INDEX

Absenteekm. Xc)

Abstinence duration
atherosclerosis wveritk. I YY-NO
  bladder cancer. I64
cerehrovascular dijea\e. 152-25X
COPD mortalit). MS
cllr4ifying smohinf atu\. 26-27
CHD mortality. 205-2 15. 223
disease development. l2Y
educational attainment. 606-608
laryngeal cancer. 131-132
locus of control. 533
lung cancer diagnosis. 13-l 3 I
lung ciincer risk patterns. I IO- 12.
    122-126
multistage models. 13-l 7X
MI risk. 203-101
overall mortalit\. 7X-N)
relapse. 33-1-t. W-5YX
respiratory symptom\. 303
self-efficacy. 53 I
3mohinf continuum. 606-607
withdrawal symptom\. 529-530
Abstinence
long-term. 5Y5-5YX
pertormxwe. 525-533
Age at cessation. lung c;uicer. 175-l 76


oral i'ancer. Ii 1 - IS2
pancreatic cancer. 155-l SC)
American Cancer Society Cancer
  Prr\ ention Stud! -I. 26. 1XlY.
   75-7X. I IO. 17-k. I `X. 2.50. 30X.
   131. SOS-SO6
American Cax.w Swirl> C;rncer
  Pre\,ention Studyll. 1X. 7X-7Y.
   I IO. 124. 1 `Y. 1.32. I SC). 171.
   `lS.`11.`15 350 `5' 75X,
             _. -- . -- -. -.

   iox. 34s

Anal cancer. 172-l 76
Analytic issues of consequence
   assessment. SS-S7
Anxiety. 5.33-51 I
Aortic aneurym. 2-I I
Arrhythmias. 195
Arteriosclerosis obliterans. 244
A\ses\ing smohing cessation. see
  Chapter 2
.4\thma (4ee also Airway
  respomiveness)
nosology. 27Y-3X0
respiratory symptom\. 36
Atherowlerosis
CHD development. IYl-lY3
severity. IYY-200
.L\ttrihutahle ri4h. pregnancy outcome.
   3Y3-3%

R

Behav ioml consequence\ of ceskon.
  we Chapter I I
Behavioral measures. 15-J I
Bias. 36.18. 53-55
Biochemical marherr. 33-37
Birth&eight
cessation after conception. 383-3X7

ce\Wion before conception.
    382-3X.3
continued smohins. 3X 1-3X2
loIt. attributable rik N-3YS
mohing and cessation. 379-3237
Bladder cancer. 159-l 65
Blood oxygen deliwry. CHD
  development. IYS-lY6
Body fat di\trihution. lYS
Body height. we Chapter IO
Bogw pipeline. 37
Bone 104s. WC Osteoporosis
Bone mineral content. W&UC)
Breast cancer. I69
Breathlessnes\, see Respiratory
  symptoms
British Physicians Study. 7Y. I 10. 118.
  -70s. 30x. 33 I
Bronchitis (see also Rcbpiratory
  infections)
mortality. .?J2-315
nosology. 27Y

Caffeine we. cessation. S23-525
Cancer\. nonrespirutory. see Chapter 5:
  \ee also specific bites
Cancers. respiratory. \ee Chapter 1: see
  alw specific \ite\

Carbon monoxide. M-35
C'rrrdiovawular disease risk. estimated

   cessation effects. I97
Cardiovavzular diseases. see Chapter 6
Carotid artery plaques. 216
Cas+ontrol study design. 39-50
Cerebral blood flow. 216. 25 I
Cerebrovascular disease
abstinence duration. 37-15X


age factors. 3 I
  ca\e-control studie4. 2KP24Y

  cross-\ectional \tudie\. 2-16
de\ elopment. I Y6
  inter\,ention \tudie\. 3 I
oral contraceptives. 75X-260
prospective cohort \tudit'\. 21Y-750
wiohing and cc\wtion. 215-260
vmohing hi\tor\. 3 l-252
wmmarv of ob\ervstional qudiet.

