slew rate, and/or >500 kHz frequency switching.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Uniterruptable power supplies for central office switches, cellular and PCS base stations; switching mode high voltage power supplies and motor controls; DC-DC converters for disk drive controllers and portable electronics such as laptop computers, cell phones and measurement or medical instruments.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Robert Hickman II
Blue Lotus Micro Devices
7620 Executive Dr.
Eden Prairie , MN 55344
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Blue Lotus Micro Devices
7620 Executive Dr.
Eden Prairie , MN 55344
PROJECT TITLE: Novel Power Device Technology
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
A new device technology is proposed which exploits an etching technology capable of creating through wafer channels in silicon using a controllable etch process. The deep channel etching can be used to build trench capacitors, transformers, power diodes and power transistors that use far less real estate than similar planar devices and enable higher energy and power density devices. The phase I program proposes to demonstrate the viability of the technology by building simple capacitor, inductor and diode structures on the walls of high aspect ratio channels in silicon. The capacitor will demonstrate that energy capacities in excess of 1 J/cm3 can be achieved with the appropriate dielectric material. The inductor will demonstrate the viability of building on chip transformers that do not consume large amounts of real estate. The diode device will demonstrate the viability of producing active components in the channels. The Phase II program will be used to build devices which test the potential limits of the technology.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
There are several large commercial opportunities for electronic power devices. Large junction devices will find applications in systems using large currents at low voltages. Such systems include electric automotive power systems, ac and dc industrial motor control and large electromagnetic actuators. Major market opportunities for both the active and passive devices also exists in the integrated power supply industry. The continuing trend to reduce the size of power supplies while increasing their output naturally lends itself to the use of the proposed device structures. Additional opportunities for high energy density capacitors exists in medical devices, most notably heart defibrilators where a pace maker like device is implanted directly in the chest cavity.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
John Steinbeck
NanoSystems Inc.
83 Prokop Raod
Oxford , CT 06478
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
NanoSystems Inc,
83 Prokop Road
Oxford , CT 06478
PROJECT TITLE: COLLOID THRUSTERS FOR MICRO AND NANOSATELLITES
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The missions of microsatellites are constrained by lack of suitable propulsion. Examination of the propulsion options for such satellites, capable of fulfilling primary and ACS functions, leads to FEEP and colloid thrusters. The colloid thrusters are capable of efficient operation in the Isp range of most interest (1000 to 2000 seconds) while avoiding the undesirable liquid metal propellants used by the FEEPs. Glycerol fueled colloid thrusters demonstrated in the early 1970's achieved 70% efficiency at few watts of input power, 1500 sec specific impulse and lifetime exceeding 4000 hours. Busek Co. Inc, in collaboration with the MIT Space Systems Laboratory proposes to build upon this demonstrated achievement by developing a colloid thruster capable of higher performance at drastically reduced thruster weight. This will be achieved by: (1) performing fundamental investigation and modeling of colloid formation and charging to maximize its charge to mass ratio which will lead to reduced operating voltage; (2) careful design to minimize thruster dimensions while preserving safe electrical breakdown margins; and (3) use of novel miniaturization and fabrication techniques developed for MicroElectroMechanical (MEM) devices. Beam neutralizations on spacecrafts will be accomplished by use of field emission cathodes as those currently under development at Busek and elsewhere.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
A low cost batch-fabricated colloid thruster capable of primary and ACS propulsion would revolutionize the use of microsatellites; colloid propulsion would enable the replacement of a large expensive satellite with multiple low cost microsatellites having extended life in orbit. Without such propulsion, microsatellites in low earth orbit would have a useful life of weeks to months, whereas with it, years will be possible. Additional benefits brought about by distributed multiple assets include lower risk, higher availability, faster replacement, etc. It is reasonable to anticipate that low cost, reliable and efficient colloid thrusters will enable rapid proliferation of micro and nanosatellites, benefiting government and commercial users.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. V. Hruby
Busek Co. Inc.
11 Tech Circle
Natick , MA 01760-1023
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Busek Co. Inc.
11 Tech Circle
Natick , MA 01760-1023
PROJECT TITLE: A Piezo Actuated Multi-Function Valve
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
A Phase 1 NASA SBIR program is proposed to research and develop a Piezoelectric Multi-Function Valve (PMFV) for use in Hall or Ion Xenon propulsion feed systems for Nasa use and for evaluation by interested commercial manufacturers. Current spacecraft thruster Xenon feed systems are complex, 2 stage mass flow control systems consisting of many discreet components. These feed systems normally contain central pressure regulation placing operation of all satellite thrusters at risk should failure occur. A revolutionary "disributed" PMFV systems provides 1 stage flow control at each thruster precluding the loss of all spacecraft thrusters from central feed system failure. The lower mass, lower power PMFV contains a piezoelectric stack that directly controls flow using a variety of feedback options, improving reliability, performance and life, while increasing flexability. The new Marotta PMFV system provides 3 Xenon functions in a single, compact component: (1) positive isolation. (2) significant pressure reduction. (3) high flow rate turn-down capability for thruster size versatility and power management. The PMFV technology, coupled with either pressure, mass flow, or Hall thruster discharge current sensing, provides reliable, accurate, and long-life distribution of Xenon gas to thruster ports in the simplest possible way.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
We firmly believe that the Multi-Function Valve technology currently being used by Marotta will ultimately lead to a product which is widely used in electric propulsion feed systems for interplanetary spacecraft and the next generation commercial, scientific and defense satellites. We believe that the Marotta system approach based on this hardware will be used in traditional large GEO satellites as well as the smallest LEO constellations (similar to Teledesic) where tens or hundreds of satellites are envisioned in each constellation.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Derek (Tate) Schappell
Marotta Scientific Controls, Inc.
78 Boonton Ave., P.O. Box 427
Montville , NJ 07045
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Marotta Scientific Controls, Inc.
78 Boonton Avenue, P.O. Box 427
Montville , NJ 07045
PROJECT TITLE: Optimized Electron Beam Curable Aerospace Composites
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Aerospace composites cured by electron beam(EB) are being considered for military and civilian aircraft structures because they offer significant processing and cost advantages over thermally cured materials. Epoxy resins reinforced with carbon fibers cured in the EB using a cationic initiator show promise, but additional improvements in fracture toughness, compression strength and impact resistance are required. Science Research Laboratory (SRL) has assembled a three-way collaboration to address these deficiencies by combining state of the art tougheners with custom synthesis of carbon fiber sizing materials to strengthen the interface. SRL has developed novel portable and high power electron beam curing equipment and EB-curable resins with excellent processing and material properties. The University of Delaware Center for Composite Materials(CCM) has been a leading laboratory in the improvement of the fiber/matrix interface. Adherent Technologies (AT) has developed reactive fiber sizings for heat-cured and EB-cured composites and has demonstrated interface improvements using these sizings. The Phase I Program will include development and testing of fiber sizings in combination with resin tougheners for the newest generation of EB-curable composites.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Electron Beam cured composites are being considered for military and commercial aircraft structural applications, for the RLV cryogenic tanks and for spoolable composite tubing in the oil and gas drilling industry. EB-cured composites have significant processing and cost advantages for these applications, but are limited by poor interface strength combined with suitable toughened resins. The proposed work will increase toughened composite properties associated with interface strength (compression, interlaminar shear and impact strengths) to produce EB-cured composites that meet the engineering specifications for these applications.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
DR. CATHERINE BYRNE
SCIENCE RESEARCH LABORATORY INC
15 WARD STREET
SOMERVILLE , MA 02143
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
SCIENCE RESEARCH LABORATORY INC
15 WARD STREET
SOMERVILLE , MA 02143
PROJECT TITLE: High Efficiency Monolithic Lightweight Cast Structures
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The proposed program will demonstrate the ability to rapidly design and manufacture extremely high stiffness-to-weight precision structures for aerospace applications. Nu-Cast, Inc. currently has a patent pending on a process that uses rapid prototyping methodology, based on the Stereolithography (SLA) process, together with in-house variants of modern ceramic investment casting (requiring no complex hard tooling) to produce small high efficiency 3-D truss-like structures. Existing SLA technology limited this process to 0.5 m dimensions, whereas many applications require platform structures of larger size. Our preliminary work shows that scale-up is possible without loss of structural performance. The Nu-Cast process provides up to 130X improvement in stiffness-to-weight over a same-size plate of equal mass for such structures as instrument mounting platforms and optical benches. Furthermore, since investment casting produces an entire structure at once, to near net shape, the monolithic cast part reduces cost by eliminating much of the labor used in design and assembly of multiple pieces and machined parts. The Phase II program will produce a demonstration item, currently designed for conventional manufacture, using the Nu-Cast production process. The sample's structural performance will validate the capability of the process and confirm the performance predictions generated during the Phase I preliminary design and analysis effort.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The most critical applications of the Nu-Cast 3D truss structures are in areas requiring high efficiency, minimum-weight structures, including satellites (communication and sensor-carrying), aircraft and instrumentation support benches. The estimated performance and cost improvement of this process over conventional manufacture is expected to result in rapid acceptance in the commercial and Government-based aerospace markets, whose aggregate value for structures of this type is measured in millions of dollars.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Gordon Goodwin
Nu-Cast, Inc.
29 Grenier Field Road
Londonderry , NH 03053
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Nu-Cast, Inc.
29 Grenier Field Road
Londonderry , NH 03053
PROJECT TITLE: Advanced Ceramics for High-Temperature, Oxygen-Rich Applications
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Advanced ceramics Hafnium Carbide can enable components for both oxygen-rich and high-temperature applications. However, HfC and related refractory materials are difficult to produce and even more difficult to process into useful shapes. Nanomaterials Research Corporation (NRC) proposes to develop a cost-effective process to produce ultrafine powders of HfC and related refractory materials. The effort will not only help launch a U.S. based commercial source of these advanced materials, the nanoscale form of these powders will also enable rapid processing of these advanced materials into useful shapes. Phase I would establish the proof-of-concept by producing HfC nanostructured powders and processing them. Phase II will optimize the proposed technology, bulk produce refractory powders, develop and test prototypes with lead customers. Phase III will commercialize the technology.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Proposed research would provide NASA will a reliable technology and source for advanced materials for both oxygen-rich and high-temperature applications. Potential spin-off applications include enabling materials for uncooled nozzles, lines/ducts, refractory insulation, tool bits for ultra-fast cutting, and hypersonic aircraft.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Xiaobao Fan, Ph.D.
Nanomaterials Research Corp.
2620 Trade Center Avenue
Longmont , CO 80503
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Nanomaterials Research Corp.
2620 Trade Center Avenue
Longmont , CO 80503
PROJECT TITLE: Low Cost Processing Technology For Functionally Graded Ceramic Matrix Composites.
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This SBIR Phase I project aims to develop a breakthrough technology for fabricating near-net shape, functionally graded continuous fiber ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). CCI?s proposed technique consists of electrophoretic infiltration (EPI)of SiC and/or HfC nano-particles into the macropores of the carbon fiber preform, followed by CCI?s proprietary reverse thermal gradient chemical vapor infiltration (RTG CVI) process to densify a matrix that is functionally graded from C to SiC (Phase II will optimize alternative functionally graded matrices). The nano-particle infiltration process will serve two key purposes; 1) it will fill the macropores in the carbon fiber preform and provide more surface area onto which matrix deposition can readily occur during CVI, thereby reducing processing time and cost, and 2) the SiC and HfC particles will act to increase the high temperature oxidation and erosion resistance of the CMC components. The RTG CVI process will utilize a reverse thermal gradient through the fiber preform and pulsed pressure to preclude pore closure and accelerate inside-out matrix densification in approximately one tenth the time of conventional CVI. The combination of the nano-particle infiltration and RTG CVI processes is expected to yield high density (>90%), functionally graded CMCs with superior physical properties.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The extensive government and commercial component applications include; propulsion components, hypervelocity missile components, jet engine combustor components, leading edges, exhaust vanes, turbine engine components, and heat exchanger tubes.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Mark Patterson
Ceramic Composites, Inc.
1110 Benfield Blvd
Millersville , MD 21108-3100
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Ceramic Composites, Inc.
1110 Benfield Blvd.
Millersville , MD 21108-3100
PROJECT TITLE: X-Ray Cured Liquid Crystal Epoxy System
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Aspen Systems, Inc. proposes a program that develops a room temperature photoinitiated curing Liquid Crystal (LC) resin system. This resin system will be capable of curing in a wide variety of applications with little or no significant limitations on processing volumes or working times. The resin system will have applications in both wet and dry lay-up composite systems. Aspen's photon cured resin system initiates cross linking at temperatures well below Tg-, the glass transition temperature. The resulting composite materials produced using this curing method exhibit a high strength with improved damage tolerance and reliability. This resin system meets the challenge of producing a material that can be cured at room temperature while exhibiting high strength at elevated temperatures. We intend to develop and scale the production of the photon cured monomer to levels sufficient for prototype processing. After scaling of the resin system, we will test a statistically significant number of test coupons to demonstrate that this resin system has superior mechanical characteristics to conventionally cured resin systems. In Phase II, the program will focus on refining the resin composition and testing the resin system in representative fiber composite test coupons. The results of the Phase II program will be a fully optimized and characterized epoxy resin.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The successful program will result in a new molecularly reinforced resin matrix system. This resin will be for use in technical fiber composite systems. The resins will find a variety of applications in aerospace, marine and transportation industries.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Thomas M. Regan
Aspen Systems, Inc.
184 Cedar Hill Street
Marlborough , MA 01752
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Aspen Systems, Inc.
184 Cedar Hill Street
Marlborough , MA 01752
PROJECT TITLE: Polymer Infiltration/Pyrolysis Processing of Fiber-Reinforced UHTCs
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Because Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics (UHTCs) are among the most stable materials known, they are being developed for high-temperature applications, such as the leading edges of hypersonic control surfaces. The propensity for brittle fracture that has hampered UHTCs advancement to the highest technology readiness level can be ameliorated through the inclusion of continuous fiber-reinforcement. Current processing methods are not amenable to the rapid, low-cost production of fiber-reinforced UHTCs (FR-UHTCs). TPL, Inc. proposes to team with Los Alamos National Laboratory to integrate three novel technologies--preceramic polymers, polymer infiltration/pyrolysis (PIP) processing, and electromagnetic (EM) heating--into an innovative processing system to manufacture FR-UHTCs suitable for use as hypersonic leading edges rapidly and affordably. TPL proposes to demonstrate feasibility of the proposed approach in Phase I through the development of the required precursors, and the successful use of these precursors in the PIP processing of FR-UHTC test specimens. In Phase II, electromagnetic heating methods will be integrated into the process, which will be used to manufacture a demonstration FR-UHTC article suitable for evaluation in the SHARP Program. The proposed Principal Investigator has over ten years experience in the development and application of preceramic polymers, as well as PIP processing of fiber reinforced ceramics.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
FR-UHTCs are an enabling technology for a wide range of hypersonic and reusable launch vehicle designs. The potential to replace metals in high temperature or corrosive environments will make FR-UHTCs very attractive for a variety of applications in the petroleum and chemical industries.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Stuart T. Schwab, Ph.D.
TPL, Inc.
3921 Academy Parkway North, NE
Albuquerque , NM 87109-4416
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
TPL, Inc.
3921 Academy Parkway North, NE
Albuquerque , NM 87109-4416
PROJECT TITLE: Synthesis of Ultra-High Temperature Resistant Zirconium and Hafnium Carbide Aerogels
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Aspen Systems proposes to develop new Ultra-High Temperature Resistant Aerogels that will withstand temperatures as high as 2300 K for long periods of time. The new insulation will be based Hafnium and Zirconium carbides. Refractory hafnium and zirconium carbides are known as a good candidates for ultra High Temperature Structural Application, because they have melting temperatures considerably higher than their associated oxides and have relatively good thermal shock resistance. These refractories materials are obtained at high reaction temperatures using carbide powders. Aspen Systems will use its expertise in aerogel manufacturing, as well as the extensive knowledge of its chemists in sol-gel science, to develop a low-temperature process for the production of refractory carbide aerogels. The proposed insulations will provide the materials needed for the thermal protection systems (TPS) of reusable launch and hypersonic vehicles. For Phase I, we will synthesize the refractory aerogel materials and characterize them to prove the validity of the concept. During Phase II, we will optimize the synthesis and supercritical drying parameters to further improve the properties of the materials. Actual TPS concepts will be designed and tested to qualify the concept for flight missions.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
High-temperature, durable and highly efficient insulation will find a large number of commercial applications ranging from the aerospace industry, lasers, high energy physics, power generation, and specialty products for the military . he proposed materials will also find numerous applications in high-temperature furnaces and incinerators.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Redouane Begag
Aspen Systems, Inc.
184 Cedar Hill Street
Marlborough , MA 01752
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Aspen Systems, Inc.
184 Cedar Hill Street
Marlborough , MA 01752
PROJECT TITLE: Electrochemically Codeposited Oxidation Resistant Overlay Coatings
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project is directed toward the development of a low cost NiCoCrAlY coating on nickel based superalloy substrates by electrocodeposition. Presently used methods such as electron beam- physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) or low-pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) require expensive equipment and sometimes result in high reject rate. In contrast to the above processes which are operated at high temperatures, the proposed electrochemical codeposition of alloy particles in a metallic matrix can be carried out below 60 degrees Celsius. Electroplating is an attractive method of producing metal coatings. Electrocodeposition is an alternative in the field of composite coatings and it combines the advantages of metal electroplating with those of composite materials to produce low cost coatings, with the ability to vary the microstructure of the deposited coatings by adjusting process parameters. Lynntech has obtained positive preliminary results on such electrocodeposited coatings with respect to their enhanced oxidation and corrosion resistance. It is proposed to characterize the electrodeposited bond coat- homogeneity, porosity, adherence, uniformity from batch to batch , and oxidation resistance by direct comparison with existing bond coats made by conventional techniques.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Development of cost effective overlay coatings is an important program in NASA and the entire aero industry. Manufacturers of land-based gas turbines and diesel engines would also significantly benefit from this technology.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Charles L.K. Tennakoon
Lynntech, Inc.
7610 Eastmark Drive, Suite 202
College Station , TX 77840
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Lynntech, Inc.
7610 Eastmark Drive, Suite 202
College Station , TX 77840-4042
PROJECT TITLE: Increased Matrix Cracking Strength in SiC/SiC Composites via Nanolayered SiC Matrix
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) are being developed for a variety of high-temperature military, aerospace and industrial applications. While possessing high specific strength, stiffness, and fracture toughness at elevated temperatures, the utility of current CMCs are limited by their susceptibility to oxidation embrittlement and strength degradation when stressed at or beyond the matrix cracking strength and exposed to high-temperature oxidation. Thus, for the current state of technology, the linear-elastic region represents the "useful" design stress-strain region due to the effects of environmental degradation of the fiber coating and/or reinforcing fiber at elevated temperatures following the on-set of matrix cracking. The objective of this program is to investigate the feasibility of a novel approach for increasing the matrix cracking strength in fiber-reinforced SiC CMCs. By methods of chemical vapor infiltration (CVI), continuous fiber preforms will be consolidated and densified with a compositionally-modulated nanolaminated composite matrix consisting of periodically terminated epitaxial SiC layers radially outward from the reinforcing fibers. Nanolayered materials have been demonstrated to exhibit extraordinary mechanical, tribological, and/or thermal properties which are uniquely different from those of the individual constituents. In particular, strength can be enhanced over currently available courser grained materials by an order of magnitude or more. Also of importance is that a conceivably wide range of ceramic materials can be engineered into such nanostructural composites for use as matrices in fiber-reinforced materials. Laminated Hi-Nicalon and Sylramic SiC fabric/nanolayered SiC matrix composite plates will be fabricated and experimentally evaluated to determine their mechanical behavior characteristics. Results will be compared to "baseline" conventionally-processed SiC/SiC composites to establish the viability of the proposed approach.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
CMCs and nanostructural ceramics are an enabling class of engineered materials for a variety of thermostructural applications in chemical and advanced rocket propulsion thrust chambers, nozzles, throat inserts and related components, hypersonic airframe thermal protection systems, spacecraft re-entry heatshields, aero-propulsion, stationary turbine and power generation components, radiant burner and heat exchanger tubes, and other industrial applications.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Robert J. Shinavski, PhD
Hyper-Therm High-Temperature Composites, Inc.
18411 Gothard Street, Unit B
Huntington Beach , CA 92648
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Hyper-Therm High-Temperature Composites
18411 Gothard Street Units B&C
Huntington Beach , CA 92648-1208
PROJECT TITLE: Low Cost Synthesis of BAX for Matrix Composite Resins
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Triton Systems proposes two new synthetic routs to BAX [alpha,alpha' bis(4-aminophenyl)-p-xylene], a non-mutagenic diamine, to be used with NE and BTDE to develop new lower cost non-mutagenic polyimide resins of the PMR class, called here PMR-BAX. The current synthesis of BAX is a multi-step process, requiring a hydrogenation step and a flammable solvent. Triton Systems, with experience in polyimide and poly(arylene ether) synthesis, proposes two synthetic routes to BAX that do not require a hydrogenation step or a flammable solvent, with expected high yields and low cost. In a Phase I Program, Triton will synthesize BAX using both proposed new routes. In Phase II, Triton will develop BAX made by the best and more cost effective route as determined by the Phase I effort. In a Phase III program, with an industrial partner, Triton develop the process for scale production of BAX for field testing and product refinement in pre-production to support the effort to increase the readiness level of PMR resins formulated from this monomer.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Triton Systems anticipates that as a result of this Phase I program, a new low cost non-mutagenic BAX diamine monomer will be developed to make superior-polyimide composite materials of the PMR class. The commercial potential is that of the high volume PMR-15 adhesive resin now used in aerospace fabrication and repair.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Charles Herbert, Ph.D.
Triton Systems, Inc.
200 Turnpike Road
Chelmsford , MA 01824
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Triton Systems, Inc.
200 Turnpike Road
Chelmsford , MA 01824
PROJECT TITLE: Novel Vibration Damping of Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) Turbine Blades for RLV Applications
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
There is an urgent need to develop improved damping performance for ceramic matrix composite turbine blades (CMC) on the VentureStar reusable launch vehicle. The inherently low damping of standard CMC blades may require auxiliary damping treatments that will lower the engine efficiency by limiting RPM or adding weight. Foster-Miller is currently a subcontractor to Boeing Rocketdyne in development of CMC turbine blisks for their Ceramic Turbine Technology Demonstrator. This work constitutes a Phase III SBIR success from the original blisk development on a previous Air Force Phase II contract. Foster-Miller proposes to continue this successful SBIR commercialization with development of a high self-damping CMC blade. The unique blade and blisk architecture in the Foster-Miller blisk creates the opportunities for unique internal damping that is anticipated to approach 2% critical damping at operating temperatures, without the need for external damping techniques. The blade architecture will apply to both a blisk approach or to insertable blade designs. Foster-Miller will work closely with Boeing Rocketdyne throughout this program. This relationship with Rocketdyne will ensure a rapid transition to the prototype RLV engine demonstrator in 2000.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed program will directly benefit the ongoing NASA efforts to successfully develop the VentureStar RLV. The highly damped blade techniques proposed will be utilized on the Rocketdyne prototype engine if proven to be successful. This will lead to incorporation into the flight article VentureStar.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Thomas G. Campbell
Foster-Miller, Inc.
350 Second Avenue
Waltham , MA 02154
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Foster-Miller, Inc.
