Scientific Data Documentation
Master Area Reference File 2 (1980)
*SEE AREA REFERENCE FILE 2 DATASET NAMES FOR DSNs.
ABSTRACT
Summary
The Master Area Reference File (MARF) is the 1980 census counterpart of the
Master Enumeration District List (MEDList) prepared for the 1970 census. It
links State or State equivalent, county or county equivalent, minor civil
division (MCD)/census county division (CCD), and place names with their
respective geographic codes. It is also an abbreviated summary file
containing selected population and housing unit counts.
The second version of MARF (MARF 2) has the same geographic coverage as the
first MARF and includes the following additional information: FIPS place
codes, latitude, and longitude coordinates for geographic areas down to the
BG/ED level, land area in square miles for geographic areas down to the
level of places or minor civil divisions (11 selected States) with a
population of 2,500 or more, total population and housing count estimates
based on sample returns, and per capita income for all geographic areas
included in the file.
Like the first version of MARF, MARF 2 will be available on a State-by-State
basis.
MARF 2 contains numeric codes and names for census geographic areas plus
100-percent and sample data for selected population and housing items. The
file provides 100-percent counts for the total population, 5 race groups
(White, Black, American Indian/Eskimo/Aleut, Asian and Pacific Islander, Other
races), persons of Spanish origin, families, persons in group quarters, one-
person households, and total, occupied, and owner-occupied housing units.
In addition, total population and housing unit estimates and per capita
income based on 1980 census sample returns are included. Latitude and
longitude coordinates are given for the approximate population centroid of
each geographic area down to the level of block group (BG) and enumeration
district (ED). Land area in square miles is provided for geographic areas
down to the level of places and minor civil divisions (MCDs) (in 11 selected
States) with a population of 2,500 or more.
Acknowledgments
This documentation was prepared within the Data Access and Use Staff, under
the direction of James P. Curry, Chief, and Barbar J. Aldrich, Chief of its
Technical Information Section. Lawrence Hugg and Annette Ralston were the
coordinators for this file assisted by Mary Ann Mandley and Joann Sutton.
Support was provided through content review by staff members from Decennial
Planning Division, Geography Division, Housing Division, Population
Division, and Statistical Methods Division.
The file should be cited as follows:
Census of Population and Housing 1980: Master Area Reference File
(MARF) 2 machines-readable data file / prepared by the Bureau of the
Census. --Washington: The Bureau producer and distributor , 1983.
This technical documentation should be cited as follows:
Census of Population and Housing 1980: Master Area Reference File
(MARF) 2 Technical Documentation / prepared by the Data User Services
Division, Bureau of the Census. --Washington: The Bureau, 1983.
For additional information concerning the file, contact Data User
Services Division, Customer Services (Tapes), Bureau of the Census,
Washington, D.C. 20233. Phone: (301) 763-4100.
For additional information concerning the technical documentation,
contact Data User Services Division, Data Access and use Staff, Bureau
of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Phone: (301) 763-2074.
For additional information concerning the subject matter of the file,
contact Geography Division, (301) 763-5720, or Data User Services
Division, (301) 763-2074, Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C.
20233.
User Notes
This section will contain information relevant to the Master Area Reference
File (MARF) 2 which becomes available after the file is released.
User Notes will be sent to all users who (1) purchased their files (or
technical documentation) from the Census Bureau and (2) returned the
original copy of the coupon located inside the front cover of this
documentation.
Subject Matter Description
MARF 2 contains numeric codes and names for census geographic areas plus
100-percent and sample data for selected population and housing items.
The file provides 100-percent counts for the total population, five race
groups (White; Black; American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut; Asian and
Pacific Islander; and Other races), persons of Spanish origin, families,
persons in group quarters, one-person households, and total, occupied,
and owner-occupied housing units.
In addition, total population and housing unit estimates and per capita
income based on 1980 census sample returns are included. Latitude and
longitude coordinates are given for the approximate population centroid
of each geographic area down to the level of block group (BG) and
enumeration district (ED). Land area in square miles is provided for
geographic areas down to the level of places and minor civil divisions
(MCD's) (in 11 selected States) with a population of 2,500 or more.
Geographic Coverage
This abstract provides general information about the geographic coverage
of MARF 2. Detailed information concerning the geographic hierarchy and
areas which are split by higher levels of geography is provided in the
technical documentation section entitled "File Structure and Geographic
Coverage."
MARF 2 provides summaries and codes for the State or State equivalent,
counties or county equivalents, minor civil divisions (MCD's) or census
county divisions (CCD's), places or place segments within MCD's/CCD's,
and remainders of MCD's/CCD's, census tracts or block numbering areas
(BNA's) and block groups (BG's) or, for areas that are not
block-numbered, enumeration districts (ED's).
Technical Description
Type of File
Type of file = Summary statistics
File Size
390-character logical record length. The number of logical records
for individual State files will be on the printout accompanying
each tape.
File Sort Sequence
This file is sorted by level of geographic hierarchy. For a
complete explanation, see the "File Structure and Geographic
Coverage" section in the technical documentation.
Reference Materials
"Census of Population and Housing 1980: Master Area Reference File
(MARF) 2 Technical Documentation." The documentation contains this
abstract as well as additional information about the file, a glossary,
and a data dictionary. One copy accompanies each file order. When
ordered separately, it is available for $5 from Data User Services
Division, Customer Services (Tapes), Bureau of the Census, Washington,
D.C. 20233.
Metropolitan Map Series/Vicinity Map Series (MMS/VMS). This map series
provides coverage of densely settled areas of selected counties and
county equivalents. These maps are referred to as the Metropolitan Map
Series (MMS) when the maps cover standard metropolitan statistical areas
(SMSA's) and as the Vicinity Map Series (VMS) when the maps cover areas
not in an SMSA. For a more detailed discussion of the MMS/VMS, see the
section in the technical documentation entitled "1980 Census Maps."
County Maps. The maps cover all counties and county equivalents except
where the Metropolitan Map Series/Vicinity Map Series (MMS/VMS) sheets
cover an entire county. Most county maps are based on maps supplied by
State transportation or highway departments on which the Bureau has
superimposed boundaries and identifiers for most areas for which data
are tabulated. Insets to county maps are provided for some counties
that contain American Indian reservations. For a more detailed
discussion on county maps, see the section in the technical
documentatio entitled "1980 Census Maps."
Place Maps. Place maps are used for places not shown on MMS/VMS, and
show map features within the corporate limits of a municipality or
within boundaries established for a census designated place (CDP). If
census boundaries and identifiers for an area adjacent to a place are
shown, the map is referred to as a place-and-vicinity map. For a more
detailed discussion on place maps, see the section in the technical
documentation entitled "1980 Census Maps."
For information about the availability of the above maps, write or call
Data User Services Division, Customer Services, (Maps), Bureau of the
Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Phone: (301) 763-4100.
PHC80-R1 1980 Census of Population and Housing Users' Guide. This
publication is a comprehensive guide to 1980 census data. It covers
1980 census subject content, procedures, geography, statistical
products, limitations of the data, sources of user assistance, notes on
data use, a glossary of terms, and guides for locating data in reports
and tape files. The guide is issued in loose-leaf form and sold in
parts (R1-A, -B, etc.) as they are prepared. Part A, Text and Part B,.
Glossary (published as part of Supplement 1 to the Users' Guide) are
available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Part A: S/N 003-024-03625-8. Price
is $5.50. Supplement 1 (including Part B): S/N 003-024-05004-8. Price
is $6.00.
PHC80-R3 Alphabetical Index of Industries and Occupations. The index
features the respondent's industry (employer's kind of business) and
occupation (employee's kind of work) as in the 1980 Census of
Population, Current Population Survey, and other demographic surveys
conducted by the Bureau of the Census. The index lists approximately
20,000 industry and 29,000 occupation titles in alphabetical order. It
is a comprehensive list of specific industries and occupations developed
over time and continuously updated through review of census and survey
questionnaires. It is available from the Superintendent of Documents,
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. S/N
003-024-04939-2. Price is $11.00.
PHC80-R4 Classified Index of Industries and Occupations. The index
presents, for each category in the industrial and occupational
classification system, the individual titles that constitute each of the
231 industry and 503 occupation categories in the classification
systems. The individual titles are the same as those shown in the
Alphabetical Index. The 1980 occupation classification reflects the new
U.S. Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). As in the past, the
1980 industry classification reflects the Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC). It is available from the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. S/N
003-024-05002-1. Price is $8.50.
PHC80-R5 Geographic Identification Code Scheme. This report identifies
the names and related geographic codes for each State, county, minor
civil division (MCD), place, region, division, standard consolidated
statistical area (SCSA), standard metropolitan statistical area (SMSA),
American Indian reservation, and Alaska Native village for which the
Census Bureau tabulated data from the 1980 Census. It is available from
the Superintentof Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C. 20402. S/N 003-024-05118-4. Price is $7.50.
Monthly Product Announcement (MPA). New Census Bureau products are
listed each month in the MPA. These products include publications,
technical documentation, data files, published maps, and microfiche. To
be added to the mailing list, contact Data User Services Division,
Customer Services (Publications), Bureau of the Census, Washington,
D.C. 20233.
Related Printed Reports and Microfiche
Listed below are some of the products that are currently available or
will be released. For a complete listing, see the 1980 Census Users'
Guide. The products may be ordered from the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402
unless otherwise indicated. Specific ordering information for
individual reports (price and GPO stock number) may be obtained by
contacting Data User Services Division, Customer Services, Bureau of the
Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Phone: (301) 763-4100.
PC80-1-A Number of Inhabitants. These reports are largely derived from
STF 1 and contain final 1980 population counts and historic counts from
previous censuses for States, standard consolidated statistical areas
(SCSA's), standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's), urbanized
areas (UA's), urban and rural residence, counties, county subdivisions,
incorporated places, census designated places, and towns and townships
in selected States. Reports are issued separately for the United
States, each State, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, Virgin
Islands of the United States, American Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands,
and the remainder of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
PC80-1-B General Population Characteristics. Data are derived from STF
2 and include statistics on household relationship, age, sex, marital
status, race, and Spanish origin for the following areas or their
equivalents: States, standard consolidated statistical areas (SCSA's),
standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's), urbanized areas
(UA's), counties, county subdivisions, places (and towns and townships
in selected States) of 1,000 or more inhabitants, American Indian
reservations, and Alaska Native villages. These reports are issued
separately for the United States, each State, the District of Columbia,
Puerto Rico, Guam, Virgin Islands of the United States, American Samoa,
Northern Mariana Islands, and the remainder of the Trust Territory of
the Pacific Islands.
PC80-1-C General Social and Economic Characteristics. In addition to
selected subjects that are shown in the PC80-1-B reports, statistics are
presented on nativity, State or country of birth, citizenship and year
of immigration for the foreign-born population, language spoken at home
and ability to speak English, ancestry, fertility, family composition,
type of group quarters, residence in 1975, journey to work, school
enrollment, years of school completed, disability, veteran status, labor
force status, occupation, industry, class of workers, labor force status
in 1979, income in 1979, and poverty status in 1979. Each subject is
shown for some or all of the following areas or their equivalents:
States, counties (including rural and rural farm residence), places (and
towns and townships in selected States) of 2,500 or more inhabitants,
standard consolidated statistical areas (SCSA's), standard metropolitan
statistical areas (SMSA's), urbanized areas (UA's), American Indian
reservations, and Alaska Native villages. These reports will be issued
separately for the United States, each State, the District of Columbia,
Puerto Rico, Guam, Virgin Islands of the United States, American Samoa,
Northern Mariana Islands, and the remainder of the Trust Territory of
the Pacific Islands.
PC80-1-D Detailed Population Characteristics. Statistics on population
characteristics are presented in considerable detail and
cross-classified by age, race, Spanish origin, and other
characteristics. Each subject is shown for the State or equivalent
area, and some subjects are also shown for rural residence at the State
level. Most subjects are shown for standard metropolitan statistical
areas (SMSA's) of 250,000 or more inhabitants, and a few are shown for
central cities of these SMSA's. These reports will be issued separately
for the United States, each State, the District of Columbia, Puerto
Rico, Guam, Virgin Islands of the United States, American Samoa,
Northern Mariana Islands, and the remainder of the Trust Territory of
the Pacific Islands.
HC80-1-A General Housing Characteristics. Statistics on units at
address, tenure, condominium status, number of rooms, persons per room,
plumbing facilities, value, contract rent, and vacancy status are shown
for some or all of the following areas or their equivalents: States,
counties, county subdivisions, places (and towns and townships in
selected States) of 1,000 or more inhabitants, standard consolidated
statistical areas (SCSA's), standard metropolitan statistical areas
(SMSA's), urbanized areas (UA's), American Indian reservations, and
Alaska Native villages. Selected tables contain housing characteristics
for urban and rural areas. These reports are issued separately for the
United States, each State, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam,
Virgin Islands of the United States, American Samoa, Northern Mariana
Islands, and the remainder of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
HC80-1-B Detailed Housing Characteristics. Some subjects included in
the HC80-1-A reports are also shown in this report. Additional subjects
include units in structure, year householder moved into unit, year
structure built, heating equipment, fuels, air conditioning, water and
sewage, gross rent, and selected monthly ownership costs. The
statistics are shown for some or all of the following areas or their
equivalents: States, (including urban, rural nonfarm, and rural farm
residence), counties places (and towns and townships in selected States)
of 2,500 or more inhabitants, standard consolidated statistical areas
(SCSA's), standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's), urbanized
areas (UA's), American Indian reservations, and Alaska Native villages.
These reports are issued separately for the United States, each State,
the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, Virgin Islands of the
United States, American Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands, and the
remainder of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
HC80-2 Metropolitan Housing Characteristics. This volume presents
statistics in considerable detail and cross-classification for most of
the 1980 census housing subjects. Most statistics are presented by race
and Spanish origin for areas with at least a specified number of the
relevant population groups. Data are shown for States, standard
metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's) and their central cities, and
other cities of 50,000 or more inhabitants. There is one report for
each SMSA, and one report for each State, The District of Columbia, and
Puerto Rico. The U.S. Summary shows these statistics for the United
States and census regions.
PHC80-1 Block Statistics. (Microfiche report). Data provided are
derived from STF 1 and include final population and housing counts
(totals) and statistics for selected characteristics based on responses
to complete-count (100-percent) questions. Data are shown for
individual blocks in the blocked portion of each standard metropolitan
statistical area (SMSA), and for urbanized areas (UA's), places of
10,000 or more inhabitants, and areas that contracted with the Census
Bureau to provide block statistics outside of SMSA's. There is one
title for each SMSA with block-numbered areas within the SMSA, one title
for each State and Puerto Rico with block-numbered areas outside SMSA's,
and a U.S. Summary that is an index to the set. Block reports on
micofiche and maps on paper stock are available from the U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Microfiche paper prints of the
reports are available from Data User Services Division, Customer
Services (Microfiche), Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233.
PHC80-2 Census Tracts. Data for selected population and housing
subjects derived from STF 2 and STF 4 are shown by census tract for
standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's), central cities,
component SMSA counties, selected non-SMSA counties, and places of
10,000 or more inhabitants within SMSA's and selected counties. Some
tables are based on 100-percent or complete-count tabulations while
others are based on sample tabulations. There is one report for each
SMSA and one for the tracted balance of most States and for Puerto
Rico. Tables showing tract comparability between 1970 and 1980 are
included in this publication. Maps are provided separately from the
tract reports and are available from the U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Until the publications are available
(expected to become available beginning mid-1983 from GPO), photocopies
of tables containing complete-count data may be purchased from Data User
Services Division, Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington,
D.C. 20233.