    151

Cervical cancer. 165-l 60

Ceswtion
consequence\ a\\essment. 16-57
proces\ and heha\,ior a\w\vnent.
    `216
rate. \ee Quit ratio
xtaze modsl. 22-2-I
    c
time trend\. pregnanq. 393
timing. bil-thweight. 3X3-386
Chapter conclusions. Y- I1
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
FEVI decline. 33X-333
mortality. 3-l l-338
nosologj,. 27Y-25
patients. 31534X
Cigar smoking
3s cigarette replacement. 555-556
lung cancer. 12-LI25
trend\. 593
Cigarette consumption
bladder cancer. I61
cerebrovascular di\ea\e. 25 I-752
FEVI decline. 329-333
lq ngc;il cancer. I.32
lung cancer. 11-l
MI ri\h. 703

oral cancer. I.5 I - IS2

overall mortality. 7X-M). X6
pancreatic wicer. 15.5
prefnanc! . 3YO-393
LIttight gain. 501-501
Cohort \tud! de\ifn. 1X-4Y
Conclusion\
chapter. YP I1
1 olume. x

Contextual i4w3. biochemical

   ~l\w\\nlt`nt. 17-k
Coping shill\. 513-S4-l
Coronary arty sp;~wl. CHD
  dcwlopment. I OS
Coronar! heart divzrhe (CHD)
cro\5-wclion;il Gudiek 1 YY-200
cc'\\ation. 147-730
development. lYLlY6
niortal~t!. 3JS-2I!4. 227-220
patwnt\. 72%23Y
rich factors. 1Y71YY

Cotinine. 36-37
Cough. see Rrqiratory synptoms
Craving. 573-524
Cro4~+ectional stud!, de\ign. 171X

0

D-fentluramine. weight control.
   soi-so1
Demographic factor\
prqnanc! outcomc~. attributable
    rich. 3Yi-3YS
\mohing and ccs\ation during
   pregnant> 3YOk3Y.J
Deprc\sic,n. 5.73%51 I
Diahetlc\. CHD mortalit!. 22 I-222
Diet. SOO-502
Dietar! ch;mge\. 4X-L-M
I>ict:rr! prxtiLy\. 554-555


Dlt`fuslnp capacity. former wiohcrs.                 F

   327-3'8

Disease developnicnt. Atinence
   duration. 129

DNA adduct lwels. IN- I IO
Duodenal ulcers (see also Peptic ulcers)
healing. 132-133
recurrence. -133-439
Duration of abstinence. see Abstinence

   duration

Dyspnea. see Respiratory symptoms

E

Ecologic study design. 47
Ectopic pregnancy. 375-376
Educational attainment

abstinence duration. 606608
quit ratio. 595
smoking continuum. 5999608
Emphysema
mortality. 342-345
nosology. 179
Endometrial cancer. 169- I71
Energy expenditure. 487l90
Enhancement models, performance.
   52-526
Esophageal cancer. 153-l 55
Estrogen metabolism
osteoporotic fractures. 44334-t
premature menopause. 398
Ethnic factors
abstinence duration, 606608
quit ratio. SO3
smoking and cessation during
   pregnancy. 39 i-393
smoking continuum. 599%608
Ex-smokers. see Former smokers

Fertility
female. 372. 373-37s

male. 304-409
Fetal growth. 373. 379-387: see also
  Birthvveight
Fetal mortality. 376-379
Forced expiratory volume in I second
  (FEVI)
cross-sectional population studies.
    308-3 I6
decline. 328-337.345-347
longitudinal population studies.
    318-337
Fibrinogens. former smokers. I94
Food intake. 484386

Former smokers
absenteeism, 89
anal cancer. 172-l 76
atherosclerosis severity, 199-200
bladder cancer, I64
breast cancer, 169
cerebrovascular disease, 246260
cervical cancer, 166-169
dietary practices, 554-555
diffusing capacity, 327-328
early menopawe risk, 30X-400
endometrial cancer. I69- I72
esophageal cancer, 15% IS5
established COPD. 355-348
fibrinogen levels, I94
health practices. 546-56 I
health screening. 56 l-564
health status. 87-9 I
hepatocellular cancer. 176
HDL-C levels. 192-193
kidney cancer. I72


Ieukemi;l. I76
lung cancer ri& pattern\. I IO- I27
medical care utilization. X7

Ml wr\,i\ 31 200-771
         ` .