350 Second Avenue
Waltham , MA 02154
PROJECT TITLE: High Speed Touchdown Bearing
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Active magnetic bearings (AMB) make potential revolutionary Flywheel Energy Storage Systems (FESS) designs possible. However, their inability to sustain and operate through transients is limited. Since bearing reliability, size and weight are crucial in space based FESS, a durable, compact high-speed touchdown bearing is needed. A lightweight Zero Clearance Auxiliary Bearing (ZCAB) suitable for high-speed operation is proposed to meet this need. MiTi has already demonstrated a ZCAB at speeds to 10,000 rpm under 14-g shock loads and simulated AMB failure. Under this program MiTi will 1) establish a preliminary design of a light-weight, high-speed ZCAB suitable for vacuum operation; 2) select the key materials and lubricants for the ZCAB; 3) Establish the Phase II preliminary test rig designs to qualify the ZCAB at high speed; and 4) Prepare a final report.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Once developed, the ZCAB will have significant commercial potential in almost every AMB system in operation. Specific additional applications include FESS for terrestrial UPS and Power Quality Management, Hybrid Electric Vehicles, main propulsion gas turbine engines, marine gas turbines, pipeline compressors, as well as boil feed pumps for the utility industry.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Erik E. Swanson
Mohawk Innovative Technology, Inc.
437 New Karner Rd
Albany , NY 12205-3833
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Mohawk Innovative Technology, Inc.
437 New Karner Rd
Albany , NY 12205-3833
PROJECT TITLE: Probabilistic Micromechanical Material Design Simulation for Propulsion Structures
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The proposed effort is the development of an overall material design simulation algorithm. The concept of the effort give the structural and material engineers a computer based simulation model indicating which processing variable must be controlled and what tolerances must be maintained to produce a material for optimal fatigue tolerance. The research will combine two major modeling elements. The first element is a material process numerical simulation algorithm that relates the processing variables to the to produced microstructure. The second element is a mesomechanical fatigue model that will relate the microstructural variables to the fatigue response. The proposed software is innovative for two reasons. First, the models will allow the structural engineer to systematically and quantitatively assess the influence of the material uncertainties on the overall reliability of the structure as oppose to current methods that assume simple empirical material characterization models. Second, the component fatigue models can be developed concurrently with material process design to identify the sources of uncertainty and assess the influence of material process variation on the reliability of the structure. Design-to-production time can be reduced because testing can be tailored to measure the most important source of uncertainty. The structural and material engineers can concurrently design the component to minimize the scatter thus increasing the allowable life while reducing the life-cycle cost.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The commercial potential of the probabilistic material modeling tool for structural design and evaluation stems from the fact that it is an integrated package that links process models and failure models with a fatigue reliability technique and relevant variable statistical distribution databases. This allows a holistic design that combines material engineering with structural engineering which allows the design decision making process to be more rational, with minimal expense of time and effort. The ability of the proposed software package has an identifiable customer market base in those engineering firms currently employed in the structural design of mechanical components such as aerospace, automotive and consumer goods. Furthermore, the proposed effort can serve as the prototype of linking risk assessment techniques with other damage mechanism of interest such as environmental effects.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Robert G. Tryon
PerSyst Development Group
5123 Virginia Way, Suite C-21
Brentwood , TN 37027
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
PerSyst Development Group
5123 Virginia Way, Suite C-21
Brentwood , TN 37027
PROJECT TITLE: Advanced Analysis Package for High Speed Multi-Bearing/Shaft Systems
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The Advanced Analysis Package for High Speed Multi-Bearing Shaft Systems for rolling bearing supported rotors has Unique Features and Capabilities typical of industries current design needs. Among these are loosely coupled interfaces with commercial FEA codes for thermal and deformation/distortiondata and an innovative stress based discrete stressed volume probablistic life estimation that includes Hertzian Contact, press fit, centrifugal, residual and edge stress. A Windows 95/98/NT User Interface will facilitate data input and results preview via plot templets and 3-D color contour surface plots. Design optimization would be aided with Interactive Graphical "work spaces" . Phase I will produce a demonstrator version for a single high speed cylindrical roller bearing with crowned rollers. Phase II would expand these features into high speed ball, tapered and spherical bearing supported rotor analysis to provide enhanced innovative design tools for selection, life and optimization of critical bearing systems.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The high speed multi-bearing shaft systems analysis package developed under this project has unique features and capabilities not present in today's commercially available marketplace codes. This package will allow designers of critical bearing systems to reduce product cycle time, improve reliability and reduce weight. Aerospace, defense, machine tool spindle, commercial turbomachinery, pump and motor manufacturers, to name a few, can benefit from application of this technology.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Joseph V. Poplawski
J.V. Poplawski and Assoc.
528 N. New Street
Bethlehem , PA 18018
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
J.V. Poplawski & Assoc.
528 N. New Street
Bethlehem , PA 18018
PROJECT TITLE: Development of a Phenomenological Orbital Debris Model with Specific Application to Risk Assessment for High Value On-orbit Systems
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Concern regarding debris is expressed in subtopic 19.05 regarding processes, mitigation, and survival of spacecraft in the orbital environment. An important tool in understanding the debris hazard is modeling of the environment to characterize risk. There are potential pitfalls to modeling: (1) separation, by choice of approach, of the model from reality, and (2) the obscuration of physical processes. These problems have been addressed and published by Talent (1992) utilizing a phenomenological model of the debris environment in low-Earth-orbit (LEO). The model, called the particle-in-a-box (PIB), examined the entire LEO environment as a whole and it confirmed the major results of several complex stochastic models. In his paper, Talent described the mathematical procedure to extend PIB to the case of a multi-tier, multi-particle environment that will increase its predictive capability, yet retain the simplicity of the approach. This proposal is intended to further investigate the debris environment and to deliver a useful tool to space-fairing interests. The results will be directly applicable to mitigating on-orbit debris hazards to individual high-value assets or constellations of satellites, and is innovative in its simplicity and departure from the more traditional stochastic debris models.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The primary commercial applications from the PIB model results are in the areas of: (1) government planning and policy, and (2) the mitigation of debris risks to space assets - government or commercial. Successful proposal funding will result in the production of a model having powerful predictive capability regarding the threat of orbital debris. This model could be packaged in a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) operating under the PC/Windows environment. Regarding government use, this will manifest itself as an aid in planning long duration space activities at any altitude -- improving knowledge of risk and translating directly into increased likelihood of mission success. Private companies, deploying satellites, individually or as a constellation, for profit-making activities, especially need to be aware of the risk associated with investor capital. Further, they need to be able to understand the liability dimension of their activities - risk to other LEO users. Thus, the PIB modeling tool can support commercial success through environment awareness.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Daron L. Nishimoto
Oceanit Laboratories, Inc.
1100 Alakea Street, 31st Floor
Honolulu , HI 96813
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Oceanit Laboratories, Inc.
1100 Alakea Street, 31st Floor
Honolulu , HI 96813
PROJECT TITLE: Electrostatic Return of Contaminant Molecules
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This innovative concept will develop a model for determining the fraction of neutral outgassed or vented molecules that leave a spacecraft, are then ionized by solar photons, and then return and deposit on spacecraft charged surfaces. Electrostatic Return (ESR) of ionized contaminants is a controversial issue and has been proposed as the only way degradation of surfaces at geosynchronous orbit can degrade. Modeling of this effect has not been done successfully to date. The approach is to use the Integrated Spacecraft Environments Model (ISEM) as a starting point to incorporate all the aspects of ion generation and motion and subsequent return to a spacecraft, and develop a model capable of predicting ESR. ISEM was developed to incorporate interactions of molecules and the ambient atmosphere in discrete volumes around a spacecraft. It is ideally suited to incorporate a model of ESR. Any space system geometry will be able to be analyzed without simplifying assumptions of spherical geometry. Flight data exists that the model will be applied to. During Phase I a candidate on-orbit space system will be selected for eventual model verification. The results of this study will benefit NASA, DoD and industry.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The results of a successful model will benefit NASA, DoD and industry. The capabilities of the model will be marketed to all related NASA centers/personnel, DoD, industry, universities, and professional organizations. This model in conjunction with the offeror's existing capability in contamination modeling will lead to enhanced marketing potential.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Ray Rantanen
ROR Enterprises, Inc.
2455 W. Summer Ave
Athol , ID 83801
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
ROR Enterprises, Inc.
2455 W. Summer Ave
Athol , ID 83801
PROJECT TITLE: Automated Space Environment Exposure System
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
An innovative system for cost-effective, ground-based testing of candidate spaccraft materials is proposed. The objective of this project is to develop an automated test system for exposing material a simulated combined space environment (including ultraviolet (UV), vacuum ultraviolet (VUV), and particulate radiation), and analyzing the samples in-situ. The effort will include developing automated, ultra-high vacuum (UHV) compatible sample manipulation devices and sample analysis systems. Results of the Phase I effort will include final system requirements and concepts, sample manipulation and analysis schemes, and user interface and control software requirements. These results will lead directly to a Phase II design and build effort. An automated, ground-based test system will provide NASA significant savings in time and cost compared to traditional systems. Because of reduced personnel levels and increased requirements for material testing, such a system will enable NASA to meet critical program goals in a cost effective and timely manner.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The commercial potential for an automated space environmental effects system extends across NASA, DoD, and private industry. With materials being developed for new generations of spacecraft, a cost- and time-effective system for materials testing is essential for meeting critical program goals. A number of Government agencies and private companies could benefit from such a system. The techniques developed in this effort could also be applicable outside the aerospace industry. Various configurations of this system could be used whenever automated sample handling and analysis are required in a UHV environment.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Kenneth D. King
AZ Technology, Inc.
4901 Corporate Drive, Suite 101
Huntsville , AL 35805
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
AZ Technology, Inc.
4901 Corporate Drive, Suite 101
Huntsville , AL 35805
PROJECT TITLE: Novel Techniques for Multifunctional Structures
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This program addresses the need for active component technologies, with integrated methods of controlling structural properties such as overall shape, vibration, fatigue, noise and aerodynamics among other properties. New materials and processing techniques for sensors and actuators, and novel polymers and deposition methods for integration within composites and other structural materials will allow active flow control technology development. The integration of these actuation methods within structural materials provides a basis for quantum advances in control of shape and surface properties of many advanced applications, especially in aircraft and spacecraft systems. At the same time, resulting cost savings and performance improvements open up many commercial product opportunities in automotive and transportation/infrastructure applications. In this program, we propose to 1) develop a software model to predict multifunctional structure properties on a macro and microscale, 2) develop a new self-assembled monolayer technique for the fabrication of piezopolymer actuator and sensor films, and 3) use the model to predict the performance of multifunctional active structures on three size scales, including macro-scale actuated composites, meso-scale THUNDER-like actuators with novel material combinations, and micro-scale MEMS devices sensed and actuated with new ISAM fabricated piezopolymer films.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Products that will result from the proposed development effort include ISAM-based piezopolymers to replace conventional Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) and multifunctional actuated systems for use in adaptive optics, microflaps, microfluidics, and flat tooling composites. Major U.S. process control companies and aerospace manufacturers indicate immediate and substantial needs for these products. The novel multifunctional actuated systems have generated significant interest in the marketplace because they have superior specifications to conventional products and enable the manufacture of cost-effective novel devices (i.e., adaptive optics systems).
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Michael B. Miller
F&S, Inc.
2851 Commerce Street
Blacksburg , VA 24060
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
F&S, Inc.
2851 Commerce Street
Blacksburg , VA 24060
PROJECT TITLE: A FEA Computational Tool for Smart Materials and Embedded Components
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Smart materials and embedded components (SMECs) promise dramatic improvements in key aerospace technologies such as active damping and vibration attenuation, shape control, and enhanced structural reliability. State of the art design methodologies require the simulation of the behavior of a system on a computer prior to commencement of manufacturing, eliminating the costly prototype phase. A pertinent example is the Boeing 777, that was built with no mock up or prototyping. For SMECs to reach their potential there is a need for a computational tool that will enable the design and analysis of aerospace structures that contain SMECs. Such a computational tool will result from the proposed work. A core difficulty in simulation of SMECs is the need to support assembly level, dynamic, FEA analysis on complex geometries developed in CAD systems. The Computational Structures Branch at NASA Langley has developed the core of an enabling FEA technology for assembly level FEA: the Hybrid Variational Method (HVM). In this work we will extend the HVM to allow analysis of CAD level objects, interface with CAD tools, and dynamic and control analysis. The result of the work will enable workstation based prototyping of aerospace structures and systems containing SMECs.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The commercial product to be developed is a computational environment for the design of Smart Materials and Embedded Component (SMEC) structures. The product will run from within a CAD system and will support libraries of SMEC components, SMEC structural and control model creation, control design interface, and static and dynamic simulation under open loop and closed loop situations. The corresponding market niche is the designers of aerospace, automotive, and industrial structures that contain SMEC?s. The application is enabling the design of sensor and actuator systems for deployment and adjustment of structures for controllability, system identification, vibration attenuation, shape control, static adjustment, enhanced reliability, as well as active damping and low shock release devices. In automotive the applications include active suspensions and vibration attenuation. The product will enable incorporation of SMEC innovations without the introduction of severe programmatic risks due to the need to build - test - fix.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Gal Berkooz
Beam Technologies, Inc.
110 North Cayuga St.
Ithaca , NY 14850-4331
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Beam Technologies, Inc.
110 North Cayuga St.
Ithaca , NY 14850-4331
PROJECT TITLE: Damage Detecting and Impact Absorbing Shield for Space Applications
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Naturally occuring micrometeroids and man-made orbital debris pose severe impact hazards for spacecraft. A metallic shield has previously been used to protect spacecraft structures from catastrophic damage. It is possible to improve upon the shield concept through the use of a shape memory alloy (SMA) laminate structure.Shape memory alloys have frequently been used as large-force/high-strain actuators for space applications. However, these materials also have excellent material damping characteristics that allow them to be used for passive shock absorption. In addition, SMA's can exhibit measurable changes in resistance as they are strained. Hence, a shield that is a laminate of SMA wire and a backing material can be more effective than a simple metallic shield and serve multiple purposes. It could passively absorb much of the energy of a particle impact through the large strain capability of the SMA wire. It could determine when and where damage has occurred. Finally, the SMA wires could be used as actuators to modify the shape of the shield if needed once damage has occurred. The resulting shield would be lightweight, rugged, and could be applied over large surface areas. The electrical circuitry needed would be of standard design and could be miniaturized.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
This work has broad application in the commercial satellite industry because it can protect satellites from the hazards of micrometeroid and orbital debris impacts.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Jeanne Sullivan Falcon
Mide Technology Corporation
247 Third Street
Cambridge , MA 02141
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Mide Technology Corporation
247 Third Street
Cambridge , MA 02141
PROJECT TITLE: Integrated C-SiC Optical Reflectors
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Silicon Carbide (SiC) offers an excellent material for optical mirror applications due to its superior thermal conductivity and optical properties. Low weight SiC mirrors are an enabling technology to numerous NASA and DoD applications. This proposal seeks a novel approach to achieve a light weight SiC mirror. It is based upon significant technical accomplishments of the PI in the area of FGM technology. This novel approach will eliminate the need for conventional joining technology. It is anticipated that a pure B-SiC light weight mirror exhibiting great weight savings over currently used SiC mirrors supported on graphite will be produced using this novel approach.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The most important applications of CVD-SiC is its use as substrates for fabricating mirrors for surveillance, high energy lasers, laser radar systems, synchrotron x-ray and VUV telescopes, large astronomical telescopes (ESO-VLT, MMT) and weather satellites. The surveillance systems market itself is a hundreds of millions of dollars market with applications ranging from surveillance on the ground and from space. Similarly, huge commercial potential exists for space based astronomical telescopes, and weather satellites.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. W. Kowbel
MER Corporation
7960 S. Kolb Rd.
Tucson , AZ 85706
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
MER Corporation
7960 S. Kolb Rd.
Tucson , AZ 85706
PROJECT TITLE: High Conductivity Flexible Thermal Strap
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
k Technology Corporation (kTC) proposes to develop a high conductivity (>1000 W/mK), low density (<2.5 g/cm3) flexible material system for the thermal management of structurally isolated spacecraft systems, deployable radiators and other movable heat transfer devices. Sensitive spacecraft components which cannot survive the vibration environment during spacecraft launch and pryo-shock in orbit are often mounted on isolators. Typically a flexible thermal strap, made up of thin sheets of aluminum, is used to conduct energy away from sensitive components. With the ever-increasing complexity of spacecraft components, coupled with huge demands for power dissipation, critical spacecraft components are in need of significantly larger thermal straps to remove this power. As these aluminum straps increase in size, they become heavier and less flexible. With less flexibility, higher loads will be transmitted to the critical component, negating the benefits of the isolators. kTC proposes to solve this problem using thin aluminum encapsulated thermal pyrolytic graphite (TPG) sheets. This concept will allow for greater than five times the energy removal rate over a baseline aluminum strap of equal weight. TPG sheets are highly aligned crystalline graphite having in-plane thermal conductivities > 1700 W/mK (4X Copper). The program will establish, key design, fabrication and performance characteristics.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The encapsulated TPG foils to be demonstrated under this program would have applications in the commercial satellite market, as well as the obvious military and NASA uses. Other applications include, thin heat spreaders for high power devices, flexible thermal couplers to move heat away from high power components to a chassis or coldplate, thin high aspect ratio air cooled fins, and thermal interface materials (gaskets).
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Mark J. Montesano
k Technology Corporation
500 Office Center Drive, Suite 250
Fort Washington , PA 19034
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
k Technology Corporation
500 Office Center Drive, Suite 250
Fort Washington , PA 19034
PROJECT TITLE: Improved laser ultrasonic receiver for nondestructive evaluation of aerospace materials and structures
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
One promising technique for nondestructive evaluation is laser-based ultrasound . This technique can be used for nondestructive evaluation of components and structures with complex contours. The primary component of most laser ultrasonic receivers is an interferometer. One promising receiver uses an adaptive reference beam interferometer with a detector based on the nonsteady-state photo-electromotive force (photo-emf). In this receiver, the reference beam and signal beam are combined at a nonzero angle within a photoconductor having edge contacts. The detector is sensitive to small displacements of the test surface, while rejecting lower frequency signals from mechanical vibrations or turbulence in the propagation path. It also can process speckled signal beams with no loss in signal-to-noise. Using typical detector materials with edge electrodes, the theoretical responsivity of a photo-emf detector is lower than optumum for certain applications. In this proposal we will investigate new planar detector geometries that provide higher photoconductive gain and greater theoretical responsivity. We will also evaluate conventional photo-emf detectors using an epitaxially-grown layer for optimum operation at 1064 nm. We will assemble a laboratory prototype receiver and benchmark it against the commonly used confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer. In addition, we will use the receiver as part of a full inspection system to evaluate typical composite samples of interest for aerospace applications.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Laser-based ultrasound has applications in a wide range of government and industrial markets. It offers the capability to improve the inspection rate of existing scanning systems and it will enable the inspection of many parts that can not be tested with other techniques. The development of adaptive laser ultrasonic receivers will provide improved responsivity and sensitivity, thereby requiring lower power probe lasers and thus reducing system cost.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Marvin Klein
Lasson Technologies, Inc.
1331 Avenida de Cortez
Pacific Palisades , CA 90272
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Lasson Technologies, Inc.
1331 Avenida de Cortez
Pacific Palisades , CA 90272
PROJECT TITLE: Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation of Aerostructures Using New High Temperature SQUID Sensors
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The goal of this research is to demonstrate the suitability of using new high temperature (high-Tc) SQUIDs for quantitative nondestructive evaluation (NDE) on aerostructures and to address the key issues impeding the acceptance of this technology. There is an ever-increasing military and civilian need for more sensitive, more reliable, and easier-to-use instruments and techniques for NDE. Both the military and civilian aircraft fleets are becoming older, are subject to repeated end-of-life extensions, and at their increased age are found to be subject to failure modes not considered during their original design and construction. Of particular importance are sub-surface failures occurring in the second and third layers of wings and fuselages of aging aircraft. Fatigue fractures in difficult-to-access main spars and landing gear support structures can also lead to catastrophic failure of aircraft. The need is particularly high in critical areas such as the detection of second layer cracks in lap joints, where existing techniques have severe fundamental limitations. Ultra-sensitive magnetic sensor technology based on high-Tc superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) offers the capability to identify, localize, and quantify sub-surface cracks, flaws, and corrosion damage.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The potential commercial applications include the development of a new NDE instrument capable of detecting small subsurface flaws in aircraft structures. The commercial NDE market is approximately 512 million dollars per year in the U.S. alone. Major inspection areas include aging aircraft as a significant portion of both civilian and military aircraft will exceed their design lifetime over next five years.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Mark S. DiIorio
Magnesensors, Inc.
9717-A Pacific Heights Blvd
San Diego , CA 92121
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Magnesensors, Inc.
9717-A Pacific Heights Blvd.
San Diego , CA 92121
PROJECT TITLE: Remote-Field Eddy Current Techniques for Structural Damage Detection in Aging Aircraft
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Inspection of multi-layer metal structures such as aircraft is a technical challenge because of access restrictions, presence of fasteners, large sample thickness, and ultrasonic reflections at interfaces. Conventional eddy currents and pulsed eddy current techniques have been successful for limited sample thickness and defect dimensions. For increased defect sensitivities with thick samples (defects at depths greater than 12 mm from the accessible surface), the Remote Field Eddy Current (RFEC) technique shows promise. This technique has only recently been demonstrated to be feasible for flat plate structures. There has been no work in designing and studying the feasibility of using RFEC sensors for multi-layer structures with fasteners. During phase I of the proposed work, Karta will design and build a prototype of an RFEC probe specifically for optimal defect sensitivity to second-layer cracking of airframe fuselage structures. The effort will include experiments and modeling to estimate (1) maximum thickness of the outer layer through which RFEC can detect second-layer cracks and (2) crack dimensions that RFEC can reliably detect. In phase I, we will also develop an automated signal analysis scheme using neural networks. In phase II, we will study third-layer cracking, develop a field-demonstrable prototype, and incorporate probability of detection studies.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Technologies developed during this program have considerable potential for several applications, including inspections for aircraft (e.g., wing splice joints), naval (e.g. structural hull metal), space (e.g., structural space-shuttle metal), and utility industries (e.g., above-ground storage tanks). After an aircraft enters service, its structure must be inspected and maintained on an ongoing basis to ensure a continually high level of safety. This offers tremendous commercialization potential for both system sales and providing inspection services. Above-ground storage tanks are used in petrochemical industries for storing a variety of corrosive solutions. These tanks are typically single-walled or double-walled structures. The bottom of these tanks corrodes over time resulting in leakage. Wall thickness and roughness surface complicates inspection of the structures, especially in interpreting sensor signals. The RFEC technique seems to overcome some of these limitations and is an attractive method of inspection for this problem. Karta can focus on these two areas because of our strong understanding of the market. Once established in these areas, Karta will expand into other potential application areas including space and naval industries.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Gopichand Katragadda
Karta Technologies, Inc.
1892 Grandstand
San Antonio , TX 78238-4507
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Karta Technologies, Inc.
