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Contents in Brief<P> Contents in Detail 00 Conceptual Physics Photo Album 00 To the Student 00 To the Instructor 00 Acknowledgments 00 1<P> About Science 00 P A R T O N E<P> Mechanics 00<P> Light 00<P> 2<P> Newton's First Law of Motion-Inertia 00 3<P> Linear Motion 00 4<P> Newton's Second Law of Motion 00 5<P> Newton's Third Law of Motion 00 6<P> Momentum 00 7<P> Energy 00 8<P> Rotational Motion 00 9<P> Gravity 00 10<P> Projectile and Satellite Motion 00 P A R T T W O<P> 11<P> The Atomic Nature of Matter 00 12<P> Solids 00 13<P> Liquids 00 14<P> Gases and Plasmas 00 P A R T T H R E E<P> Heat 00<P> 15<P> Temperature, Heat, and Expansion 00 16<P> Heat Transfer 00 17<P> Change of Phase 00 18<P> Thermodynamics 00 P A R T F O U R<P> Sound 00<P> 19<P> Vibrations and Waves 00 20<P> Sound 00 21<P> Musical Sounds 00 P A R T F I V E<P> Electricity and Magnetism 00<P> 22<P> Electrostatics 00 23<P> Electric Current 00 24<P> Magnetism 00 25<P> Electromagnetic Induction 00 P A R T S I X<P> 26<P> Properties of Light 00 27<P> Color 00 28<P> Reßection and Refraction 00 29<P> Light Waves 00 30<P> Light Emission 00 31<P> Light Quanta 00 P A R T S E V E N<P> Atomic and Nuclear Physics 00<P> Properties of Matter 00<P> 32<P> The Atom and the Quantum 00 33<P> The Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity 00 34<P> Nuclear Fission and Fusion 00 P A R T E I G H T<P> Relativity 00<P> 35<P> Special Theory of Relativity 00 36<P> General Theory of Relativity 00 Epilogue 00 Appendix A<P> Systems of Measurement 00 Appendix B<P> More About Motion 00 Appendix C<P> Graphing 00 Appendix D<P> More About Vectors 00 Appendix E<P> Exponential Growth and Doubling Time 00 Glossary 00 Photo Credits 00 Index 00 Contents in Detail<P> Conceptual Physics Photo Album 00<P> To the Student 00<P> To the Instructor 00<P> Acknowledgments 00<P> 1 About Science 00<P> Scientiûc Measurements 00 Size of the Earth 00 Size of the Moon 00 Distance to the Moon 00 Distance to the Sun 00 Size of the Sun 00 Mathematics-The Language of Science 00 Scientiûc Methods 00 The Scientiûc Attitude 00 Pseudoscience [box] 00 Science, Art, and Religion 00 Science and Technology 00 Risk Assessment [box] 00 Physics-The Basic Science 00 In Perspective 00 P A R T O N E<P> Mechanics 00<P> 2 Newton's First Law of Motion-Inertia 00<P> Aristotle on Motion 00 Copernicus and the Moving Earth 00 Galileo and the Leaning Tower 00 Galileo's Inclined Planes 00 Newton's First Law of Motion 00 Net Force 00 The Equilibrium Rule 00 Support Force 00 Equilibrium of Moving Things 00 The Moving Earth 00 3 Linear Motion 00<P> Motion Is Relative 00 Speed 00 Instantaneous Speed 00 Average Speed 00 Velocity 00 Acceleration 00 Acceleration on Galileo's Inclined Planes 00 Free Fall 00 How Fast 00 How Far 00 How Quicky "How Fast" Changes 00 Hang Time [box] 00 4 Newton's Second Law of Motion 00<P> Force Causes Acceleration 00 Friction 00 Mass and Weight 00 Mass Resists Acceleration 00 Newton's Second Law of Motion 00 When Acceleration Is g-Free Fall 00 When Acceleration Is Less Than g-Nonfree Fall 00 5 Newton's Third Law of Motion 00 Forces and Interactions 00 Newton's Third Law of Motion 00 