PHC80-3 Summary Characteristics for Governmental Units and Standard
Metropolitan Statistical Areas. This publication series is derived from
STF 1 and STF 3 and shows selected population and housing statistics
based on complete count and sample estimate data for States, counties,
functioning minor civil divisions (20 specified States), and
incorporated places. There is one report for each State, the District
of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.
PHC80-4 Congressional Districts of the 98th Congress. This report
presents complete-count and sample data for congressional districts of
the 98th Congress. One report is available for each of the 50 States
and the District of Columbia.
3Related Machine-Readable Files and Microfiche
Listed below are some of the 1980 Census data files which have been or
will be released.
Census of Population and Housing, 1980: Summary Tape Files (STF's).
STF's 1 to 5 consist of multiple files, each file summarizing data for
specific levels of geography. The following discussion does not
necessarily specify geographic levels features in each file, but
provides only a general description of geographic areas covered in the
whole STF. Further information can be obtained from Data User Services
Division, Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C.
20233. Phone: (301) 763-4100.
STF 1 (Files A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) provides 321 cells of
complete-count population and housing data. This file set includes data
shown in the PHC80-1, PHC80-3, and PC80-1-A reports. Geographic areas
for which data are summarized include the United States, regions,
divisions, States, standard consolidated statistical areas (SCSA's),
standard metropolitan statistical area (SMSA), and for urbanized areas
(UA's), congressional districts, counties, county subdivisions, places,
census tracts, enumeration districts in unblocked areas, and blocks and
block groups in blocked areas. STF 1 files A, B, C, have been
released. Data from the STF 1A and STF 1C files are also available on
microfiche. STF 1D contains data for congressional districts of the
98th Congress. This file has been released. STF 1E for North Dakota
provides data based on 1970 census geography. This file has been
released. STF 1F presents data for school districts. The files are
being released by State on a flow basis. STF 1G presents data for
neighborhoods in areas that chose to participate in the Neighborhood
Statistics Program. Files are being released on a State-by-State basis.
STF 2 (Files A, B, and C) contains 2,292 cells of detailed
complete-count population and housing data, of which 962 are repeated
for race and/or Spanish origin groups present in the tabulation area.
Data are summarized for the United States census regions, census
divisions, States, standard consolidated statistical areas (SCSA's),
urbanized areas (UA's), counties, county subdivisions, places of 1,000
or more inhabitants, census tracts, American Indian reservations, and
Alaska Native villages. This file set includes data shown in the
PHC80-2, PC80-1-B, and HC80-1-A reports. All STF 2 files have been
released.
STF 3 (Files A, B, C, D, F and G) contains 1,126 cells of population and
housing data estimated from the sample. This file set includes data
shown in the sample tables of the PHC80-3 reports. Files A and C
provide data for the same areas as files A and C of STF 1, excluding
blocks. STF files 3A and 3C have been released. These files are also
available on microfiche. File 3B, a special tabulation contracted for
by a private organization, provides summaries for each 5-digit ZIP code
area within States, standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's),
and counties. STF files 3D, 3F, and 3G provide data for the same
geographic areas as the corresponding STF 1 files. Most State STF 3D
files are available. STF 3F and STF 3G files are being released on a
State-by-State basis.
STF 4 (Files A, B, and C) is the geographic counterpart of STF 2 and
contains approximately 8,500 cells of population and housing data, of
which approximately 3,500 are repeated for up to 39 race, Spanish
origin, and ancestry groups present in the tabulation area. Data are
summarized for areas similar to those shown for STF 2, except that data
for places are limited to those with 2,500 or more inhabitants. This
file set includes data shown in the PHC80-2, PHC80-1C, and HC80-1-B
reports. STF 4A and B files are being released on a State-by-State
basis.
STF 5 (Files A and C) contains over 100,000 cells of population and
housing data estimated from the sample and provides highly detailed
tabulations for States, standard metropolitan statistical areas
(SMSA's), and counties and places of 50,000 or more inhabitants. Most
subjects are cross-classified by five race and Spanish origin groups.
This file set includes data shown in the PC80-1-D and HC80-2 reports.
STF 5 is scheduled to be available in late 1983.
Census of Population and Housing, 1980: Geographic Identification Code
Scheme. The file lists names and numeric codes for States, counties,
county subdivisions (MCD's/CCD's), and places for which 1980 census data
were tabulated. It includes much of the information from the PHC80-R5
Geographic Identification Code Scheme report.
Census of Population and Housing, 1980: Equal Employment Opportunity
(EEO) Special File. The file contains two tables. Table 1 provides
detailed occupation (514 categories) by sex. Table 2 contains years of
school completed by age and sex. The data in both tables are
cross-classification by sex and Hispanic origin or race for
non-Hispanics. These data are provided for States, the District of
Columbia, standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's), counties,
and places with a population of 50,000 or more.
Census of Population and Housing, 1980: Public-Use Microdata Samples.
Public-use microdata samples are computerized files containing records
for a sample of housing units, with information on the characteristics
of each unit and the persons in it. These files do not contain names or
addresses, and geographic identification is sufficiently broad to
protect confidentiality. There are three mutually exclusive samples
(each released by State, groups of States, or for the U.S.): the A
sample including 5 percent, and the B and C samples each including 1
percent of all persons and housing units. Three 1-in-1,000 samples were
also prepared, one each extracted from the A, B, and C samples. Each
sample features a different geographic scheme. The A sample focuses on
States, the B on SMSA's, and the C samples gives urban/rural components
for regions and divisions and identifies UA's. Separate sets of county
groups are featured on the A and B samples. Microdata files allow the
user to prepare customized tabulations. All state files have been
released.
Census of Population and Housing, 1980: P.L. 94-171 Population Counts.
The file, organized by State, provides count for total population, and
provisional counts for five racial categories and Spanish/Hispanic
origin. Summaries are provided for the State, counties, minor civil
divisions (MCD's) or census county divisions (CCD's), incorporated
places or place segments within MCD's/CCD's, remainder of MCD's/CCD's,
election precincts in certain States or portions of certain States,
census tracts or block numbering areas, block groups and blocks or, for
areas that are not block numbered, enumeration districts (ED's). The
figures presented in P.L. 94-171 may differ from those shown in STF 1.
The changes reflect corrections of errors found after P.L. 94-171 was
prepared. Microfiche (and paper photo copy of microfiche) of the P.L.
94-171 Population Counts file is also available.
Census Software Package (CENSPAC). CENSPAC is a generalized data
retrieval system developed by the Census Bureau for use with Census
Bureau statistical data files. CENSPAC provides file processing
capabilities primarily for summary data files, but also provides some
features which apply to microdata files. A manual describing the
software accompanies each file order ($140 from Customer Services
(Tapes) or may be purchased separately from Customer Services for $5.00.
Relevant Articles and Publications
The following is a list of reference materials which provide additional
information concerning the 1980 census.
PHC80-R1 1980 Census of Population and Housing Users' Guide. This
publication is a comprehensive guide to 1980 census data. It covers 1980
census subject content, procedures, geography, statistical products,
limitations of the data, sources of user assistance, notes on data use, a
glossary of terms, and guides for locating data in reportsand tape files.
The guide is issued in loose-leaf form and sold in parts (R1-A, -B, etc.) as
they are prepared. Part A, Text and Part B, Glossary (published as part of
Supplement 1 to the Users' Guide) are available from the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Part
A: S/N 003-024-03625-8. Price is $5.50. Supplement 1 (including Part B):
S/N 003-024-05004-8. Price is $6.
Census '80: Continuing the Factfinder Tradition. This publication,
originally prepared for college classes, examined the history, organization,
products, services, and uses of the 1980 census and is available from the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,
D.C. 20402. S/N 003-024-02262-1. Price is $7.50.
Factfinder for the Nation. These brochures describe the range of census
materials available on specific subjects. Nos. 6 (Housing Statistics), 7
(Population Statistics), 8 (Census Geography), and 22 (Data for Small
Communities) discuss topics relevant to the 1980 census. Limited free
copies are available from Data User Services Division, Census History Staff,
Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233.
Data User News. This monthly newsletter provides continuous reporting on
Census Bureau programs and products. A subscription is available for $20 a
year from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C. 20402.
Monthly Product Announcement. This free announcement lists new products
released each month from the Census Bureau. These products include
publications, technical documentation, data files, published maps, and
microfiche. To be added to the mailing list, contact Data User Services
Division, Customer Services (Publications), Bureau of the Census,
Washington, D.C. 20233.
File Availability
MARF 2 is available on a State-by-State basis. Individual States may be
purchased separately from Data User Services Division using the Customer
Services order form for tapes. A consolidated U.S. file will also be
prepared. The tapes are available at 1600 bpi or 6250 bpi, 9-track, at
a cost of $140 per reel. If data for more than one State are ordered and
can be accommodated on a single reel, the cost is $165 per reel. For
information on the number of reels and release date for each State,
subscribe to the Monthly Product Announcement (MPA).
File Structure and Geographic Coverage
For each geographic area presented on MARF, there is a 390-character census
logical record. Each record begins with 252 characters of geographic
information and suppression indicators. For a concise description of the
geographic coverage of MARF 2 see Appendix A.
Figure 1 presents an overview of the sequencing of records in MARF.
Although variations such as places split by minor civil divisions (MCD's),
MCD's which both have block numbering areas (BNA's) and unblocked areas, and
census tracts with both block groups (BC's) and enumeration distrits (ED's)
are not shown, these variations are explained in the following discussion of
each summary level record type appearing in MARF.
The State record (Summary Level 04) contains a summary for the State or
State equivalent.
The county record (Summary Level 11) contains a summary for each county or
county equivalent, including independent cities, within the State in FIPS
code sequence.
The minor civil division (MCD) / census county division (CCD) record
(Summary Level 12) contains a summary for each MCD/CCD within the county in
census code sequence.
The place or remainder-of-MCD/CCD record (Summary Level 13) provides a
summary for each place within the MCD/CCD in census place code sequence.
These may be places or, when places cross MCD/CCD boundaries, portions of
places. A remainder-of-MCD/CCD record will be generated only if there is a
place in the MCD/CCD. This record will cover all areas outside of places
and will have a pseudo place code of 9999.
Figure 1
FIGURE 1
Summary
Geography Level
State 1............................................................. ....04
County 1........................................................... ...11
MCD/CCD 1........................................................ ...12
Place 1........................................................ ...13
Tract 1..........................................................14
Block Group 1..................................................15
Block Group 2
'
'
Block Group N
Tract 2..........................................................14
Block Group 1..................................................15
'
'
Block Group N
Tract 3..........................................................14
'
'
Tract N
Place 2........................................................ ...13
Tract 1..........................................................14
ED 1....................................................... ...16
'
'
ED N
Tract 2..........................................................14
'
'
Tract N
Place 3........................................................ ...13
'
'
Place N
MCD/CCD 2........................................................ ...12
Place 1........................................................ ...13
Tract 1..........................................................14
BG 1....................................................... ...15
BG 2
'
'
BG N
Tract 2..........................................................14
'
'
Tract N
Place 2........................................................ ...13
'
'
Place N
Remainder of MCD/CCD 2.............................................13
MCD/CCD 3........................................................ ...12
'
'
MCD/CCD N
County 2........................................................... ...11
MCD/CCD 1........................................................ ...12
Place 1........................................................ ...13
Tract 1..........................................................14
BG 1....................................................... ...15
'
'
BG N
Tract 2..........................................................14
'
'
Tract N
Place 2........................................................ ...13
'
'
Place N
Remainder of MCD/CCD 1.............................................13
MCD/CCD 2........................................................ ...12
'
MCD/CCD N
County 3........................................................... ...11
'
'
County N
Figure 2
The remaining summary levels on the MARF--tract block numbering area (BNA)
(Summary Level 14) and block group (BG) (Summary Level 15) or enumeration
district (ED) (Summary Level 16)--appear in one of six sequences depending
on the geographic breakdown of a given area. Figure 2 illustrates the six
possible sequences.
Figure 2
A. Tract D. Block Numbering Area (BNA)
Block Group (BG) Block Group (BG)
B. Tract E. Pseudo BNA
Enumeration District (ED)
Block Group (BG)
Enumeration District (ED)
C. Tract F. Enumeration District (ED)
Enumeration District (ED)
A. Tract/BG. When an area is tracted and block-numbered, a summary is
shown for each tract or tract portion within the MCD/CCD/place or
remainder of MCD/CCD. Each tract summary is followed by a summary for
each BG within the tract or tract portion. Tract summaries are in tract
code sequence, and BG summaries are sequenced by the BG number.
B. Tract/BG/ED. When a MCD/CCD is tracted and partially block-numbered,
there will be both BG and ED summaries for the tract or tract portion
within the MCD/CCD/place or remainder of MCD/CCD. BG summaries will
precede those for ED's. BG summaries are sequenced by BG numbers, and
ED summaries are sequenced by ED number and suffix.
C. Tract/ED. When an area is tracted but not block-numbered, a summary is
shown for each tract or tract portion within the MCD/CCD/place or
remainder. Each tract summary is followed by the summary for each ED
within the tract or BNA portion.
D. BNA/BG. When an area is not tracted but is block-numbered, there will
be a summary for each BNA portion within the MCD/CCD/place or remainder,
followed by a summary for each BG within the BNA or BNA portion.
E. Pseudo BNA/ED. When the remainder of an untracted MCD/CCD is partially
blocked, the blocked portion will be shown as in D above and the
unblocked portion will be shown by a pseudo BNA (999999) followed by the
summary for each ED in the area.
F. ED. When an area is neither tracted nor block-numbered, a summary is
shown for each ED within the place, place segment, or MCD/CCD. ED records
for the portion of MCD's/CCD's not covered by places will follow the
remainder of MCD/CCD summary record, if applicable.
DESCRIPTION OF POPULATION
Universe description = All persons and housing units in the United States.
SUPPRESSION
Introduction
To maintain the confidentiality promised respondents and required by law,
the Census Bureau takes precautions to make sure that its public data, in
print or on tape, do not disclose information about particular individuals
or housing units; therefore the Bureau suppresses tabulations of
characteristics for very small groups of people or housing units. On
summary tapes, zeroes are entered in suppressed cells. However, a zero in a
cell does not automatically mean suppression. Only by checking the
suppression flag field can it be determined if the zero in a specific item
is suppressed data or an actual count of zero.
The following discussion outlines the rules for suppression of
complete-count and sample data as it applies to the subject items on MARF2.
No Suppression
No Suppression
The following counts are never suppressed:
Total population
Total housing units
Occupied housing units
Count of persons and households in each race and
Spanish origin group
Primary Suppression
Primary Suppression
Suppression of Population Characteristics. Characteristics of persons other
than race or Spanish origin are shown only if the number of persons in a
geographic area meets minimum requirements. For tabulations based on
complete-count data (e.g., number of persons in group quarters), there must
be 15 or more persons in the geographic area. For tabulations based on
sample estimates (e.g., per capita income), there must be 30 or more persons
in the geographic area.
Suppression of Family, Household, or Occupied Housing Characteristics.
Characteristics of families, households, or occupied housing units are shown
if there are five or more occupied housing units within the geographic area
tabulated.
Suppression of Owner or Renter Characteristics. Distributions of data for
owners or renters are shown when the number of owners is five or more and
the number of renters is also five or more.