1892 Grandstand
San Antonio , TX 78238-4507
PROJECT TITLE: Laser Joining of Aluminum Matrix Composites
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Recent achievements obtained in the formation of surface aluminum matrix composites (AMC's) for wear resistant applications using a CO2 laser have strongly indicated a very high potential of joining AMC's using new and more powerful YAG lasers. Triton Systems, Inc. proposes to use a Nd-YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) laser associated with an innovative dual powder feed system to join AMC's. This process enables the bonding of hard to join AMC's and produces high quality bonds as the joint is composed of the same material as the parent AMC material. Additionally, the resulting bond will have a minimal heat affected zone (HAZ) due to the localized heat of the Nd-YAG laser. It is believed that the successful development of this technique will lead to the economic fabrication of complex shaped metal matrix composites and therefore advance the application of MMC's to a new stage. When associated with other techniques in MMC production, laser MMC joining will make it possible and much easier to produce the components that have a complicated shape, and therefore will widen the area of the application of AMC's in future space vehicles.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed technology will enable the cost effective entry of complex shaped high specific strength and stiffness metal matrix composites into large commercial markets. In addition to rocket system components, potential applications include military and commercial gas turbine engines, automotive parts and high-end recreational sporting goods such as bicycle frame components.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Joseph Kunze, Ph.D.
Triton Systems, Inc.
200 Turnpike Road
Chelmsford , MA 01824
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Triton Systems, Inc.
200 Turnpike Road
Chelmsford , MA 01824
PROJECT TITLE: Electrodeless Plasma (EP) Welding Processes
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Increased activity in space, coupled with the advent of new materials and increasingly complicated metal working service requirements, forces the constant improvement of existing metal processing technologies. The Electric Propulsion Laboratory, Inc., has demonstrated a new Electrodeless Plasma (EP) welding technology applicable to on-orbit and ground-based welding. Application of this new joining capability to complex refractory metal, aerospace alloy, and ceramic structures, is proposed. Both transferred arc and non-transferred plasma arc operating modes of the EP weld head are described along with experiments to demonstrate the formation of ductile refractory metal joints, and extremely high service temperature ceramic-to-metal joints. A special feature of the EP weld head is also proposed to enable in-situ weld joint inspection to verify joint quality. Benefits to NASA would be significant advances applicable to both ground-based and on-orbit bonding and joining techniques.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The Electrodeless Plasma (EP) welding process, and the subsequent advances to the process resulting from this work, would provide the commercial sector with a new and versatile welding tool which could be applied to a wide range of demanding material joining applications.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Graeme Aston
Electric Propulsion Laboratory, Inc.
1040 Synthes Ave.
Monument , CO 80132
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Electric Propulsion Laboratory, Inc.
1040 Synthes Ave.
Monument , CO 80132
PROJECT TITLE: Multilayer Braze Foils for Joining Silicon Carbide to Inconel 600
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Silicon carbide has many materials properties that make it desirable for use at extreme temperatures and atmospheres. However the manufacture of complex silicon carbide components as a single piece is both difficult and expensive. Joining technologies are required that will withstand the extreme conditions to which the silicon carbide components will be exposed. This SBIR Phase I proposal concerns the development of an improved active metal brazing system for joining silicon carbide to Inconel 600. This system avoids the formation of brittle intermediate phases and will operate at temperatures above 1000 C without degradation. The multilayer braze foil technology incorporates layers which prevent formation of brittle chromium carbides and excessive diffusion of silicon from the substrates. This is accomplished by forming a post reaction equilibrium in silicon concentration, and uses reactive metal layers to trap carbides before large chromium carbide grains can form. The resulting joint is expected to have long term strength in excess of 400 MPa. Testing of the joint will consist of four point bend testing in addition to x-ray diffraction and surface analysis. NASA application for bonded silicon carbide components include parts for the Solar Probe and furnaces for the Space Shuttle and the Space Station.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Commercial applications of a strong brazed joint for silicon carbide/Inconel include high temperature parts such as nozzles and combustion chambers for gas turbines, turbine rotors for combustion engines, and the bodies of heat exchangers. Silicon carbide parts for fusion reactors are another potential application.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Thomas F. Barton
Eltron Research Inc
5660 Airport Blvd #105
Boulder , CO 80301-2340
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Eltron Research Inc
5660 Airport Blvd #105
Boulder , CO 80301-2340
PROJECT TITLE: Controlled Deployable Rigidizable Truss (CDRT)
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
L'Garde has made significant advances in developing inflatable/rigidizable space structures for space applications. These types of structures have considerable advantage over alternate types of systems in terms of cost, weight and stowed volume reduction. The capability of fabricating inflatable/rigidizable structural truss members and frames which are complex and comprised of several different joints was developed and perfected under IRSS I and II programs. Under the IRSS II program, many critical aspects of these structures, such as vacuum deployability, packageability, life, environmental testing (vibration and thermal), and strength were studied and demonstrated. The IRSS II truss was only 5-ft long and deployed successfully in the vacuum under a 1g force without using any control hardware. Deployment of longer systems, however, may involve some unpredictable motion, which must be avoided or minimized. The need and importance of controlled deployment was well demonstrated in the NASA/L'Garde IAE, flown on the Space Shuttle Endeavor (STS-77) in May 1996. Although the antenna deployed very successfully, the long 100-ft struts went through an uncertain course before full deployment. The capability to controllably deploy and rigidize inflatable/rigidizable truss structures has not yet been developed. This proposed program is designed to address this issue.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Development of Inflatable/Rigidizable truss structures which can be deployed in a controlled and predictable manner will be very useful for various aerospace applications, particularly, for large space structures. The use of inflatable and then rigidizable construction has been proved to have considerable aedvantage over alternate types of structures in terms of weight and packaging volume reduction. Addition of "controlling devices" to the deployment mechanism of inflatable/rigidizable structures makes this technology more valued and reliable. This will create additional business opportunity in many aerospace areas, such as inflatable/rigidizable solar array and concentrators, communications satellites (antennas) SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) and many other structural components on commercial spacecraft. Thus, L'Garde sees a substantial business potential, both for R&D, and resulting products for space use.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Koorosh Guidanean
L'Garde, Inc.
15181 Woodlawn Avenue
Tustin , CA 92780-6487
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
L'Garde, Inc.
15181 Woodlawn Avenue
Tustin , CA 92780-6487
PROJECT TITLE: Ultra Light Weight Solar Sail Material
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Astral Technology Unlimited, Inc. (ATU) proposes using commercially available films to produce ultra-light weight solar sail material weighing approximately 1.2 grams/square meter. ATU will sputter coat the film to protect it from space environment effects and use tape bonding techniques with tear stop filament reinforcement to seam web segments together. The material will be: highly reflective to solar radiation, thermally stable, tear resistant, and resist AO and UV degradation. This material will be capable of being fabricated into very large area sails.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
This new solar sail material can be used to propel space craft over interplanetary space, for programs such as GEOSTORM, or as giant mirrors to concentrate sunlight on space based power generators that would beam electrical energy down to earth for commercial purposes.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Eugene Hildreth
Astral Technology Unlimited, Inc.
1325 Armstrong Road
Northfield , MN 55057
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Astral Technology Unlimited, Inc.
1325 Armstrong Road
Northfield , MN 55057
PROJECT TITLE: Self-Rigidizing Inflatable Composite Material for Large Space Structures
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
ITN proposes a new, innovative material system and rigidizing approach for self-rigidizing inflatable space structures, comprising: graphite fiber/thermoplastic matrix composite (Gr/TP) material with an inflatable inner bladder and an outer restraining skin; thermal softening of the thermoplastic matrix to allow inflation-driven deployment of the Gr/TP tube over a close-fit mandrel. We propose to stow a Gr/TP tube "bellows-style" around a mandrel. To deploy the tube, an insulated cavity is heated to soften the thermoplastic matrix, and internal pressure is applied to "extrude" the tube over the mandrel. As the tube deploys, the matrix cools, "locking" the fibers in place and forming a rigidized tube. By virtue of its thermoplastic matrix, ITN"s system can then be reheated and restowed, allowing thorough ground-testing, on-orbit reconfiguration, or other manipulation. The key advantages of ITN"s reversible self-rigidizing inflatable composite structures include: -Low Mass, High Performance Gr/TP Material -Low Stowed Volume -Reversible Deployment, Retraction (ground testing, on-orbit reconfiguration, ...) -Controlled, High-Rigidity Deployment
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Our self-rigidizing inflatable composite system has significant utility for commercial, civil, and defense spacecraft components including solar arrays, antennae, booms, reflectors, and sunshields. ITN also foresees a number of spin-off applications, such as to control and/or damp the deployment of spring, steel, or shape memory hinges. In this case, a composite strip would be integrated into a stored-energy hinge (i.e., carpenter"s hinge). The cold composite would keep the hinge closed for launch then, as it is heated, would slowly let the hinge deploy, thus eliminating the violent end-of-stroke shock common in these hinges. Our self-rigidizing inflatables technology may also have utility for portable pontoons for floating bridges and quick-erect shelters.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Robert R. Hanson
ITN Energy Systems, Inc.
12401 West 49th Avenue
Wheat Ridge , CO 80033
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
ITN Energy Systems, Inc.
12401 West 49th Avenue
Wheat Ridge , CO 80033
PROJECT TITLE: Deployable Antennas of Open-Celled Foam Construction
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The goal of the proposed program is to definitively assess the use of open-celled polymer foams in the fabrication of large free-standing and self-correcting membrane-based antennas for space applications. This concept avoids the use of inflation gas, lenticular canopies, or other deployment mechanisms. The feasibility of deploying antenna films backed by an open-celled foam support will be determined using analytical methods based on known material properties and mechanics. The results will be compared to competing technologies under current consideration. If successful, the attachment of open-celled foams to reflective films will permit the deployment of very large antenna structures in space with high accuracy, reduced complexity, reduced mass and greatly improved reliability. The potential for very large diameters at low cost may prove to be enabling for high bandwidth communications systems in both commercial and military applications. In addition, the resolution of radar surveillance satellites may be greatly enhanced.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The implications of the foam-deployable space antennas have significant impact on overall space technology. Of greatest importance would be the use of this technology for the deployment of very large diameter, high frequency and high bandwidth antennas for the purposes of military and commercial communication. Applications include directed ground communications, military radar, and military field operations. A major advantage is the absence of inflation gas. Foam based antenna systems can be pre-fabricated and stored for years, with only the electronics package requiring periodic upgrade. When required, the antenna can be folded, packaged and be ready for launch vehicle integration within a few days.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Mr. Peter B. Rand
Adherent Technologies, Inc.
9621 Camino del Sol NE
Albuquerque , NM 87111-1522
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Adherent Technologies, Inc.
9621 Camino del Sol NE
Albuquerque , NM 87111-1522
PROJECT TITLE: Inflatable Rover Wheels
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Aligning the fibers in the exact direction of load will enable large wheels with more and versatility than the current cut-and-sewn wheel-tire approach. Like a bicycle wheel, where the spokes are radially oriented (laced) with respect to the axial, Federal Fabrics-Fibers (FFF) proposes to develop a net shape three dimensional (NS3D) inflated wheel with the fibers oriented radially with respect to the driving axial. Such a wheel will enable a much wider range of inflation pressures, while reducing the weight, cost, and bulk of the wheel compared to a conventional cut and sewn roving wheel. Figure 1 is an schematic representation of a 36" diameter NS3D woven wheel with an axial interface, showing clearly the radial fiber arrangement
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
High performance tires from bicycle , racing cars to off road tractors will greatly benefit from reduce weight and bulk, which will result in lower rolling resistance leading to major fuel saving and cleaner environment.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Fred geurts
Federal Fabrics-Fibers Inc
21 Marie Drive
Andover , MA 01810
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Federal Fabrics Fibers Inc
21 Marie Drive
Andover , MA 01810
PROJECT TITLE: A Novel Tear Resistant Technology for Thin Film Membrane Applications
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Triton Systems proposes two innovative methods to mitigate the premature tearing of thin film membrane materials under consideration for inflatable structures. These two reinforcement techniques have already been demonstrated by Triton Systems to offer a significant increase in tear resistance of thin film membranes. These techniques include (1) a flexible, ultra thin film plastic "rip stop" that is thermally bonded to the back surface of the inflatable membrane, primarily for Kapton, and emerging membrane materials such as TOR-LM, CP1 and CP2, and (2) a plastic "rip stop" grid that is integrated into the thickness of the inflatable membrane, primarily for the emerging membrane materials such as TOR-LM, CP1 and CP2 that are solution castable. These two techniques developed under IR&D funding at Triton, have demonstrated a tenfold enhancement in tear propagation resistance of thin film membranes and offer a series of unique performance advantages as follows: The proposed Phase I will develop the two proposed Triton reinforcement techniques by focusing on establishing a base line of properties for the reinforcements and their effect on candidate membrane materials. Specifically, we will examine such broad issues as how the incorporation of a reinforcement affects the functionality of the membrane material.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The technology of inflatable space structures builds a conceptual bridge between the expandable structures and the space-manufactured objects, having removed to space the last fabrication step. Examples of such missions include radio frequency (RF) antennae for navigation, and communications, antennae for astronomic studies, and solar concentrator reflectors for solar propulsion applications.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Peter Schuler
Triton Systems, Inc.
200 Turnpike Road
Chelmsford , MA 01824
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Triton Systems, Inc.
200 Turnpike Road
Chelmsford , MA 01824
PROJECT TITLE: Electrically Rigidizable Membranes for Inflatable Structures in Space
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
ME Harris & Co. proposes to develop thin, electrically rigidizable multilayer membranes for use in inflatable structures in space. These membranes have within them electrically curable composite materials. Upon deployment and during inflation, the uncured composite membrane is flexible. Once the structure is inflated, electricity is applied to the conductive portions of the membrane, which cures the composite structure, causing it to rigidize. Once rigidized, these structures will have significant material strengths. The flexible (uncured) membranes are resistant to significant leakage even if punctured by collision with micrometeorites prior to rigidization. They permit inflatable structures to have tailored architectures. The rigidization of these membranes can be easily monitered in real time. The membranes can be designed to have multiple functions. On deployment they can be used to create a rigidized structure and afterward serve as antenna or solar collector.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
MEHC sees numerous commercial uses including easily erected temporary shelters for US soldiers deployed in remote locations, emergency shelters for victims of natural disasters, recreational shelters and possibly storage sheds or gazebos in wooded areas. Inflation devices can be used to erect the structures quickly and easily, thereby giving the membranes a desired structural shape. Once inflated, the membrane is rigidized. Thereafter the inflation device is deflated and detached from the structure so that it can again be used to inflate other membranes and make other structures. The small storage footprint of these rigidizable structures will enable many of them to be handled and shipped much more easily than conventional structures. Other potential applications include breakaway traffic devices which the Departments of Transportation for individual states and counties could use in construction areas. Their low storage footprint, lightweight characteristics and the ease with with they can be erected could significantly reduce the shipping, handling and labor installation costs of breakaway traffic devices.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Mary E. Harris
M. E. Harris & Company
4446 Bucks Schoolhouse Road
Baltimore , MD 21237
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
M. E. Harris & Company
4446 Bucks Schoolhouse Road
Baltimore , Md 21237
PROJECT TITLE: High Performance Balloon Envelope Materials for Planetary Aerobots
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
NASA has determined that Planetary Aerobots are one of the best lightweight vehicles for monitoring the atmosphere (in-situ) and the surfaces (proximally) of Mars, Titan, Venus and outer planets for extended periods of time. Traditional materials unfortunately cannot provide the required temperature capabilities and specific strength to meet the structural and weight goals for planned explorations such as those scheduled for Mars. To solve this problem Foster-Miller is proposing to use an advanced high strength, super-barrier, dimensionally stable and cryogenically flexible lyotropic liquid crystal polymer to produce Planetary Aerobot envelopes that meet all performance requirements. We will utilize our proprietary and patented Rotating Die extrusion technology to produce quasi isotropic biaxially oriented film form the highly anisotropic LCP polymer PBO (poly p-phenylene polybensoxazole). In Phase I processing equipment and operating protocols, recommendations will be established for improving gauge uniformity of PBO films. PBO film will be extruded and further processed to tailor film properties for a selected Planetary Aerobot application. Stitching and seaming technologies will also be developed for forming stress concentrator free seams that maintain the PBO?s excellent barrier properties. These technological breakthroughs will become the foundation/enabling technology for producing full or reduced scale Planetary Aerobots in Phase II.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The balloon technology developed in this program using PBO has numerous commercial applications. Similar balloons can be used for communications, earth sensing platforms and long duration scientific platforms. This PBO technology can also be used to fabricate extended flight miniature balloons that will be used to support terrestrial climate investigations and weather predictions. In addition this same technology, if scale-up to very large sizes does not become overly problematic, may be an ideal envelope material for the new generation large scale stratospheric balloons. These Ultra Long Duration Balloons (ULDB) will be used for communications and must have suitable properties to survive launch, ascent and float operations for extended durations. In addition the film processing enhancements that will be generated during this program can become an enabling technology for producing lightweight honeycomb core for commercial aerospace vehicles and liners for lightweight composite fuel tanks for cryogenic fluids.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Leslie S. Rubin
Foster-Miller, Inc.
350 Second Ave.
Waltham , MA 02154
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Foster-Miller, Inc.
350 Second Avenue
Waltham , MA 02154
PROJECT TITLE: Balloon Latitude Trajectory Control System
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Global Aerospace Corporation is proposing to develop a totally new concept for latitude trajectory control system (TCS) for NASA?s Ultra Long Duration (ULDB) Balloons. The advantages of the TCS concept are that it uses little power, operates at night, is lightweight, does not require detailed knowledge of the wind field, and allows the balloon to fly at a constant altitude. The TCS enables the balloon to avoid populous areas and hazards to payload recovery, reach desirable targets, steer around no-fly zones and select convenient landing sites. Currently, when a balloon deviates significantly from a desired flight path, cut down often occurs, sometimes before mission objectives have been met. With a TCS, fewer flights will be terminated early. Furthermore, it will be easier to obtain permission to launch since the planned flight path can be achieved in a greater range of conditions. No longer will balloons be at the mercy of the winds. Phase I will define TCS system requirements, develop a conceptual design, develop performance models, and draft a prototype flight validation system specification. The prototype to be built in Phase II will demonstrate the operation of the TCS on an actual Scientific Balloon Program flight.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Global Aerospace Corporation retains a competitive advantage in all applicable commercial applications of the balloon TCS because we are the sole inventor of the concept. Many classes of balloon systems could benefit from the Global Aerospace Corporation balloon TCS. Beyond the NASA ULDB Program, some of the more obvious commercial applications of such a balloon TCS are: ? Conventional and Long Duration Scientific Ballooning (U.S. & foreign) ? In Situ Upper Atmospheric Sensing on Scientific Balloons ? Sport Balloons and Around the World Balloon Challenges ? Planetary Exploration
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Matthew Kuperus Heun
Global Aerospace Corporation
P.O. Box 93305
Pasadena , CA 91109-3305
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Global Aerospace Corporation
P.O. Box 93305
Pasadena , CA 91109-3305
PROJECT TITLE: Non-intrusive Capture of Engineering Design Scenarios for Virtual Spacecraft Design
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
There is a critical and growing need to achieve better mission designs and hardware, with fewer resources, in less time. Tools, such as the Millennia engine, developed by the Network Engineering Section of Information Systems Development, headed by Norman Lamarra, demonstrate how the flow of engineering data between multi-disciplinary groups can be automated, bringing about significant savings of time and labor. With the Millennia engine and Methogram, a complex process involving exchange of data between multiple legacy and commercial codes may be run, repeated, and optimized. What needs improvement, however, is the capture of the process itself: creating Methograms is time consuming and burdensome. What we will provide, in Phase I, is a method for automatically and transparently capturing a Methogram by non-intrusive tracking of engineers during aeroshell design by the Mechanical Systems Engineering and Research Division, as they run analysis codes and iterate parameters. The process, now saved, is repeatable for similar future missions. Methogram value, consequently, increases dramatically as Methogram creation becomes automatic. In Phase II we will create a toolbox for transparently capturing processes in other industries. A commercial example is capturing the iterative design of an automobile cooling system that involves thermal, geometry, and component iteration
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The specific commercial product that will result from Phase II will enable the non-intrusive capture of corporate knowledge, through tracking engineers as they interact with different analysis codes that have been web enabled, and mechanisms to edit that information, and translate it to formats executable by engines such as the Millenia engine. The corresponding market niche for the product are corporations that have a rich engineering process legacy that is not well documented, and have a need to capture the process and automate it using a variety of possible mechanisms. Corporations that have this need are found in all industries: aerospace, automotive, heavy industry and others. Application of the developed tool will result in dramatic time savings through automation of labor intensive engineering analysis operations, and will enable the codification and preservation of engineering analysis and design procedures.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Gal Berkooz
Beam Technologies, Inc.
110 North Cayuga St.
Ithaca , NY 14850-4331
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Beam Technologies, Inc.
110 North Cayuga St.
Ithaca , NY 14850-4331
PROJECT TITLE: Virtual Rover Agent in a Virtual Environment for Mission Planning
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
We propose a virtual rover agent that interacts with a virtual environment. This will enable the mission operations group and mechanical designers to check preliminary design characteristics before they begin detailed design and build physical prototypes. For Phase I, we will develop a tool to work with the Muse system utilized by the Network Engineering Section of Information Systems Development, headed by Norman Lamarra. In this environment, a researcher will be able to guide a rover through mobility tests, deployment procedures, and scientific experiments, to chart its performance for sets of rover parameter choices. The rover, guided by a joystick type controller, will be constrained to roam on a virtual terrain. Analyses such as rigid body dynamics, stress, thermal, and power dissipation, may be performed simultaneously, enabling different rover designs to be evaluated in a virtual mission environment. For Phase II, we will create generic templates for simulating parameterized CAD models in virtual environments, and allow analyses with commercial codes to be performed simultaneously, as the model is being simulated. The tool has wide commercial potential as CAD users will turn to virtual reality to get user feedback on products early in the design.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The product resulting from Phase II will be a tool for rapid creation of agents for mechanical and electro-mechanical products in virtual reality environments. The agents will be parametric and will perform multidisciplinary analysis as part of their behavior, either through PDESolve or through connection to existing analysis codes. We tentatively refer to this product as PDESolve/Virtual Agent. The market niche for PDESolve/Virtual Agent is designers and manufacturers of mechanical and electromechanical products in the aerospace, automotive, heavy industry and consumer products industries. These industries share a common problem with NASA: how to get feedback from the end user as early as possible in the design process. The commercial venture that will market the results of the work will be Beam. PDESolve/Virtual Agent will be an off-the-shelf add on to CAD tools. It will be sold through a network of resellers. Beam estimates it will have 2,000 seats in five years.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Gal Berkooz
Beam Technologies, Inc.
110 North Cayuga St.
Ithaca , NY 14850-4331
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Beam Technologies, Inc.