Deûning Your System 00 Action and Reaction on Different Masses 00 Summary of Newton's Three Laws 00 Vectors 00 Force Vectors 00 Velocity Vectors 00 Components of Vectors 00 6 Momentum 00<P> Momentum 00 Impulse 00 Impulse and Momentum 00 Case 1: Increasing Momentum 00 Case 2: Decreasing Momentum over a Long Time 00 Case 3: Decreasing Momentum over a Short Time 00 Bouncing 00 Conservation of Momentum 00 Collisions 00 More Complicated Collisions 00 7 Energy 00<P> Work 00 Power 00 Mechanical Energy 00 Potential Energy 00 Kinetic Energy 00 Work-Energy Theorem 00 Conservation of Energy 00 Machines 00 Efûciency 00 Comparison of Kinetic Energy and Momentum 00 Energy for Life 00 Sources of Energy 00 8 Rotational Motion 00 Circular Motion 00 RR Wheels [box] 00 Rotational Inertia 00 Torque 00 Center of Mass and Center of Gravity 00 Locating the Center of Gravity 00 Stability 00 Centripetal Force 00 Centrifugal Force 00 Centrifugal Force in a Rotating Reference Frame 00 Simulated Gravity 00 Angular Momentum 00 Conservation of Angular Momentum 00 9 Gravity 00<P> The Universal Law of Gravity 00 The Universal Gravitational Constant, G 00 Gravity and Distance: The Inverse-Square Law 00 Weight and Weightlessness 00 Ocean Tides 00 Tides in the Earth and Atmosphere 00 Gravitational Fields 00 The Gravitational Field Inside a Planet 00 Einstein's Theory of Gravitation 00 Black Holes 00 Universal Gravitation 00 10 Satellite Motion 161<P> Projectile Motion 00 Projectiles Launched Horizontally 00 Projectiles Launched at an Angle 00 Fast-Moving Projectiles-Satellites 00 Circular Satellite Orbits 00 Elliptical Orbits 00 Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion 00 Energy Conservation and Satellite Motion 00 Escape Speed 00 P A R T T W O<P> Properties of Matter 00<P> 11 Atomic Nature of Matter 00<P> The Atomic Hypothesis 00 Atom Characteristics 00 Atomic Imagery 00 Atomic Structure 00 The Elements 00 The Periodic Table of Elements 00 Isotopes 00 Compounds, and Mixtures 00 Molecules 00 Antimatter 00 Dark Matter 00 12 Solids 00<P> Muller's Micrograph 00 Crystal Structure 00 Density 00 Elasticity 00 Tension and Compression 00 Arches 00 Scaling 00 13 Liquids 00<P> Pressure 00 Pressure in a Liquid 00 Buoyancy 00 Archimedes' Principle 00 What Makes an Object Sink or Float? 00 Flotation 00 Pascal's Principle 00 Surface Tension 00 Capillarity 00 14 Gases and Plasmas 00<P> The Atmosphere 00 Atmospheric Pressure 00 Barometer 00 Boyle's Law 00 Buoyancy of Air 00 Bernoulli's Principle 00 Applications of Bernoulli's Principle 00 Plasma 00 Plasma in the Everyday World 00 Plasma Power 00 P A R T T H R E E<P> Heat 00<P> 15 Temperature, Heat, and Expansion 00<P> Temperature 00 Heat 00 Quantity of Heat 00 Speciûc Heat 00 Expansion 00 Expansion of Water 00 16 Heat Transfer 00 Conduction 00 Convection 00 Why Warm Air Rises 00 Why Expanding Air Cools 00 Radiation 00 Emission, Absorption, and Reßection of Radiation 00 Cooling at Night by Radiation 00 Newton's Law of Cooling 00 The Greenhouse Effect 00 Solar Power 00 The Thermos Bottle 00 17 Change of Phase 00<P> Evaporation 00 Condensation 00 Condensation in the Atmosphere 00 Fog and Clouds 00 Boiling 00 Geysers 00 Boiling Is a Cooling