Programming with Suppression
Suppressed data cells contain zeroes. To distinguish between zeroes as
suppression and zeroes as valid data, occurrences of suppression are
identified by a series of flag fields in the geographic identification
portion of each logical record. Programmers developing software should
include procedures to check these fields for the presence of suppression
and, if necessary, to flag the output of any cumulation which includes one
or more suppressed fields.
In reviewing the data dictionary, the programmer can determine which
suppression flags indicate suppression for particular items by checking
either the item description or the flag description.
DATA DICTIONARY (RECORD LAYOUT)
How to Use the Data Dictionary (Record Layout)
This computer-generated report documents the data contents and the record
layout of the file. Below is a brief description of the information
provided for each data item.
The first line of each data item description gives the name, size/scale,
begin position, and the variable label. Following those items, on
subsequent lines, are any applicable notes and value codes. Each of these
items is defined below.
1. Name. This is an arbitrarily assigned 8 character identifier. It
may be a mnemonic such as "STATE" or "EDNUMBER", or sequential
identifiers such as "SUPFLO1", "SUPFLO2", etc.
2. Size/Scale. The size of a data item is given in characters. The
scale of a data item is given in integer powers of 10. Implied
decimals or multipliers (in integer powers of ten only) are
indicated by a "-" or a "+" followed by a number. For example,
123.45 would appear on the data tape as 12345, and the size/scale
value would be 5/-2. A number recorded in thousands (12,345,000 for
example) would appear on the data tape as 12345 and the size/scale
value would be 5/+3. Scale factors which are not an integer power
of ten are identified in the notes following the label, and in the
footnotes.
3. Begin. This is the location in the data record of the first
character of the data item.
4. Data Type. The type "A" indicates that the data item is represented
by an alphabetic or numeric code; "N" indicates that an actual
figure is provided.
5. Description. Following the Data Type is a description of the data
item. This heading is not labeled on the data dictionary. This
section also provides any relevant notes or footnote references. In
addition, any value codes necessary for the data item are listed and
labeled here.
Note: Since the standard geographic identification format for 1980 census
summary tapes is used on the MARF 2 file, all geographic identifiers are
included in the MARF 2 data dictionary. However, the description indicates
if the identifier is not applicable to MARF 2.
Data Dictionary (Record Layout), MARF2 Data
Part 1
RECORD 01
SIZE/ DATA
NAME SCALE BEGIN TYPE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
FILEID 5 1 A
IDENTIFIER FOR SUMMARY FILE
MARF2 MASTER AREA REFERENCE FILE 2
RECTYP 4 6 A
IDENTIFIES MULTIPLE LOGICAL RECORD
FORMATS ON STF FILES.
IT IS BLANK IF ONLY ONE FORMAT IS PRESENT.
NOTE- NOT APPLICABLE TO MARF 2; FIELD IS
BLANK.
SUMRYLVL 2 10 A
IDENTIFIES GEOGRAPHIC LEVEL OF CURRENT
RECORD
01 UNITED STATES
02 REGION
03 DIVISION
04 STATE OR STATE EQUIVALENT
05 SCSA
06 SCSA/STATE
07 SMSA
08 SMSA/STATE
09 URBANIZED AREA
10 URBANIZED AREA/STATE
11 STATE/COUNTY OR COUNTY EQUIVALENT
12 STATE/COUNTY/MCD (CCD)
13 STATE/COUNTY/MCD (CCD)/PLACE
14 STATE/COUNTY/MCD (CCD)/PLACE/TRACT (BNA)
15 STATE/COUNTY/MCD (CCD)/PLACE/TRACT
(BNA)/BG
16 STATE/COUNTY/MCD (CCD)/PLACE/TRACT
(BNA)/ED
17 STATE/SMSA/COUNTY
18 STATE/SMSA/COUNTY/MCD (CCD)
19 STATE/SMSA/COUNTY/MCD (CCD)/PLACE
20 STATE/SMSA/COUNTY/MCD (CCD)/PLACE/TRACT
(BNA)
21 STATE/SMSA/COUNTY/MCD (CCD)/PLACE/TRACT
(BNA)/BLOCK
22 STATE/SMSA/COUNTY/MCD (CCD)/PLACE/TRACT
(BNA)/ED
23 STATE/SMSA/COUNTY/PLACE
24 STATE/SMSA/COUNTY/PLACE/TRACT (BNA)
25 STATE/SMSA/COUNTY/PLACE/TRACT (BNA)/BLOCK
26 STATE/SMSA/COUNTY/PLACE/TRACT (BNA)/ED
27 STATE/PLACE
28 STATE/MCD SEQUENCE NUMBER
29 INDIAN RESERVATION (ANY)
30 INDIAN RESERVATION/STATE
31 INDIAN RESERVATION (ANY)/STATE/COUNTY
32 STATE/SMSA/COUNTY/TRACT (BNA)
33 STATE/CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT (96th
CONGRESS)
34 COUNTY/CCD (STF 1E, NORTH DAKOTA ONLY)
35 5-DIGIT ZIP CODE WITHIN STATE
36 5-DIGIT ZIP CODE STATE/SMSA/COUNTY
37 STATE/CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT/COUNTY
38 STATE/CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT/PLACE
39 STATE/CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT/MCD
40 SCHOOL DISTRICT
41 SCHOOL DISTRICT/COUNTY
42 NEIGHBORHOOD PUBLICATION AREA
43 NEIGHBORHOOD
URBARURL 2 12 A
URBAN AND RURAL COMPONENT
THIS INDICATOR IS APPLICABLE TO SUMMARY
LEVELS 15 AND 16 ONLY.
NOTE- ONLY 01 and 08 ARE INDICATED ON
MARF 2.
00 NOT URBAN AND RURAL COMPONENT
01 URBAN
02 INSIDE URBANIZED AREAS
03 CENTRAL CITIES
04 URBAN FRINGE
05 OUTSIDE URBANIZED AREAS
06 PLACES OF 10,000 OR MORE
07 PLACES OF 2,500 TO 10,000
08 RURAL
09 PLACES OF 1,000 TO 2,500
10 OTHER RURAL
11 FARM
SMSACOM 2 14 A
INSIDE AND OUTSIDE SMSA'S COMPONENT
NOTE- NOT APPLICABLE TO MARF 2; FIELD IS
BLANK.
00 NOT INSIDE AND OUTSIDE SMSA COMPONENT
01 INSIDE SMSA'S
02 URBAN
03 CENTRAL CITIES
04 NOT IN CENTRAL CITIES
05 RURAL
06 OUTSIDE SMSA'S
07 URBAN
08 RURAL
Part 2
RECORD 01
SIZE/ DATA
NAME SCALE BEGIN TYPE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
RACESPAN 2 16 A
IDENTIFIES RACE/SPANISH ORIGIN GROUP
NOTE- NOT APPLICABLE TO MARF 2; FIELD IS
BLANK.
ANCESTRY 3 18 A
IDENTIFIES SPECIFIC ANCESTRY GROUP
NOTE- NOT APPLICABLE TO MARF 2; FIELD IS
BLANK.
BLOCKPT 1 21 A
BLOCKED PORTION INDICATOR
A BLANK INDICATES NOT APPLICABLE OR THE
TOTAL SUMMARY FOR A GEOGRAPHIC AREA WHICH
IS PARTIALLY BLOCKED.
NOTE- NOT APPLICABLE TO MARF 2; FIELD IS
BLANK.
1 THIS SUMMARY IS FOR THE BLOCKED PORTION
OF A GEOGRAPHIC AREA WHICH IS PARTIALLY
BLOCKED OR A TOTAL SUMMARY FOR A
GEOGRAPHIC AREA WHICH IS COMPLETELY
BLOCKED.
FSTATUS 1 22 A
FUNCTIONAL STATUS CODE
A ACTIVE GOVERNMENTAL UNIT RECOGNIZED FOR
REVENUE SHARING, EXCEPT SEMI-INDEPENDENT
PLACES, INDIAN RESERVATIONS, AND ALASKA
NATIVE VILLAGES.
B ACTIVE GOVERNMENTAL UNIT NOT RECOGNIZED
FOR REVENUE SHARING.
C SEMI-INDEPENDENCE PLACE
I INACTIVE GOVERNMENTAL UNIT
N NONFUNCTIONING GOVERNMENTAL UNIT
S STATISTICAL ENTITY
F FALSE ENTITY
R INDIAN RESERVATION OR ALASKA NATIVE
VILLAGE RECOGNIZED FOR REVENUE SHARING
Q INDIAN RESERVATION OR ALASKA NATIVE
VILLAGE NOT RECOGNIZED FOR REVENUE SHARING
FLAG1 1 23 A
SUBSTITUTION FLAG
FIELD IS BLANK IF LESS THAN 20 PERCENT OF
THE PERSONS OR YEAR-ROUND HOUSING UNITS
WERE SUBSTITUTED.
1 20 PERCENT OR MORE OF THE PERSONS OR
YEAR-ROUND HOUSING UNITS WERE SUBSTITUTED.
PARTCOU 1 24 A
COUNTY PART INDICATOR
CODE IS APPLICABLE TO NEW ENGLAND
SUMMARIES (SUMMARY LEVEL 11) ONLY.
THE FIELD WILL BE BLANK IF THE COUNTY IS
COMPLETELY INSIDE OR OUTSIDE ANY SMSA.
1 NEW ENGLAND COUNTY IS PARTIALLY INSIDE
ONE OR MORE SMSA'S.
FILLER1 6 25 A
FILLER
REGION 1 31 A
REGION CODE
0 PUERTO RICO
1 NORTHEAST
2 NORTH CENTRAL
3 SOUTH
4 WEST
DIVISION 1 32 A
DIVISION CODE
THE FIRST DIGIT OF THE GEOGRAPHIC STATE
CODE.
0 PUERTO RICO
1 NEW ENGLAND
2 MIDDLE ATLANTIC
3 EAST NORTH CENTRAL
4 WEST NORTH CENTRAL
5 SOUTH ATLANTIC
6 EAST SOUTH CENTRAL
7 WEST SOUTH CENTRAL
8 MOUNTAIN
9 PACIFIC
Part 3
RECORD 01
SIZE/ DATA
NAME SCALE BEGIN TYPE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATEGEO 2 32 A
GEOGRAPHIC STATE CODE
63 ALABAMA
94 ALASKA
86 ARIZONA
71 ARKANSAS
93 CALIFORNIA
84 COLORADO
16 CONNECTICUT
51 DELAWARE
53 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
59 FLORIDA
58 GEORGIA
95 HAWAII
82 IDAHO
33 ILLINOIS
32 INDIANA
42 IOWA
47 KANSAS
61 KENTUCKY
72 LOUISIANA
11 MAINE
52 MARYLAND
14 MASSACHUSETTS
34 MICHIGAN
41 MINNESOTA
64 MISSISSIPPI
43 MISSOURI
81 MONTANA
46 NEBRASKA
88 NEVADA
12 NEW HAMPSHIRE
22 NEW JERSEY
85 NEW MEXICO
21 NEW YORK
56 NORTH CAROLINA
44 NORTH DAKOTA
31 OHIO
73 OKLAHOMA
92 OREGON
23 PENNSYLVANIA
15 RHODE ISLAND
57 SOUTH CAROLINA
45 SOUTH DAKOTA
62 TENNESSEE
74 TEXAS
87 UTAH
13 VERMONT
54 VIRGINIA
91 WASHINGTON
55 WEST VIRGINIA
35 WISCONSIN
83 WYOMING
06 PUERTO RICO
STATE 2 34 A
FIPS STATE CODE
01 ALABAMA
02 ALASKA
04 ARIZONA
05 ARKANSAS
06 CALIFORNIA
08 COLORADO
09 CONNECTICUT
10 DELAWARE
11 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
12 FLORIDA
13 GEORGIA
15 HAWAII
16 IDAHO
17 ILLINOIS
18 INDIANA
19 IOWA
20 KANSAS
21 KENTUCKY
22 LOUISIANA
23 MAINE
24 MARYLAND
25 MASSACHUSETTS
26 MICHIGAN
27 MINNESOTA
28 MISSISSIPPI
29 MISSOURI
30 MONTANA
31 NEBRASKA
32 NEVADA
33 NEW HAMPSHIRE
34 NEW JERSEY
35 NEW MEXICO
36 NEW YORK
37 NORTH CAROLINA
38 NORTH DAKOTA
39 OHIO
40 OKLAHOMA
41 OREGON
42 PENNSYLVANIA
44 RHODE ISLAND
45 SOUTH CAROLINA
46 SOUTH DAKOTA
47 TENNESSEE
48 TEXAS
49 UTAH
50 VERMONT
51 VIRGINIA
53 WASHINGTON
54 WEST VIRGINIA
55 WISCONSIN
56 WYOMING
72 PUERTO RICO
Part 4
RECORD 01
SIZE/ DATA
NAME SCALE BEGIN TYPE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
SMSA 4 36 A
FIPS STANDARD METROPOLITAN
STATISTICAL AREA (SMSA) CODE
COUNTY 3 40 A
FIPS COUNTY CODE
MCD 3 43 A
MINOR CIVIL DIVISION/CENSUS
COUNTY DIVISION (MCD/CCD) CODE
PLACE 4 46 A
CENSUS GEOGRAPHIC PLACE CODE
9999 IN THIS FIELD INDICATES UNTRACTED
BALANCE OF HIGHER LEVEL ENTITY OUTSIDE OF
PLACE, E.G., REMAINDER OF MCD OR OF
COUNTY.
TRACT 6 50 A
CENSUS TRACT OR BLOCK NUMBERING AREA (BNA)
TRACT IS A FOUR-DIGIT BASIC CODE WITH
IMPLIED DECIMAL AND TWO-DIGIT SUFFIX.
999999 IN THIS FIELD INDICATES UNTRACTED
REMAINDER OF A HIGHER LEVEL ENTITY, E.G.,
REMAINDER OF MCD.
TRACT4 4 50 A
CENSUS TRACT OR BLOCK NUMBERING AREA (BNA)
FOUR-DIGIT BASIC CODE.
BNA SUMMARIES ARE NUMBERED BETWEEN 9901.
AND 9989.
TRACT2 2 54 A
CENSUS TRACT OR BLOCK NUMBERING AREA (BNA)
TWO-DIGIT SUFFIX CODE.
BLANK IF NOT USED.
BLKGRP 1 56 A
BLOCK GROUP (BG)
FIRST DIGIT OF BLOCK NUMBER
BLOCK 3 56 A
BLOCK
NOTE- NOT APPLICABLE TO MARF 2, EXCEPT
AS NOTED DIRECTLY ABOVE.
PARTPLAC 1 59 A
PLACE/PART INDICATOR
INDICATOR APPEARS ON RECORDS WHICH
CONTAIN DATA FOR A PART OF A PLACE.
0 NEITHER PLACE NOR PLACE SEGMENT RECORD.
1 SPLIT
2 NOT SPLIT
PARTTRCT 1 60 A
TRACT/PART INDICATOR
INDICATOR APPEARS ON RECORDS WHICH
CONTAIN DATA FOR PART OF A TRACT OR BNA.
0 NOT A TRACT OR TRACT SEGMENT RECORD.
1 SPLIT
2 NOT SPLIT
PARTBLK 1 61 A
BLOCK/PART INDICATOR
INDICATOR APPEARS ON RECORDS WHICH
CONTAIN DATA FOR A PART OF A BLOCK.
NOTE- NOT APPLICABLE TO MARF 2; FIELD IS
BLANK.