110 North Cayuga St.
Ithaca , NY 14850-4331
PROJECT TITLE: Web-interfaced Object-oriented Active Wave Optics Integrated Optimizing Design Tool and Simulator
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The success of the design and construction of modern optical instruments is based in part on the ability to effectively incorporate state-of-the-art optical technologies within budget and project time constraints. Optical CAD programs and wave optics simulation have become indispensable design tools for this task. However, as the design of complex projects evolve, an extraordinarily large amount of resources can be expended just developing and maintaining the design tools and simulations. In addition, when the design requires a collaborative effort, it is generally very difficult for each design team to use the other's tools and simulations. Furthermore, integration is a challenge since progress in optical component manufacturing has made available a large variety of components whose behavior are modeled using different optical physics regimes. The opportunity and technical challenge exist to incorporate the optical design regimes into a single robust comprehensive framework. We will eliminate these problems by developing the next generation optical CAD systems tool that is based on an object-oriented class library. The user interface will be browser-based. The inherent flexibility of the optics class framework prevents the design and simulation tools from consuming too large a share of resources and time. Since it is object oriented, it will eliminate the barriers that prevent specialized tools and simulations from being universally used in collaborative efforts. In addition, the Web interface will allow remote design groups to naturally and transparently share or review input and results.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The object-oriented class library approach to constructing optics design tools and optimizers represents the next generation of optics CAD software. The power and flexibility of the class library approach will make the present day software look rigid and cumbersome, and therefore obsolete. The market for optics CAD software is fairly extensive, hence the opportunity for growth by being one of the first to introduce the next generation of optics CAD technology is equally large. In addition, the object-oriented class library approach is a unified framework, since it can easily incorporate wave optics analysis as well as ray optics analysis, diffractive optics as well as refractive optics, and therefore hybrid systems. Hence this approach will widen the optics design tool market. As optics technology progresses, the class library never becomes obsolete, because newly derived classes tailored for the new technology can always be added, without ever needing to change the base classes. In the same sense, a single optical CAD package based on a class library can be used equally well for optical instrument engineering, electro-optics and integrated optics applications, lidar and ladar, holography, and so on.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Brian Hatfield
AMP Research
420 Bedford St., Ste. 230
Lexington , MA 02420
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Applied Mathematical Physics Research
420 Bedford Street, Ste 230
Lexington , MA 02420
PROJECT TITLE: Optimal Orbit Transfer Analysis for Advanced Space Systems
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
In this study three techniques for effectively optimizing orbit transfers of advanced space systems employing low-thrust propulsion are investigated. The first two methods, known as collocation and parallel shooting, are useful for solving boundary-value-problems that results from applying the calculus-of-variations to optimal control problems. The third technique, which is an application of genetic algorithms, will allow for the optimal selection of discrete parameter values such as thruster on/off cycles. The orbit transfer dynamics will be modeled using variational equations based upon modified equinoctial elements. This model will include third-body, solar radiation pressure and shadowing effects as appropriate. The three techniques will be examined for use in optimizing low-thrust planetary orbit insertion and escape trajectories, low-thrust transfers from a planetary orbit to natural satellite orbit, and low-thrust transfers to libration point orbits.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The results of this study will be a feasible concept of an orbit transfer analysis tool useful for optimizing the trajectories of advanced space systems. This concept will form the basis of a computer program that can be used to analyze a variety of new space system concepts.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Albert L. Herman
Spectrum Astro, Inc.
1440 N. Fiesta Blvd.
Gilbert , AZ 85233-1000
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Spectrum Astro, Inc.
1440 N. Fiesta Blvd
Gilbert , AZ 85233-1000
PROJECT TITLE: Non-Volatile Thin-film Semiconductor Mass Memory
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This program will further develop a new, proprietary, radiation-hard, low-power, high-density, non-volatile semiconductor memory technology with the potential to address NASA program needs for space qualifiable mass memory. The devices are based on thin-film structural phase-change memory materials, related to those currently used in rewriteble optical disks. Prototype devices have already demonstrated extended programming endurance (in excess of 1013 cycles), low voltage operation ( < 3 V), and high programming speed (less than 50 nsec). Research proposed for Phase I will investigate the scaling of programming energy with device size and demonstrate operational test structures suitable for integration into memory arrays using 0.18 micrometer photolithography.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The new thin-film non-volatile memory technology can form the basis for a range of low-cost, high-density mass storage devices, initially replacing FLASH EEPROM, and eventually, possibly also replacing DRAM and SRAM type memories. Their fundamentally robust, radiation-hard characteristics will allow them to address critical aerospace and military needs as well as a range of portable consumer electronics applications.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Wolodymyr (Wally) Czubatyj
Energy Conversion Devices
1675 W. Maple Rd.
Troy , MI 48084
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Energy Conversion Devices
1675 W. Maple Rd.
Troy , MI 48084
PROJECT TITLE: Fuzzy Logic Based Low Consumption Signal Processing Platform
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
In recent years, dramatic achievements in the area of semiconductor technology have resulted in improved capabilities in such areas as image processing, radar data processing, and voice data processing. However, in order to be useful in many applications, the platforms for these applications must be more compact and consume less power than is currently feasible. IAI's innovative idea involves creating a low power consumption platform that saves unused power when the CPU is running. Our processing module will have an intelligent power "manager" to keep inactive circuits in a sleep mode. In computer systems, most of the power is consumed by the memory IC's, especially high speed memories. The power manager will feed power only to active memory windows at different time slots. Our objective is to study power distribution to implement low power consumption circuits, and then design a low power consumption signal processing platform. Extensive evaluations will be completed using both simulation and experiment.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Processor boards which consume less power by placing circuits in a low power sleep mode when they are not currently being accessed will have a significant competitive advantage for use in portable equipment where battery life is important.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Mr. Yanqing Lin
Intelligent Automation, Inc.
2 Research Place, Suite 202
Rockville , MD 20850
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Intelligent Automation, Inc.
2 Research Place, Suite 202
Rockville , MD 20850
PROJECT TITLE: Stackable Thermally Enhanced Radiation Shielding Packaging for Microelectronics
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
As microelectronic circuits used in space applications become more and more complex with greater capabilities, they require more chips, more memory, and more room. This means increased size and weight which means increased launch costs. One technique that is used to reduce the room required is stacking microelectronic die. This saves room but creates some packaging problems, one of which is heat.Space Electronics Inc. (SEi) proposes to develop a low cost, radiation shielding, stackable packaging technology for advanced microcircuits (e.g. 4MEG fast SRAMs or 64 MEG DRAMS), suitable for space applications. Stacking fast SRAM's gives the high density desired, but creates a heat problem. Incorporating RAD-PAK®, SEi's flagship radiation shielding packaging material, directly into the stack will not only provide radiation shielding which is shared by all the die, but will also draw the heat away from the device. A series of thermal vias connecting each heat sink with the device directly underneath it would provide a heat transfer path down through the stack and eventually to the printed circuit board. Connecting the die directly to the heat sink would provide the most efficient thermal path, while also providing the smallest overall outline.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
A 1997 SBA Tibbetts Award winner, Space Electronics Inc. has a demonstrated ability to rapidly insert SBIR technology into space programs. The same density, heat and radiation problems exist for commercial and military satellites, making this a truly cross-cutting technology. This technology is also applicable to ground-based applications where high density is desired.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Janet Patterson
Space Electronics Inc.
4031 Sorrento Valley Blvd.
San Diego , CA 92121
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Space Electronics Inc.
4031 Sorrento Valley Blvd.
San Diego , CA 92121
PROJECT TITLE: Integrated Microtransformers for System on a Chip
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Arkansas Microelectronics Development Corporation (AMDC) proposes to develop a thin film microtransformer for use in mixed signal and power system applications. Present discrete, or surface mount, transformers require considerable surface real estate area. By integrating thin film microtransformers directly into the substrate, or chip, the total area and weight would be greatly reduced. A typical application might be a DC-to-DC converter that would convert 28 volt input to a 3.3 volt, 200 mA output. NASA/JPL currently has a need for on-chip DC-DC converters for their System on a Chip (SOAC) program. However, other applications with differing requirements could also be included. In order to take advantage of outside expertise, AMDC will subcontract the University of Arkansas' High Density Electronics Center (HiDEC) for design and modeling assistance. This subcontract will also allow AMDC to use HiDEC's cleanroom and analytic facilities for fabrication and testing. University of Arkansas faculty members currently involved with JPL's SOAC program will also be available through the subcontract. Matching funds from the Arkansas Science and Technology Authority (ASTA) will also be pursued.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The driving forces for utilizing integrated microtransformers parallels the driving forces for utilizing higher specific functionality of microelectronics in general. The consumer segment wants them for the purpose of reducing system mass and volume in portable applications such as cell phones, pagers, electronic personal assistants and briefcase-portable computers while higher performance is often a secondary consideration. The high-performance users (military, aerospace, supercomputers) want them in order to solve problems associated with very high clock rates as well as for their compactness. Thin film microtransformers are a major emphasis area in JPLÕs SOAC program. This program has a overall goal of full scale integration of the avionics system on one chip. This is a difficult challenge requiring partnerships on all levels. AMDC plans to work with JPL and major manufacturers such as Raytheon and/or and design/modeling firms such as Tanner Associates. Optical Networks, Inc. has also expressed interest in AMDCÕs integrated passive development.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. David Nelms
Arkansas Microelectronics Development Corp.
700 West 20th Street
Fayetteville , AR 72701
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Arkansas Microelectronics Development Co
700 West 20th Street
Fayetteville , AR 72701
PROJECT TITLE: "Smart" Power Panel
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
By integrating two or more functions into load-bearing structure, spacecraft size and mass can be drastically reduced. ITN is currently developing a number of thin-film power system and supporting technologies which could be integrated with the spacecraft structure to create a multifunctional "Smart" Power Panel (SPP). ITN proposes herein a revolutionary integrated structural panel comprising thin-film battery in structural core, thin-film charge control electronics flex-circuit, thin-film photovoltaics, integral radiation protection coatings, and high conductivity, composite facesheets for thermal management. Key advantages of our SPP concept, compared to a conventional power subsystem with separate solar array, battery, and power electronics components, include the following: - reduced launch mass and volume, and thus the number of launches to deploy a given system - reduced integration procedures; assembly of spacecraft also integrates the power subsystem - reduced mass of "parasitic/low value" structural elements.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed "Smart" Power Panel system can be spun-off into either military or civilian applications. The commercial spacecraft and aircraft industries could obviously benefit, however, there is also huge terrestrial potential. SPP could replace or augment diesel generators, thereby reducing fuel resupply demands, and noise and IR signatures. It may also be used as a self sufficient power source for third world regions. If SPP can be produced very cost-effectively, it could be implemented in villages where access to the main power grid is not economically feasible.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Jeffrey Summers
ITN Energy Systems, Inc.
12401 West 49th Avenue
Wheat Ridge , CO 80033
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
ITN Energy Systems, Inc.
12401 West 49th Avenue
Wheat Ridge , CO 80033
PROJECT TITLE: Multifunction Solar Array / Antenna
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
A multifunction solar array / antenna can be achieved by integrating the radiating elements into the solar array surface. This study contract will define and evaluate designs which combine advanced solar concentrator technology with traditional antenna array technology. The COI solar concentrator approach enables the integration concept by providing paths through the solar concentrator elements to the distributed radiating elements. The end goal is an integrated design that has performance and stowed volume equivalent to traditional solar arrays but incorporating an array of radiating antenna elements. Currently, antenna array designs are stand-alone sandwich structures made from aluminum or composites that require their own deployment. This study will develop designs which provide for power generation and telecommunications antenna functions in a single aperture after a single deployment. Our concept design(s) will address precision installation of the antenna elements and define compatible transmission line technologies with respect to stiffness, CTE and thermal expansion. The resulting design(s) will yield an antenna array aperture that is lightweight and compatible with available stowed volume, high stiffness, dimensionally stable and low cost. One design concept may be more suitable for higher frequency apertures while another may be better for lower frequency applications requiring fewer radiating elements.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
A demand for large space-based antenna apertures has existed for many years. The need for these apertures is expected to increase in the future. Many of these future apertures will be required to fit within a restricted launch volume. Current technologies for solar power and antenna arrays will drive the satellite?s launch volume. The shrinking government budgets, as well as commercial requirements, may not tolerate the costs associated with the technology that is currently being used. In recent years, considerable progress has been made toward the design and fabrication of solar concentrators from Polymer Matrix Composite (PMC) materials. One of these concepts may also provide the necessary space for an array of radiating antenna elements. Development is required to provide lighter multifunction structures which will meet the requirements of future military, science and commercial systems. COI has identified a solar concentrator design and several approaches that offer a genuine opportunity to move these lightweight multifunction apertures into future space systems. Our proposed Phase I SBIR program is an important step in the development and implementation of these technologies
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Theodore G. Stern
Composite Optics, Incorporated
9617 Distribution Avenue
San Diego , CA 92121
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Composite Optics, Incorporated
9617 Distribution Avenue
San Diego , CA 92121
PROJECT TITLE: High Performance Chip-on-Structure Material Development
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Currently, power devices for space applications generate heat in the range from 30W to 300W with power densities as high as 100 W/cm2. Such power levels in small satellites impose a great challenge to diminish subsequent thermal effects. Available heat dissipation mechanisms do not promise much more opportunity for innovation on thermal management. New materials, design, fabrication and packaging methods are required for better survivability of microelectronics by introducing novel and effective heat dissipation mechanisms. The chip-on-structure (COS) concept allows potential benefits by an effective heat dissipation through a selected substrate structure which has high thermal conductivity.k Technology Corporation proposes to develop a unique COS material with high conductivity (> 1000 W/mK), low coefficient of thermal expansion to match silicone or gallium arsenide, and low density (< 3.2 g/cm3). This material can provide efficient conductive heat removal of COS electronics for space, airborne and ground applications. The proposed material system is a macrocomposite comprised of thermal pyrolytic graphite (TPG) encapsulated within a composite shell. TPG is a unique form of graphite manufactured by decomposition of a hydrocarbon gas at high temperature in a vacuum furnace. TPG is highly aligned crystalline graphite with an in-plane thermal conductivity of 1700 W/mK.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The encapsulated TPG material to be demonstrated under this program would have applications in the commercial satellite market, as well as the obvious military and NASA uses. Other applications include, heat spreaders for high power devices, substrates for multichip modules, electronic packages, and cold plates.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Mark J. Montesano
k Technology Corporation
500 Office Center Drive, Suite 250
Fort Washington , PA 19034
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
k Technology Corporation
500 Office Center Drive, Suite 250
Fort Washington , PA 19034
PROJECT TITLE: Robust Filtering for High Precision Pointing and Tracking
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This project will develop robust filtering algorithms and implementation for high precision tracking and pointing systems. The platform motion estimation and prediction algorithms, H robustification algorithms, fuzzy logic based estimation enhancement, and factorized filter implementation are integrated seamlessly to ensure the performance and robustness of the tracking filter. The filter robustness against disturbances and uncertainties is emphasized. The extended Kalman filter is robustified by the H techniques in the sense that the worst case performance is guaranteed. Fuzzy logic is introduced in a two-step measurement updating scheme which can potentially account for part of the errors involved in the modeling process, to further improve the robustness and performance of the estimator. A square root filter implementation is developed to alleviate the numerical problem, which accommodates the H filter and the fuzzy enhancement. The algorithms, approaches, and techniques developed in this project will be applied to the image-based tracking and pointing testbed in our laboratory. The research and development results in a commercial product, the Robust Filtering Toolbox, which has the potential for wide applications to various areas.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The commercial product developed in this project, the Robust Filtering Toolbox, has the potential for wide applications to numerous fields, such as automobiles, ships, aircraft, spacecraft, and missile seekers.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Ching-Fang Lin
American GNC Corporation
9131 Mason Ave.
Chatsworth , CA 91311
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
American GNC Corporation
9131 Mason Ave.
Chatsworth , CA 91311
PROJECT TITLE: Multispacecraft Constellation Initialization and Trajectory Optimization using Genetic based Machine Learning Techniques
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Multiple-spacecraft missions, under either centralized or coordinatedcontrol, are rapidly emerging as a principal component of current and future planned space missions. Using relatively low-cost micro-spacecraft architectures, they offer enhanced mission robustness with reduced overall mission costs when compared to traditional single-spacecraft missions. Programs such as NASA's New Millenium DS-3 Separated Spacecraft Interferometer and Planet Finder missions, together with commercial multi-satellite constellations (IRIDIUM, Teledesic) highlight the immediate need for effective multi-spacecraft control and autonomy technologies. Such formation flying introduces new challenges in control technology in order to meet desired specifications for successful mission completion. While fixed-formation maneuvering has been at the forefront of multi-spacecraft research, relatively little progress has been made for the constellation initialization problem, due to its unique difficulties for traditional trajectory optimization and control. This project addresses constellation initialization by proposing a novel technique for solving the implicit dynamic programming/global optimization problem using Genetics-Based Machine Learning (GBML) techniques. Such algorithms have already been successfully applied for machine-learning of complex maneuvers for advanced fighter combat, which poses similarly complex challenges to that of multi-spacecraft constellation initialization. A GBML Toolbox will be developed and commercialized for solving complex, multi-system, multi-controller optimization problems.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The development of the above core learning technologies in machine learning and dynamic optimization will serve as a foundation for Phase III commercialization. Multi-spacecraft trajectory optimization has a direct market in the growing communications sector, with the advent of global satellite constellations (IRIDIUM, Teledesic, GlobalStar). Other applications of this technology are for multi-system and multi-controller engineering systems which present disparate sensing, control, actuation and optimization objectives.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Sanjeev Seereeram
Scientific Systems Co., Inc.
500 West Cummings Pk, S-3000
Woburn , MA 01801
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Scientific Systems Company, Inc.
500 W. Cummings Park Suite 3000
Woburn , MA 01801-6503
PROJECT TITLE: Rapid electro-optical measurement of cylinder position and rates
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This effort is directed at rapidly (e.g., 100 samples/sec) measuring the attitude (yaw, roll, pitch), the angular rates, and the displacements of a cylindrical bar, Requirements/constraints the implementation must satisfy are: (1) attitude standard deviation (s) of less than 0.006", (2) positional s of less than 3 mils (0.003 inches), (3) no thermal emission sources (e.g., incandescent lighting) are allowed below the cylinder, (4) no measurement sensors are allowed on the cylinder front loading side or back wall, (5) sensors have to track (initial) "instantaneous" yaw and pitch of 0.1 deg/sec and roll of 1deg/sec and displacements of 100 mils/sec over short measurement intervals (1 sample period). The specific innovations are to utilize: (1) passive markings (e.g., not active LEDs) on the cylindrical object being measured, (2) an array (e.g., 16) of precisely positioned fast (e.g., 220 frames/sec) stereo cameras (e.g., 256x256), (3) that are (at least) 3 ft. away, (4) an array of fast processors that are tightly coupled to the camera, resulting in a measurement system with an update rate to a controller of better than 100 samples/sec, including all pipeline delays (e.g., data acquisition, processing, data transfer), due to the proposed measurement system.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Magnetic suspension systems are applicable in a variety of low energy consumption bearing related spaceborne (e.g., satellite propulsion), airborne (e.g., pointing/tracking) and ground based (e.g., wind tunnel model) applications. There is a specialized but substantial commercial aerospace industry market for this large gap magnetic suspension system technology.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Jayant S. Karmarkar
Innovative Configuration, Inc.
712 Via Palo Alto
Aptos , CA 95003
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Innovative Configuration, Inc.
712 Via Palo Alto
Aptos , CA 95003
PROJECT TITLE: Robust MCM Packaging Technology for Space Systems
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
An Electronic Transaxle MCM controller module was recently developed by automakers as the first under-the-hood polymer-substrate MCM. A newly-created infrastructure is now positioned to supply the auto industry with millions of these MCMs. Automakers are now developing a size-reduced, ruggedized and cost-reduced second generation controller. Aerospace manufacturers want to use the same controller in space launch vehicles, if it can be qualified. This presents an opportunity to simultaneously develop and qualify a new MCM package for both military and commercial use. Plugging this Government application into the emerging infrastructure for automotive controllers will save millions in controller development costs. Government use of this infrastructure for future MCMs will save billions in future electronics procurement costs. Since 1996 Aguila Technologies has been developing advanced packaging materials and processes required for this dual-use application. This project presents a golden opportunity to take these new technologies out of the lab into a real product of immense value. Our goal is to apply Aguila's advanced materials and process developments to the new module and qualify it against real-world requirements. This will create an immediate dual-use MCM capability of value to both automotive and aerospace users.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The resulting infrastructure that will emerge from this proposed effort will support far-reaching Government requirements and trigger rapid commercialization of these advanced packages. Production implementation of this first generation MCM is slated for 1998 with a production volume of 400,000 in its first year. A program to develop low cost and high performance materials for manufacturing infrastructure of MCMs is urgently needed for industry. The realization of this technology should open a market that may exceed $220 annually within five years for high-density MCMs.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Sherry Zhu
Aguila Technologies, Inc.
310 Via Vera Cruz, Suite 107
San Marcos , CA 92069-2631
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Aguila Technologies, Inc.
310 Via Vera Cruz, Suite 107
San Marcos , CA 92069
PROJECT TITLE: Ultra-High Bandwidth Spaceborne Fiber Optic Data Links
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The innovation offered by this Phase I SBIR proposal is a spacecraft data handling network with composite data bandwidths from near 30 Gbps to as high as 120 Gbps. Our innovation incorporates a combination of Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), and our new multiplexing approach referred to as Mode Group Multiplexing (MGM). The combination of these techniques provides the maximum possible data routing flexibility for multimode fiber networks. The high speed networks are offered in the two common topologies, a Star that uses a WDM/TDM technique, and a Ring which uses a combination of WDM, TDM, and MGM.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Our ultra-high speed fiber optic networks are primarily intended for the commercial and government aerospace markets, specifically satellite data busses. Through our partnership with Litton and Orlando & Associates, Inc., our commercialization plan targets customers that include Loral, Boeing, Lockheed Martin, TRW, Hughes, and Ball Aerospace. However, due to the planned wide growth in high speed local area networks (LANs), we anticipate broad commercial use of our fiber optic components.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Charles Chalfant
Optical Networks Inc.
3450 Hillview Avenue
Palo Alto , CA 94304
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Optical Networks Inc.
3450 Hillview Avenue
Palo Alto , CA 94304
PROJECT TITLE: High Density MCM-D Substrates with Integrated Capacitors
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Arkansas Microelectronics Development Corporation (AMDC) proposes to develop high density multichip module (MCM) substrates with integrated capacitors. This project will target NASA's goals involving decreased payload weight and volume and increased functionality. In all fields of electronics packaging, especially computer and telecommunications, there is a real incentive to achieve high speed and high volume signal transmission, down sizing, and competitive pricing. To demonstrate the feasibility of high speed signal transmission in MCM substrates, it is necessary to get high density chip packaging and to improve the transmission characteristics of the MCM substrate itself. When you combine integrated capacitors with MCM substrates, you gain not only high frequency decoupling capacitors, but also space saving, and significant improvements in performance over conventional discrete chip capacitors. The substrates proposed will consist of tantalum oxide integrated capacitors with four copper metal layers, power, ground, and two signal layers. AMDC's advantage over their competition is their ability to fabricate reliable and low defect density tantalum oxide capacitors through anodization. Matching funds from the Arkansas Science and Technology Authority will also be pursued.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Although initial customers will most likely be high performance users such as aerospace and government agencies, this technology would greatly benefit the wireless industry. To be competitive in manufacturing pagers, cell phones, etc. product miniturization and weight reduction is essential. AMDC's products will would satisfy these requirements which would greatly benefit the wireless companies.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. David Nelms
Arkansas Microelectronics Development Corp.