oral cancer. 117-l S2

ovarian cancer. I72
over311 mortalit!. 7X-X0
pcnilc c3nccr. 172-l 76
phq\ical xtivit!. SS l-554
population pcrccntafe. CXS
pulmonary function. 30X-337
re\pir;~toq \\mptoni\. 2X.5-305
stomach cancer. I76
Fractures. see O\teoporosi\
Framingham Heart Stud!. X0.
  2 I X-22 I. 30-23s. 250. 25x.
  453,1Y71YX
Frequency issue\. \elf-reports. 27-7X

G

Gastric secretion. smohinp. J2Y430
Gastric ulcer4 (\ee alw Peptic ulcers)
healing. 440
recurrence. 3301-l I
Gastrointestinal physiolog . wioking.
   42Y3.30

Gender factors

abstinence duration. 606-60X
alcohol consumption. 556-S%
bladder cancer. I61
diet. 1X53X6
dietary practices. SSA-555
esophageal cancer. I S2- IS5
MI survi\xl. 237
oral cancer. I17
o\~er3ll mortalit>. X0
pancreatic c3nccr. IS5
physical activit>. 55 l-551

H

Health practlc'e\. tormcr \mohcrs.
   S-K-S6 I
Health rish ch;mgc\,. -4Y7-500
Health \creenlng. former wohers.
   S6l-S6-l

Htxlth \t;rtu\. X7-Y I
Hemorrhagtc \trohc. WC
   Cerehro\ascular diwacc
Hepatocellular cancer. I76
High-densit) lipoprotein chole\terol
  (HDL-CJ Ic\el\. former smokers.
   ICI?-IYi
Hormones. male reproduction. 10 I

I

Imn~unc \steni. respirator\ infection\.

305-30x

ImpotcYlc~. malr. -102-w
Infertilit!

female. 372. 371-375

male. 1OS-4OY

I~lflue~l~;~. we Respirator! infection\
Inhalation practice\. lung cancer. 12-l
IntentIon to cmohe. SXX. 60X-hoc)
Intermittent claudication. 213-714
Intcrpcrwnal intfxiction~. 545-516
Intrr~tsntion trial\. \tudJ dc~i~n. 50-Y I
Inter\ it3 \. 15-29


Ii

Kidnc! cancer. 172

1,

Laryngeal cancer. Ii I - 132
Leukemia. I76
Locus of control. 542-513
Long-term p\ychologicul and
  beha\ ioral consequence\ and
   correlates. 532-546
Lung c;mccr

abstinence duration. I IO-I 31.

a E e at cessation. 125-l 76
airs ay histopatholosy. I OX- I OY
wiohing and cessation. lO7- I3 I
cigar smoker4. I25
cigarette consumption. I24
DNA adduct levels. I OY- I IO
diagnosis. I2Y-I 3 I
inhalation practice\. 12-l
multl\tqe models. 126-l 3X
nonfilter cigarettes. 124 12.5
pathophbsiologic mechanisms ot

  \mokinf. 107-l IO
pipe smohcw I25
\mohincy duration. 122-l 23
     2
smohino hi\tor\ I Z7-1 26
     C     . -

Major conclusions. X
Measures of cessation. 2216
Measures of quitting beha\,ior. 5X4-SXX
Medical care utilization. X7

Clcnopause. premature. 3Y6400
Zletabolic rate. 4X71YO
`Llethodologic i\\ues of consequence
  ;I\\c`sslllcllt. 5 l-57
Mrthodologie\. cexttion a\eswicnt.
  \ec Chapter 3
Mi\clas~ificntion of smoking st;ltu\.
  4Y. 5 I. 52-55