EDINO 1 62 A
ENUMERATION DISTRICT (ED)
INDICATOR PREFIX
FIELD IS BLANK IF ED IS NONE OF THOSE
LISTED BELOW.
A AND N ARE APPLICABLE
TO SUMMARY LEVEL 15;
M, P, S, AND V ARE APPLICABLE TO SUMMARY
LEVEL 16.
A HISTORIC AREAS OF OKLAHOMA (EXCLUDING
URBANIZED AREAS); DISREGARD ALL OTHER
AREAS.
M MILITARY RESERVATION
N AMERICAN INDIAN RESERVATION
P NATIONAL OR STATE PARK OR FOREST LANDS
S OTHER SPECIAL PLACE
V CREWS OF VESSELS
Part 5
RECORD 01
SIZE/ DATA
NAME SCALE BEGIN TYPE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
EDNUMBER 4 63 A
ENUMERATION DISTRICT (ED)
EDSUFFIX 1 67 A
ENUMERATION DISTRICT SUFFIX IF
APPLICABLE, CONTAINS AN ALPHABETIC
CHARACTER A-Z. OTHERWISE, SUFFIX WILL BE
BLANK.
SCSA 2 68 A
FIPS STANDARD CONSOLIDATED STATISTICAL
AREA (SCSA) CODE
URBAREA 4 70 A
URBANIZED AREA (UA) CODE
CONDIST 2 74 A
CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT (CD) CODE
00 FOR DISTRICTS OF THE 96TH U.S. CONGRESS
OUTLYING AREAS WHICH HAVE NO
REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS.
01 STATES HAVING ONE REPRESENTATIVE ("AT
LARGE" STATES).
98 AREAS WITH A NON-VOTING DELEGATE IN
CONGRESS.
99 AREAS SPLIT BY CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT
BOUNDARIES.
INDANV 3 76 A
INDIAN RESERVATION/ALASKA NATIVE VILLAGE
(ANV) CODE
MCDSEQNO 4 79 A
MCD SEQUENCE NUMBER
(AVAILABLE IN 11 STATES)
NOTE- NOT APPLICABLE TO MARF 2; FIELD IS
BLANK.
FILLER2 5 83 A
FILLER
WARD 2 88 A
WARD
AVAILABLE FOR APPROXIMATELY 190
PARTICIPATING LOCAL AREAS.
SEA 2 90 A
STATE ECONOMIC AREA (SEA)
FOR NONMETROPOLITAN SEA'S, A NUMERIC CODE
UNIQUE WITHIN STATE IS ASSIGNED; FOR
METROPOLITAN SEA'S, AN ALPHABETIC CODE
UNIQUE WITHIN STATE IS ASSIGNED.
ESR 3 92 A
ECONOMIC SUBREGION (ESR)
A GROUPING OF STATE ECONOMIC AREAS
DOFFICE 4 95 A
DISTRICT OFFICE
CODE IS "9999"
IF DATA FOR THIS SUMMARY WERE COLLECTED
FROM MORE THAN ONE DISTRICT OFFICE.
SEQID 4 99 A
SEQUENCE IDENTIFIER
FIRST TWO DIGITS (99-100)
IDENTIFY THE SEQUENCE OF THIS RECORD
SEGMENT AS A PART OF THE CENSUS LOGICAL
RECORD.
SECOND TWO DIGITS (101-102) IDENTIFY THE
TOTAL NUMBER OF RECORD SEGMENTS FOR EACH
CENSUS LOGICAL RECORD.
NOTE- NOT APPLICABLE TO MARF 2; FIELD IS
BLANK.
SMSASIZE 1 103 A
STANDARD METROPOLITAN
STATISTICAL AREA (SMSA)
SIZE CODE
ZERO OR BLANK IF NOT IN AN SMSA
1 UNDER 100,000
2 100,000-249,999
3 250,000-499,999
4 500,000-999,999
5 1,000,000-2,999,999
6 3,000,000-14,999,999
7 15,000,000 OR MORE
9 SPLIT BY SMSA BOUNDARY
UATYPE 1 104 A
URBANIZED AREA (UA) TYPE
BLANK IF NOT IN A UA
0 AREA IN UA WHERE LARGEST CENTRAL CITY HAS
LESS THAN 50,000 POPULATION.
1 AREA IN A UA WITH AT LEAST ONE CENTRAL
CITY THAT HAS A POPULATION OF 50,000 OR
MORE.
9 AREA IS SPLIT BY UA TYPE.
UASIZE 1 105 A
URBANIZED AREA (UA) SIZE
ZERO OR BLANK IF NOT IN A UA
1 UNDER 100,000
2 100,000-249,999
3 250,000-499,999
4 500,000-999,999
5 1,000,000-2,999,999
6 3,000,000-14,999,999
7 15,000,000 OR MORE
9 SPLIT BY SMSA BOUNDARY
PLACDESC 1 106 A
PLACE DESCRIPTION
1 INCORPORATED CENTRAL CITY OF SMSA NOT UA
2 INCORPORATED CENTRAL CITY OF UA NOT SMSA
3 INCORPORATED CENTRAL CITY OF SMSA AND UA
4 OTHER INCORPORATED PLACE
9 NOT PLACE; PART OF MCD/CCD
A CENSUS DESIGNATED PLACE, CENTRAL CITY OF
UA NOT SMSA
B CENSUS DESIGNATED PLACE, CENTRAL CITY OF
SMSA AND UA
C CENSUS DESIGNATED PLACE IN UA WITH
CENTRAL CITY OF 50,000 OR MORE
E CENSUS DESIGNATED PLACE COEXTENSIVE WITH
MCD OR COUNTY
F CENSUS DESIGNATED PLACE OF 1,000 OR MORE,
NOT IN A UA OR CDP IN UA WITH CENTRAL
CITY OF 50,000 OR LESS
CENSUS DESIGNATED PLACE IN UA WITH
CENTRAL CITY OF 50,000 OR LESS
G CENSUS DESIGNATED PLACE IN HAWAII AND
OUTLYING AREAS
H CENSUS DESIGNATED PLACE IN ALASKA
I ZONA URBANA IN PUERTO RICO
PLACESZE 2 107 A
PLACE SIZE
00 NOT IN A PLACE
01 UNDER 200
02 200-499
03 500-599
04 1,000-1,499
05 1,500-1,999
06 2,000-2,499
07 2,500-4,999
08 5,000-9,999
09 10,000-19,999
10 20,000-24,999
11 25,000-49,999
12 50,000-99,999
13 100,000-249,999
14 250,000-499,999
15 500,000-999,999
16 1,000,000 OR MORE
XCITY 1 109 A
EXTENDED CITY INDICATOR
A BLANK INDICATES NOT APPLICABLE OR
SUMMARY IS NOT A PLACE OR PART OF A PLACE
WHICH IS PARTIALLY URBAN AND PARTIALLY
RURAL.
X SUMMARY IS FOR A PLACE OR PART OF A PLACE
WHICH IS PARTIALLY URBAN AND PARTIALLY
RURAL.
CBD 1 110 A
CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT
FIELD IS BLANK IF AREA IS NOT IN A
CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT
C CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT
MCDCCDSZ Z 111 A
MINOR CIVIL DIVISION/CENSUS COUNTY
DIVISION
(MCD/CCD) SIZE
01 UNDER 200
02 200-499
03 500-599
04 1,000-1,499
05 1,500-1,999
06 2,000-2,499
07 2,500-4,999
08 5,000-9,999
09 10,000-19,999
10 20,000-24,999
11 25,000-49,999
12 50,000-99,999
13 100,000-249,999
14 250,000-499,999
15 500,000-999,999
16 1,000,000 OR MORE
INDSUBR 3 113 A
INDIAN SUBRESERVATION
FIPSPLAC 5 116 A
FIPS PLACE CODE
Part 6
RECORD 01
SIZE/ DATA
NAME SCALE BEGIN TYPE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
SFAR 2 121 A
STANDARD FEDERAL
ADMINISTRATIVE REGION (SFAR)
01 CONNECTICUT
MAINE
MASSACHUSETTS
NEW HAMPSHIRE
RHODE ISLAND
VERMONT
02 NEW JERSEY
NEW YORK
PUERTO RICO
VIRGIN ISLANDS
03 DELAWARE
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
MARYLAND
PENNSYLVANIA
VIRGINIA
WEST VIRGINIA
04 ALABAMA
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
KENTUCKY
MISSISSIPPI
NORTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
TENNESSEE
05 ILLINOIS
INDIANA
MICHIGAN
OHIO
WISCONSIN
06 ARKANSAS
LOUISIANA
NEW MEXICO
OKLAHOMA
TEXAS
07 IOWA
KANSAS
MISSOURI
NEBRASKA
08 COLORADO
MONTANA
NORTH DAKOTA
SOUTH DAKOTA
UTAH
WYOMING
09 ARIZONA
CALIFORNIA
GUAM
HAWAII
NEVADA
10 ALASKA
IDAHO
OREGON
WASHINGTON
LONGITUD 7/-4 123 N
LONGITUDE COORDINATE OF POPULATION
CENTROID (TO 4 DECIMALS)
NOTE- TRACTS AND PLACES SPLIT BY HIGHER
GEOGRAPHIC LEVELS HAVE A SEPARATE
MEASUREMENT FOR EACH TRACT/PLACE PART.
*CENTROID COORDINATES ARE NOT PROVIDED
FOR THE TOTALS OF SPLIT TRACTS AND PLACES.
DECIMAL POINT IS NOT SHOWN.
LATITUDE 6/-4 130 N
LATITUDE COORDINATE OF POPULATION
CENTROID (TO 4 DECIMALS)
NOTE- TRACTS AND PLACES SPLIT BY HIGHER
GEOGRAPHIC LEVELS HAVE A SEPARATE
MEASUREMENT FOR EACH TRACT/PLACE PART.
*CENTROID COORDINATES ARE NOT PROVIDED
FOR THE TOTALS OF SPLIT TRACTS AND PLACES.
DECIMAL POINT IS NOT SHOWN.
LANDAREA 9/-2 136 N
LAND AREA (SQUARE MILES TO THE NEAREST
HUNDREDTH)
NOTE- LAND AREA IS PROVIDED FOR
GEOGRAPHIC LEVELS DOWN TO PLACES OF 2,500
INHABITANTS OR MORE AND MCD'S WITH A
POPULATION OF 2,500 INHABITANTS OR MORE
IN 11 SELECTED STATES.
PLACES SPLIT BY HIGHER LEVELS OF
GEOGRAPHY WILL NOT HAVE A SEPARATE
MEASUREMENT FOR EACH PART; LAND AREA IS
PROVIDED FOR THE TOTAL PLACE ONLY
(SUMMARY LEVEL 27).
DECIMAL POINT IS SHOWN.
AREANAME 60 145 A
AREA NAME
Part 7
RECORD 01
SIZE/ DATA
NAME SCALE BEGIN TYPE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUPFLGO1 1 205 A
TOTAL POPULATION
SUPPRESSION FLAG
A 1 IN THIS FIELD INDICATES SUPPRESSION
BECAUSE THERE ARE 1-14 PERSONS IN THE
GEOGRAPHIC AREA BEING SUMMARIZED. IT
WILL AFFECT THE FOLLOWING ITEM:
NUMBER OF PERSONS IN GROUP QUARTERS
(GROUPQ)
0 NO SUPPRESSION
1 SUPPRESSION
FILLER3 8 206 A
FILLER
SUPFLGO2 1 214 A
OCCUPIED HOUSING UNIT
SUPPRESSION FLAG
A 1 IN THIS FIELD INDICATES SUPPRESSION
BECAUSE THERE ARE 1-4 OCCUPIED HOUSING
UNITS IN THE GEOGRAPHIC AREA BEING
SUMMARIZED. THIS AFFECTS THE FOLLOWING
ITEMS:
NUMBER OF FAMILIES (FAMILIES)
NUMBER OF ONE-PERSON HOUSEHOLDS (ONEPERHH)
NUMBER OF OWNER-OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS
(OWNROCHU)
0 NO SUPPRESSION
1 SUPPRESSION
FILLER4 25 215 A
FILLER
SUPFLGO3 1 240 A
PER CAPITA INCOME
SUPPRESSION FLAG
A 1 IN THIS FIELD INDICATES SUPPRESSION
BECAUSE THERE ARE 1-29 PERSONS IN THE
GEOGRAPHIC AREA BEING SUMMARIZED. IT
WILL AFFECT THE FOLLOWING ITEM:
PER CAPITA INCOME (PCI)
0 NO SUPPRESSION
1 SUPPRESSION
PCI 12 241 N
PER CAPITA INCOME
(SAMPLE ESTIMATE)
SUPPRESSION FLAG 03 APPLIES
NEGATIVE NUMBERS MAY APPEAR IN THIS FIELD.
CELLS WITH NEGATIVE INCOME WILL HAVE A
"-" IN THE LEFTMOST POSITION, FOLLOWED BY
LEADING ZEROS.
TOTALPOP 9 253 N
TOTAL POPULATION
WHITE 9 262 N
WHITE POPULATION
BLACK 9 271 N
BLACK POPULATION
INDIAN 9 280 N
AMERICAN INDIAN, ESKIMO, AND ALEUT
POPULATION
ASIANPI 9 289 N
ASIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDER POPULATION
(SEE FOOTNOTE 1).
OTHER 9 298 N
OTHER RACES POPULATION
(SEE FOOTNOTE 2).
SPANISH 9 307 N
PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN POPULATION
(SEE FOOTNOTE 3).
FAMILIES 9 316 N
NUMBER OF FAMILIES
SUPPRESSION FLAG 02 APPLIES
GROUPQ 9 325 N
NUMBER OF PERSONS IN GROUP QUARTERS
SUPPRESSION FLAG 01 APPLIES
ONEPERHH 9 334 N
NUMBER OF ONE PERSON HOUSEHOLDS
SUPPRESSION FLAG 02 APPLIES
HUNITS 9 343 N
TOTAL NUMBER OF HOUSING UNITS
OCHUNITS 9 352 N
NUMBER OF OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS
OWNROCHU 9 361 N
NUMBER OF OWNER OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS
SUPPRESSION FLAG 02 APPLIES
SAMPLPOP 9 370 N
TOTAL POPULATION
(SAMPLE ESTIMATE)
SAMPLEHU 9 379 N
TOTAL NUMBER OF HOUSING UNITS
(SAMPLE ESTIMATE)
FILLER5 3 388
FILLER
FOOTNOTE Section of Data Dictionary
01 "ASIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDER," IN THE 100-PERCENT
TABULATIONS, INCLUDES "JAPANESE," "CHINESE,"
"FILIPINO," "KOREAN," "ASIAN INDIAN,"
"VIETNAMESE," "HAWAIIAN," "GUAMANIAN," AND
"SAMOAN."
"ASIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDER," IN SAMPLE
TABULATIONS, INCLUDES THE GROUPS LISTED ABOVE AND
THOSE PERSONS WHO HAVE A WRITE-IN ENTRY OF AN
ASIAN OR PACIFIC ISLANDER GROUP IN THE "OTHER"
CATEGORY.
02 FOR DATA TABULATED ON A 100-PERCENT BASIS, INCLUDES
ALL PERSONS IN THE CATEGORY "OTHER." FOR DATA
TABULATED FROM THE SAMPLE, EXCLUDES THOSE PERSONS
WHO HAVE A WRITE-IN ENTRY OF AN ASIAN OR PACIFIC
ISLANDER GROUP IN THE "OTHER" CATEGORY.