700 West 20th Street
Fayetteville , AR 72701
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Arkansas Microelectronics Development Co
700 West 20th Street
Fayetteville , AR 72701
PROJECT TITLE: Strained Silicon Quantum Wells for Cryogenic Electronics
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Silicon based imaging devices are sensitive over a wide range of operating wavelengths and are readily integrated with the associated readout electronics. However, the physics of the metal-oxide-semiconductor devices used limits their circuit performance at cryogenic temperatures. Superior performance at low temperatures might be achieved using gallium arsenide or superconductor based circuits but would require the development of hybrid technologies. Our proposed innovation is the development of a strained silicon/silicon-germanium quantum well field effect transistor technology for high speed, low noise cryogenic electronics. This material system combines the advantages of high carrier mobility, normally associated with III-V compound semiconductors, with the many advantages of silicon processing compatibility. In addition, strained quantum well field effect transistors will have higher radiation tolerance than conventional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor devices. High performance cryogenic circuits based on these devices will satisfy many of the needs outlined in sub-topic 22.01 of this NASA program. They will also add enhanced analog and digital signal processing functionality to focal plane array detectors. If realized, this innovation will lead to a new generation of low noise, low power and fully integrated imaging systems using silicon and/or germanium based detectors.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The primary application for this technology is cryogenic low noise, radiation hard readout electronics for focal plane detector arrays. Similar opportunities exist in high speed-radiation hard electronics for satellite applications. Likewise, there is a growing demand for low noise cryogenic circuits for medical applications such as sensors for measuring biomagnetic fields as well as positron emission tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. The strained silicon layers on silicon-germanium will be applicable to the fabrication of high speed room temperature metal oxide semiconductor devices which are being explored for commercialization. In addition, the low defect density silicon germanium alloy layers to be developed here can be lattice matched to III-V materials; the resulting virtual substrates could enable other hybrid technologies.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
James E. Huffman
Lawrence Semiconductor Research Laboratory
2300 West Huntington Drive
Tempe , AZ 85282
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Lawrence Semiconductor Research Lab
2300 W. Huntington Dr.
Tempe , AZ 85282
PROJECT TITLE: Uncooled Thermal Imaging Using Thermionic Charge Integration
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The Thermionic Thermal Detector (TTD) uses a thermally isolated Schottky diode as the sensing element.In reverse bias, the thermionic emission current is exponentially dependent on temperature and exhibits a high temperature coefficient. Test detectors demonstrate electrical characteristics that correspond to a noise equivalent temperature difference of 6 mK which is 5 times more sensitive than comparable VOx resistive bolometers. In addition, the TTD exhibits low 1/f noise and high uniformity; these features allow use of an integrating mode readout rather then the more standard pulse biased sampling schemes used for VOx bolometers. Development efforts are already underway to integrate the TTD with an existing VOx bolometer readout using thin film transfered techniques. The TTD bias voltage and charge capacity requirements are similar to long wave infrared (LWIR) photovoltaic detectors. In Phase I we will demonstrate TTD imaging using a 128x128 array readout using thermionic charge integration rather than the standard pulse biased sampling. A single Indium bump per detector will be used to interconnect the TTD array to the readout.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Commercial applications include environmental: (wildlife managment, pollution control & forestry); civil: (law enforcement, fire fighting, drug enforcement & Border patrol), and industrial: (preventive maintenance & process control).
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Prabha K. Tedrow
Solid State Scientific Corporation
27-2 Wright Road
Hollis , NH 03049
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Solid State Scientific Corporation
27-2 Wright Road
Hollis , NH 03049
PROJECT TITLE: Low-noise, Low Temperature Coefficient Resistors and Resistor Arrays
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Advanced detectors and detector arrays for high energy sensing can significantly benefit from the availability of small, low-noise, wire bondable resistors with less than 4% resistance changes from room temperature to 1 K. Similarly resistor arrays can reduce the bulk and simplify the circuitary in high energy detector arrays. Currently, the real estate needed for the resistors is large and the reliability over large temperature range is low. This effort seeks to develop resistors that overcome these limitations. Phase I will establish the proof-of-concept.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Potential applications of high precision resistors in general and cryogenic resistors and resistor arrays is very broad. Potential applications range from low-temperature electronics, communications, electrical devices, sensors, strain gages, to detectors.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dmitri Routkevitch, Ph.D.
Nanomaterials Research Corp.
2620 Trade Center Avenue
Longmont , CO 80503
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Nanomaterials Research Corp.
2620 Trade Center Avenue
Longmont , CO 80503
PROJECT TITLE: Large Area Solid State Detectors for Remote XRF Measurements
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
We propose to develop multi-channel silicon x-ray detector arrays, and their associated integrated circuit pulse-processing electronics, for high energy resolution remote x-ray fluorescence measurements for planetary geochemical analysis. The detectors will detect x-rays from planetary bodies, such as the moon, asteroids, comets and Mercury, which are produced by fluorescence from the solar x-ray flux. The detectors will be sensitive in the 1 - 20 keV energy range, will have 200-400 eV FWHM energy resolution, will cover an area 100-200 cm2, and will operate without mechanical or cryogenic cooling. The detectors will be designed using one-dimensional strips delineating the individual detector elements, but will be fabricated on single monolithic substrates. A detector ~2 cm2 will contain on the order of 100 strips, each strip will be connected to a single channel of an integrated circuit chip containing low noise amplification and processing electronics. The 2 cm2 detector/chip modules will be tiled together, to achieve the total area required of 100-200 cm2. Although this general concept has been applied to the development of large area high energy physics detectors, this proposal addresses novel solutions to the challenges imposed by the simultaneous requirements of the large area detectors and ultra low noise x-ray detection in astrophysical applications. These detectors can be used in future Discovery missions, to replace the currently used proportional counters and filter systems, and will offer much better energy resolution, reduced power consumption, high reliability, and significantly reduced weight. The detectors will be developed during Phase I, while the integrated circuits and system packaging will be developed during Phase II.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
These solid state detectors will have applications in x-ray fluorescence analytical techniques for chemical analysis of environmental, geochemical and materials science such as are found with scanning electron microscopes and in the steel industry; powder diffraction cameras; low noise synchrotron x-ray detectors for biological analysis. The elimination of cryogenic cooling introduces many new possibilities for room temperature field portable applications in environmental monitoring.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Carolyn Tull
Photon Imaging, Inc.
19355 Business Center Dr., Suite 8
Northridge , CA 91324
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Photon Imaging, Inc.
19355 Business Center Drive, Suite 8
Northridge , CA 91324
PROJECT TITLE: High-Sensitivity, High-Energy Resolution Silicon Scintillation Detectors
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
For space- and balloon gamma-ray spectroscopy applications detector choice is limited to a scintillator/photomultiplier tube (PMT) combination or high-purity Ge. Scintillator / PMT systems have many drawbacks, associated mainly with the PMT light sensor. Considering all the technologies for replacing the PMT, we propose that the best potential for large photodetector active areas and improved energy resolution is a bold new approach to develop a new photodetector technology, namely: large-area silicon drift photodetectors (SDP) coupled to scintillators such as CsI(Tl) and others. Preliminary results with this new technology suggest that large-volume scintillation spectrometers of 5% energy resolution at 662 keV are possible. With this new technology the following limitations of scintillation spectrometers can be addressed: 1) Compared to conventional PMT-based scintillator system, the innovation offers smaller overall size and weight without decrease in detection efficiency, 2) improved energy resolution, 3) superior ruggedness, and 4) cost comparable with the photomultiplier tube. All of these factors relate to issues of critical importance in NASA space missions. In Phase I we will explore the feasibility of achieving these goals. In Phase II we would fabricate and demonstrate SDP based spectrometers with 2-inch by 3-inch NaI equivalency or better.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
New gamma-ray scintillation detectors based on solid-state replacements of the PMTs that offer improved resolution compared with PMTs, without the cryogenic requirements of Ge, would be used in many space based and terrestrial high energy physics and nuclear science applications which today use either PMT based detectors or Ge. Other commercial applications are for nuclear contraband monitoring at customs and other inspection points. A very large commercial market exists for the new detectors in the field of nuclear medicine. Because these devices are fabricated in silicon using similar processes to existing mass production silicon techniques the cost would also be attractive.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Bradley E. Patt
Photon Imaging, Inc.
19355 Business Center Dr., Suite 8
Northridge , CA 91324
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Photon Imaging, Inc.
19355 Business Center Drive, Suite 8
Northridge , CA 91324
PROJECT TITLE: Improved CdZnTe crystal growth for gamma ray detection applications
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Avyd Devices proposes proposes to develop a technology which entails minimization of the concentration of traps and inclusions in Cd1-X ZnX Te crystals and maximization of the hole carrier lifetime via post-growth processing of Cd1-X ZnX Te wafers under well defined thermodynamic conditions, and then to incorporate these conditions in the crystal growth of bulk Cd1-X ZnX Te ingots in both the high-pressure Bridgman and the classical non-high pressure vertical and horizontal Bridgman processes. In phase I we plan to demonstrate and deliver to NASA single element and linear arrays of gamma ray detectors with very high performance fabricated in material modified by the annealing process. At the end of the Phase II effort, we plan to deliver large ingots of CdZnTe with state-of-the art resistivity and carrier lifetime characteristics. Also, at the end of the Phase II effort, we plan to deliver to NASA , well characterized gamma ray detectors in 256 x 256 array formats, exhibiting state-of-the art in detector performance.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Nuclear diagnostics, Digital radiography, High resolution astrophysical X-ray ang gamma ray imaging, Industrioal web gauging etc.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Honnavalli R Vydyanath
Avyd Devices, Inc.
2925 College Avenue, Unit A-01
Costa Mesa , CA 92626
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Avyd Devices, Inc.
2925 College Avenue, Unit A-01
Costa Mesa , CA 92626
PROJECT TITLE: Single-stage and two-stage inertance tube cryocoolers
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Sunpower proposes to investigate the feasibility of single-stage and two-stage inertance tube cryocoolers based on recent advances in pulse-tube and linear compressor technologies. If feasible, these new inertance tube cryocoolers would satisfy the long-life, high reliability, low mass, low cost, and high efficiency requirements of NASA SBIR Subtopic 22.04 (Cryogenic Support Systems) for cryocoolers in the range of 0.1 - 10 W of cooling at temperatures of 7 - 120 K. In replacing the orifice of a single-orifice pulse tube cryocooler, an inertance tube exploits the pressure drop of a long narrow tube to achieve necessary phase relationships without the debilitating flow circulation effects of a second orifice. The gas bearings and compliant suspension of Sunpower's advanced linear compressors contribute a unique combination of long life, high reliability, and low cost to Sunpower's Model M77 Stirling cryocoolers. This project will employ Sage software (Gedeon Associates) to model pulse tube cryocoolers with inertance tubes and Sunpower's linear compressors and to compare their performance to Sunpower's M77 Stirling cryocoolers. Based on these models, mechanical layout drawings and electronic controls for a single stage and a two-stage inertance tube cryocooler will be designed for development in Phase II and commercial sales in Phase III.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Applications for small, low mass, highly reliable, efficient, low cost cryocoolers include medical, imaging, infra-red, communications and computing applications, as well as space missions. New medical applications are emerging in the freezing of tissue for the treatment of heart disease, endometriosis, cancer, and other conditions. The US military requires thousands of cryocooled focal plane arrays by the year 2010, and other military communications applications include encryption and COMSEC equipment. Markets are also growing for infra-red cameras, warning receivers, industrial testing equipment, and environmental services. In addition, high temperature superconducting filters are forecast in advanced telephone systems, and chilled CMOS circuits in the most high performance computer workstations are expected to require thousands of cryocoolers annually. Such commercial applications open the opportunity for NASA's space systems to benefit from cost reductions due to the amortization of development costs over high volume production rates. Through rapid innovations in inertance tubes and linear compressors, Sunpower intends to lead the commercialization of small, low mass, highly reliable, efficient, low cost cryocoolers for these applications.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Gary Wood
Sunpower, Inc.
P.O. Box 2625
Athens , OH 45701-2625
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Sunpower, Inc.
P.O. Box 2625
Athens , OH 45701-2625
PROJECT TITLE: A High-Reliability, Compact, Hybrid Cooler (MEC Proposal No. 806RS2043)
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Mainstream has developed an innovative cryocooler design that can provide compact, low-vibration cryocooling down to temperatures as low as 40 K. Phase I includes an optimization of this innovative design and an experimental demonstration. Phase I will provide experimental verification of the approach and experimentally-derived "Hard Numbers" to support the cooling capacity per unit mass claims of this proposal. The completion of the Phase II contract would result in the adaption of this demonstrated cryocooler method specifically for a NASA application. The Phase I effort is significant, in that a field demonstration of this low-temperature compact low-life-cycle-cost cryocooler will be achieved before proceeding to Phase II. It is also important to point out that 120-150 K has traditionally been the lowest temperature achieveable with vapor compression technology. However, Mainstream has already demonstrated that the combination of several innovative advances to the conventional vapor compressor system make 40 K an achievable low temperature limit (with this hybrid technology) and temperatures as low as 10 K may be attainable.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
This proposal describes an innovative, compact, and relatively inexpensive cryocooling system that has tremendous commercial medical and industrial applications. Due to tremendous commercialization potential, Mainstream has already committed its own resources into performing the initial prototype experiments and has received a $500,000 Phase III commercialization committment.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Robert P. Scaringe
Mainstream Engineering Corporation
200 Yellow Place
Rockledge , FL 32955
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Mainstream Engineering Corporation
200 Yellow Place
Rockledge , FL 32955
PROJECT TITLE: Gas Film Bearings for Reverse-Brayton Cryocoolers
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Self-acting gas bearings in miniature turbomachines provide exceptional reliability and eliminate vibration in space-borne reverse-Brayton cryocoolers. The ability to successfully manufacture these bearings with high precision has been a key factor in the success of our turbo-machine based cryocooler technology. Nevertheless, the methods that are presently used to produce these bearings are labor intensive, requiring a high degree of manual skill. The result is a costly, time consuming process to achieve the required level of precision in each bearing set. This project seeks to develop a novel, automatic method to manufacture the bore geometry of self-acting bearings. The method is suited to automated and repeatable manufacture so that the cost of the bearings would become a smaller fraction of the total cost of the cryocooler. The development of the tapered land bearing is the first step towards realizing a new bearing technology, suspended tapered land bearings, which will enable the turbomachine components of the coolers to be miniaturized. This technology is a critical element in extending the practical use of turbo reverse-Brayton cryocoolers to space applications in the 4 K - 10 K temperature range.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed bearing fabrication technique will be used for the manufacture of cryocoolers used by NASA and the Department of Defense for spaceborne exploration and surveillance. The technique will significantly reduce the cost of cryocooler manufacture and will thereby promote their commercial application. These applications include communication satellites, cryopumping, magnetic resonance imaging systems, cryosurgery, cryocooled computer systems, small-scale superconducting energy storage, and ultra-high speed optoelectronic communication.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
John A. McCormick
Creare Incorporated
P.O. Box 71
Hanover , NH 03755
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Creare Incorporated
P.O. Box 71, Etna Road
Hanover , NH 03755-0071
PROJECT TITLE: Lighter, Cheaper, Better Long-Life Cooler
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Creare proposes an innovative small cryogenic cooler for future space missions, emphasizing high reliability, low cost, and very light weight. The cooler employs a pulse tube cold head and a thermo-compressor, eliminating the weight, expense, and reliability burden of the compressor drive motor and the power electronics. In Phase I, we will experimentally demonstrate auto-resonant operation of a thermo-compressor displacer and design an engineering model cryocooler system. The key outcome of this effort will be confirmation that the Phase II cooler can operate successfully with minimal electronics. In Phase II, we will fabricate a complete cryocooler system, perform laboratory testing, and document performance characteristics.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed cryocooler is well suited to laboratory and portable instrument applications, due to its low cost and operational simplicity and ruggedness.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
W. Dodd Stacy
Creare Incorporated
P.O. Box 71
Hanover , NH 03755
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Creare Incorporated
P.O. Box 71, Etna Road
Hanover , NH 03755-0071
PROJECT TITLE: Stageable, Actuatable, Anti-Clogging J-T Cryostats
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Stageable J-T cryostats with precooling interfaces and high-flux cold tip heat exchangers are essential for development of sorption cryocooler systems for spacecraft. Development is proposed of a stageable, anti-clogging J-T cryostat which combines the key innovations of an integral precooler/condenser section, commandable nozzle control, and a new form of high-heat-flux cold-tip heat exchanger. The precooler section can be readily coupled to a preceding cooling stage, such as a space radiator, thermoelectric cooler, etc., or the cold tip of another cryostat so that a series of like cryostats can be staged together. Commandable control of the nozzle allows regulating refrigeration, sequencing stages, and periodically flushing contaminants from the nozzle. The cold tip heat exchanger provides for much more effective mixing and heat transfer into the vaporizing liquid fraction of the flow than a conventional cold tip of comparable size.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Versions of the proposed J-T cryostat would be highly advantageous for a wide variety of applications requiring prolonged continuous low-noise cryocooling and/or commandable control of the cryostat, including: cryo-surgery instruments; gamma-ray spectrometers; x-ray spectrometers; infrared spectrometers and imagers; SQUIDS; and cryoelectronics such as for high-density, high-speed microprocessors, very low-noise amplifiers, and superconducting filters and multiplexers for computers, communications, and electronic countermeasures systems.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
K. Randall Kohuth
General Pneumatics Corporation
3616 W. Thomas Rd., Ste. 5
Phoenix , AZ 85019-4443
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
General Pneumatics Corporation
3616 W. Thomas Rd. Ste. 5
Phoenix , AZ 85019-4443
PROJECT TITLE: MEMS-based Micro-Gas Chromatography Instrumentation
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Thorleaf Research, Inc. proposes to develop new, very low power MEMS-based gas chromatography (GC) instrumentation for coupling with with miniaturized mass spectrometers (MS) such as the miniature quadrupole MS arrays, miniature rotating field MS instruments, and micromachined Bessel Box energy analyzers, currently under development at NASA/JPL. The combination of fast MEMS-based GC separations technology with miniature MS detectors offers the potential of highly robust GC/MS micro-instruments for important spaceflight applications. These include instrumentation for unmanned planetary missions, safety monitoring of human exposure to airborne contaminants in space stations or future Mars habitats, and process monitoring for the extraction of planetary resources. The goal of the proposed SBIR Phase I effort is to analyze GC requirements for coupling to miniature MS technology for specific chemical measurement applications of interest to NASA, and to develop a detailed MEMS-based design for fabricating prototype instrumentation in Phase II.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Analysis of commercial instrumentation markets shows that two of the three major growth areas for analytical instrumentation are real-time analysis and environmental monitoring, with projected annual growth rates of more than 15%. There is a significant technology gap for low power sensors that can be miniaturized for field use while retaining the analytical capability of larger laboratory instruments. The proposed SBIR effort to develop new MEMS-based GC instrumentation suitable for coupling withminiature mass spectrometer technology addresses this need in an innovative way, and thus technical developments in the proposed program could have a significant market impact.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Paul M. Holland
Thorleaf Research, Inc.
5552 Cathedral Oaks Road
Santa Barbara , CA 93111-1406
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Thorleaf Research, Inc.
5552 Cathedral Oaks Road
Santa Barbara , CA 93111-1406
PROJECT TITLE: MEMS-Based Mass Flow Meters for Low Flow Applications
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
To reduce risk, future NASA missions will concentrate on using lower-cost spacecraft and will use more of them. Compared with current designs, such spacecraft will be less expensive, smaller, lighter, and easier to manufacture. The use of such spacecraft will diversify risk, and will almost certainly assure scientists of obtaining useful data. Much engineering work must be done to build such smaller spacecraft, as many systems and parts need to be redesigned to be smaller and lighter. One very important subsystem that needs to be developed is a miniature ion engine. Currently, the exact low-flow characteristics through an ion engine system are unknown. Therefore, we propose to fabricate a small, robust, accurate, highly reliable mass flow meter using MEMS-based pressure, temperature, and shear stress sensors. The combination of this flow information will give the user a great deal of latitude in dealing with whatever flow conditions exist, either in the ion engine, or in other generic low-flow applications. In fact, the development of this technology could lead to the development of ultra small mass flow meters or mass flow controllers for use by commercial entities ranging from semiconductor equipment manufacturers to automotive companies.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
United Micromachines has determined that there exists a great commercial need for MEMS based flow sensors. There exists a definite need for mass flow meters and mass flow controllers capable of operating in the low-flow regime. · Semiconductor processing equipment often requires very precise control of low flows of gases. As one example, Tylan has expressed interest in a MEMS-based mass flow controller. · Modern automotive engines require feedback of gas flow information in order to run more efficiently and emit less exhaust. Key components in such systems are precise, robust, low cost mass flow meters and controllers. · Schlumberger, the world's second largest oil field services company, has expressed a very serious interest in buying low flow mass flow controllers capable of being used in harsh environments.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Thomas Tsao
United Micromachines
4978 Santa Anita Ave #203
Temple City , CA 91780
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
United Micromachines
4978 Santa Anita Ave. #203
Temple City , CA 91780
PROJECT TITLE: Fast, Compact Isotope Ratio Sensor
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
NASA seeks to develop advanced sensors for new and improved measurements of molecular composition of planetary atmospheres. These in-flight sensors must not place heavy demand on system resources such as power, weight, volume, and cost, particularly in the future solar system exploration missions. Mars is an important target of NASA exobiology research for understanding the origin and evolution of life. The research needs include the analysis of Martian atmosphere for the isotopic abundance of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphor, sulfur, carbon dioxide, and methane. Gemfire Corporation proposes to develop a compact, solid-state, room-temperature, 4.3-micron tunable integrated optical sensor for isotopic ratio measurement of CO2 over a wide range of background pressure and temperature. The sensor will employ a miniature three-stage channel waveguide frequency mixer pumped by two monolithic diode lasers. In Phase I, we will prove the feasibility of our approach by building a laboratory instrument with output power and tuning range sufficient for isotope ratio measurement with 1% accuracy. In Phase II, a 0.1% measurement accuracy will be achieved in a deliverable, optimized, compact, battery-powered sensor prototype built with commercial off-the-shelf components.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Compact instruments based on the Phase II prototype will become effective in high-volume, cost-sensitive commercial applications such as emissions monitoring in mining and drilling; air quality control in large buildings, hospitals, and aircraft; traffic, agricultural, and landfill emissions monitoring; and combustion diagnostics in aircraft propulsion systems.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Konstantin Petrov
Gemfire Corporation
2471 E. Bayshore Road
Palo Alto , CA 94303
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Gemfire Corporation
2471 E. Bayshore Road, Suite 600
Palo Alto , CA 94303
PROJECT TITLE: Precision Nano-Satellite Propulsion
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
A miniature, self-contained, high performance electric propulsion system is proposed for Phase I proof-of-concept development. A unique pulsed thruster is described which is configured to operate on a highly integrated power source. Total thruster system mass, including all propellant and the power source, is only 50 g. Projected specific impulse levels are 500 - 1000 sec. at a continuous operation power requirement of 1.0 Watt. Applications include increasing the mission usefulness and cost effectiveness of future NASA nano-satellites with mass levels of 10 kg or less. The proposed thruster system concept offers NASA a high performance, economical, bolt-on, self-contained, non-intrusive propulsion capability for nano-satellites.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Availability of a stand alone, low cost, easily integrated, high performance miniature propulsion system will significantly enhance the mission capabilities and the cost effectiveness of commercial nano-satellites.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Graeme Aston
Electric Propulsion Laboratory, Inc.
1040 Synthes Ave.
Monument , CO 80132
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Electric Propulsion Laboratory, Inc.