Mood. 533-5-l I
Morbidity (\ee alw Chapter 3: specific

   caLl\es)
peptic ulcers. 13 1332
respiratory. 2X5-30X
Mortality (see alw Chapter 3: specific

   causes)
bronchitis. 331-33.5
COPD. 31 1-315.347-34X
cohort studies. 75-X3
emphysema. 341-335
fetal. neonatal. and perinatal. 371.
    376-37Y
overall. intervention studies. X&X6
peptic ulcers. 332.
weight. 4Y l3YS
Mouth c;mcer. jee Oral cancer
Multiple health habit\. 559-561
Multiple primary cancer\. 176-l 77
Multiple Rish Factor Intervention
  Trial. 34. 2X. SO-S I. 53. X6.
  227-`2X. 333-33s. 4%. 3YX.
   560-56 I. SYS
Multistage models. lung cancer.
   136-11X
Myocardinl infarct (MI) risk
ca\exontrol studies. 200-20-l
cigarette consumption. 203
cohort studie\. 20S-393
                 --
healthy persons. 200-379

624


intervention trials. 223-220
Ml patients, 22Y-23Y
recurrent. 230-73Y

N

National Health and Nutrition
  Esamination Sur\e>,. 21. 30. 4.3 I.
   1s3.sx3-sx1

National Health Interview Sur\e>. 3.
  390-39 I. 537-561.5X3-5x4
National trend5 in smohing ce\\ation.
  we Appendix

Neonatal mortality. 379-3X I
Neoplasms. see Cancer\: we LIIW
  specific sites

Nicotine polacrilek gum
weight control. 502-503
lvithdraual \)mptorn\. 518. 53Y
Nicotine M ithdraival. 52 l-532
Nonbehavioral measure\. 3 116
Nonfilter cigarettes. lung cancer.
   134-1'5

0

Obesity. 3Y0497
Obstructive airways divzase\. see
  Chapter 7

Occupational factors. respirator!
  symptoms. 2Y6-2YY
Oral cancer

kohol conwmption. IS I - I32
cigarette consumption. I5 l-l 51
former smoLer5. I-$7- I57
gender facton. I.47
5nioAing xld ce\s;ition. I17- 152
Oral contrucepti\ e\. cerebra\ ;I\CLI~:II
  diwaw. 25X-700
Osteoporosis. 44.345;

O\teoporotic fractures. 44YL-453
Oi arian cancer. I72
O\ eweight. xl\ crw nicdical and
  p\>cho\ocial outcomes. 4YO4Y7

P

Pxncreatic caiccr. I55- I30
Pathoph! \iolofic nicchaii\m\ ot
   wlohln~
  cartlio\ ;I\~LII:II. diw;rw\. I Y I - I Y7
I;ir> ycal C~IIlCt'l'. I3 I
lung cwccr. 107-l IO
male reproduction. 40040I
preyancb. 37 l-371
premature ~iienop;~uw. 396-39X
osteoporo\l\. I-ii-444
respirator> di\e;iw. 77Y-2X.5
shin ~rinhling. 4531.56
Penile c;uiccr. 171-l 76
Peptic ulcer di\e;iw. 17%41~
Peptic ulcer\
morbidit!,. -Ii ILL32
mortalit>. 4.32
Pcrfomwicc. aktinencc. 525-526. 5.30
Perinatal mortalit!
attrihutahlc ri4. iY.JLWS
\niohing and ceswtion. 376-37Y
Pei-ipheral ;irtc'l-ial occItisi\e dixe;l\e.
   2-l I-211
Peripheral artel-! diw,tw
dC\ clopllkwt. I%. 21.3
progno\i\. T-13-744
PIlen\ I~~rop~inolanlirle. ~4 tight control.
   503.-504
Phleynl production. \c`c Ke\pirator!
   `! lllp,loln\
f'h! \ic;il ;ii,ti\ 11) 4S6. .i5 I --554
f'ti! SICI;II~ .id\ ic,c`. 5%. 6tN


Kac~al t`ac,tor.\. \c'c E!I~IIIC Factor,
Kccidi\ i\m. 595--5YX: \c`c AIYO Kclapc
Kcducrion 01' ~tnok~n~. prcy;tnc>.
   7X7-.3X9
R~lapw. 23-21. 53Ok53 I. 5Y5-5YX
Report
coticlu4ion~. X
de\ cloptlletlt. x-9
05 ervich . 5-7
Reproduclion
fetnale. 37 IL-W