03 PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN MAY BE OF ANY RACE.
SPANISH ORIGIN INCLUDES MEXICAN, PUERTO RICAN,
CUBAN, AND OTHER SPANISH.
BUREAU OF CENSUS PRODUCT REVIEW
Summary Tape Files
Computer-readable data from the 1980 census include both summary data and
microdata. Summary data include Summary Tape Files (STF's) 1 to 5, which
are generally comparable to the First Count through Sixth Count files from
the 1970 census. In addition to the files in the STF series, other summary
data released by the Bureau include a P.L. 94-171 Population Counts file
used in reapportionment/redistricting, the Master Area Reference file which
provides geographic items from STF 1 and selected population and housing
items, and the Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Special File containing
two tables, one on detailed occupation by sex and another on years of school
completed by age and sex. All of these files contain data summarized to
various levels of geography. Microdata files, on the other hand, contain
disclosure-free household and person records from the census. These are
similar to the 1970 census public use sample files.
Summary Tape Files vary by level of geography, detail of information, and
whether they include 100-percent or sample data. STF's 1 and 2 provide data
based on the set of census questions asked of all persons and housing
units. STF's 3, 4, and 5 contain sample data or estimates based on the
responses of a sample of population and housing units. In 1980, the
sampling rate was 1 in 2 in governmental units estimated to have less than
2,500 inhabitants and 1 in 6 elsewhere. Overall, the sampling rate was
approximately 1 in 5. The bureau's 1977 population estimates were used to
determine the sampling rate for a given area.
STF 1 provides the maximum possible geographic detail available from the
census: data for individual blocks in block-numbered areas and for
enumeration districts outside block-numbered areas. The lowest level of
geography provided by STF 2 is the census tract, or minor civil
division/census county division (MCD/CCD) and places of 1,000 or more
inhabitants in nontracted areas. The lowest level for STF 3 is the block
group or enumeration district, while the smallest geographic unit for STF 4
is the census tract, or MCD/CCD and places of 2,500 or more inhabitants in
nontracted areas. STF 5 contains summaries for States, standard
metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's), SMSA central cities, other places
of 50,000 or more inhabitants, and counties of 50,000 or more inhabitants.
STF's 1 to 5 each consist of multiple files, each file featuring specific
levels of geography. Figure 3 details the geographic levels on each STF.
For comparison purposes, STF 1 is similar in subject matter and geographic
detail to the First and Third Count files for 1970. STF's 2 and 4 are
roughly comparable to the 1970 Second and Fourth Counts, respectively. STF
3 is comparable to the 1970 Fifth Count, while STF 5 corresponds to the 1970
Sixth Count.
Figure 3 (STF1-3)
FIGURE 3
OVERVIEW OF PLANNED SUMMARY LEVELS
FOR 1980 CENSUS SUMMARY TAPE FILES
STF 1 STF 2 STF 3
SUMMAREA 1/ 2/ 100 Percent 100 Percent Sample
A B C D E F G A B C A B C D F G
United States...................... * * *
Region............................. * * *
Division........................... * * *
State.............................. * * * * * * * * * * * *
SCSA............................... * * *
SCSA within State.................. * * * *
SMSA............................... * * *
SMSA within State.................. * * * * * *
Urbanized Area..................... * * *
Urbanized Area within State........ * * * *
County within State................ * * * * * * * *
MCD (CCD) within County
within State..................... * * *
ED or BG within Tract (BMA)
within Place within MCD (CCD)
within County within State....... * *
County within SMSA
within State..................... * *
ED or Block within Tract (BMA)
within Tract (BMA) within
Place within MCD (CCD) within
County within SMSA within
State............................ *
Tract (BMA) within Place
within County within SMSA
within State..................... * *
ED or Block within Tract (BMA)
within Place within County
within SMSA within State......... *
Place within State................. * * * * * *
MCD (CCD) within State * *
Indian Reservation and
Alaskan Native Village........... *
Indian Reservation and
Alaskan Native Village
within County within
State............................ * *
Tract within County
within SMSA within State......... *
Congressional Districts
within State of the 97th
Congress......................... * * * *
Congressional Districts
within State of the 98th
Congress......................... *
ZIP code (5-digit) within
State............................ *
ZIP code (5-digit) within
County within SMSA within
State............................ *
County or Place or MCD within
Congressional District within
State............................ * *
North Dakota CCD within County..... *
School District.................... * *
County within School District...... * *
Neighborhood Publication Area...... * *
Neighborhood within
Neighborhood Publication Area.... * *
Figure 3 (STF 4-5, Summary)
OVERVIEW OF PLANNED SUMMARY LEVELS
FOR 1980 CENSUS SUMMARY TAPE FILES
STF 4 STF 5 Summary
SUMMAREA 1/ 2/ Sample Sample Level
A B C A C Codes 3/
United States...................... * * 01
Region............................. * * 02
Division........................... * * 03
State.............................. * * * * 04
SCSA............................... * * 05
SCSA within State.................. * * 06
SMSA............................... * * 07
SMSA within State.................. * * * * 08
Urbanized Area..................... * 09
Urbanized Area within State........ * * 10
County within State................ * * * 11
MCD (CCD) within County
within State..................... * 12
ED or BG within Tract (BMA)
within Place within MCD (CCD) 13, 14,
within County within State....... 15, & 16
County within SMSA
within State..................... * 17
ED or Block within Tract (BMA)
within Tract (BMA) within
Place within MCD (CCD) within
County within SMSA within 18,19,20,
State............................ 21, & 22
Tract (BMA) within Place
within County within SMSA
within State..................... * 23 & 24
ED or Block within Tract (BMA)
within Place within County
within SMSA within State......... 25 & 26
Place within State................. * * * 27
MCD (CCD) within State............. * 28
Indian Reservation and
Alaskan Native Village........... * 29
Indian Reservation and
Alaskan Native Village
within County within
State............................ * * 30 & 31
Tract within County
within SMSA within State......... * 32
Congressional Districts
within State of the 97th
Congress.........................$ 33
Congressional Districts
within State of the 98th
Congress......................... 33
ZIP code (5-digit) within
State............................ 35
ZIP code (5-digit) within
County within SMSA within
State............................ 36
County or Place or MCD within
Congressional District within
State............................ 37,38 & 39
North Dakota CCD within County..... 34
School District.................... 40
County within School District...... 41
Neighborhood Publication Area...... 42
Neighborhood within
Neighborhood Publication Area.... 43
Footnotes to Figure 3
1/ In addition to summary areas presented on the Summary Tape Files,
geographic area codes are included for areas such as Ward, State
Economic Area, District Office, Indian Subreservation, and Standard
Federal Administrative Region.
2/ Population size cutoffs for the presentation of Place level data in the
STF's are as follows:
STF 1A all places STF 3A all places
STF 1B all places STF 3B All 5-digit zip code areas
STF 1C 10,000 or more STF 3C 10,000 or more
STF 1D 10,000 or more
STF 2A 10,000 or more STF 4A 10,000 or more
STF 2B 1,000 or more STF 4B 2,500 or more
STF 2C 10,000 or more STF 4C 10,000 or more
STF 5 50,000 or more
3/ Multiple summary level codes for a Summary Area indicate a series of
very similar summary levels which are presented in identical STF files.
A specific listing is shown below of summary levels which are grouped
together from the chart. (A slash mark "/" is used to indicate
"within.")
Grouping 13, 14, 15, and 16:
13. Place/MCD (CCD)/County/State
14. Tract (BNA)/Place/MCD (CCD)/County/State
15. BG/Tract (BNA)/Place/MCD (CCD)/County/State
16. ED/Tract/Place/MCD (CCD)/County/State
Grouping 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22:
18. MCD (CCD)/County/SMSA/Stat
19. Place/MCD (CCD)/County/SMSA/State
20. Tract (BNA)/Place/MCD (CCD)/County/SMSA/State
21. Block/Tract (BNA)/Place/MCD (CCD)/County/SMSA/State
22. ED/Tract/Place/MCD (CCD)/County/SMSA/State
Grouping 23 and 24:
23. Place/County/SMSA/State
24. Tract (BNA)/Place/County/SMSA/State
Grouping 25 and 26:
25. Block/Tract (BNA)/Place/County/SMSA/State
26. ED/Tract/Place/County/SMSA/State
Grouping 30 and 31:
30. Indian Reservations and Alaska Native villages by State
31. Indian Reservations by County within State
Grouping 37, 38, and 39:
37. County/Congressional District/State
38. Place/Congressional District/State
39. MCD/Congressional District/State
To summarize, STF's 1 and 2 contain complete-count data, while STF's 3, 4
and 5 contain sample estimates. STF 1 contains more detailed geography but
less subject matter detail than STF 2. Similarly, STF 3 contains more
detailed geography but less subject matter detail than STF 4. Finally, STF
5 contains very detailed cross-tabulations of population and housing
characteristics aggregated to a higher level of geography than the other
files.
1980 CENSUS MAPS
Introduction
Users may need certain types of maps for the geographic areas they are
extracting from the files. To determine which maps best define the
different geographic areas, compare the geographic coverage of each file
(see Appendix A) with the description of each type of 1980 census map (see
below).
There are five basic map types used in conjunction with the summary tape
files: county maps, place maps, place-and-vicinity maps, American Indian
reservation maps, and Metropolitan Map Series (MMS) or Vicinity Map Series
(VMS). Ordering information for these maps may be obtained from Data User
Services Division, Customer Services (Maps), Bureau of the Census,
Washington, D.C. 20233.
All five map types have several characteristics in common:
--To improve legibility, most 1980 maps are at a larger scale than
were the comparable 1970 maps.
--Symbols used for the various boundaries are consistent for all
five types of maps.
--Names, identifying numbers, and boundaries are shown where
appropriate on all maps for counties and equivalent entities, minor
civil divisions (MCD's) or census county divisions (CCD's), places,
American Indian reservations and Alaska Native villages, census
tracts or block numbering areas (BNA's) where present, enumeration
districts (ED's) (in those areas which are not block numbered), and
blocks.
--All maps show metric, feet, and mile scales.
--All maps containing block-numbered areas are available from the
U.S. Government Printing Office.
The following paragraphs present a brief description of each type of census
map.
County Maps
County maps are the backbone of the Bureau's map coverage.
Theoretically, with a complete set of these maps the overall picture of the
census geographic framework for the entire United States and its possessions
is shown. Most maps in the county series are at a scale of 1 inch:1 mile.
Most county maps are created by superimposing boundaries for most areas for
which data are tabulated on base maps supplied by State transportation or
highway departments. There are approximately 5,500 county map sheets for
1980. The following geographic area boundaries are defined on county maps
where appropriate: State, county, minor civil divisions (MCD's) or census
county divisions (CCD's), places, American Indian reservations, census
tracts or block numbering areas (BNA's), and enumeration districts (ED's) or
numbered blocks. In addition, the locations of Alaska Native villages are
indicated. Counties which are totally covered by Metropolitan Map Sheets
(MMS) do not have separate county maps.
Place Maps
For places not covered on MMS or VMS sheets where most of the
development is contained within the corporate limits of a municipality or
within the boundaries established for a census designated place (CDP), the
Bureau uses place maps. The scale of the place maps varies from place to
place. As with the county maps, most are created by superimposing
boundaries for most areas for which data are tabulated on base maps supplied
by local or State governments. On the county map, shading is added to
indicate the area covered by the place map; i.e., the place map is regarded
as an inset to the county map. There are about 11,800 place map sheets for
1980. The geographic area boundaries defined on place maps are the same as
for county maps.
Place-and-Vicinity Maps
For places not covered on MMS or VMS sheets which
have areas of development outside the corporate limits of a municipality or
outside the boundaries established for a CDP, the Bureau uses
place-and-vicinity maps. Also included in this category are maps of places
which have parcels of land that are not part of the city but are completely
surrounded by the city and where two or more places appear on the same map
sheet. In all other respects, place-and-vicinity maps have the same
characteristics as place maps. As with the place maps, all area covered by
the place-and-vicinity map is shaded on the county map and the
place-and-vicinity map is considered to be an inset to the county map.
There are about 4,500 place-and-vicinity map sheets for 1980. The
geographic area boundaries defined on these maps are the same as those
specified for the county maps.
Indian Reservation Maps
The Census Bureau developed separate maps for 20
American Indian reservations which could not be depicted adequately on
county Maps; these maps are similar in format to county maps. There are
approximately 100 American Indian reservation maps and these maps are
special insets to the county maps. The geographic area boundaries defined
on these maps are the same as those specified for the county maps.
Metropolitan Map Series/Vicinity Map Series (MMS/VMS)
For the Nation's major built-up areas, the Bureau has developed its own maps
to provide uniform coverage of the densely settled portions of the counties
involved. these maps are referred to as the Metropolitan Map Series (MMS)
when the maps cover SMSA counties and as the Vicinity Map Series (VMS) when
the maps cover areas which are not in an SMSA. The predominant scale for the
MMS and VMS is 1 inch:1,600 feet. In selected areas with very dense
development, some sheets are at 1 inch:800 feet; conversely, some sparsely
settled areas are mapped at 1 inch:3,200 feet. The MMS and VMS are
considered to be insets to the county maps and the areas covered by MMS and
VMS are shaded on county maps. There are about 10,400 MMS and VMS sheets for
1980. (In a few instances, these map sheets entirely cover a county, in
which case no separate county map exists.) The geographic area boundaries
defined on the MMS are the same as those specified for county maps, but also
include urbanized areas.
In addition to the five types of "outline" maps described above, there are a
number of maps that are prepared and published as part of the various report
series. As was the case with the maps previously described, the maps
included in the printed reports share common characteristics. Both metric
and mile scales are shown. Map scale and content are similar to 1970 except
where noted below; however, presentation has been improved to make the maps
more readable and consistent from series to series.
The County Subdivision Map Series consists of at least one map page for each
State showing the names and boundaries for the State, each component county
or equivalent entity, minor civil divisions (MCD's) or census county
divisions (CCD's), and all places, both incorporated and census designated.
For most States, the scale of the maps requires that they be presented in
sections. For 1980, the boundaries (not just the locations) of places with
fewer than 2,500 inhabitants are shown for the first time. In addition, the
name(s) of adjoining State(s) are shown along with a mark to indicate where
the State boundaries intersect. These maps, which are based on the State
base maps of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Mapping Program
appear in PC80-1-A. Single-sheet versions of the county subdivision map
series are published at the USGS scale of 1:500,000 (1 inch equals about 8
miles) for most States except Alaska and the outlying areas, and may be
fitted together to form multi-State maps. For those States in which
American Indian reservations or Alaska Native villages are located, a
special version of the county subdivision map showing these entities appears
in PC80-1-B and HC80-1-A.
The Urbanized Area Outline Map Series consists of one or more map sheets for
each urbanized area (UA) defined on the basis of 1980 census results. The
names and boundaries of all States, counties, MCD's/CCD's, and places on
each map are shown, plus the extent of territory defined as "urbanized."
These maps appear in PC80-1-A and HC80-1-A. In 1980, the report for each
State containing part of a multi-State UA includes the map for the entire UA.
The State SCSA/SMSA Map Series shows county names and boundaries, names and
locations of all places with a population of 25,000 or more or designated as
the central city of an SMSA, and names and boundaries of standard
consolidated statistical areas (SCSA's) and standard metropolitan
statistical areas (SMSA's) in the State. For 1980, the name of the capital
of the State is underlined. These maps appear in PC80-1-A, B, C, D;
HC80-1-A, B; and HC80-2.
