Catalogue Query Results

Odonaspis ruthae Kotinsky

NOMENCLATURE:

Odonaspis ruthae Ehrhorn, 1907: 26. Nomen nudum.

Odonaspis graminis; Kotinsky, 1910: 129. Misidentification; discovered by McKenzie, 1956: 165.

Odonaspis ruthae Kotinsky, 1915: 102. Type data: HAWAII: Honolulu, on Bermuda grass; collected July, 1905. Lectotype female, by subsequent designation Ben-Dov, 1988b: 52. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Illust.

Aonidia ruthae; Lindinger, 1932f: 189. Change of combination.

Dycryptaspis ruthae; Lindinger, 1943a: 150. Change of combination.

Odonaspis pseudoruthae Mamet, 1954: 67. Type data: MADAGASCAR: Mananjary, on a climbing Gramineae. Holotype. Type depository: Paris: Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, France. Illust. Synonymy by Ben-Dov, 1988b: 51.

Odonaspis ruthae; Borchsenius, 1966: 225. Revived combination.

COMMON NAMES: Bermuda grass scale [McKenz1956, Dekle1965c, Borchs1966]; couch scale [MillerDa2005]; hard grass scale [MillerDa2005]; Ruth's scale [MillerDa2005].



Foes: COLEOPTERA Nitidulidae: Cybocephalus pullus Enrodi-Younga [BenDov1988b]. HYMENOPTERA Encyrtidae: Adelencyrtus odonaspidis Fullaway [BenDov1988b, Trjapi1989]. THYSANOPTERA Phlaeothripidae: Podothrips semiflavus Hood [BenDov1988b, PalmerMo1990].

Hosts: Arecaceae: Nypa fruticans [WilliaWa1988]. Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia heterophylla [BenDov1988b, WilliaWa1988]. Juncaceae: Juncus [McKenz1956]. Malvaceae: Hibiscus [WilliaWa1988]. Orchidaceae: Cattleya [BenDov1988b]. Poaceae [Mamet1941a, BesheaTiHo1973], Andropogon [BesheaTiHo1973, BenDov1988b], Axonopus compressus [BenDov1988b], Bambusa [BenDov1988b], Brachypodium distachyum [BenDov1988b], Cenchrus pauciflorus [BenDov1988b], Chloris [WilliaBu1987, BenDov1988b, WilliaWa1988], Chloris gayana [BenDov1988b], Cortaderia selloana [BenDov1988b], Cymbopogon citratus [BenDov1988b], Cynodon [Bodenh1937, BesheaTiHo1973], Cynodon dactylon [Hall1925, Bodenh1935, Ferris1938a, Lepage1938, Hosny1939, Ferris1942, Mamet1949, McKenz1956], Cynodon dactylon [Dekle1965c], Cynodon transvaalensis [BenDov1988b], Digitaria milanjiana [BenDov1988b], Digitaria sanguinalis [BenDov1988b], Distichlis [BenDov1988b], Eleusine indica [BenDov1988b, MatileEt2006], Eremochloa ophiuroides [BesheaTiHo1973, BenDov1988b], Festuca [BesheaTiHo1973], Lepturus repens [BenDov1988b], Panicum [BesheaTiHo1973, BenDov1988b, WilliaWa1988], Panicum maximum [BenDov1988b], Panicum viride [Hall1925], Paspalum conjugatum [MatileEt2006], Paspalum distichum [BenDov1988b], Setaria geniculata [BenDov1988b], Sorghum halepense [McKenz1956, BesheaTiHo1973, BenDov1988b], Sorghum vulgare sudanense [McKenz1956], Spartina patens [BesheaTiHo1973, BenDov1988b], Sporobolus [BesheaTiHo1973], Sporobolus indicus [BenDov1988b], Stenotaphrum dimidiatum [Mamet1957], Stenotaphrum secundatum [BenDov1988b].

DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: Ethiopia [BenDov1988b]; Kenya [BenDov1988b]; Madagascar [BenDov1988b]; Mauritius [Mamet1941a, Mamet1943a, Mamet1949, Borchs1966, BenDov1988b]; Reunion [Mamet1957]; South Africa [BenDov1988b]; Tanzania [BenDov1988b]; Zimbabwe [Hall1935a, Green1937, BenDov1988b]. Australasian: Australia [Hall1925, Green1937] (New South Wales [BenDov1988b], Queensland [BenDov1988b], South Australia [BenDov1988b], Western Australia [BenDov1988b]); Christmas Island [BenDov1988b]; Cook Islands [BenDov1988b, WilliaWa1988]; French Polynesia (Society Islands [WilliaWa1988], Tahiti [BenDov1988b, WilliaWa1988]); Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii [Hall1925, Green1937, Ferris1938a, Merril1953, BenDov1988b]); Kiribati [WilliaWa1988] (Gilbert Islands [BenDov1988b]); New Caledonia [Cohic1958]; Papua New Guinea [WilliaWa1988]; Tuvalu [BenDov1988b, WilliaWa1988]; Vanuatu (=New Hebrides) [WilliaBu1987, WilliaWa1988]. Nearctic: Mexico [Merril1953, BenDov1988b]; United States of America (Alabama [Nakaha1982], Arizona [BenDov1988b], Arkansas [Nakaha1982], California [Ferris1938a, McKenz1956, Merril1953, BenDov1988b], Florida [Merril1953, Dekle1965c, BesheaTiHo1973, BenDov1988b], Georgia [TippinBe1972, BesheaTiHo1973, BenDov1988b], Louisiana [Ferris1938a, Merril1953, BenDov1988b], Mississippi [BenDov1988b], North Carolina [BenDov1988b], South Carolina [BenDov1988b], Texas [Ferris1938a, Merril1953, BenDov1988b]). Neotropical: Argentina (Chaco [BenDov1988b]); Bermuda [BenDov1988b]; Bolivia [BenDov1988b]; Brazil (Bahia [BenDov1988b], Distrito Federal (=Brasilia) [Lepage1938], Espirito Santo [CulikMaVe2008]); Chile [GonzalCh1968, BenDov1988b]; Cuba [BenDov1988b]; Guadeloupe [BenDov1988b, MatileEt2006]; Panama [BenDov1988b]; Peru [BenDov1988b]; Puerto Rico & Vieques Island [BenDov1988b]; U.S. Virgin Islands [Nakaha1983, BenDov1988b]. Oriental: India [Hall1925]; Pakistan [BenDov1988b]; Sri Lanka [Green1922, Hall1925, Ferris1938a, Merril1953, BenDov1988b]. Palaearctic: Egypt [Hall1925, Green1937, Hosny1939, Ferris1938a, Merril1953, BenDov1988b]; Israel [Bodenh1937, Green1937, BenDov1988b]; Lebanon [AbdulNMo2006].

BIOLOGY: Occurring beneath the sheathing bases of the leaves and on the rootstocks.

GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Ferris (1938a), McKenzie (1956), Ben-Dov (1988b), Gill (1997) and by Colon-Ferrer & Medina-Gaud (1998).

STRUCTURE: Female scale oyster shaped or mytiliform when fully grown, about 1.75 mm long, 0.75 mm wide; chalk white; exuvia, straw-coloured, at elevated end, partly or entirely covered with white waxy dust which rubs off easily; ventral scale well developed, with dorsal completely enclosing and sealing insects. Male scale same shape, but only about half the size of the female (Kotinsky, 1915). Scale of the female white, broad and elongate, tapering somewhat posteriorly; that of the male white, elongate, and slender (Ferris, 1938a). Colour photograph by Gill (1997).

ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE AND CONTROL: The Bermuda grass scale, is the most polyphagous species among the Odonaspidinae, was reported to damage lawn grasses in Israel (Halperin, 1971; Berlinger & Barak, 1981) and to be a common pest of forage and turf grasses in the Southern United States (Dale and McCoy, 1964; Tippins & Martin, 1982).