male. 10010v
Reproduction. see Chapter X
Ropiratory cancers. we Chapter 4
Respirator!, diwuw\. \ec Chapter 7
Respiratory function te\th. we
  Spirometric parameter\: Stii~ill
  airway\ function
Respiratory infection\. 305-30X
Respiratory morbidit!,. mohing
   cr\\at;on. 2X5-308
Re\piratorl symptotn~
ah\tinence duration. 303

asthmatic\. 1X6

ce\3ation clinics. 2X5-7X7
cro3\-sectional population studic\.
    2Xx-296
longitudinal Gudiw 7YY-305
occupational !yoiip\. 7061YY
rc\ awl. pooihlr mechaniwi\. 301
w-tohing anti ct`\\ation. 1X5-305
wiohinp hi\lor! . 3Y-3Oi


Self-report tneawres. 3-2Y
Self-monitoring. 29
Sexual acti\ ity. male. IOI-U)4
Sexual behavior. cervical cancer. I66
Shorme\s of breath. see Re\ptratorl
  symptoms

Skin urinhling. 153456
Small airways function. smoking
   cessation. 323-327
Stnohing and ce\ation wrveys.
   methodoio~~\ 5X'-.5X4
           t- .
Smoking behavior chanc7e "-21
                 t .--
Smohin~ charucteri~tic~. see Inhalation
  practice\

Smohing continuum
abstainers for lesh than I Jear. 606
abstainer\ for I to 1 years. 606-607
ab\taitwr\ for 5 \`ear\. 607
defir,ition. 5X5-58X
smokers never trying to quit. SYY
smoker\ quitting for at least I day
  during I ?-month period. 606
Smoking duration. lung cancer.
   122-123

Stnoking history
cerebrovascular disease. 25 l-252
FEV I. 30X-3 16.328-337
lungcancer. I??-126.13%12X
respiratory symptom\. ZYY-303
Smoking interventions
cerebrovaxular dizea\e. 25 I
CHD mortality. 22&2?Y
overall mortality. X3-86
pregnancy. 3X7-.3X9
&eight control. SOO-502
Social wpport. 535-516
Spam. coronary arter! I Y5
Sperm qualit!. JO-l-lOY

Spirometrtc p;tr;lmeter~. smohing
   cessation. 3 IY-32.2
Spontaneou\ abortion. 372. 376
Statistical coti~ider3tiotis. 52
Stomach c:tncer. I76

S1re\4. 533-S-I I
Strobe patients. ce\\;ttion. 760
Studv design. 16-S I
Subaruchnoid hemorrhage. 2IY. 150.
   `.5X-260
Surrogate ;i\w5wxnt\. JO-3 I
Survival progtiwi\
lung cancer. l2Y- I3 I
MI patients. 7iO-33Y

T

T lymphocyte\. 306-307
Temporal i\we>. wit`-report\. 77-7X
Tertninolog\~. ahse\stnent. 33-31
Thiocyanate. 35-36
Thrombosi\. CHD de~~loptncnt.
   lY3-I95
Time trend\ in mohing and ce\\;ttion.
  pregn;inc>. iY3
Tobacco conwt~~p~iot~. e\oplugr~~l
   cancer. I52- I S-l
Tracheal mttcou\ \.elocit>. 304

U.S. Veteran\ Stud!. 10. 7Y. I IO. 12-t.
   12s. I'X. l2Y. 132. IS I. 15'.
   155. IM. l71-17h.217-`IX.
  2s I-25'. 345.112
Lllcrr healing ;tncl recurrence. 4321-i I
lilcer occurrt'nc`c'. -17%4.3~
L;lccr\. 4et' 21~ kpiic ulc`t`t-\: Ga\trtc
  ulcer\: Duotlen~tl LIICC`I-\


Weight control \trategie\. SOO-SO-1
Weight c\cling. 197195
      ,
Weight gain (we ;1lx~ Chapter IO)
pregnancy. 373
rish and amount. 473483

c;1use5.483190

Weight. mortality. 19 I495
Weigh-rclattxl health rid>. 497-500
Well-being. psychological. 533-511
Whesre. \ee Respiratory \ynptoms
Withdraual symptoms
relapse. 5X-53 I
relief. performance. 525-526
timecourse. S? I. 519-530
variability. 526-529
Wrinhlinp. skin. 453456