The Census Tract Outline Map Series covers each of the areas for which
tracts have been defined in 1980. These maps show the boundaries and code
identification number for each tract; the names of streets or other features
used as census tract boundaries; and the names and boundaries for counties,
MCD/CCD's, and all places (not just those over 25,000 as in 1970). Street
detail within the tracts is not shown. Separate insets of larger scale than
the base maps are included for densely developed areas; however, fewer
insets are used than in 1970. Scale varies from map to map. For 1980,
tract outline maps were prepared for tracted counties outside SMSA's. These
maps are published in PHC80-2 Census Tracts (Maps) and should appear
slightly ahead of the printed reports, PHC80-2 Census Tracts.
Map sets were printed for all block-numbered areas, grouped by SMSA and the
nonSMSA remainder of each State. In addition to printed copies of the
county, place, place-and-vicinity, and Metropolitan Map Series/Vicinity Map
Series (MMS/VMS) sheets having block-numbered areas, there is an index map
depicting the extent of the block-numbered area for the SMSA and State. The
SMSA Index to Block-Numbered Areas Maps show the extent of the SMSA; county,
MCD/CCD, and place names and boundaries; and the extent of block-numbered
area within the SMSA shown by means of shading. The State Index to
Block-Numbered Areas Maps were prepared by superimposing the extent of all
block-numbered areas in the State over the county subdivision map. This
index map also shows the boundaries of the SMSA(s) in the State so that the
reader can determine whether the data for any block-numbered area in the
State are available with the SMSA tabulations or the remainder-of-State
tabulations.
SAMPLING AN NONSAMPLING ERRORS
Certain numbers in this file (per capita income, estimates of total persons
and housing units) are based on a sample of questionnaire responses. These
data are estimates of the actual figures that would have resulted from a
complete count and can be expected to vary from the complete-count result.
These estimates contain some amount of chance error and are subject to
sampling variability as well as nonsampling error. A detailed discussion of
the 1980 census sample design and of the sample variability of these
estimates may be found in Appendix D of any PC80-1-C report, General Social
and Economic Characteristics of the Population. In general, sample
estimates of total population and housing units will differ from the
corresponding complete census counts for geographic areas not composed of
entire counties. When summed to the county level, however, these counts
should agree.
The remaining 1980 census population and housing counts shown in this file
were tabulated from the entries for persons on all questionnaires, these
counts are not subject to sampling error. However, in any large-scale
statistical operation such as a decennial census, human and mechanical
errors do occur. These errors are commonly referred to as nonsampling
errors. Such errors include failure to include every household or person in
the universe, not obtaining all required information from respondents,
obtaining incorrect or inconsistent information, and recording information
incorrectly. Errors can also occur during the field review of the
enumerators' work, the clerical handling of the census questionnaires, or
the electronic processing of the questionnaires.
In an attempt to reduce various types of nonsampling errors in the 1980
census, a number of techniques were introduced on the basis of experience in
previous censuses and in tests conducted prior to the census. These quality
control and review measures were utilized throughout the data collection and
processing phases of the census to reduce undercoverage of the population
and housing units and to keep the errors at a minimum. As was done after
the 1950, 1960, and 1970 censuses, there were programs at the conclusion of
the 1980 census to measure various aspects of the quality achieved in the
census. Reports on many aspects of the 1980 census evaluation program will
be published as soon as the appropriate data are accumulated and analyzed.
A major component of the evaluation work is to ascertain, insofar as
possible, the degree of completeness of the count of persons and housing
units. The Census Bureau has estimated that the 1970 census did not count
2.5 percent of the population. For 1980, the Census Bureau's extensive
evaluation program encompassed a number of different approaches to the task
of estimating the coverage of the census. Although these studies have not
been completed, at the time of this file's release, preliminary estimates
indicate that the rate of undercoverage in the 1980 census was reduced from
1970 census levels.
EDITING AND ALLOCATION OF DATA ITEMS
The objective of the census processing operation is to produce a set of
statistics that describes the population as accurately and clearly as
possible. To meet this objective, certain unacceptable entries and blank
items were edited.
Editing. In the field, questionnaires were reviewed for omissions and
certain inconsistencies by a census clerk or an enumerator and, if
necessary, a followup was made for missing information. In addition, a
similar review of questionnaires was done in the central processing
offices. As a rule, however, editing was performed by hand only when it
could not be done effectively by machine.
As one of the first steps in computerized editing, the configuration of
marks on the questionnaire column was scanned electronically to determine
whether it contained information for a person or merely spurious marks. If
the column contained entries for at least two of the basic characteristics
(relationship, sex, race, age, marital status, Spanish origin), the
inference was made that the marks represented a person. In cases in which
two or more basic characteristics were available for only a portion of the
people in the unit, other information on the questionnaire provided by an
enumerator was used to determine the total number of persons. Names were
not used as a criterion of the presence of a person because the electronic
scanning was unable to distinguish an entry in the name space.
Allocation. Allocations, or assignments of acceptable codes in place of
unacceptable entries, are needed most often when an entry for a given item
is lacking or when the information reported for a person or housing unit on
that item is inconsistent with other information for the person or housing
unit. The usefulness of the data is considered to be enhanced through the
assignment of acceptable codes in place of blanks or unacceptable entries.
For housing data, the assignment is based on related information reported
for the housing unit or on information reported for a similar unit in the
immediate neighborhood. For example, if tenure for an occupied unit is
omitted but a rental amount is reported for that unit, the computer edits
tenure to "rented for cash rent." On the other hand, if the unit is
reported as rented but the amount of rent is missing, the computer assigns
the rent from the preceding renter-occupied unit that had a rental amount
reported.
The general procedure for changing unacceptable population entries is to
assign an entry for a person that is consistent with entries for other
persons with similar characteristics. Thus, a person who is reported as a
20-year old son of the householder but for whom marital status is not
reported, is assigned the same marital status as that of the last son
processed in the same age group. The allocation technique may be
illustrated by the procedure used in the assignment for an unknown age. The
process is carried out in the following steps:
1. The computer stores reported ages of persons by selected
characteristics, including sex, relationship, marital status, and
characteristics of other household members.
2. Each stored age is retained in the computer only until a person
having the same set of characteristics and with age reported is
processed through the computer in the edit operation. Then the age
of this succeeding person is substituted for the age previously
stored.
3. When a person processed has no report of age, or the entry is
unacceptable, the age assigned to him or her is that which was
stored for the last person who otherwise has the same set of
characteristics.
Substitution. The editing process also includes another type of correction,
namely the assignment of a full set of characteristics for a person or a
housing unit. The assignment of the full set of housing characteristics
occurs when there is no housing information available. If the housing unit
is determined to be occupied, the housing characteristics are assigned from
the previously processed occupied units. If the housing unit is vacant, the
housing characteristics are assigned from the previously processed vacant
unit.
The assignment of a full set of characteristics for a person in a household
containing no information for all or most of the people, although persons
were known to be present, is done in the following manner. A previously
processed household is selected as a substitute and the full set of
population characteristics for each substituted person is duplicated. These
duplications fall into two classes: (1) "persons substituted due to
noninterview," e.g., a housing unit indicated as occupied but the occupants
are not listed on the questionnaire, and (2) "persons substituted due to
mechanical failure," e.g., where the questionnaire page on which persons are
listed was not properly microfilmed.
The editing process ensures that the distribution of characteristics for
persons and housing units assigned by the computer corresponds closely to
the distribution of characteristics for persons and housing units actually
reported in the census. Before the advent of the computer, this type of
process was not feasible and the distribution of characteristics to be used
for assignment purposes was drawn from the preceding census or another
source.
Specific tolerances are established for the number of computer allocations
and substitutions that are permitted. If the number of corrections is
beyond tolerance, the questionnaires in which the errors occurred are
clerically reviewed. If it is found that the errors resulted from damaged
questionnaires, from improper microfilming, from faulty reading by FOSDIC
(Film Optical Sensing Device for Input to Computers) of undamaged
questionnaires, or from other types of machine failure, the questionnaires
are reprocessed.
GLOSSARY
Introduction
Concept Definitions
The following definitions were taken from the 1980 Census of Population and
Housing Users' Guide. Since the items described here are only those which
appear in MARF 2, there may be references to other terms which are not
defined in this glossary. A complete glossary is available in the Users'
Guide.
A-B
ALASKA NATIVE VILLAGES. Alaska Native villages constitute tribes, bands,
clans, groups, villages, communities, or associations in Alaska which were
listed in sections 11 and 16 of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act,
Public Law 92-203, or which met the requirements of the Act and which the
Secretary of Interior determined were, on the 1970 census enumeration date
(April 1), composed of 25 or more Alaska Natives. This list was reviewed
and updated for the Census Bureau by the State of Alaska prior to the 1980
census, to specifically identify only those entities that were legally
recognized as Alaska Native villages.
Data summaries for Alaska Native villages are included in STF's 2B, 2C, 4B,
and 4C, and reports PC80-1-B and -C and HC80-1-A and -B. Population and
housing counts for Alaska Native villages are scheduled to be included in a
supplementary report (PC80-S1 series). In addition, a population subject
report (PC80-2 series), featuring additional data on Alaska Native villages
is also planned. Data for each Alaska Native village can be derived from
MARF, MARF 2, STF 1A, and STF 3A by identifying the component ED(s), and
summarizing the data should multiple ED's be involved. (NOTE- Eklutna
Native Village is in a blocked area; therefore, data can be derived from
block group (BG) summaries for the village.) Each Alaska Native village has
been assigned a unique 3-digit code by the Bureau which appears in the
reservation code field.
Alaska Native villages will be identified on the Alaska subdivision maps in
the PC80-1-B and HC80-1-A reports. Alaska Native villages are also shown on
Metropolitan Map Series, place, and county maps. It should be noted that
Alaska Native villages do not have boundaries that are defined by legal
descriptions, and therefore the boundaries shown on the census maps are only
indicative of the approximate extent of a village; for those that correspond
to a city or census designated place, the limits of such places are
construed to coincide with the extent of the Alaska Native village.
Historical comparability: Data are not available from previous censuses for
Alaska Native villages. Some cities and "unincorporated places" (referred
to as "census designated places" in 1980) which were identified in the 1970
census may correspond to 1980 Alaska Native villages, but may not have
identical boundaries.
FIGURE 4
-------------------- MCD STATES -------------------
(4)
(1) (2) (3) DATA PUBLISHED
CCD PRINCIPAL, MCD'S MAY SPLIT FOR MCD's,
UNITED STATES STATE TYPE OF MCD BLOCKS 1/ AS FOR PLACES 2/
ALABAMA X
ALASKA 3/ Census subarea
ARIZONA X
ARKANSAS Township
CALIFORNIA X
COLORADO X
CONNECTICUT Town X X
DELAWARE X
DIST. OF COLUMBIA Quadrant
FLORIDA X
GEORGIA X
HAWAII X
IDAHO X
ILLINOIS Township X
INDIANA Township X
IOWA Township
KANSAS Township X
KENTUCKY X
LOUISIANA Policy jury ward
MAINE Town X X
MARYLAND Election
district
MASSACHUSETTS Town X X
MICHIGAN Township X X
MINNESOTA Township X
MISSISSIPPI Superv.
district
MISSOURI Township X
MONTANA X
NEBRASKA Township X
NEVADA Township
NEW HAMPSHIRE Town X X
NEW JERSEY Township X X
NEW MEXICO X
NEW YORK Town X X
NORTH CAROLINA Township
NORTH DAKOTA Township X
OHIO Township X
OKLAHOMA X
OREGON X
PENNSYLVANIA Township X X
RHODE ISLAND Town X X
SOUTH CAROLINA X
SOUTH DAKOTA Township X
TENNESSEE X
TEXAS X
UTAH X
VERMONT Town X X
VIRGINIA Magisterial
dist.
WASHINGTON X
WEST VIRGINIA Magisterial
dist.
WISCONSIN Town X X
WYOMING X
1/ See definitions for MCD's and blocks.
2/ The amount of data for MCD's and places is the same, for the States
noted, in these reports: PC(1)-8 and -C and MC(1)-A and -B.
3/ Subdivisions of Alaska's "census areas" or boroughs (county equivalents)
are called "census subareas." They take the place of MCD's or CCD's.
FIGURE 4
(CONTINUED)
(5) (6)
BLOCK STATISTICS CENSUS TRACTS
UNITED STATES STATEWIDE STATEWIDE
ALABAMA
ALASKA 3/
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT X
DELAWARE X
DIST. OF COLUMBIA X X
FLORIDA
GEORGIA X
HAWAII X
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI X
MISSOURI
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY X
NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK X
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OKLAHOMA
OREGON
PENNSYLVANIA
RHODE ISLAND X X
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA X
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA
WISCONSIN
WYOMING
1/ See definitions for MCD's and blocks.
2/ The amount of data for MCD's and places is the same, for the States
noted, in these reports: PC(1)-8 and -C and MC(1)-A and -B.
3/ Subdivisions of Alaska's "census areas" or boroughs (county equivalents)
are called "census subareas." They take the place of MCD's or CCD's.
ALEUT POPULATION. See RACE.
AMERICAN INDIAN POPULATION. See RACE.
AMERICAN INDIAN RESERVATIONS. American Indian reservations are areas with
boundaries established by treaty, statute, and/or executive or court order.
The reservations and their boundaries were identified for the Census Bureau
by the bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) and State governments. Federal and
State reservations are located in 33 States and may cross State, county,
minor civil division/census county division, and place boundaries. In
tabulations for reservations, tribal trust lands outside the boundaries of
reservations (off-reservation) are not included as part of the reservations
(see below).
Preliminary evaluation of the 1980 census data suggest that counts for a few
reservations may be subject to certain limitations or nonsampling errors.
Although the various field and computer operations undergo a number of
quality control checks to ensure accuracy of the data, available evidence
indicates that nonsampling errors are substantial for a small number of
reservations. For example, a few reservations have a relatively high
substitution rate. A listing of reservations where characteristics for 20
percent or more of the persons or housing units in the 1980 Census were
substituted are shown in PC80-1-B reports, Appendix D, "Accuracy of the
Data." (For a fuller discussion of nonsampling errors, see the Users' Guide
chapter 6, "Data Limitations," report appendixes on "Accuracy of the Data,"
or the "Technical Information" section in tape technical documentation.)
Additional evaluation of the 100-percent counts for reservations is being
completed and a fuller explanation will be published in a 1980 census
supplementary report, series PC80-S1, "Population and Housing Unit Counts
for American Indian Areas and Alaska Native Villages: 1980."
Each American Indian reservation was assigned a unique 3-digit code by the
Bureau. Enumeration districts (ED's) and block groups (BG's) which are
inside boundaries of reservations are designated with an "N" in the ED
prefix field in tape files.
Data summaries for American Indian reservations are included in STF's 2B,
2C, 4B, and 4C, and reports PC80-1-B and -C and HC80-1-A and -B. Population
and housing counts for reservations are scheduled to be included in a
supplementary report (PC80-S1 series). Also, a population subject report
(PC80-2 series) presenting additional data on American Indian reservations
is also planned. Summaries on tape and in PC80-1-B and HC80-1-A show data
not only for the reservation totals, but also for parts of reservations that
cross State or county boundaries. Reservation data can also be derived from
MARF, MARF 2, STF 1A, and STF 3A by the addition of component ED or BG
summaries. Maps outlining reservation boundaries are included in the
PC80-1-B and HC80-1-A reports. Reservation boundaries are also shown on
Metropolitan Map Series, place, and county maps.