1040 Synthes Ave.
Monument , CO 80132
PROJECT TITLE: X-Band Communications System for Nanospacecraft
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The proposal for Phase I funding will perform preliminary design and development of a X-Band, power efficient, low operating voltage, radio telemetry transponder. Availability of this type of equipment is primarily required in very small Earth orbiting satellites. Such transponders transmit and receive commands and data to and from Earth, or in certain situations from or between other satellites. Development of a transponder such as this is considered innovative due to the lack of any known commercial source for space qualified telemetry equipment that can fulfill this need with the attributes required for very small Earth orbiting satellites. These include a high scale of integration, a very low mass and volume, a high level of power efficiency, and the ability to operate from low voltage supplies of 3 to 7 VDC.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The development of a miniature, highly power efficient telemetry transponder will contribute to a new generation of nanospacecraft. Presently, RF communications for these very small satellites present a huge stumbling block, due to their physical size, power requirements, cost, and long lead time for available hardware. Small transponders and component transmitters and receivers for this class of satellite should not have to be a large-scale development issue. The opportunity to develop a generic RF transponder and component transmitters and receivers is a unique commercial opportunity for a small, growing company focused on making this class of spacecraft a success. In addition, AeroAstro will make subsequent RF component sales to other builders of micro/nanosatellites. A small number of transponders manufactured per year will drive purchase prices down by a factor of ten. Through the aid of a Phase I for development and a subsequent Phase II for the manufacture of prototype quantities, AeroAstro will be able to open up these small niche markets for telemetry transponders and RF components, as well as aid our own Bitsy program offering spacecraft development, components, and design assistance for micro/nanosatellite development within the community.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Ray Zenick
AeroAstro LLC
520 Huntmar Park Dr
Herndon , VA 22070
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
AeroAstro, LLC
145 Tremont Street, Suite 404
Boston , MA 02111
PROJECT TITLE: Heat Switch for Microspacecraft Thermal Control
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project investigates a lightweight heat switch concept suitable for thermal control of microspacecraft and rovers. Novel materials and design are used for order-of-magnitude miniaturization compared with conventional thermomechanical and gas-gap heat switches. The concept switch can operate passively at a preset temperature, or it can be actively operated using only milliwatts of power. Higher power versions offer lightweight low-cost options for applications where louvers and variable-conductance heat pipes are used. Phase 1 will fabricate and test heat switch elements and demonstrate the function of a complete heat switch suited for application to a Mars rover instrument or battery. Performance data will be obtained for the heat load transmitted in the on and off states. Preliminary cycling tests will be performed to assess stability. The scaling of the design to higher and to lower thermal power will be drafted. Phase 2 would further develop the switch for use in microsatellites and other spacecraft.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed switch would have important applications in the thermal control of batteries and instruments for planetary orbiters, landers, and rovers. Applications also exist for communication and reconnaissance satellites where transient loads are encountered. A possible spin-off of this technology is compact, low-power thermomechanical actuators that could have broad industrial applications.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Victor A. Ashford
Energy Science Laboratories, Inc.
6888 Nancy Ridge Drive
San Diego , CA 92121-2232
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Energy Science Laboratories, Inc.
6888 Nancy Ridge Drive
San Diego , CA 92121-2232
PROJECT TITLE: Composite Ion Thruster
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project investigates a structural materials concept with which the weight of ion thruster bodies and grids can be reduced over 75% compared with current hardware. The concept is based on novel fibrous core materials for use in insulating sandwich construction. The methods and materials may be scaled equally to 10-mm microthrusters as well as 1000-mm cargo vehicle thrusters. Phase 1 effort will fabricate and test ion thruster component, including body, grid stack, propellant line, magnet rings and cathode assembly. Coatings for sputter resistance and radiation cooling will be investigated. Electrical breakdown characteristics of the core materials will be measured and high field-strength configurations will be identified. Phase 2 would futher develop the materials and design to fabricate and test an ion thruster suited for microsatellite attitude control.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Lightweight ion thrusters should find immediate application in New Millenium missions as well as in commercial satellite applications. Low-cost composite grid assemblies have application in commercial ion sources widely used in materials processing. Generic aerospace applications exist for lightweight structural materials, such as electronics enclosures, antennas, and panels for radiators, radar and photovoltaic arrays.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Y. Robert Yamaki
Energy Science Laboratories, Inc.
6888 Nancy Ridge Drive
San Diego , CA 92121-2232
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Energy Science Laboratories, Inc.
6888 Nancy Ridge Drive
San Diego , CA 92121-2232
PROJECT TITLE: Reinforcement Learning Approaches for Automated Intelligence Gathering
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Future autonomous systems must learn optimal behavior by interacting with imperfectly-known environments. For space exploration, one definition of optimal behavior is gathering a maximum amount of information with minimal cost and risk. Such complex and multiple-objective optimization problems cannot be solved easily using traditional techniques, especially when the stochastic natures of the environment, resources, and external interactive entities are taken into account. Reinforcement learning (RL) controllers are ideally suited to such problems, but most RL approaches degrade when the system state and action spaces are continuous and high-dimensional. Recent research has demonstrated that residual methods can preclude many of these problems. The proposed work will investigate and refine residual reinforcement learning techniques suitable for high-dimensional systems with many complex subsystem interactions and characterized by an aggregation of continuous, discrete, logical-element, and binary states. The work shall demonstrate, via simulation, residual reinforcement learning executives that gather information in unknown environments. The authors will demonstrate that improved performance can be obtained using structure-learning nonparametric models to store the continuous-time policies learned by the RL controller. The resulting methods will be directly applicable to numerous military and commercial-sector systems, including reconnaissance, data mining, and simulation-based optimization.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
In addition to space exploration, the RL algorithms can yield improved routing and sensor-allocation strategies for single or multiple coordinated unmanned vehicles. In the commercial sector, approaches that seek to maximize information gathered with minimal cost can be applied to challenging tasks that range from data mining to autonomous Internet agents. Additionally, when coupled with high-fidelity simulations, the proposed RL-based agents can be used to help designers achieve complex system objectives that cannot be achieved readily with traditional optimization methods.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
David G. Ward
Barron Associates, Inc.
1160 Pepsi Place, Suite 300
Charlottesville , VA 22901
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Barron Associates, Inc.
1160 Pepsi Place, Suite 300
Charlottesville , VA 22901-0807
PROJECT TITLE: Agent-based Hierarchical Task Network Planning and Resource Managemnt
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This document proposes the development of Agent-Based Planning, a new approach to planning for autonomous control systems that addresses fundamental limitations of classical AI techniques. The current state of the art in autonomous planning technology cannot be used in applications where the control system must react to change in the world within minutes or seconds. We propose a component based architecture that supports planning and re-planning concurrently with plan execution. These systems quickly find solutions to planning problems, and then improve these solutions as time allows. This planning architecture provides a foundation for incorporating application-specific planning modules and competencies, which in turn supports integration of capabilities into more and more complex systems. Specifically, we propose to develop a prototype planning and control system for routine satellite operations, which has the potential to save tens of millions of dollars annually in maintenance costs. To the extent feasible, our approach will be generic, isolating fundamental issues in resource management that must be addressed in order to make this technology viable. If successful, this approach to planning will significantly enhance our ability to engineer and build robust and reliable automatic planning systems in a wide variety of application domains.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The immediate commercial potential of this research will be to greatly reduce the cost of routine satellite operations and maintenance. This technology also has the potential to increase system utilization, especially in response to unanticipated events. This technology also has commercial potential in a broad spectrum of indirect applications that Intelligent Automation, Inc. is involved in, including factory automation, distribution route planning, and transportation logistics.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Robert Kohout
Intelligent Automation, Inc.
2 Research Place, Suite 202
Rockville , MD 20850
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Intelligent Automation, Inc.
2 Research Place, Suite 202
Rockville , MD 20850
PROJECT TITLE: A Learning Algorithm for Multi-Ship Flight Path Management
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
We propose to develop and demonstrate an innovative system for multi-ship flight path management of multiple Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles (UCAV) based on a learning neural network guidance algorithm known as an Adaptive Critic. This system will automate such processes as formation flying and coordinated attack so that a substantial workload is removed from an operator. The operator will simply specify the final formation and an automatic guidance system will specify flight paths for each aircraft. A robust outer-loop control system on board each aircraft can then generate controls which will execute the commanded maneuvers.Automating multi-ship flight path management is improtant because several UCAV must be coordinated by a single operator. He cannot pilot more than one aircraft effectively by himself. Therefore, a substantial amount of automation must be performed. Each aircraft must fly itself. The operator must be freed to operate all the aircraft as a single unit. With our system, instead of deciding how each aircraft must be moved to get the group into a desired formation, he will select some variation on a pre-specified maneuver and the flight control systems of the aircraft will execute it.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Our product has applications to multi-ship flight path management of multiple Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles. Potential non-military applications include cooperating robots, automated ship maneuvers, coordinated satellite maneuvers, and automated air traffic control.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Chadwick J. Cox
Accurate Automation Corporation
7001 Shallowford Rd.
Chattanooga , TN 37421
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Accurate Automation Corporation
7001 Shallowford Road
Chattanooga , TN 37421
PROJECT TITLE: A Suite of Visualization Tools for Distributed Autonomous Systems
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This is a proposal to build a suite of visualization tools fordebugging and validating distributed autonomous systems. These tools will let the developer debug distributed, running autonomous systems as they interact with the real world. The cumbersome process of monitoring and displaying system data, modifying this data in real time and collecting the data for future analysis has often rested on application-specific code written by developers as they debug their autonomous systems. Traditional software debugging tools are not designed for distributed autonomous systems as these traditional tools often involve setting breakpoints or stopping a program while it is running, which is not possible with programs interacting autonomously with the real world. Our tools will allow for real-time data collection analysis and display, and will be tailored for distributed autonomous systems. These tools will greatly increase the efficiency of autonomous system designers and increase the reliability and safety of deployed autonomous systems. In developing these tools, Metrica Inc. will be working closely with consultant Reid Simmons of Carnegie Mellon University. Dr. Simmons' experience with autonomous systems and interprocess communication and Metrica's experience in fielding space systems for NASA JSC create an ideal team to complete this project successfully.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The increasing prevalence of automated systems, both robotic and other computer-controlled, makes it vital to provide effective tools for the development, debugging, testing, and verification of these systems. The suite of visualization tools produced by this project will be an important part of the complete autonomous control architecture being developed by Metrica Inc. Also, our data visualization tools will be generic and widely applicable. Thus, these tools will be a powerful addition to any autonomous system developer's toolkit.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
David Kortenkamp
Metrica Inc.
1012 Hercules
Houston , TX 77058
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Metrica Inc.
10010 San Pedro, Suite 400
San Antonio , TX 78216-3856
PROJECT TITLE: Text Analyst: An Easily Customizable Information Extraction System
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Reading text-based communications and documents comprises a substantial portion of the daily activity of knowledge workers such as operations personnel, engineers, managers, and other NASA staff. A growing percentage of these text documents are available in electronic formats. This situation, coupled with recent advances in computational linguistics, presents an opportunity for major productivity enhancements for NASA knowledge workers by providing software tools which can automatically extract information from text, enabling the user to analyze, evaluate, and respond to the information more quickly. We propose to build just such a tool, called Text Analyst, which will be designed to minimize the user-time required to train and customize the crucial information extraction subsystem. The system will employ a semi-automated approach to building a semantic lexicon of domain-relevant words and phrases through user seeding and feedback. The key innovation of Text Analyst is a new method of automatically creating information extraction templates. The method minimizes the user-time required to train the information extraction system by eliminating the need to annotate or classify a training corpus of texts. Thus, Text Analyst will be readily applied as a cognitive prosthetic and provide major cognitive assistance as addressed by Topic 24.02.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The benefits to NASA and the commercial potential of Text Analyst are enormous, because Text Analyst is a major productivity booster for knowledge workers in general, regardless of their industry or discipline. Text Analyst extends the number of texts within the user's information reach and saves time in reading while still harvesting all the information needed. This applies to high technology industries, insurance (review of applications and claims), healthcare, financial services (Big 6 consulting firms), legal services, business intelligence gathering, and all levels of government (review of applications and reports), to name only a few. A conservative estimate is that three percent of the PC's sold each year in the United States would represent a potential buyer of Text Analyst. The market can be increased even further by either of two strategies, described in Section 10, both of which Naftware intends to pursue. With those strategies, the market for Text Analyst could soar to 5, 10, even 25 percent of the PC market. Such numbers are plausible given the fact that many millions of people regularly use web search engines.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Milton E. Palmer III
Naftware, Incorporated
1830 Edgewood Road
Baltimore , MD 21234
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Naftware, Incorporated
1830 Edgewood Road
Baltimore , MD 21234
PROJECT TITLE: COGENT: Cognitive Agent to Amplify Human Perception and Cognition
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
We propose to develop a cognitive agent, COGENT, to amplify human perceptual and cognitive abilities in complex high-value operational environments such as manned space systems. The robust and adaptive architecture we propose for COGENT is based on Rasmussen's integrated theory of human information processing, and will support decision-making at multiple-levels of abstraction and complexity. The decision-aiding process ranges from simple perceptual enhancement of situation features to support perceptual-processing, through situation assessment and alert generation to support enhanced situation awareness, to situation-specific response recommendation to support complex decision-making. Derived decision aids can then be presented in a format that is easily understood and that matches the user's own mental model of the situation, thus requiring minimal amounts of translation and cognitive processing for assimilation. Robust performance is assured through the use of complementary AI techniques such as fuzzy logic, probabilistic belief nets, and rule-based argumentation. Adaptive assistance is provided by learning patterns in past operational data which predict significant events, and also by learning preferred user task and display profiles. We propose to develop COGENT using COTS software, demonstrate its use onboard for anomaly detection using spacecraft telemetry data, and illustrate how it supports alert generation and decision-aiding.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Commercial applications of the generic COGENT architecture and methodology exist for a wide variety of contexts characterized by high-information flow rates, decision-making under uncertainty, and distributed "players." Such application areas include operation centers for complex process control (e.g., nuclear power plants), financial services, and rail and air traffic management centers. Vertical applications for these markets would significantly enhance decision-aiding and improve effectiveness and safety in a number of life-critical applications.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Subrata K. Das
Charles River Analytics Inc.
One Alewife Center
Cambridge , MA 02140
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Charles River Analytics Inc.
One Alewife Center
Cambridge , MA 02140
PROJECT TITLE: Autonomous Agent Based Mixed-Initiative Planning, Monitoring, and Re-planning System
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Planning is one of the most important activities in any domain, whether NASA mission planning, defense force deployment, logistics, mission-critical applications, or business enterprises. New and innovative planning techniques have significantly improved state-of-the-art planning. However, planners in complex, real world application domains are still required to perform a significant portion of the activities involved in validating plans, monitoring plan execution, detecting deviations and re-planning. Significantly missing is an integrated framework to assist planners throughout the complete planning life cycle. That is, an integrated framework would assist guiding users in deriving quality, workable plans taking into account all known constraints and knowledge of the environment. This project proposes to develop an agent-based, mixed-initiative planning system supporting the complete life cycle of planning -- from conceptual design, to detailed design, execution, monitoring, deviation assessment, re-planning and re-execution. The proposed planning system will assist the user by detecting problems and suggesting solutions regarding validity of plans developed, status of execution, and re-planning. This effort will result in order of magnitude improvements in plan generation, execution, deviation assessment, and re-planning technologies. The resulting planning system will be customizable and hence applicable across multiple application domains resulting in faster, less costly, and more reliable enterprise-wide planning and execution.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed planning system will be very useful in any domain performing planning. It will especially benefit plan execution, monitoring, and re-planning.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Madhav Erraguntla
Knowledge Based Systems, Inc.
1408 University Drive East
College Station , TX 77840
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Knowledge Based Systems, Inc.
1408 University Drive East
College Station , TX 77840
PROJECT TITLE: Agent Mediated Collaboration on the Web
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
We propose to develop a new class of Web-based groupware that supports a much broader range of collaborative activities than previously possible. The new capabilities that we envision will support scientific inquiry and planning by enabling whole teams to participate in coordinated information discovery and evaluation. Our WebMediator system will leverage the existing work in computer supported collaborative work (CSCW) to provide for virtual meeting activities such as brain storming, planning, and decision making. In addition, we will draw on our experience with machine learning and human-computer interaction techniques in order to provide for effective collaborative Web browsing. Collaborative Web browsing will greatly facilitate group problem solving by qualitatively altering the ability of groups to quickly and more thoroughly uncover information on which decisions will be based. As an added benefit, the diverse stimulus available on the Web combined with the collaborative nature of the search will provide for more creative problem solving. By playing the role of bookkeeper and moderator, WebMediator will allow groups of users to more fully apply their cognitive abilities to the problems at hand. We will prove the feasibility of our approach by developing and demonstrating a proof-of-concept prototype in Phase I.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The techniques developed for NASA in the course of this project will be equally applicable to the multitudes of distributed teams of researchers, designers, planners, and managers that exist in today's networked work environments. Additionally, the WebMediator collaborative browsing architecture will be applicable to Web tutoring services.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Tamitha Carpenter
Stottler Henke Associates, Inc.
1660 S. Amphlett Blvd. Ste. 350
San Mateo , CA 94402
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Stottler Henke Associates, Inc.
1660 S. Amphlett Blvd. Suite 350
San Mateo , CA 94402
PROJECT TITLE: Content Addressable Image Database Architecture
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This proposal suggests development of an architecture for building content addressable distributed image databases (containing test, graphics, images, and digitized video). This architecture would create a means of describing and accessing entries from NASA?s databases which is more flexible and effective than currently available. Our proposed system is innovative in the flexibility and extensibility allowed for image queries - including three dimensional shape, color, and texture. Since substantial computation must be done to match image contents, much of the responsibility for the process must be delegated to the image archival engine (or actually engines, because balancing data stored with computational elements is very important in this application). In Cybernet?s Phase I effort we will prototype a single node of the search engine and associated browser. For the Phase II effort we will develop the full prototype product for NASA.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Potential industrial/commercial applications include indexing medical and dental images, commercial imagery on the World Wide Web, and commercial archives. This technology could also be used for screening security video.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Charles Jacobus, Ph.D.
Cybernet Systems Corporation
727 Airport Boulevard
Ann Arbor , MI 48108
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Cybernet Systems Corporation
727 Airport Boulevard
Ann Arbor , MI 48108
PROJECT TITLE: A New Fuzzy Clustering Method for ESE Sensor Data
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
All NASA Enterprises possesses large, complex databases. Those of the Earth Science Enterprise (ESE) consist primarily of satellite images. To analyze and use these voluminous amounts of data, NASA needs new database management methods that are efficient, real-time, and accurate. In response to this challenge, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes an innovative image and data classification method, based on Hybrid Monte Carlo-Metropolis sampling and Fuzzy logic-based Classification (HMCFC). The HMCFC will initially cluster the data by using a fuzzy c-means algorithm. Next, the hybrid Monte Carlo-Metropolis algorithm will decide whether or not to accept the current classification. This algorithm will be ideally suited for detecting and classifying events. In addition to the use of the HMCFC for data classification, POC will introduce Gibbs sampling techniques to detect historical anomalies and trends. With this combination of HMCFC and Gibbs sampling, the proposed system will efficiently detect, classify, and analyze any trends present in the data. In the Phase I project, POC will use historical data and develop algorithms to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
This technology will be useful for constructing thematic surveillance maps; surveying agricultural activity, and analyzing climactic trends. In addition, accurate segmentation and classification of medical images can also be provided.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Achothan Nair
Physical Optics Corporation, Applied Technology Division
2545 W. 237th Street, Suite B
Torrance , CA 90505
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Physical Optics Corporation, EP Division
20600 Gramercy Place, Building 100
Torrance , CA 90501-1821
PROJECT TITLE: Computer Aided Data Analysis System
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The number airborne and space-based imagery sources is increasing, with expanding bandwidth of spectral information. Deriving thematic information from this data requires an intuitive understanding of relationships between image measures and interpretation measures. The Computer Assisted Data Analysis System (CADAS) proposed here employs innovative intelligence imagery interfaces to solve the data interpretation dilemma. We designate four categories for classification of image analysis tools: image enhancement, feature selection and extraction, image segmentation, and geature recognition. The project's goal is to provide image interpreters teh extra information needed to strengthen the advantages of current viewing methods while decreasing the probability of misinterpretation. A prototype software interface that includes DAO databases, OpenGL graphics interface, and which is DCOM compliant will be the frame of application. Research results will be validated through Thematic Mapper 30 meter 7 bands data and ATLAS 10 meter 13 band data of urban and non-urban environments of the Salt Lake Valley.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The association between TechniScan and the Center for Remote Senssing and Cartography (CRSC) will allow to combine TechniScan's goal of being at the forefront of imaging technology, and CRSC's goal of providing services to cities for analysis of urban environment. This software analysis package will complement TechniScan's involvement in medical, ultrasound and sonar underwater imaging, ground penetrating radar. Several marketing strategies will be followed simultaneously: (1) a partnership with an existing data analysis company, (2) a providing of services for large volume data analysis, using the tools initiated during this proposal in house, (3) a contract with a company developing satellites and remote sensors, to include a hardware pre-processing version of the algorithms initiated in this proposal, (4) Partnerships with other communities, such as ultrasound companies, to include software and hardware versions of the current algorithms onto the next generation imaging scanners.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Thierry J. Guillerm
TechniScan, Inc.
2455 Saint Mary's Drive
Salt Lake City , UT 84108
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
TechniScan, Inc.
825 North, 300 West, Suite 102
Salt Lake City , UT 84103
PROJECT TITLE: Reconfigurable Clustering of High-Dimension and Large-Sample Data Sets
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This SBIR project seeks to build on the success of Ultimode Systems'data-mining tool ACPro, automatic clustering/segmentation software. ACPro generates well-defined, interpretable, probabilistic models of data for segmentation purposes. This project would (1) install high-dimensional and large-sample capability into ACPro, (2) allow incremental updating of ACPro models, and (3) provide a reconfigurable capability into ACPro to allow tuning to its computational platform. We claim these three capabilities are the minimum set of requirements to ready a probabilistic modeling tool such as ACPro for deployment in NASA data-understanding applications. The combined capabilities would allow ACPro to be applied in constrained environments such as on-board satellites where power and data transmission are at a premium. The reconfigurable front-end would allow custom tuning of ACPro to parallel processes used in commercial data mining, networks of workstations for internet mining, and the space-hardened processor arrays planned for NASA deep-space missions. Finally, the incremental capability would allow ACPro to operate in a data ``monitoring'' mode. This project would develop these capabilities to beta-test stage, and concurrently develop demonstrations of the tool on high-profile, commercial and NASA databases accompanied with complementary interpretative tools to aid the knowledge discovery process.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
High-dimensional, large-sample and incremental capabilities have thefollowing commercial applications: (1) for use as a consulting tool for our high-end clients, (2) for licensing to database and data-mining software houses, (3) for expansion into new markets where large samples and high-dimension are the norm. Ultimode's current growing client list includes mining companies with datasets from satellites and aircraft-borne instruments, and telecommunications companies with large customer databases. While these existing clients could be better served with these new tools, ability to handle increased size would greatly facilitate our expansion into other markets such as internet-related modeling, marketing, manufacturing, banking and finance. Moreover, through our growing partnership with a leading data-mining tools provider, and through future partnerships with database vendors the reconfiguration capability would allow distribution of high-performance code across a range of commercial platforms. Many database companies are still early on in their commercial expansion into the data mining area. With the success of our research, we would have a unique combination of interpretative clustering, large-sample, high-dimension clustering and parallel processing, and thus be competitively placed.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Wray Buntine
Ultimode Systems LLC
2560 Bancroft Way #213
Berkeley , CA 94704
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Ultimode Systems LLC
2560 Bancroft Way #213
Berkeley , CA 94704
PROJECT TITLE: ROBOTIC MM-WAVE COLLISION AVOIDANCE AND IMAGING SENSORS
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The objective of this project is to develop a new class of mm-wave collision avoidance and imaging sensors for robotic systems. The basis of these sensors is an integrated phased array antenna with ferrite control. The traveling-wave integrated phased array antenna has a low profile design and a simple beam control by changing the ferrite magnetization and frequency. For collision avoidance and imaging purposes, a sensor with a linear phased array antenna is proposed with beam scanning in one plane, and a sensor with a two plane beam scanning antenna to give additional angle resolution in the vertical plane. The working frequency will be ~80 GHz, the angle resolution 2.5°, and the distance resolution ~15 cm. The electrically scanning angle will be ~ 30° with a time period of 100 mks which will drastically decrease the time of 360° scanning. The proposed design of the mm-wave robotic sensors is very simple, inexpensive and will improve the safety and reliability of robotic systems.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Sensing capabilities are a key technology for the success of robotic application. The result of the proposed project will have large potential use for military and commercial applications. The main fields of applications are: collision avoidance for outdoor mobile robotic vehicles; high space resolution maps; and high precision navigation for mobile robotic vehicles.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
DR. GEORGE A. YUFIT
BELTRAN, INC.