KEYS: Gill 1997: 208 (female) [Species of California]; Ben-Dov 1988b: 34 (female) [World]; Ezzat 1988: 247 (female) [Egypt]; Williams & Watson 1988: 198 (female) [Tropical South Pacific]; Beardsley 1966: 525 (female) [Federated States of Micronesia]; Balachowsky 1958b: 299 (female) [Africa]; McKenzie 1956: 37 (female) [U.S.A.: California]; Balachowsky 1953g: 732 (female) [Mediterranean]; Ferris 1942: 65 (female) [North America]; Fullaway 1932: 95-97, 108 (female) [Hawaii].

CITATIONS: AbdulNMo2006 [host, distribution: 517-520]; AbouEl2001 [host, distribution, biological control: 185-195]; Balach1953g [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 743-746]; Balach1958b [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 299]; BeardsDaHo1976 [economic importance: 103]; BenDov1988b [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution, economic importance, biological control: 51-55,67,71,139]; BenDov1990e [host, distribution: 658]; BenDovGe2003 [catalogue: 841-843]; BerlinBa1981 [host, distribution, life history: 62-67]; BesheaTiHo1973 [host, distribution: 15]; Bodenh1935 [host, distribution: 247]; Bodenh1937 [host, distribution: 217]; Borchs1966 [catalogue: 225]; ClapsWoGo2001a [taxonomy, host, distribution: 22]; Cock1985a [biological control: 3]; Cohic1958 [host, distribution: 19]; ColonFMe1998 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 133-134]; CostaCoHa2000 [host, distribution, control]; CostaCoHa2003 [control: 3365]; CostaL1934 [host, distribution: 136]; CulikMaVe2008 [host, distribution: 1-6]; DaleMc1964 [host, distribution, economic importance: 228]; DanzigPe1998 [catalogue : 318]; Dekle1965c [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 100]; Dekle1976 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution, economic importance: 121]; Ehrhor1907 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 26]; Ezzat1958 [taxonomy, distribution: 247]; EzzatNa1987 [distribution: 87]; FDACSB1987 [host, distribution: 4-7]; Ferris1938a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 165]; Ferris1942 [description, host, distribution: 446]; Fullaw1932 [taxonomy: 95,108]; Gill1997 [host, distribution, taxonomy, description, illustration, economic importance: 208,210-211]; GonzalCh1968 [host, distribution: 111]; Green1922 [host, distribution: 463]; Green1937 [host, distribution: 335]; Hall1925 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 15]; Hall1935a [host, distribution: 222]; Halper1971 [host, distribution, chemical control: 141-147]; Hosny1939 [description, host, distribution: 15]; Kotins1910 [taxonomy: 129]; Kotins1915 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 102]; Lepage1938 [catalogue: 412]; Lindin1932f [taxonomy: 189]; Lindin1943a [taxonomy: 150]; Mamet1941a [host, distribution: 40]; Mamet1943a [catalogue: 164]; Mamet1949 [catalogue: 51]; Mamet1954 [taxonomy: 67]; Mamet1957 [host, distribution: 370,377]; Mamet1959a [host, distribution: 385]; MatileEt2006 [host, distribution: 172]; McKenz1956 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 164-165]; Merril1953 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 64]; MerrilCh1923 [host, distribution: 246]; MillerDa1990 [host, distribution, economic importance: 304]; MillerDa2005 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution, economic importance: 306-308]; Nakaha1982 [host, distribution: 63]; Nakaha1983 [host, distribution: 13]; Nur1990b [taxonomy, life history: 196]; PalmerMo1990 [biological control: 67-76]; RiherdCh1952 [host, distribution, economic importance, control: 1-5]; Shetla1994 [host, distribution, economic importance]; TippinBe1968a [host, distribution: 134-136]; TippinBe1972 [host, distribution: 287]; TippinMa1982 [economic importance, life history, host, distribution: 319-321]; Trjapi1989 [biological control: 291]; Varshn2002 [host, distribution: 17]; WilliaBu1987 [host, distribution: 95]; WilliaWa1988 [taxonomy, illustration, host, distribution: 198-201]; Zimmer1948 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 426,428].



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