Process 00 Boiling and Freezing at the Same Time 00 Melting and Freezing 00 Regelation 00 Energy and Changes of Phase 00 18 Thermodynamics 00<P> Absolute Zero 00 Internal Energy 00 First Law of Thermodynamics 00 Adiabatic Processes 00 Meteorology and the First Law 00 Second Law of Thermodynamics 00 Heat Engines 00 Order Tends to Disorder 00 Entropy 00 P A R T F O U R<P> Sound 00<P> 19 Vibrations and Waves 00<P> Vibration of a Pendulum 00 Wave Description 00 Wave Motion 00 Wave Speed 00 Transverse Waves 00 Longitudinal Waves 00 Interference 00 Standing Waves 00 Doppler Effect 00 Bow Waves 00 Shock Waves 00 20 Sound 00<P> Origin of Sound 00 Nature of Sound in Air 00 Media That Transmit Sound 00 Speed of Sound 00 Reßection of Sound 00 Refraction of Sound 00 Energy in Sound Waves 00 Forced Vibrations 00 Natural Frequency 00 Resonance 00 Interference 00 Beats 00 Radio Broadcasts 00 21 Musical Sounds 00<P> Pitch 00 Loudness 00 Quality 00 Musical Instruments 00 Fourier Analysis 00 Compact Discs 00 P A R T F I V E<P> Electricity and Magnetism 00<P> 22 Electrostatics 00<P> Electrical Forces 00 Electric Charges 00 Conservation of Charge 00 Coulomb's Law 00 Conductors and Insulators 00 Semiconductors 00 Superconductors 00 Charging 00 Charging by Contact 00 Charging by Induction 00 Charge Polarization 00 Electric Field 00 Electric Shielding 00 Electric Potential 00 Van de Graaff Generator 00 23 Electric Current 00<P> Flow of Charge 00 Electric Current 00 Voltage Sources 00 Electrical Resistance 00 Ohm's Law 00 Ohm's Law and Electric Shock 00 Direct Current and Alternating Current 00 Converting ac to dc 00 Speed and Source of Electrons in a Circuit 00 Electric Power 00 Box on Fuel Cells 00 Electric Circuits 00 Series Circuits 00 Parallel Circuits 00 Parallel Circuits and Overloading 00 Safety Fuses 00 24 Magnetism 00<P> Magnetic Forces 00 Magnetic Poles 00 Magnetic Fields 00 Magnetic Domains 00 Electric Currents and Magnetic Fields 00 Electromagnets 00 Magnetic Force on Moving Charged Particles 00 Magnetic Force on Current-Carrying Wires 00 Electric Meters 00 Electric Motors 00 Earth's Magnetic Field 00 Biomagnetism 00 25 Electromagnetic Induction 00<P> Electromagnetic Induction 00 Faraday's Law 00 Generators and Alternating Current 00 Power Production 00 Turbogenerator Power 00 MHD Power 00 Transformers 00 Self-Induction 00 Power Transmission 00 Field Induction 00 In Perspective 00 P A R T S I X<P> Light 00<P> 26 Properties of Light 00<P> Electromagnetic Waves 00 Electromagnetic Wave Velocity 00 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 00 Transparent Materials 00 Opaque Materials 00 Shadows 00 Seeing Light-The Eye 00 27 Color 00<P> Selective Reßection 00 Selective Transmission 00 Mixing Colored Light 00 Complementary Colors 00 Mixing Colored Pigments 00 Why the Sky Is Blue 00 Why Sunsets Are Red 00 Why Clouds Are White 00 Why Water Is Greenish Blue 00 28 Reßection and Refraction 00<P> Reßection 00 Principle of Least Time 00 Law of Reßection 00 Plane Mirrors 00 Diffuse Reßection 00 Refraction 00 Mirage 00 Cause of Refraction 00 Dispersion 00 Rainbows 00 Total Internal Reßection 00 Lenses 00 Image Formation by a Lens 00 Lens Defects 00 29 Light Waves 