1133 E. 35TH ST.
BROOKLYN , NY 11210
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
BELTRAN, INC.
1133 E. 35TH STREET
BROOKLYN , NY 11210
PROJECT TITLE: MOSAD and Stream Vision for a Telerobotic, Flying camera system.
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Amain Electronics Company has developed a cost effective digital readout and digital display technology for cameras. The technique offers low noise, great sensitivity, wide dynamic range, low power consumption, and small size. NASA requires a small telerobotic flying camera for ISS inspection by the crew. Amain's new camera technology offers less power and smaller size for both the imager and the display than previous technologies. Using the most popular analog to digital conversion technique in use today, Sigma Delta, Amain is the first company to consider its use for digital camera systems.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Besides offering smaller size, and less weight, Amain's camera system is cost effective. This award aims at designing a telerobotic flyimg camera that also could be a cornerstone design for a video conferencing system. The technology could result in an affordable system using existing phone lines for transmission with new compression algorithms developed at Amain. The application is large. The need exists. The limits today are bandwidth and cost. This development should overcome these barriers and provide the first competitive video conferencing system on the market.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
William Mandl
Amain Electronics Corporation
1875 Angus Avenue, Unit C
Simi Valley , CA 93063
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Amain Electronics Co, Inc.
1875 Angus Ave, Unit C
Simi Valley , CA 93063
PROJECT TITLE: Distributed Operations and Automated Planning of Cooperative Robotic Systems
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This research will develop techniques in the areas of scheduling, planning and security that will enable distributed operations of multiple cooperative robots. The primary innovations of this work are the significant extension of the goal-driven control algorithms and plan-merging techniques for automatic generation of efficient, coherent, and robust plans for cooperative robots. The automated planner will also schedule the tasks so that the generated plans are guaranteed to meet the timing, resource, and safety constraints imposed by the coordination of multiple robots. Controlling cooperative robots has become important because many industrial applications, such as containers transshipment tasks in harbors and airports, require the team effort of multiple robots to support and complement each other. At the same time, the proposed techniques have direct NASA application for planetary rover missions which require the cooperation of multiple robotic systems, such as 1) mobile rover and its lander base, 2) mobile rover and its communication orbiter, and 3) multiple mobile rovers.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Cooperative multi-robots are necessary for tasks that require a team effort in which team members support and complement each other. The resulting technologies will provide automated scheduling and planning capabilities for controlling such cooperative robots. Potential commercial applications include material handling, remote mining, firefighting, and waste cleanup. All these applications can benefit from multiple cooperative robots. The resulting technologies will also be useful to military applications for controlling multiple unmanned aerial or ground vehicles.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Kam S. Tso
IA Tech, Inc.
10501 Kinnard Avenue
Los Angeles , CA 90024-6017
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
IA Tech, Inc.
10501 Kinnard Avenue
Los Angeles , CA 90024-6017
PROJECT TITLE: Compact Optical Correlator System for Spaceborne Applications
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Boulder Nonlinear Systems proposes to implement a compact, rugged Optical Correlator System (OCS) for use in space, military and industrial applications. For spaceborne applications, there are two primary goals. One is to develop space qualifiable packaging techniques for the spatial light modulators (SLMs). The other is to develop low power, high density integrated modules for the system electronics since system volume is primarily driven by these components. During Phase I a spaceborne OCS using 512 x 512 multi-level SLMs will be designed to provide navigational data of the platform relative to a mother ship. Initial design and trade studies for developing compact, low power drivers will be performed. Environmental data will be gathered on the current SLM and analyzed for necessary package changes. During Phase II the Phase I system design will be implemented to produce a space qualifiable OCS.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
BNS has designed and constructed compact optical correlation systems (OCSs) for military and industrial customers with excellent results. BNS has made a business commitment to provide the most technically advanced optics, electronics and software available. The next logical step in this process is to miniaturize and ruggedize the optics and electronics for spaceborne and industrial applications. The compact, rugged optical correlator systems resulting from a successful Phase I and II program will have commercial applications in industries such as agriculture, mining, manufacturing and inspection. High-speed OCSs can relieve humans from repetitive inspection tasks such as sorting fruit and scanning x-rays, as well as replacing them in hazardous environments and space missions.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Kipp Bauchert
Boulder Nonlinear Systems, Inc.
1898 South Flatiron Court
Boulder , CO 80301
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Boulder Nonlinear Systems, Inc.
1898 South Flatiron Court
Boulder , CO 80301
PROJECT TITLE: A Submersible Remotely Operated Vehicle System for Exploration of Large Subglacial Bodies of Water
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The motivation to explore Jupiter's moon Europa is to search for life in its ocean thought to be found beneath 10 to 100 km of ice. In developing missions to Europa, it is recognized that a test bed for technology development will be necessary here on earth. A large subglacial lake, such as Lake Vostok at the Russian station at Vostok in Antarctica, would serve this purpose. Exploration of Lake Vostok also would be of great scientific interest because it has been isolated from the earth's ecosystem by its ice cover for 10 to 30 million years. This project is to develop and test concepts for an underwater vehicle, or "Hydrobot", for in situ exploration of Lake Vostok, and its interface with a melting probe that delivers the vehicle to its underwater site, the "Cryobot", keeping in mind that this vehicle system should also serve as a prototype for the Europa underwater probe. Key objectives for the vehicle are to minimize risk of contamination, to collect and analyze samples from the ice/water interface, the bottom sediment, and the water itself, and to return video images and sample data to the surface for further analysis.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The development of a compact instrumented submersible robotic system that can be inserted into areas of difficult access and with built-in redundancy to function reliably in hostile environments has wide commercial application for internal inspections of fluid-filled tanks (drinking water towers, underground reservoirs, fuel containers, ship ballast tanks, nuclear reactor vessels, etc.), pipe and tunnel networks, and underground caverns such as those used to store crude oil and natural gas. Polar research and speleology can be safely conducted where access may be too restricted or too hazardous for divers.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Philip J. Ballou
Deep Ocean Engineering, Inc.
1431 Doolittle Drive
San Leandro , CA 94577-2225
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Deep Ocean Engineering, Inc.
1431 Doolittle Drive
San Leandro , CA 94577-2225
PROJECT TITLE: Control Software for High Performance Bilateral Telerobots
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The design and implementation of telerobotic systems (such as spaced-based robots operated from the ground) with improved tactile and force feedback requires the development of new control system design concepts. Two key issues are the required stability margins and response characteristics of force-reflecting systems with time delay. Creare has previously shown that impedance-based control systems in combination with a passive communication link for telerobots guarantees stability in the presence of large, unstructured time delays. The innovation we propose is telerobot control system software that combines impedance-based telerobot control (for stability) with impedance shaping to achieve high performance telerobot control with guaranteed stability. This innovation will help compensate for large time delays without the need for move and wait strategies. The feasibility of the proposed concept will be established during Phase I by demonstrating the use of the proposed controls system architecture using two haptic displays. During Phase II, a full-scale, force-reflecting, telerobot control system will be designed, implemented, and tested.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed control software will have immediate application for space-based robots controlled from the ground. In addition, it will enable telerobotic systems that can be used in macro- and microscopic manipulation. Examples include: vascular microsurgery, manipulation of individual cells, the interrogation of atomic surfaces, and the inspection and repair of micro-mechanical or electrical devices.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Robert J. Kline-Schoder
Creare Incorporated
P.O. Box 71, Etna Road
Hanover , NH 03755-0071
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Creare Incorporated
P.O. Box 71, Etna Road
Hanover , NH 03755-0071
PROJECT TITLE: Using Natural Features to Track the Human Body in 3D
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This is a proposal to develop a stereo vision based machine for full-body tracking of naturally clad humans in real-world environments. The proposed innovation will use naturally occurring visual texture (greyscale intensity variations) to simultaneously track all of the major segments of the human body in real-time. The foundation for this approach is the Proximity Space (PS) method, developed by Metrica researchers. The PS provides a means for efficiently packaging and controlling organized sets of correlation-based stereo and motion measurements in order to segment and track objects in 3d. For the purpose of tracking humans, the proposed system will use a kinematic model to constrain multiple PSs distributed among the primary segments of the body. Commercially available systems for tracking human pose are complex and expensive, requiring the user to encumber himself with numerous sensors, and/or sensing aids. Our approach avoids the constraints and expense imposed by artificial targets by capitalizing instead on the rich visual texture already available in the greyscale image of a human wearing ordinary street clothes. We expect that the robustness, ease of use, and low cost of this system will be met with much enthusiasm by developers and users of virtual reality and control environments.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The ultimate objective of this project is to produce a practical machine for accurate, real-time tracking of human pose (head, torso, and limbs). As envisioned, the proposed system would be portable and free-standing; a couple of binocular camera heads mounted on tripods wired to a Personal Computer. The market for human pose tracking systems, often referred to as "motion capture systems", is lucrative and rapidly expanding. Despite the current high costs of these systems, they are being used extensively by organizations involved in Virtual Reality, Tele-Operation, Biomechanics, Movie and Cartoon animation, and Robotics. Based on feedback from people who have used and tested more cumbersome and expensive technologies, we anticipate that this product will have a distinct competitive advantage.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Eric Huber
Metrica Inc.
1012 Hercules
Houston , TX 77058
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Metrica Inc.
10010 San Pedro, Suite 400
San Antonio , TX 78216-3856
PROJECT TITLE: Large-Area Transmission-Line Resonant Optical Cavity Photodiodes
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Spire proposes to make resonant optical cavity (ROC) photodiodes shaped in the form of a transmission line with an upper transparent conductor plate, incorporating the photodiode junction capacitance as part of the transmission line, lowering this limit to the photodiode speed. The goal is to achieve a very high-speed (~32GHz), large-area detector (>1 sq. mm). Currently, high speed photodiodes are restricted to very small areas (~50 micron diameters) to limit their capacitance and RC time constant. Photodiode speed is then limited by photogenerated carrier transit time through the diode space-charge region (SCR). Photodiodes with resonant optical cavities (ROCs) address this limitation. Their short SCRs have faster transit times while the ROC allows several light passes through the SCR, maintaining good quantum efficiency even with short SCRs. Unfortunately, the shorter SCR also means ROC photodiodes have higher capacitance than photodiodes with long SCRs. The proposed transmission- line ROC photodiodes (T-ROCs) should overcome this RC limitation, since the distributed photodiode capacitance and transmission line inductance balance each other, resulting in only a transit-time limit on the photodiode speed.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed large-area high-speed T-ROC photodiodes are a unique product that can greatly aid optical communication system robustness and lower cost by reducing the required optical coupling precision to a high-speed photodiode. Such photodiodes now have diameters of ~50 microns, where as the proposed T-ROC photodiodes could have diameters of >1 mm while maintaining a high speed.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Steven J. Wojtczuk, Ph.D.
Spire Corporation
One Patriots Park
Bedford , MA 01730-2396
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Spire Corporation
One Patriots Park
Bedford , MA 01730-2396
PROJECT TITLE: MMIC for Ka-Band Analog Linear Phase Modulator for Deep Space Probe Transponders
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Transponders in small spacecraft must operate in multiples of frequency bands, both in microwave and millimeter wave frequencies. Deep space probes have relied on X-band transponders in the past, but the new generation of spacecraft will require additional capabilities to operate in Ka-band frequencies at 32 GHz. For modulation of the Ka-band carrier, an analog linear phase modulator is required, but it is not available today in MMIC form. Hittite Microwave Corporation has developed a MMIC chip for a linear phase modulator operating in X-band, and proposes to extend the MMIC design to Ka-band frequencies. The proposed approach, however, depends on a radically different circuit topology and advanced MMIC process. The selected circuit approach depends more on amplitude control properties of GaAs devices than capacitance variations, as the ratio of capacitance variations is limited. The most effective semiconductor process proposed for this application is a 0.25-micron p-HEMT process. Preliminary analysis of phase modulators attainable by proposed circuit topologies and process is presented. The design baseline will be established in Phase 1, to be followed by chip fabrication and demonstration in Phase 2.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The phase modulator itself will have limited commercial applications. The circuit techniques developed for its implementation, however, will be applicable to phase shifters, switches, and other control circuits operating in Ka-band frequencies. Such devices and integrated chips will be useful in phased array antennae in commercial systems for beam forming and steering.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
John Chiesa
Hittite Microwave Corporation
21 Cabot Road
Woburn , MA 01801
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Hittite Microwave Corporation
21 Cabot Road
Woburn , MA 01801
PROJECT TITLE: Optical CDMA On-Board Satellite Signal Processing for Ultra High Data Rate Communications
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This Project describes the concept and associated R&D required to develop an on-board satellite crossconnect system capable of simultaneously switching 16 uplink ports to 16 downlink ports, at 18 Gb/s per port, for next generation Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) or Gigabit Satellite Network (GSN) types of systems. The proposed crossconnect system is based on high data rate optical code division multiple access (optical CDMA) techniques. Because of the simultaneous communication supported by the CDMA scheme, the on-board satellite bisection bandwidth is 16x18 Gb/s (or 288-times, i.e., >100-fold, the current ACTS switching or routing capacity). The optical CDMA implementation is based on integrating (1) a mode-locked (18 GHz), 1550 nm laser diode array developed by the NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) applications with (2) WDM/CDMA optical CDMA techniques developed by Mendez R&D Associates. While the proposed concept is primarily intended for on-board satellite signal processing, the optical CDMA transceivers and encoders/decoders can also be used for satellite optical cross-links by incorporating suitable optical amplifiers and pointing/tracking subsystems. For radiation-hard environments, the concept can be translated to 1300 nm fiber optic and laser transceiver technologies.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The optical CDMA product developed on this Project is applicable to (1) LEO, MEO, and GEO communication satellite cross-connects as well as LEO cross-links; (2) cross-connecting and cross-linking advanced space missions based on clusters of microsatellites such as the AF TechSat21; and (3) commercial enterprise networking for distributed computing and cluster computing applications.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Antonio J. Mendez
Mendez R&D Associates
P.O. Box 2756
El Segundo , CA 90245
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Mendez R&D Associates
P.O. Box 2756
El Segundo , CA 90245
PROJECT TITLE: Long Life Cathode for Space Communications
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The cathode remains the main performance and life limiting component in almost all free electron devices ? from cathode ray tubes to traveling wave tubes. But nowhere are these limitations more onerous or costly than in the area of space communications. The problem is largely due to inherent deficiencies in the osmium-coated "M" dispenser cathodes used today. Consequently, a number of new cathodes have been proposed. Most promising of these is the reservoir cathode concept. Studies project an operational life for this cathode in excess of 20 years at high emission levels (>2 A/cm2). But reservoir cathodes built to date have a variety of deficiencies of their own ? lack of compactness, high cost, high power dissipation and mechanical complexity. We propose a novel reservoir cathode structure that reduces size, power, and cost to that of the best dispenser cathode designs available to date, without sacrificing life or performance. The prototype will be 0.078" diameter, consume less than two watts, and lend itself to automated assembly. The project will include development plus prototype construction. At least one test device will be constructed containing two reservoir cathodes and two "M" control cathodes. PHASE II will aim at optimization and development of production capability.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Nearly every vacuum electron device using a thermionic cathode would gain commercial advantage from this invention. Also, it will allow vacuum electron devices to recapture lost market share from solid state devices in some instances, due to dramatic improvement in life. In addition to commercial satellites, this cathode could to be used in microwave power modules. Also, high resolution cathode ray tubes and projection tubes could beneficially use it to increase longevity, luminance, and resolution.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Bernard K Vancil
FDE Incorporated
21070 SW Tile Flat Road
Beaverton , OR 97007-8739
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
FDE Incorporated
21070 SW Tile Flat Road
Beaverton , OR 97007-8739
PROJECT TITLE: Electrically Tunable Microwave Materials Based on Novel Superlattices
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The purpose of the proposed research is to show that significant improvements in the performance of electrically tunable microwave devices can be obtained using a novel type of superlattice structures. The approach is based on recent work at Neocera showing that tunability can occur in superlattices consisting of materials which themselves are non-tunable or only weakly tunable and can be chosen from a class of materials with much lower microwave losses than tunable ferroelectrics.The proposed research will evaluate a large number of superlattices using a novel microwave characterization technique, and tunable filters based on an existing device design will be fabricated and tested using the most promising superlattices. Electrically tunable microwave devices offer considerable savings in weight, size, and ease of use over conventional, mechanical alternatives. Such devices based on novel superlattice materials will afford significant improvement in performance over previous electrically tunable microwave filters based on ferroelectrics and will therefore be of great importance in earth satellite rf communications.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Neocera Inc. is positioning itself as an important player in the area of tunable microwave filters. The proposed research will give Neocera an invaluable advantage over competing technologies. Currently, Neocera is negotiating sales of microwave components to a Government customer, and it is anticipated that tunable filters will find widespread acceptance within the next 3-5 years. The main markets will be the areas of wireless (PCS and PCN) telecommunications and satellite communications.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Hans-Martin Christen
Neocera, Inc.
10000 Virginia Manor Rd. Suite 300
Beltsville , MD 20705-4215
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Neocera, Inc.
10000 Virginia Manor Rd. Suite 300
Beltsville , MD 20705-4215
PROJECT TITLE: Universal Modulator for Very High Speed Wireless Digital Communications Data
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
This proposal offers an innovative integration of IBM?s high-speed mixed-mode (analog and digital) Silicon-Germanium (SiGe) process with patented SiCOM technology to yield a key component of a universal high-rate (over 622 Mbps) low-power modulator ASIC chip-set. The "DAX" ASIC integrates multiple high-speed digital-to-analog converters, multiplexing circuitry, and phase-lock clocking into a single SiGe component, which will then be integrated with a low-power CMOS universal encoder/waveform-generator currently under development by SiCOM. The resulting chip-set generates baseband quadrature analog signal components of waveforms for an almost limitless set of error-correction coding and modulation combinations. This flexible chip-set provides the basis for a subsequent universal modulator multi-chip-module (MCM) product which will support NASA data links and mission requirements with a low cost, low complexity readily radiation-hardened modulator capability. During Phase I, feasibility of the proposed approach will be assessed through detailed computer simulations and interaction between SiCOM engineers and IBM?s semiconductor foundry. Preliminary ASIC and circuit card assembly designs will be developed, radiation tolerance will be investigated, and a report prepared. During Phase II the SiGe ASIC and modulator circuit card assembly will be developed and fabricated, and end-to-end data link tests performed using SiCOM?s BitFLOW II demodulator circuit card assembly.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Increasingly, institutions and individuals are utilizing wireless broadband connections for Internet access, computer networking, aggregation and trunking of voice lines, and telecommuting. Specific markets for products developed under the proposed program include: SONET/SDH networks-ring closure, ring interconnect, last-mile appendage interconnect protection via alternate radio path, radio-to-the-curb for traditional and broadband residential access networks, wireless connectivity for corporate/campus networks, service provider connectivity between a point of presence and customer?s equipment, digitized video distribution, including HDTV, outbound and back-haul links for point-multipoint systems, such as LMDS, cellular networks, communication satellite and pseudolite (UAV) systems, satellite and airborne environmental and imaging systems, and satellite cross-links.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Bruce Cochran
SiCOM, Inc.
7585 E. Redfield Road
Scottsdale , AZ 85260
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
SiCOM, Inc.
7585 E. Redfield Road
Scottsdale , AZ 85260
PROJECT TITLE: Mobil Communication and Information System to Support Emergency Management
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Abnormal weather patterns have caused an increase in fatal natural disasters. To save lives, a nationwide personal warning system for communities is urgently needed. Detection technology in the last 10 years, but a distribution system which can deliver the timely disaster warning information to the right people, at the right time, within a community is not available. The basic goals are: - To warn more people of impending disasters such as weather. - Economical use of existing satellites and pager/cellular technologies. - To increase warning time prior to impending disasters. The proposed project will be aimed at integrating and demonstrating innovative ideas in distribution and use of remote sensing data and information technologies which hold promise for emergency management and search & rescue missions through integration of web technology, the latest paging technologies, satellite communication, GIS (Geographical Information System), and state-of-the-art microelectronics.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The efforts will result a family of special pagers and mobile units with the capability to receive weather, routing and disaster information from NOAA, NASA and FEMA. These mobile units are equipped with wireless communication, embedded Internet applications, and GPS capability. The commercial potential is significant. According to NOAA, Home Shopping Network sold 65,000 low-level weather radio in 2 hours due to the recent unpredictable weather and lives lost as a result. Because the foreseeable commercial value, AirTouch, a leading paging company, has agreed to provide free air time for testing of the system and wants to commercialize the result. The weather capability and GPS capability in handheld units such as pagers will also have significant commercial value in commercial fishing, boating, hiking, trucking, traveling/touring, weather in cockpit, etc.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Steven C. Chen
Aeptec Microsystems, Inc.
15800 Crabbs Branch Way, Suite 300
Rockville , MD 20855
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Aeptec Microsystems, Inc.
15800 Crabbs Branch Way, Suite 300
Rockville , MD 20855
PROJECT TITLE: Concatenated Turbo Product Codes for High Performance Satellite and Terrestrial Communications Systems
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Efficient Channel Coding (ECC), Inc. will evaluate the performance and feasibility of implementing a class of powerful and innovative combined forward error correction (FEC) technique called Concatenated Turbo Product Codes (C-TPCs). C-TPCs are a significant enhancement to ECC?s previously developed TPC technology. C-TPCs allow for performance closer to the Shannon limit at lower code rates and can also achieve excellent coding gains with relatively small block sizes. C-TPCs are unique as compared to other concatenated codes in that they are built from linear block codes rich in algebraic structure resulting in simplified interleaver designs. The inherent flexible nature of C-TPCs offer a variety of code rates and coding gains that emphasize low complexity to enable low-cost and high-speed implementations. Moreover, the flexibility when combined with the iterative decoding make C-TPCs useful in links with variable SNRs caused by effects such as rain fade, multipath interference, or other time varying links. The block oriented nature of C-TPCs also makes them ideally suited for next generation, packet based communications systems. Constituent TPC ASIC and software devices currently under development by ECC will greatly accelerate the implementation of C-TPC systems.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
A flexible C-TPC system is applicable to a large number of digital communications systems that plan to use bandwidth and power efficient modulation techniques. For example, ECC is targeting TPC insertion into the next generation Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) and other future satellite communications systems as well as emerging terrestrial systems. These terrestrial systems include Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), Digital Radio, Digital Television, Local Multipoint Distribution Systems (LMDS), and Digital Subscriber Links (xDSL).
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. William Thesling III
Efficient Channel Coding, Inc.
33900 Curtis Blvd. Suite 200
Eastlake , OH 44095
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Efficient Channel Coding, Inc.
