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CONTENTS Contributing Authors xiii Preface xxi 1. Delirium and Dementia 3 Scott A. Small and Richard Mayeux 2. Aphasia, Apraxia, and Agnosia 8 J. P. Mohr 3. Syncope, Seizures and their Mimics 13 Lawrence J. Hirsch, Dewey K. Ziegler, and Timothy A. Pedley 4. Coma 20 John C. M. Brust 5. Diagnosis of Pain and Paresthesias 29 Lewis P. Rowland 6. Dizziness and Hearing Loss 32 Ian Storper 7. Impaired Vision 38 Myles M. Behrens 8. Headache 45 Neil H. Raskin and Mark W. Green 9. Involuntary Movements 48 Stanley Fahn 10. Syndromes Caused by Weak Muscles 52 Lewis P. Rowland 11. Gait Disorders 56 Sid Gilman 12. Signs and Symptoms in Neurologic Diagnosis 60 Lewis P. Rowland 13. Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging 67 Robert DeLaPaz 14. Electroencephalography and Evoked Potentials 79 Ronald G. Emerson, Thaddeus S. Walczak, and Timothy A. Pedley 15. Electromyography, Nerve Conduction Studies, and Magnetic Stimulation 89 Clifton L. Gooch and Seth Pullman 16. Neurovascular Imaging 100 J. P. Mohr and Robert DeLaPaz 17. Endovascular Surgical Neuroradiology 114 Philip M. Myers and Sean D. Lavine 18. Lumbar Puncture and Cerebrospinal Fluid Examination 123 Robert A. Fishman 19. Muscle and Nerve Biopsy 127 Arthur P. Hays and Michael D. Daras 20. Neuropsychologic Evaluation 130 Yaakov Stern 21. DNA Diagnosis 134 Lewis P. Rowland, Salvatore DiMauro, and Michio Hirano 22. Bacterial Infections 139 Burk Jubelt 23. Focal Infections 167 Gary L. Bernardini 24. Viral Infections 175 Burk Jubelt 25. Acquired Immunode?ciency Syndrome (AIDS) 211 Carolyn Barley Britton 26. Fungal and Yeast Infections 228 Leon D. Prockop 27. Neurosarcoidosis 232 John C. M. Brust 28. Spirochete Infections: Neurosyphili s 235 29. Spirochete Infections: Leptospirosi s 243 Burk Jubelt 30. Spirochete Infections: Lyme Disease 244 Burk Jubelt 31. Parasitic Infections 246 Burk Jubelt 32. Bacterial Toxins 259 Burk Jubelt 33. Reye Syndrome 262 Darryl C. De Vivo 34. Prion Diseases 364 Burk Jubelt 35. Whipple Disease 270 Elan D. Louis 36. Pathogenesis, Classi?cation and Epidemiology of Cerebrovascular Disease 275 Ralph L. Sacco 37. Examination of the Patient With Cerebrovascular Disease 291 Randolph S. Marshall 38. Transient Ischemic Attack 293 John C. M. Brust 39. Cerebral Infarction 295 John C. M. Brust 40. Cerebral and Cerebellar Hemorrhage 303 J. P. Mohr and C. Stapf 41. Genetics of Stroke 305 Suh-hang Hank Juo and Ralph L. Sacco 42. Other Cerebrovascular Syndromes 308 Frank M. Yatsu 43. Differential Diagnosis of Stroke 312 Mitchell S. V. Elkind and J. P. Mohr 44. Stroke in Children 315 Arnold P. Gold and Marc C. Patterson 45. Treatment and Prevention of Strokes 324 Frank M. Yatsu 46. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 328 Stephan A. Mayer, Gary I. Bernardini, Robert A. Solomon and John C. M. Brust 47. Cerebral Veins and Sinuses 338 Robert A. Fishman 48. Vascular Disease of the Spinal Cord 342 Leon A. Weisberg 49. Hydrocephalus 349 Leon D. Prockop 50. Brain Edema and Disorders of Intracranial Pressure 357 Robert A. Fishman 51. Super?cial Siderosis of the Central Nervous System 365 Robert A. Fishman 52. Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome 366 Stephan A. Mayer and Leon D. Prockop 53. General Considerations 371 Lisa M. DeAngelis 54. Tumors of the Skull and Cranial Nerves 378 Lisa M. DeAngelis and Jeffrey N. Bruce 55. Tumors of the Meninges 386 Lisa M. DeAngelis and Jeffrey N. Bruce 56. Gliomas 393 Lisa M. DeAngelis 57. Lymphomas 406 Lisa M. DeAngelis and Cosilda M. Balmaceda 58. Pineal Region Tumors 414 Lisa M. DeAngelis and Jeffrey N. Bruce 59. Tumors of the Pituitary Gland 420 Lisa M. DeAngelis, Pamda U. Freda, and Jeffrey N. Bruce 60. Congenital and Childhood Central Nervous System Tumors 428 James H. Garvin, Jr., Neil A. Feldstein, and Saadi Ghatan 61. Vascular Tumors and Malformations 449 J. P. Mohr and John Pile-Spellman 62. Metastatic Tumors 459 L i s a M . D e A n g e l i s 63. Spinal Tumors 470 Paul C. McCormick and Lewis P. Rowland 64. Head Injury 483 Stephan A. Mayer 65. Spinal Injury 502 Joseph T. Marotta, Nazli Janjua, and Christian Commichatt 66. Intervertebral Disks and Radiculopathy 510 Paul C. McCormick 67. Cervical Spondylotic Myclopathy 517 Lewis P. Rowland and Paul C. McCormick 68. Lumbar Spondylosis 521 Lewis P. Rowland and Paul C. McCormick 69. Peripheral and Cranial Nerve Lesions 523 Clifton L. Gooch, Dale J. Lange, and Werner Trojaborg 70. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome 543 Lewis P. Rowland and Louis H. Weimer 71. Neuropathic Pain 545 Clifton L. Gooch 72. Radiation Injury 551 Steven R. Isaacson, Casilda Balmaceda, and Michael D. Daras 73. Electrical and Lightning Injury 557 Lewis P. Rowland 74. Decompression Sickness 558 Leon D. Prockop 75. Neonatal Neurology 563 M. Richard Koenigsberger, Ram Kairam, Douglas R. Nordli, Jr., and Timothy A. Pedley 76. Floppy Infant Syndrome 572 Juan M. Pascual and Darryl C. De Vivo 77. Static Disorders of Brain Development 575 Isabelle Rapin 78. Laurence-Moon-Biedl Syndrome 585 Melvin Greer 79. Structural Malformations 586 Melvin Greer " 80. Marcus Gunn and Mobius Syndromes 600 Lewis P. Rowland and Marc C. Patterson 81. Chromosomal Diseases 605 Ching H.Wang 82. Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism 609 John H. Menkes 83. Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism 617 Marc C. Patterson and Lewis P. Rowland 84. Lysosomal and Other Storage Diseases 619 Marc C. Patterson and William G. Johnson 85. Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism 639 Salvatore DiMauro 86. Glucose Transporter Type I De?ciency Syndrome 642 Darryl C. De Vivo 87. Disorders of DNA Maintenance, had Transcription, and Translation 644 spelled aut Marc C. Patterson 88. Hyperammonemia 648 nucleid Marc C. Patterson 89. Peroxisomal Diseases: Adrenoleucodystrophy, Zellweger Syndrome, and Refsum Disease 651 Marc C. Patterson and Darryl C. DeVivo 90. Organic Acidurias 656 Stefano Di Donato and Graziella Uziel 91. Disorders of Metal Metabolism 658 John H. Menkes 92. Acute Intermittent Porphyria 666 Lewis P. Rowland 93. Neurologic Syndromes with Acanthocytes 669 Christopher Min, Timothy A. Pedley, and Lewis P. Rowland 94. Cerebral Degenerations of Childhood 673 Eveline C. Traeger and Isabelle Rapin 95. Diffuse Sclerosis 680 Lewis P. Rowland 96. Differential Diagnosis 682 Eveline C. Traeger and Isabelle Rapin 97. Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies: Diseases of Mitochondrial DNA 693 Salvatore DiMauro, Eric A. Schon, Michio Hirano, and Lewis P. Rowland 98. Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy 700 Myles M. Behrens and Michio Hirano 99. Mitochondrial Diseases With Mutations of Nuclear DNA 703 Darryl C. De Vivo and Michio Hirano 100. Neuro?bromatosis 711 Arnold P. Gold and Marc C. Patterson 101. Encephalotrigeminal Angiomatosis 716 Arnold P. Gold and Marc C. Patterson 102. Incontinentia Pigmenti 720 Arnold P. Gold and Marc C. Patterson 103. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 722 Arnold P. Gold and Marc C. Patterson 104. General Considerations 733 Norman Latov 105. Hereditary Neuropathies 736 Michael E. Shy 106. Acquired Neuropathies 746 Thomas H. Brannagan III, Louis H. Weimer, and Norman Latov 107. Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias 769 Scott A. Small and Richard Mayeux 108. Hereditary Ataxias 781 Susan B. Bressman, Rachel J. Saunders-Pullman, and Roger N. Rosenberg 109. Huntington Disease 801 Stanley Fahn 110. Sydenham and Other Forms of Chorea 805 Stanley Fahn 111. Myoclonus 810 Stanley Fahn 112. Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome 813 Stanley Fahn 113. Dystonia 814 Stanley Fahn and Susan B. Bressman 114. Essential Tremor 825 Elan D. Louis 115. Parkinsonism 826 Stanley Fahn and Serge Przedborski 116. Progressive Supranuclear Palsy 844 Paul E. Greene 117. Tardive Dyskinesia and Other Neuroleptic-Induced Syndromes 847 Stanley Fahn and Robert E. Burke 118. Hereditary and Acquired Spastic Paraplegia 853 Lewis P. Rowland and Paul H. Gordon 119. Hereditary and Acquired Motor Neuron Diseases 859 Lewis P. Rowland, Hiroshi Mitsumoto, and Darryl C. DeVivo 120. Syringomyelia 868 Elliott L. Mancall 121. Myasthenia Gravis 875 Audrey S. Penn and Lewis P. Rowland 122. Lambert-Eaton Syndrome 883 Audrey S. Penn 123. Botulism and Antibiotic-Induced Neuromuscular Disorders 884 Audrey S. Penn 124. Acute Quadriplegic Myopathy 886 Michio Hirano and Louis H. Weimer 125. Identifying Disorders of the Motor Unit 891 Lewis P. Rowland 126. Progressive Muscular Dystrophies 893 Petra Kaufmann, Louis H. Weimer, and Lewis P. Rowland 127. Familial Periodic Paralysis 909 Lewis P. Rowland and Paul H. Gordon 128. Congenital Disorders of Muscle 913 O. Williams 129. Myoglobinuria 919 Lewis P. Rowland 130. Muscle Cramps and Stiffness 922 Robert B. Layzer and Lewis P. Rowland 131. Dermatomyositis 927 Lewis P. Rowland 132. Polymyositis, Inclusion Body Myositis, and Related Myopathies 930 Lewis P. Rowland 133. Myositis Ossi?cans 935 Lewis P. Rowland 134. Multiple Sclerosis 939 Saud A.Sadiq 135. Marchiafava-Bignami Disease 961 Lewis P. Rowland 136. Central Pontine Myelinolysis 963 Gary L. Bernadini and Elliott L. Mancall 137. Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension and Autonomic Failure 969 Louis H. Weimer 138. Acute Autonomic Neuropathy 972 Louis H. Weimer 139. Familial Dysautonomia 974 Alan M. Aron 140. Migraine and Other Headaches 979 Neil H. Raskin and Mark W. Green 141. Epilepsy 988 Carl W. Bazil, Martha J. Morrell, and Timothy A. Pedley 142. Febrile Seizures 1013 Linda Leary, Douglas R. Nordli, Jr., and Timothy A. Pedley 143. Transient Global Amnesia 1015 John C. M. Brust 144. M'ere Syndrome 1016 eni`Ian S. Storper 145. Sleep Disorders 1020 June M. Fry and Bradley V. Vaughn 146. Endocrine Diseases 1031 Gary M. Abrams and Earl A. Zimmerman 147. Hematologic and Related Diseases 1048 Robert W. Pratt, David J. Adams, and Casilda M. Balmaceda 148. Hepatic Disease 1062 Neil H. Raskin and Peter Y. Kim 149. Cerebral Complications of Cardiac Surgery 1065 Mitchell S. V. Elkind and Eric J. Heyer 150. Bone Disease 1071 Roger N. Rosenberg 151. Renal Disease 1077 Neil H. Raskin and J. Kirk Roberts 152. Respiratory Support for Neurologic Diseases 1080 Stephan A. Mayer and Matthew E. Fink 153. Paraneoplastic Syndromes 1085 Lisa M. DeAngelis and Lewis P. Rowland 154. Nutritional Disorders: Malnutrition, Malabsorption, and B12 and Other Vitamin De?ciency 1089 Lewis P. Rowland and Bradford B. Worrall 155. Vasculitis Syndromes 1097 Lewis P. Rowland and Marcelo R. Olarte 156. Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis 1109 John C. M. Brust 157. Neurologic Disease During Pregnancy 1110 Alison M. Pack and Martha J. Morrell 158. Hashimoto Encephalopathy 1118 Ji Chong 159. Mood Disorders 1123 Ralph N. Wharton 160. Anxiety Disorders 1130 Ralph N. Wharton 161. Schizophrenia 1135 Arielle D. Stanford, Cheryl Corcoran, and Dolores Malaspina 162. Somatoform Disorders 1140 Daniel T. Williams 163. Alcoholism 1149 John C. M. Brust 164. Drug Dependence 1159 John C. M. Brust 165. Iatrogenic Disease 1164 Louis H. Weimer and Lewis P. Rowland 166. Complications of Cancer Chemotherapy 1166 Lisa M. DeAngelis and Casilda M. Balmaceda 167. Occupational and Environmental Neurotoxicology 1171 Leon D. Prockop and Lewis P. Rowland 168. HIV, Fetal Alcohol and Drug Effects, and the Battered Child 1183 Claudia A. Chiriboga 169. Falls in the Elderly 1189 Gary M. Abrams and Lewis P. Rowland 170. Neurologic Rehabilitation 1193 Laura Lennihan and Glenn M. Seliger 171. End-of-Life Issues in Neurology 1199 Lewis P. Rowland
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Nervous system -- Diseases.
Neurology.
Nervous System Diseases.