00<P> Huygens' Principles 00 Diffraction 00 Interference 00 Single-Color Thin Film Interference 00 Interference Colors by Reßection from Thin Films 00 Polarization 00 Three-Dimensional Viewing 00 Holography 00 30 Light Emission 00<P> Excitation 00 Emission Spectra 00 Incandescence 00 Absorption Spectra 00 Fluorescence 00 Fluorescent Lamps 00 Phosphorescence 00 Lasers 00 31 Light Quanta 00<P> Birth of the Quantum Theory 00 Quantization and Planck's Constant 00 Photoelectric Effect 00 Wave-Particle Duality 00 Double-Slit Experiment 00 Particles as Waves: Electron Diffraction 00 Uncertainty Principle 00 Complementarity 00 P A R T S E V E N<P> Atomic and Nuclear Physics 00<P> 32 The Atom and the Quantum 00<P> Discovery of the Atomic Nucleus 00 Discovery of the Electron 00 Atomic Spectra: Clues to Atomic Structure 00 Bohr Model of the Atom 00 Relative Sizes of Atoms 00 Explanation of Quantized Energy Levels: Electron Waves 00 Quantum Mechanics 00 Correspondence Principle 00 33 Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity 00<P> X Rays and Radioactivity 00 Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Rays 00 The Nucleus 00 Isotopes 00 Why Atoms Are Radioactive 00 Half-Life 00 Radiation Detectors 00 Transmutation of Elements 00 Natural Transmutation 00 Artiûcial Transmutation 00 Radioactive Isotopes 00 Radiometric Dating 00 Carbon Dating 00 Uranium Dating 00 Effects of Radiation on Humans 00 Radiation Dosage 00 34 Nuclear Fission and Fusion 00 Nuclear Fission 00 Nuclear Fission Reactors 00 Plutonium 00 the Breeder Reactor 00 Fission Power 00 Mass-Energy Equivalence 00 Nuclear Fusion 00 Controlling Fusion 00 Fusion Torch and Recycling [box] 00 P A R T E I G H T<P> Relativity 00<P> 35 Special Theory of Relativity 00<P> Motion Is Relative 00 Michelson-Morley Experiment 00 Postulates of the Special Theory of Relativity 00 Simultaneity 00 Spacetime 00 Time Dilation 00 The Twin Trip 00 Addition of Velocities 00 Space Travel 00 Length Contraction 00 Relativistic Momentum 00 Mass, Energy, and E mc2 00 The Correspondence Principle 00 36 General Theory of Relativity 00<P> Principle of Equivalence 00 Bending of Light by Gravity 00 Gravity and Time: Gravitational Red Shift 00 Gravity and Space: Motion of Mercury 00 Gravity, Space, and a New Geometry 00 Gravitational Waves 00 Newtonian and Einsteinian Gravitation 00 Epilogue 00<P> Appendix A Systems of Measurement 00<P> United States Customary System 00 Syst"me International 00 Meter 00 Kilogram 00 Second 00 Newton 00 Joule 00 Ampere 00 Kelvin 00 Measurements of Area and Volume 00 Area 00 Volume 00 Scientiûc Notation 00 Appendix B More About Motion 00 Computing Velocity and Distance Traveled on an Inclined Plane 00 Computing Distance When Acceleration Is Constant 00 Appendix C Graphing 00<P> Graphs-A Way to Express Quantitative Relationships 00 Cartesian Graphs 00 Slope and Area Under the Curve 00 Graphing with Conceptual Physics 00 Appendix D More About Vectors 00<P> Vectors and Scalars 00 Adding Vectors 00 Finding Components of Vectors 00 Sailboats 00 Appendix E Exponential Growth and Doubling Time 00<P> Glossary 00<P> Photo Credits 00<P> Index 00<P>
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Physics.