33900 Curtis Blvd. Suite 200
Eastlake , OH 44095
PROJECT TITLE: Advanced Lightweighting of Glass Structures with Abrasive-Waterjets
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
A new technique to fabricate ultra-lightweight glass mirrors using high-velocity abrasive-waterjets (AWJs) is proposed for the milling of pockets in glass blanks. In a previous NASA Phase I SBIR program, it was successfully demonstrated that the AWJ milling process could be used for the lightweighting of glass materials. The AWJ milling process is basically a stenciling process?an AWJ is rastered across a masked workpiece (where the mask contains the lightweighting pattern), and the unmasked areas are milled to precisely controlled depths. This program will focus on improving the material removal rates, developing techniques to reduce wall taper, developing three-dimensional methods to mill plano-concave mirror blanks, and simplifying the masking strategy. Several demonstration parts will be produced, an economic analysis will be conducted, and the process will be compared with other lightweighting methods. Both Zerodur and ULE glass will be used in this study. The demonstration part requirements will be obtained from NASA, Eastman Kodak, and Composite Optics, and the milled demonstration parts will be inspected by Kodak and Composite Optics.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
This project will result in a new low-cost and high-speed technique for lightweighting mirrors. Economical and technical benefits will be gained over existing methods. Small- to large-scale mirrors can be lightweighted for government and commercial needs. This milling process is well suited for mass production, where multiple mirror programs, such as Teledesic, can benefit. The milling process can be applied to a wide variety of materials such as beryllium, silicon carbide, ceramics, and composites. Outside the optics community, this process can be applied to the electronics, aerospace, automotive, and aircraft industries where the lightweighting of difficult-to-machine materials is used.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Pete Miles
Waterjet Technology, Inc.
21414 68th Avenue South
Kent , WA 98032
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Waterjet Technology, Inc.
21414 68th Avenue South
Kent , WA 98032
PROJECT TITLE: Grindable and Polishable Enhanced Epoxy for CFRP Composite Mirror Surfaces
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Infinite Materials & Products, Inc., (IMP) believes that continuous fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite mirrors can be ground and polished in the same manner as glass mirrors. By using IMP's specially formulated optical epoxy modified with a very active filler material, the grinding and polishing of an epoxy mirror face would be successful. To date, no one else has been able to produce visual optical quality CFRP composite mirrors by grinding and polishing the optical surface. NASA has an ongoing requirement for ultra-lightweight mirrors. In addition, a requirement exists for ultra-smooth replicated mirrors in the 2-3 RMS range that are rigid and lightweight. IMP's epoxy resin has been specifically designed and formulated to fabricate visual optical quality CFRP composite mirrors and carbon foam mirrors, eliminating the past problems with aerospace and commercial epoxies. Filler materials and techniques have proven to be vital to IMP's epoxy resin formulations. IMP's technology will enable NASA to meet the goals of the "faster, better, cheaper" mandate for ultra-lightweight composite mirrors and the systems and spacecraft they are part of.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
IMP's specially formulated optical epoxy modified with a very active filler material will be used by IMP to fabricate a wide variety of visual optical mirrors, from the very small to the very large. IMP's mirror technology will be ideal for mirrors for ultra-lightweight telescopes of large aperture size and complete CFRP composite telescopes for amateur astronomy to complete directly with Celestron, Meade, and other manufacturers of conventional telescopes, for the Next Generation Space Telescope, for the deep space optical interferometer array to search for extrasolar planets, for new generation KH-11 optical reconnaissance satellites with ultra large mirrors for the NRO and the USAF, for a proposed ten kilometer wide optical interferometer array on the far side of the moon, and for flight simulators.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
William L. Johnson
Infinite Materials & Products, Inc.
4835 N. Valley Park
Tucson , AZ 85705
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Infinite Materials & Products, Inc.
4835 N. Valley Park
Tucson , AZ 85705
PROJECT TITLE: Field Switchable Infrared Reflective Polarizer
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The objective of this SBIR research program is to develop the first electric field switchable, broadband near-infrared reflective circular polarizer. Based on cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs), this unprecedented technology is in the form of a low cost thin film that has engineerable spectral bandwidth and center wavelength in the near-infrared. The proposed Phase I work will explore the feasibility of electrically switchable polarizers by first studying the chemical and physical mechanisms responsible for the switchable broadband effect. This knowledge will be used in two ways: designing near-infrared switchable polarizers, and providing insight into selecting the minimal chemical content necessary to achieve the desired properties, thereby facilitating substantial material and manufacturing cost reduction. In addition to the potential commercial products, these results will facilitate the commercialization of many new and existing low cost, CLC-based products. Furthermore, the scientific understanding obtained will be of tremendous benefit to liquid crystal polymer physics and chemistry. The Phase II portion of the program will focus on polarizer size up-scaling and environmental stability testing and optimization, in addition to continuing the underlying fundamental research and cost reduction analysis.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The principal result of this program will be the first of its kind - a near-infrared switchable polarizer. The results will have applicability to providing NASA with rugged, low cost control elements that are polarizing, filtering, and/or reflective in the near-infrared. These devices have applications in space-based optical experiments and in fiber optic control devices. In addition, this technology can be used to build a switchable, ?smart? energy conservation window to pass or block solar near-infrared radiation while not attenuating the visible spectrum.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Le Li
Reveo, Inc.
8 Skyline Dr.
Hawthorne , NY 10532
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Reveo, Inc.
8 Skyline Dr.
Hawthorne , NY 10532
PROJECT TITLE: Minianture, Rugged, Low Cost Surface Roughness Instrument
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Current surface roughness instruments can cost from $60k to $100k and above and, for the most part, are not only rather large and bulky, but some require special provisions even in a laboratory setting. The focus of this program will be to develop an instrument that retains the accuracy of these large, expensive, mostly laboratory instruments at one tenth of the cost (the $5k-$8k range is targeted) in a rugged, miniature package. The concept system consists of a measurement head and a display/readout. It is envisioned that the two will be connected by an umbilical consisting of a single mode fiber optic and a data link. The measurement head is anticipated to be extremely small: approximately 1.87 inches in diameter by 2 inches tall. The concept for the instrument head is very elegant and simple and consists of an extreme minimum part count in order to reduce the size, while increasing maintainability and reliability. It is anticipated that, through careful design and analysis, the accuracy of the instrument will not be compromised in order to achieve these goals.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The optical manufacturing industry (electroforming and diamond turning in particular), the ball-bearing industry, and the auto-paint industry would be considered as potential users of this technology. Several other potential industries have extremely good potential: semiconductors, computer disks, flat panel displays, rolling of paper, metal and film, and the manufacture of high gloss components. The projected size and cost of the instrument will introduce the instrument into markets never before thought possible.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
John Harchanko
AZ Technology, Inc.
4901 corporate Drive, Suite 101
Huntsville , AL 35805
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
AZ Technology, Inc.
4901 Corporate Drive, Suite 101
Huntsville , AL 35805
PROJECT TITLE: High Power Diffraction Limited Tapered Laser Amplifiers Operating at 830, 935, and 1.572 nm
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Quantum Photonics will design and implement broadened waveguide semiconductor laser amplifiers with small linewidth enhancement factors, will AR coat the laser facets, will use a low thermal impedance die attach technique to mount these laser amplifiers to ensure high reliability operation and will life test these devices. Operation at 830, 935, and 1572 nm will be demonstrated. These tapered laser amplifiers will produce several watts of power in a diffraction limited output.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
High power semiconductor optical amplifiers will find both military and commercial applications. These include communication system applications such as satellite crosslinks and line-of-sight terrestrial links as well as remote sensing applications such laser radar, laser range finding/altimetry, lidar spectroscopy and laser illumination. High power amplifiers are particularly attractive for spectroscopic applications for use in master-oscillator-power-amplifier (MOPA) configurations where high-power narrow linewidth sources are required. For many applications, operation in the eye-safe 1.55 mm wavelength regime is desirable because it enables compatibility with readily available fiber optic telecommunications components. Hence, 1.55 mm high-power diffraction-limited laser diodes sources have many other promising commercial applications including the growing fiber optic sensing and medical markets.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Peter Heim
Quantum Photonics, Inc.
P.O. Box 49
College Park , MD 20741
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Quantum Photonics, Inc.
P.O. Box 49
College Park , MD 20741-0049
PROJECT TITLE: High Repetition Rate, 10-W Average Power Ultraviolet Laser Source
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The continued need to reduce cost and improve performance and efficiency of the existing earth and space science instruments requires innovations in laser devices. One such instrument is a Raman lidar. We propose a UV laser transmitter based on a novel, compact and electrically efficient laser capable of generating a 5 - 10 W near diffraction-limited beam at 349 nm The transmitter will be based on a diode-pumped, Q-switched, high-pulse-repetition -rate Nd:YLF laser and includes intracavity-pumped second and third harmonic generators. Diode-pumping and intracavity conversion will substantially increase the electrical efficiency of the proposed source whereas high-pulse rates and short pulses will provide for reducing the data acquisition time and a good depth resolution. The Phase I effort will demonstrate a laboratory breadboard 2.5-5 W UV transmitter and develop a point design for a higher-efficiency 10-W compact UV-source.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed system technology has immediate application in Raman lidar laser technology, in pollution monitoring and spectroscopic sensors. Additionally, the core laser technology has industrial applications that include material processing in the semiconductor industry.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Yelena Isyanova
Q-Peak, Inc.
135 South Road
Bedford , MA 01730
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Q-Peak, Inc.
135 South Road
Bedford , MA 01730
PROJECT TITLE: Analog Phase-Only Diffractive LC-SLM Based on Photo-Alignment Techniques
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop an analog phase-only diffractive liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM) based on photo-alignment modulation (PAM) of liquid crystal phase. In this device, a high resolution diffractive optic mask pattern is projected onto a thin LC cell with a photo-alignment layer, producing phase modulation of LC regions according to the intensity of light. This approach not only avoids the objectionable effects of regular electrode pattern-alignment; it also reduces spurious diffraction from 10-30 percent to below 5 percent, correspondingly increasing diffractive efficiency. A diffractive LC-SLM based on laser or UV pattern alignment will be fabricated and tested to demonstrate concept feasibility. Producing stable and high quality photo-alignment and analog phase modulation with resolution of less than 10 micrometers and a domain wall less than 100 nanometers will be the core objective of this project. Success of this project will lead directly to high-resolution, high-efficiency phase-only diffractive liquid crystal spatial light modulators.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
An analog phase only SLM device will revolutionize diffractive optics technology for optical image processing and optical communication. Potential commercial applications include optical correlators for security, wavefront correctors for remote imaging, high efficiency tunable diffractive optical components for optical fiber interconnects, high density optical data storage, and holographic optical components.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Sihai Qian, Ph.D.
Physical Optics Corporation, E&P Division
20600 Gramercy Place, Building 100
Torrance , CA 90501-1821
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Physical Optics Corporation, EP Division
20600 Gramercy Place, Building 100
Torrance , CA 90501-1821
PROJECT TITLE: Ultra-compact scan-free spectrometer based on a novel diffractive optics
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
We propose the development of an ultra-compact, light-weight, scan-free and low-cost spectrometer in the visible to near-infrared region based on a novel diffractive optics in conjunction with a one-dimensional solid-state detector array. The dispersive component in the proposed spectrometer is a specially-tailored phase hologram. When the holographic film is coupled to a solid-state detector array in such a way that each pixel in the array responds to a specific wavelength, the result is a full display of spectrum covering a broad spectral range with a resolution of 2 nm. The entire spectrometer can be contained in an integrated-circuit package along with data acquisition electronics to form a stand-alone wrist-watched-sized device. It can also be integrated into another instruments as a sensor for process monitoring. No other spectrometer in the market can competes with its simplicity, compactness, and low cost. During phase I, we will conduct a feasibility study which includes the fabrication and characterization of the phase hologram, operation of a rudimentary spectrometer based on the phase hologram, and investigation of application-related issues. At the end of phase I, we will have the blue print and performance specification of the compact spectrometer to be implemented in Phase II.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The proposed ultra-compact light-weight scan-free spectrometer system is expected to find wide applications in both commercial remote sensing and chemoemetric spectrometry for the detection and analysis of chemical species. The commercially-viable instrument, we envision, is an unique self-contained wrist-watch-sized spectrometer containing the proposed chip-sized spectrometer and data acquisition electronics for detection and identification of chemicals and environmental hazards in the industrial or military environment. For the applications, which only require the measurement of a limited range of wavelength, an application-specific spectrometer sensitive only in this limited range of wavelength can be also constructed. Such simplified sensor device may be deployed at fixed sites or hand-carried as an accessory. The proposed device can also be integrated into another instrument to provide real-time in situ analysis of chemicals for automation in chemical, pharmaceutical, food, and petroleum industries.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Tian-jie Chen, Ph.D.
MicroLasers, Inc.
24 Robin Hill Road
Scarsdale , NY 10583
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
MicroLasers, Inc.
24 Robin Hill Road
Scarsdale , NY 10583
PROJECT TITLE: New Rigorous Design and Optimization Methods in the Vectorial Diffraction Regime for Multi-level Sub-wavelength Diffractive Optics
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
One of the many advantages of diffractive optics over traditional refractive optics is the vastly larger degrees of freedom available in the design and application of optical elements. Advances in manufacturing technology now make it possible to physically realize a far larger range of the new areas of design. However, the design and optimization of diffractive optical elements is generally more complex and computationally intensive than traditional refractive optics, and less developed. Diffractive optics design for the most part is based on scalar or vector diffraction theory. Many advances have been made recently in the scalar regime. For example, we developed a general algorithm based on propagation reciprocity for the rapid design and optimization of kinoform diffractive elements which is well-suited for e-beam lithography fabrication. Diffractive optical elements with sub-wavelength structure require vector diffraction theory. Vectorial regime calculations are more complex and nonintuitive, with most design methods based on the coupled-wave approach. Straightforward application of this approach is not well suited for optimization, since it is impossible to solve the inverse problem. We have developed several new concepts and enhancements for design and optimization in the vectorial regime. For Phase I, we will implement these in simple design applications to demonstrate their feasibility.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Diffractive optics are a technology subset of the electro-optics revolution that forms the high technology foundation of the U.S. economy. The commercial potential of general diffractive optics cannot be overstated. Multi-level sub-wavelength structured diffractive optical elements are at the interface with electro-optics, photonics, and integrated optics. In addition, they are ideally suited for deep space and terrestrial optical communication, optical computing, laser beam shaping, holographic interferometry, complex imaging, imaging at wavelengths not accessible to ordinary refractive optics, optical fiber mode coupling, and so on (just to mention a few). Robust and easy to use design tools are required in order to exploit their huge commercial potential.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Brian Hatfield
AMP Research
420 Bedford St., Ste. 230
Lexington , MA 02173
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Applied Mathematical Physics Research
420 Bedford Street, Ste 230
Lexington , MA 02420
PROJECT TITLE: Low cost fabrication of diffractive optical elements on curved surfaces
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
NASA has expressed a need for innovative fabrication methods for diffractive optical elements (DOE's). Such innovations are needed to fully exploit the inherent possibilities of DOE's to increase performance and to reduce the size, weight, and cost of optical systems. A prevalent limitation of diffractive technology is the inability to fabricate diffractive components on curved surfaces. Digital Optics Corporation is proposing an innovative, low cost approach for fabrication of micro-optical components on curved surfaces. The proposed fabrication method offers the possibility of inexpensive production of micro-optics on non-planar surfaces over large areas for such applications as imaging spectrometers, lens systems, anti-reflection structures on conformal windows, and many others. This Phase I effort will demonstrate the fabrication of micro-optical elements on curved surfaces. Both analytical and experimental work will be performed to verify the objectives of the proposed project.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Research performed under this Phase I effort will provide fundamental support for the inexpensive fabrication of micro-optical structures on curved surfaces. These types of optical components can be used for imaging spectrometer systems, computed tomography, aberration correction, anti-reflection structures on widows for advanced sensors, and a host of other applications.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Dr. Thomas Suleski
Digital Optics Corporation
5900 Northwoods Business Parkway, Suite J
Charlotte , NC 28269
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Digital Optics Corporation
5900 Northwoods Business Pkwy, Suite J
Charlotte , NC 28269
PROJECT TITLE: High throughput thin foil filters with enhanced durability for the x-ray and EUV regions
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Many missions in x-ray astronomy require thin foil filters with enhanced strength and durability that provide high-throughput across the soft x-ray and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrum. In particular, there are needs for soft x-ray filters with significantly higher transmission in the wavelength regions from 40 Å to 170 Å and for EUV filters that provide higher throughput and are more environmentally stable for the region 750 Å to 1034 Å. While filters can be made from materials that show theoretical promise in the soft x-ray region (Zr, Nb, Rh, Pd), they have not been characterized optically. Ytterbium also shows promise as a filter candidate for the longer EUV wavelengths. Enhancements in strength and durability are required, both to reduce susceptibility to oxidation and aging effects, and to make it possible to produce much larger filters. The proposed innovation is a new set of material combinations tailored to meet these goals. During Phase I the feasibility of producing high-throughput filters with improved durability will be demonstrated. The manufacturing techniques can then be developed during Phase II. The benefit to NASA will be the improved mission performance for future astronomy experiments at lower cost.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL) is the leading candidate for producing integrated circuits with feature sizes approaching 0.1 microns. Intel Corporation is funding EUVL development through Sandia and other national laboratories. Luxel is currently supplying test filters to Sandia. One result of the proposed research would be thin foil filter windows optimized for the EUV lithography wavelength of 134 Å. The worldwide demand for production lithography tools could be for 1000 machines per year, of which EUVL filter windows are an essential component.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Craig W. Andrus
Luxel Corporation
515 Tucker Ave. / PO Box 1879
Friday Harbor , WA 98250
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Luxel Corporation
515 Tucker Ave. / PO Box 1879
Friday Harbor , WA 98250
PROJECT TITLE: Optical Cost Modeling Software Tied to System Error Budgets and As-manufactured Performance
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
Optical Research Associates (ORA) intends to refine, extend, and automate Design-to-Cost Algorithms; this will facilitate early selection of design forms and constructional parameters for lower system cost without sacrificing quality. ORA's work in cost-modeling has evolved over thirty years, resulting in high performance, mainly defense related hardware, with known margins that really can save money (over 75% in both cost and weight in some deployable optics cases). We would utilize this information as a base, and modify and extend it in such a way as to develop deliverable, anchored, higher-level algorithms that will allow relatively painless/closely-coupled costs trades to be performed. Special attention would be paid to cost risks, wavelength implications, cryogenic active/adaptive optical systems, materials technology, testing, sensing and control, and new paradigms. Much of the raw data would remain ORA Proprietary, but the results/algorithms and selected anchor points would be provided for Government use. In future Phases we would further automate this process, extend it to deeper levels of system decomposition, and convert these algorithms to tools/module(s) which would eventually become available/leasable through ORA's de facto industry standard Code V® and/or LightTools® Optical/Optomechanical Engineering Software.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
There is a strong need to quantify cost implications early in nearly all optical systems. ORA is heavily involved in commercial work where the market is literally in the billion-dollar range. Here "market" size is meant in an OEM sense, and is dominantly optics based. Values can double when optomechanical hardware is included. Assuming 10% of these systems can benefit to the tune of 10%, the implication is that many millions of dollars could be saved if the methods proposed were readily available.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Mark A. Kahan
Optical Research Associates
1800 West Park Drive
Westborough , MA 01581
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Optical Research Associates
1800 West Park Drive
Westborough , MA 01581
PROJECT TITLE: An XRD/XRF Instrument for Microanalysis of Rocks and Minerals
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
The proposed instrument will assist in the simultaneous chemical and mineralogic analysis of microsamples of soil, rocks and minerals by x-ray fluorescence and x-ray diffraction. The innovations include a compact, low-average power, high-peak power, microfocus x-ray source (tube) that uses a pulsed field emitter cathode (no thermionic emission) to produce a bright, x-ray microspot on the sample and an electronic array detector that records the diffracted x rays and the fluorescent x rays that are back scattered from the sample. The instrument's configuration allows flexibility in sample preparation-large samples as well as microsamples can be used without special preparation.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
Commercial applications include: elemental identification, orienting crystals, examining axis wander in crystals, measuring grain size, measuring phase change in alloys as a function of time, measuring stress, etc.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Arturo Reyes
Moxtek, Inc
452 West 1260 North
Orem , UT 84057
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
Moxtek, Inc.
452 West 1260 North
Orem , UT 84057
PROJECT TITLE: New Analytical Technique for Astrobiology
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
BioTraces has developed a super-sensitive technique called Multi Photon Detection (MPD) which improves the sensitivity of biological assays. The development of MPD enabled methods for sequencing very low amounts of protein material will be the focus of the proposed effort. There is an increasing importance of analysis of rare polypeptides and proteins, say a few thousand copies per ml of fluid. Examples of biological applications include monitoring samples from meteorites and, for future extraplanetary missions, soil samples or wash from exposed equipment can be assessed posteriori for the presence, nature and danger of biological contamination. Alas, even if the detection of a single copy of DNA is already possible using PCR, the previous limit of quantitation of proteins are about a million molecules. Protein microsequencing by Edman degradation requires about 100 fmole of material. The proposed method will permit microsequencing at the 50 attomole level. During Phase I, we will: * develop a proprietary HPLC/MPD method for PTH-amino acid analysis; * develop radiolabeled derivatization reagents compatible with Edman degradation; * improve the sensitivity of the Edman degradation method for protein sequencing; * compare the sensitivity of the MPD enhanced method with classical methods, both Edman degradation and MALDI/TOF based.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
MPD enhanced microsequencing of polypeptides and proteins will have considerable importance in almost all biomedical sciences. A main goal of BioTraces is to develop techniques for differential display of proteins and techniques for microsequencing of very rare proteins. BioTraces proteomics effort will focus on four main activities: discovery of new proteins as therapeutics; discovery of new proteins as drug targets; validation of new protein markers for clinical diagnostics and preventive medicine; and development of protein databases complementary to genomics and functional genomics databases. We expect to gain a leading position in diverse markets, namely: proteomics; elucidation of new drug targets; discovery of novel markers for tumors and invasive disorders; implementation of new cytokines and chemokines for immunoregulation of immunological disorders, e.g. autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, the discovery of especially promising drug targets or tumor markers may permit subsequent entry into therapeutics development activities, either independently or in strategic alliance(s) with large pharmaceutical drug companies. The potential value can be as high as $100 million over next few years.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Andrzej K. Drukier
BioTraces, Inc.
10517-A West Drive
Fairfax , VA 22030
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
BioTraces, Inc.
10517-A West Drive
Fairfax , VA 22030
PROJECT TITLE: Sensitive Fluorescence Genetic Analysis
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT (LIMIT 200 WORDS)
c^2 Biotechnologies, Inc. proposes a new optical method for the analysis of DNA and other nucleic acids which meets NASA's stated goals for understanding the Earth's ecosystems. Phase I targets a basic proof-of-principle. The technology is a flow-through system based on nanostructures, optical physics, surface chemistry, semiconductor fabrication, and traditional molecular biology. The first part of the project will be used to design and build the prototype apparatus and detection system. The second part of the Phase I project will be used to test the physical principles behind the method. The long-term objectives of the proposal is to develop a universal solid-state method of genetic analysis capable of sequencing, expression mapping, and diagnostics.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
The commercial applications of the proposed project include sequencing, polymorphic analyses, evolutionary traces, and genetic diagnostics.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Eugene Chan
c^2 Biotechnologies, Inc.
8 Saint Mary's Street, Suite 922
Boston , MA 02215-2421
NAME AND ADDRESS OF OFFEROR
C^2 Biotechnologies
8 Saint Mary's Street, Suite 922
Boston , MA 02215-2421