Historical comparability: Data on 115 American Indian reservations were
published in the 1970 census subject report, American Indians, PC(2)-1F.
However, 1980 data may not be comparable to 1970 information because of
boundary changes, improvements in geographic identification, new enumeration
techniques, and other procedural changes made for the 1980 census.
AMERICAN INDIAN SUBRESERVATION AREAS. Entities known as "areas,"
"chapters," "districts," "segments," or "communities" are associated with
some American Indian reservations and were identified for the Census Bureau
by tribal governments or the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). In a few
cases, such subreservation areas extend beyond reservation boundaries or are
located entirely outside the reservation (off-reservation. American Indian
subreservations recognized for the 1980 census are identified by a unique
3-digit code.
Data for subreservations are not summarized in regular census tabulations;
however, subreservation data can be obtained from the Census Bureau on a
cost-reimbursable basis from a special tabulation. (For further information
regarding subreservation areas, please write Population Division, Racial
Statistics Branch, Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233.)
Historical comparability: American Indian subreservation areas were not
identified separately in previous censuses.
AMERICAN INDIAN TRIBAL TRUST LANDS. Some American Indian reservations have
tribal trust lands in the vicinity of the reservation. The Bureau of Indian
Affairs identified these areas for the 1980 census. Tribal trust lands are
located outside the reservation boundary (off-reservation) and are
associated with a specific reservation.
Population and housing counts for tribal trust lands are scheduled to be
included in a supplementary report (PC80-S1 series). Additional information
for these areas may be included in special reports or unpublished
tabulations. Also, such data can be obtained from the Census Bureau on a
cost-reimbursable basis from a special tabulation. (For further information
regarding the geography for tribal trust lands, please write to Population
Division, Racial Statistics Branch, Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C.
20233.)
Historical comparability: Tribal trust lands were not identified in
previous censuses.
AREA, LAND. See LAND AREA.
ASIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDER POPULATION. See RACE.
BARRIO. See PUERTO RICO AND OUTLYING AREAS.
BLACK POPULATION. See RACE.
BLOCK. Normally a rectangular piece of land, bounded by four streets.
However, a block may also be irregular in shape or bounded by railroad
tracks, streams, or other features. Blocks do not cross the boundaries of
counties, census tracts, or block numbering areas (BNA's). They may cross
place boundaries and the boundaries of minor civil divisions (MCD's). When
blocks cross place boundaries and, in 20 States (see figure 4, column 3)
when they cross MCD boundaries, separate statistical summaries are presented
for each part of the block.
Census blocks are normally compact units, but there are important
exceptions. For example, in some suburbs, houses cluster around
cul-de-sacs. In these areas a census block may be fairly large since only
those features that serve as the perimeter of an enclosed area are treated
as block boundaries. Also, in those rural areas where they are numbered,
blocks may include many square miles, depending on the frequency of
intersections of roads, rivers, mountain ridges, or other physical features.
Census data are tabulated by block in all urbanized areas (UA's) and
generally for some territory extending beyond the UA boundaries. Data also
are tabulated by block in incorporated places with 10,000 or more
inhabitants outside UA's, and in other areas which contracted with the
Census Bureau for the preparation of block statistics. Places outside of
UA's are included in the block statistics program if they met the 10,000
population criterion in the 1970 census, in official Bureau estimates
through 1976, or in a special census taken on or before December 31, 1977.
Block coverage for qualifying places is within boundaries as of January 1,
1980. Five States contracted for the preparation of block statistics for
all of their territory, both urban and rural, not already in the block
statistics program. These States are Georgia, Mississippi, New York, Rhode
Island, and Virginia.
A block is identified by a 3-digit code which is unique within census tract
or, where tracts do not exist, BNA. Since separate summaries are provided
for the parts of a block split by a place boundary or, in 20 States, an MCD
boundary, tape users often will need to specify the place or MCD code, along
with other codes, to retrieve data for a block. Blocks are defined on
detailed census maps: Metropolitan Map Series (MMS), Vicinity Map Series
(VMS), place maps, and county maps. The extent of block statistics coverage
is reflected on maps by the presence of the 3-digit block number and the
absence of ED boundaries and numbers.
On census maps, when a block boundary ignores a minor physical feature, such
as a railroad track, a "fishhook" ( ) across the feature indicates that
the block includes area on both sides of the feature. Alternatively, the
separate parts of such a block may have identical block numbers, each
followed by an asterisk.
The maps used for enumeration activities were, of necessity, obtained
several years prior to the census and therefore do not reflect recently
constructed streets. Only those features shown on the maps can serve as
block boundaries.
Statistics were collected for approximately 2.6 million blocks in the 1980
census. Block statistics are included in PHC80-1 Block Statistics
microfiche series and in file B of Summary Tape File 1 (STF 1B).
Historical comparability: In 1970 block statistics were prepared for UA's
(and some territory beyond) located in SMSA's existing at the time of the
census, as well for contract areas. Unlike 1980, they were not prepared for
places of 10,000 population or more outside UA's unless done under contract,
nor for UA's in not-yet-defined SMSA's.
Some blocks defined for 1970 will have new boundaries in 1980, primarily
those on the edges of UA's and other areas of new development where the
street patterns have changed. To help the user notice a change wherever a
block has been redefined by splitting or other adjustment, the 1970 block
number will generally not be reused. Where blocks were recognized for the
1970 census, their boundaries and numbers generally will be the same in
1980, except for a few areas where blocks were renumbered by local
GBF/DIME-File coordinating agencies in order to define more desirable block
groups.
BLOCK GROUP (BG). A combination of numbered census blocks that is a
subdivision of a census tract or block numbering area (BNA) and is defined
in all areas for which block statistics are prepared. (In areas where
blocks are not numbered, ED's are used instead of BG's.)
BG's are not outlined on census maps, but are defined as that set of
numbered blocks sharing the same first digit within a census tract or BNA.
For example, Block Group "3" within a particular census tract would include
any blocks numbered between 301 and 399. In most cases, the numbering would
generally involve substantially fewer than 50 blocks, since gaps are
occasionally left in the numbering; e.g., Block 312 might be followed by
Block 316.
BG's are defined within census tract or BNA. They may cross, and be split
by, the boundaries of minor civil divisions (MCD's) or census county
divisions (CCD's), places, congressional districts, urbanized areas, and
Indian reservations. When this occurs, statistical summaries (data records)
are provided for each component or part. To avoid mistaking a component
summary for a complete BG summary, users should carefully study census maps
to note any BG's split by place, MCD or CCD, urbanized area, and Indian
reservation boundaries. Congressional district (CD) boundaries are not
shown on census maps, so the maps will not be of use in detecting BG's split
by CD boundaries.
BG summaries observe boundaries of some areas (specifically, CCD's and, in
10 States, MCD's) which are ignored in summarizing data for the block
statistics presentations in reports and on tape. As a result, it will
occasionally be necessary to add BG components together to match the sum of
blocks in the same hundreds series.
Statistics will be prepared for almost 200,000 BG's. BG data, together with
data for ED's, appear on STF's 1A and 3A, and in any corresponding
microfiche. There are no printed data for BG's.
Historical comparability: In areas where BG's were tabulated in 1970, many
1980 BG's will be the same as their 1970 counterparts, with exceptions
occurring primarily in areas where tract boundaries have changed or where
substantial development has taken place. Also, BG parts, created when BG's
are split by the boundaries of higher level areas, will change if such
boundaries have changed.
Many areas with BG's in 1980 had data reported by ED's in 1970, a change
occasioned in part by the expansion of the block statistics program, and in
part because ED's were used for tabulation purposes in 1970 instead of BG's
in some block numbered areas. Where BG's have replaced ED's, there will be
little comparability between 1970 ED's and 1980 BG's.
BLOCK NUMBERING AREA (BNA). An area defined for the purpose of grouping and
numbering blocks in block-numbered areas where census tracts have not been
defined--typically, in non-SMSA places of 10,000 or more population and in
contract block areas. BNA's do not cross county boundaries. They are
identified by census tract-type numbers ranging from 9901.00 to 9989.99
which are unique within a county. While BNA numbers are similar to census
tract numbers, BNA's are not census tracts and are not included in STF's 2
or 4.
BNA's may be split by the boundaries of places, MCD's, and CCD's.
Statistical summaries appear in STF 1B and PHC80-1 Block Statistics
microfiche series for the component parts of BNA's created when BNA's are
split by the boundaries of places and, in 20 States, MCD's. (See figure 4,
column 3.) Such component summaries appear in STF 1A and 3A when BNA's are
split by the boundaries of CCD's in 20 States (see figure 4, column 1) and
MCD's in 10 other States and Puerto Rico.
Historical comparability: While BNA's were also used in previous censuses,
any historical comparability is generally coincidental.
BOROUGH (IN ALASKA). See COUNTY.
C-G
CENSUS AREA (IN ALASKA). See COUNTY.
CENSUS COUNTY DIVISION (CCD). A statistical subdivision of a county,
roughly comparable to a minor civil division (MCD). CCD's are defined in 20
States (see figure 4, column 1) which do not have MCD's suitable for
reporting census statistics (i.e., the MCD's have either lost their original
significance, are very small in population, have frequent boundary changes,
and/or have indefinite boundaries). CCD's are established cooperatively by
the Census Bureau and both State and local government authorities. They are
generally defined by boundary features that seldom change and can be easily
located, such as roads, rivers, and powerlines.
The Census Bureau has assigned each CCD, alphabetically sequenced within
county, an incremental unique 3-digit numeric code. The National Bureau of
Standards has assigned each CCD, alphabetically sequenced within State, an
incremental unique 5-digit numeric FIPS "place" code.
CCD boundaries are represented on detailed census maps, such as place maps
and county maps. In addition, CCD outlines appear at a small scale on maps
published in several 1980 reports. Statistics for about 5,500 CCD's appear
in STF's 1A, 2B, 3A, and 4B, and in PC80-1-A and -B and HC80-1-A reports.
Historical comparability: In 1980, CCD's are defined in one fewer State
than in 1970--North Dakota returned to the use of its MCD's (townships).
However, 1980 data for North Dakota's 1970 CCD's are available in STF 1E.
In the past, cities with 10,000 or more inhabitants generally were defined
as separate CCD's. When these cities annexed territory, CCD boundaries also
had to be adjusted. For 1980, many of these CCD boundaries were revised to
conform with census tract boundaries where tracts exist, and permanent
physical features elsewhere, in an attempt to minimize future CCD boundary
adjustments. Many CCD's which changed boundaries between 1970 and 1980 are
noted in footnotes to table 4 of the PC80-1-A reports for States with CCD's.
CENSUS SUBAREA. A statistical subdivision of a "census area" or borough
(county equivalent) in Alaska. Census subareas take the place of minor
civil divisions (MCD's or census county divisions (CCD's).
Historical comparability: In 1970, Alaska county equivalents were called
"divisions," and some were subdivided further. Some of the census subareas
used in the 1980 census approximate the 1970 divisions or their subdivisions.
CENSUS TRACT. A small statistical subdivision of a county. Tracts
generally have stable boundaries. When tracts are established, they are
designed to be relatively homogeneous areas with respect to population
characteristics, economic status, and living conditions. Tracts generally
have between 2,500 and 8,000 residents. All standard metropolitan
statistical areas (SMSA's) recognized for the 1980 census have census
tracts. Most of these SMSA's are completely tracted, but seven SMSA's newly
created as a result of the 1980 census include outlying counties which are
not tracted. In addition, an estimated 3,000 census tracts have been
established in 221 counties outside SMSA's. Five States and the District of
Columbia are entirely tracted: Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, New Jersey,
and Rhode Island. In all, there are over 43,300 census tracts for the 1980
census (excluding 465 in Puerto Rico).
Census tract boundaries are established cooperatively by local Census
Statistical Areas Committees and the Census Bureau in accordance with
guidelines that impose limitations on population size and specify the need
for visible boundaries. Geographic shape and area size of tracts are of
relatively minor importance. Tract boundaries are established with the
intention of being maintained over a long time so that statistical
comparisons can be made from census to census. Census tracts observe county
lines and cover all of the territory within each tracted county. Within a
county, tract boundaries may be split by other geographic boundaries.
Census tracts are identified by a 4-digit basic code and may have a 2-digit
suffix, e.g., 6059.02. On tape, the decimal is implied. Many census tracts
do not have a suffix. In such cases, tapes give the 4-digit code followed
by two blanks. Leading zeros in a tract number (e.g., 0025.02) do not
appear on the maps (e.g., 25.02.).
Tract numbers are always unique within a county, and, except for the New
York SMSA, are also unique within an SMSA. All valid census tract numbers
are in the range 0001 to 9899.99; a number between 9901 and 9989.99 denotes
a block numbering area (BNA).
Census tract boundaries are shown on all detailed census maps, such as place
maps and county maps. In addition, census tract outline maps are being
created for each SMSA and each tracted county outside SMSA's. Tract outline
maps show only those streets and physical features which serve as census
tract boundaries. In addition, the boundaries of places, MCD's, CCD's,
counties, and States appear on tract outline maps.
Census tract data are presented in STF's 1A, 1B, 2A, 3A, and 4A, and in
PHC80-2 Census Tracts reports. In STF's 1A and 3A, tract data are presented
in hierarchial sequence within place within MCD or CCD. In a case where a
tract is split by place, MCD, or CCD boundaries, the tape files will have
summaries for each of its parts. To get data for the whole tract, it will
be necessary to add up the components. In STF 1B the situation is similar
except that MCD boundaries are observed in only 20 States and Puerto Rico.
(See figure 4, column 3.) MCD boundaries in the other 10 States with MCD's
and CCD boundaries in the remaining 20 States are ignored. In the major
summaries for census tracts--those in STF's 2A and 4A and in PHC80-2 Census
Tracts reports--tract summaries observe the boundaries of places of 10,000
or more population. Separate summaries provide totals for split tracts.
Historical comparability: Census tracts are defined with an overall goal of
census-to-census comparability. Some 1970 tracts have been subdivided due
to increased population, but the new tracts can be recombined by the user
for comparison with 1970 tracts. This affects about 8 percent of all 1970
tracts. Other changes have included combinations of two or more small 1970
tracts (less than 1 percent of all 1970 tracts) and adjustments to tract
boundaries where old boundary features have disappeared or better boundaries
(e.g., freeways) have come into being. In a few areas, local Census
Statistical Areas Committees undertook extensive redefinition of census
tracts.
Census Tracts reports, PHC80-2, include 1970-1980 tract comparability tables
showing 1980 tracts which were split, combined, or had boundary realignments
affecting areas with 100 or more people along with the 1970 tracts or parts
of tracts to which they correspond. The list is presented both ways: 1970
tracts in terms of 1970 counterparts, and 1980 in terms of 1970
counterparts. Since the affected parts of individual tracts (e.g.,
individual blocks) are not specified, the comparability list essentially
serves to draw attention to areas which should be studied further on 1980
and 1970 maps, preferably those which show detail by block.
Both the number of tracted counties and the number of census tracts
increased by over 20 percent between 1970 and 1980. The reporting of data
for split tracts has also increased. Whereas 1970 Census Tracts reports
gave data for tract parts created when tracts were split by the boundaries
of only those places with 25,000 or more population, 1980 reports observe
boundaries of places as small as 10,000. 1980 STF's 2 and 4 present data
for the components of split tracts, as well as for whole tracts, whereas
their 1970 counterparts did not provide separate summaries for the
components of split tracts.
CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT (CBD). An area of very high land valuation
characterized by a high concentration of retail businesses, service
businesses, offices, theaters, and hotels, and by a high traffic flow. A
CBD follows census tract boundaries, i.e., it consists of one or more whole
census tracts. CBD's are identified only in central cities of SMSA's and
other cities with a population of 50,000 or more, and are designated by
local Census Statistical Areas Committees in consultation with the Census
Bureau. However, some eligible cities have chosen not to participate in the
CBD delineation program. CBD's do not extend beyond the boundaries of the
city.
The CBD's now recognized were delineated for the 1977 Economic Censuses.
The Bureau does not plan to prepare 1980 statistics for CBD's, but users may
derive data by aggregating data for component census tracts or smaller
areas. Records for such areas are indicated on most machine-readable files.
Historical comparability: At the time of the 1970 census, CBD's were
defined only in cities of 100,000 or more persons.
CENTROID, POPULATION. See POPULATION CENTROID.
CENTRAL CITY. See STANDARD METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREA; URBANIZED AREA.
CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT. One of the 435 State or sub-State areas from which
persons are elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. Two sets of
congressional districts are recognized in 1980 census products. Districts
of the 96th Congress (1979-1980) which were also in effect for the 97th
Congress (1981-1982) are summarized on STF 1A and STF 3A. Districts of the
98th Congress (1983-1984) reflecting redistricting based on the 1980 census,
are summarized on STF 1D and STF 3D and in series PHC80-4, Congressional
Districts of the 98th Congress.
The PHC80-4 reports, issued by State, include a map of the State showing
congressional district boundaries in relation to county outlines. More
detailed maps follow showing selected congressional district boundaries in
cases where the State map cannot delineate the congressional districts with
sufficient clarity. These maps have been republished in the Congressional
District Atlas for the 98th Congress. Congressional district boundaries are
not shown on detailed 1980 census maps.
Historical comparability: Districts of the 96th Congress were the same as
districts for the 93rd Congress for all but 4 States: New York, California,
and Texas, which were redistricted for the 94th Congress; and Tennessee, in
which one boundary change took effect for the 95th Congress. 1970 data for
these congressional districts were published in Congressional District Data
(CDD) report series for the 93rd and 94th Congresses, but not including the
later change for Tennessee. The Congressional District Data Book
republished CDD reports for the 93rd Congress.
COUNTY. The primary political and administrative subdivision of a State.
In Louisiana, such divisions are called parishes. In Alaska, 23 boroughs
and "census areas" are treated as county equivalents for census purposes.
Several cities (Baltimore, Maryland; St. Louis, Missouri; Carson City,
Nevada; and 41 Virginia cities) are independent of any county organization,
and thereby constitute primary divisions of their States and are treated the
same as counties in census tabulations.
County boundaries are shown on most census maps. A 3-digit Federal
Information Processing Standards (FIPS) county code identifies each county
uniquely within State. Counties are numbered in alphabetic sequence, with
independent cities numbered separately at the end of the list.
There are 3,215 counties and county equivalents (including 78 in Puerto
Rico) recognized for the 1980 census. Tabulations for all counties appear
in STF's 1 through 4, and in PC80-1-A, -B, and -C, HC80-1-A and -B and
PHC80-3 reports. Tabulations for counties of 50,000 or more inhabitants
appear in STF 5.
Historical comparability: A number of changes have occurred to county
boundaries since 1970. A new set of county equivalents (boroughs and census
areas) has been defined for Alaska, and in some cases these county
equivalents differ considerably from the census divisions recognized for
1970. In addition, there are minor changes in counties for South Dakota and
Hawaii. In Virginia, county boundaries have changed as a result of the
creation of new independent cities or annexations by independent cities.
Most other changes represent minor adjustments of the boundaries between
counties. Those counties which changed boundaries between 1970 and 1980 are
noted in footnotes at the end of table 4 of the PC80-1-A report for each
State.
COUNTY EQUIVALENT. See COUNTY.
DIVISION (CENSUS GEOGRAPHIC). A census geographic division is one of the
nine groups of States which are subdivisions of the four census geographic
regions of the United States. Census geographic divisions are identified by
a 1-digit code which is also the first digit of the 2-digit census
geographic code for each State in the division.
Historical comparability: Census divisions have remained unchanged since
the 1910 census, except for the expansion of the Pacific Division to include
Alaska and Hawaii.
ECONOMIC SUBREGION (ESR). A grouping of State Economic Areas (SEA's) which
brings together those SEA's which are most closely related in terms of their
economic and social characteristics. The areas were first defined following
the 1950 census and updated after the 1960 census. To achieve such
homogeneity, State boundaries are frequently crossed. The 510 SEA's are
grouped into 121 ESR's. A 3-digit numeric code is assigned to each ESR. No
data summaries will be prepared for ESR's, although the ESR code appears on
the geographic records of the summary tape files.
Historical comparability: ESR boundaries have remained the same since 1960.
See also: STATE ECONOMIC AREA (SEA).
ENUMERATION DISTRICT (ED). An area used in the 1980 census for data
collection activities and as a tabulation area where blocks are not
present. ED's do not cross the boundaries of legal or statistical areas;
for example, census tracts, MCD's/CCD's, places, counties, congressional
districts, and States. Because of these constraints, they vary widely in
population size, although they do not generally exceed a population of 1,600
in areas where the census was taken by mail, or a population of 1,000 in
areas where the census was taken by conventional enumerator canvassing. The
population limits are designed so that an ED generally represents a
reasonable workload for one enumerator. About 1,000 jurisdictions in 47
States participated in a program for local definition of ED's. In areas
without blocks, ED's are the smallest unit of census geography for which
statistics are prepared.
ED boundaries are shown on MMS/VMS, place, and county maps in areas where
there are no block numbers. ED's are identified by a 4-digit number (except
that leading zeros, when they occur in ED numbers, do not appear on the
maps). An ED number may be followed by a one-letter alphabetic suffix. The
suffix is used to identify subdivisions of ED's made during data collection
and processing activities where the original ED proved to be too populous
for an efficient work unit, or to accommodate a revision to a place or other
boundary made after January 1, 1978 in mailout/mailback areas or January 1,
1979 in conventional census areas. An ED number may also have a one-letter
prefix indicating that the ED is of a special type (e.g., an American Indian
reservation), but the prefix is not necessary for unique identification of
the ED. ED numbers do not repeat within a county. Any ED may be uniquely
identified by accompanying its ED code with the 2-digit State code and
3-digit county code.
Statistics will be prepared for about 100,000 ED's. ED data, together with
data for BG's, appear on STF's 1A and 3A and corresponding microfiche. In
addition, ED data appear on STF 1B to complement the summaries for blocks.
There are no printed data for ED's.
Historical comparability: Many areas which were covered by ED's in 1970 are
summarized in terms of blocks and BG's for 1980. In some cases, it may be
possible to add up blocks to approximate the 1970 ED's, based on detailed
comparison of 1980 and 1970 maps.
In areas covered by ED's for 1980, enumeration considerations dictated ED
size and design, and historical comparability does not normally enter into
consideration.
ESKIMO POPULATION. See RACE.
FAMILY. Two or more persons, including the householder, who are related by
birth, marriage, or adoption and who live together as one household; all
such persons are considered as members of one family. (Persons not in
families and not inmates of institutions are classified as unrelated
individuals.) Families are defined using responses to the complete-count
household relationship question.
If the son/daughter of the person or couple who maintain the household and
the son's or daughter's spouse and/or children are members of the household,
they are treated as part of the householder's family. A roomer/boarder and
his/her spouse who are not related to the person or persons who maintain the
household, or a resident employee and his/her spouse living in, are not
counted as a family, but as individuals unrelated to the householder. Thus,
a household can contain only one family for purposes of census tabulations.
A person maintaining a household alone, or two or more unrelated persons are
regarded as a household but not as a family. Thus, some households do not
contain a family.
(In certain Census Bureau surveys (e.g., CPS) before 1980, families as
defined here are referred to as "primary families." The term "secondary
family" refers to a resident family unrelated to the householder, such as a
roomer and his/her spouse. Tabulations of families from such surveys
include secondary families.)
Historical comparability: A similar definition for family was used in
1970. In 1960, secondary families were also identified. In 1960, secondary
families were also identified.
GROUP QUARTERS, PERSONS IN. Persons in living arrangements, such as nursing
homes or rooming houses, which are not households. Group quarters status
was determined on a complete-count basis.
Two general categories of persons in group quarters are recognized.
Inmate of institution. A person under care or custody at the time of
enumeration. Inmates are persons in such facilities as homes, schools,
hospitals, or wards for the physically or mentally handicapped; persons
in hospitals or wards for mental, tubercular, or chronic diseases;
persons in homes for unmarried mothers; persons in nursing,
convalescent, and rest homes for the aged and dependent; persons in
orphanages; and persons in correctional institutions. These persons are
enumerated as residents of an institution--regardless of their length of
stay in the particular place and regardless of the number of people in
the places. Some tabulations include data by major types of
institutions (home for the aged, mental hospital, correctional
institution, and other institutions).
Other persons in group quarters. Persons living in group quarters who
are not inmates of institutions. Rooming and boarding houses, communes,
farm and nonfarm workers' dormitories, convents or monasteries, and
other living quarters are classified as "other" group quarters if there
are 9 or more persons unrelated to the person listed in column 1 of the
census questionnaire; or if 10 or more unrelated persons share the
unit. Persons residing in certain other types of living arrangements
are classified as living in "other" group quarters regardless of the
number or relationship of people in the unit. These include persons
residing in military attacks, on ships, in college dormitories, or in
sorority and fraternity houses; patients in general or maternity wards
of hospitals who have no usual residence elsewhere; staff members in
institutional quarters; and persons enumerated in missions, flophouses,
Salvation Army shelters, railroad stations, etc.
H-O
Historical comparability: In 1970, 6 or more unrelated persons living
together were classified as group quarters; for 1980 that requirement was
raised to 10 or more unrelated persons.
See also: HOUSEHOLD, PERSONS IN.
HISTORIC AREAS OF OKLAHOMA (EXCLUDING URBANIZED AREAS). The historic areas
of Oklahoma consist of the former reservations that had legally established
boundaries during the period 1900-1907. These reservations were dissolved
during the 2- to 3-year period preceding the statehood of Oklahoma in 1907.
The former reservation boundaries are used for planning purposes by tribes
and the Federal government. In the census, the entire area encompassing the
former reservations was identified (except for parts inside urbanized areas
as approximated in preparation for the 1980 census); individual former
reservations were not identified separately.
The historic areas of Oklahoma (excluding urbanized areas) were assigned a
unique 3-digit code by the Bureau which appears in the reservation code
field. Enumeration districts (ED's), block groups (BG's), and/or portions
of BG's that comprise the historic areas (excluding urbanized areas) are
designated with an "A" in the ED prefix ield in tape files for Oklahoma.
Historical comparability: Historic areas of Oklahoma (excluding urbanized
areas) were not identified in previous censuses.
HOUSEHOLD, PERSONS IN. The number of persons living in the housing unit.
All occupants are counted--not just those related to the householder, but
also any lodgers, roomers, boarders, partners, wards, foster children, and
resident employees who share the living quarters.
Figures for "persons in households" match those for "persons in units" in
tabulations based on complete-count data. In sample tabulations, they may
differ because of the weighting process. The phrase "persons in household"
is used for population tabulations, "persons in unit" for housing items.
"One-person households" and "persons living alone" are synonymous.
See also: FAMILY.
HOUSING UNIT. A house, apartment, mobile home or trailer, group of rooms,
or single room occupied as a separate living quarter or, if vacant, intended
for occupancy as a separate living quarter. Separate living quarters are
those in which the occupants live and eat separately from any other persons
in the building and which have direct access from the outside of the
building or through a common hall.
The occupants may be a single family, one person living alone, two or more
families living together, or any other group of related or unrelated persons
who share living arrangements (except as described in the definition of
Group Quarters, Persons In). For vacant units, the criteria of separateness
and direct access are applied to the intended occupants whenever possible.
If that information cannot be obtained, the criteria are applied to the
previous occupants. Both occupied and vacant housing units are included in
the housing inventory, except that recreational vehicles, caves, boats,
tents, railroad cars, and the like are included only if they are occupied as
someone's usual place of residence. Vacant mobile homes are included
provided they are intended for occupancy on the site where they stand.
Vacant mobile homes on dealers' sales lots, at the factory, or in storage
yards are excluded from the housing inventory. Housing unit status was
determined on a complete-count basis.
Historical comparability: The first Census of Housing in 1940 established
the "dwelling unit" concept. Although the term became "housing unit" and
the definition has been modified slightly in each succeeding census, the
1980 definition is essentially comparable to previous censuses. In 1970,
the definition of a housing unit stipulated that the occupants live and eat
separately and have either direct access or complete kitchen facilities.
For 1980, direct access is required; the alternative of complete kitchen
facilities has been dropped. In 1970, vacant mobile homes were not
counted. In 1980, vacant mobile homes as included in the housing inventory
if they intended for occupancy where they stand. Also in 1970, units with
six or more unrelated persons living together were classified as group
quarters; for 1980 that requirement was raised to ten or more unrelated
persons.
See also: GROUP QUARTERS, PERSONS IN; OCCUPANCY STATUS; TENURE.
LAND AREA. Land area measurements are calculated to the nearest hundredth
of a square mile for States, counties, county subdivisions with a 1980
census population of 2,500 or more (for the States of Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island, Vermont, and Wisconsin only), county subdivisions with a 1980
census population of less than 2,500 that are within an SMSA (for the States
of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and
Vermont only), and places with a 1980 census population of 2,500 or more.
In contrast to population centroids on MARF 2, only whole-place land area
totals are repeated on all "part" records for a place split by higher-level
geography. The land area field is blank for: (1) the "balances" of county
subdivisions and; (2) on the county subdivision record immediately preceding
the place record for a place of 2,500 or more population that also is
treated as a county subdivision. The decimal point is shown in the data for
this field. Figures are right-justified without leading zeros. The value
for land area in square kilometers can be obtained by multiplying the square
miles figure by 2.59.
MINOR CIVIL DIVISION (MCD). A primary political and administrative
subdivision of a county. MCD's are most frequently known as townships, but
in some States they include towns, magisterial districts, and similar
areas. A few counties have some territory not organized into MCD's; such
"unorganized territory" is treated as one or more MCD's for census purposes.
MCD's are used for census purposes in 29 States (see figure 4, column 2).
In 20 of the remaining States, CCD's are used in lieu of MCD's and in
Alaska, census subareas are used. In the District of Columbia, quandrants
are used. In Puerto Rico, ciudades, pueblos, and barrios are used.
The Census Bureau has assigned each MCD, alphabetically sequenced within
county, an incremental unique 3-digit numeric code. In addition, MCD's in
11 States (those noted in column 4 of figure 4) have a 4-digit "MCD sequence
number" which allows MCD's to be sorted into alphabetical sequence within a
State.
MCD boundaries are represented on all detailed census maps. In addition,
MCD outlines appear on small-scale maps published in PC80-1-A and -B and
HC80-1-A reports and in conjunction with the PHC80-2 series. There are more
than 26,000 MCD's recognized for the 1980 census.
Statistics for all MCD's appear in STF's 1A, 2B, 3A, and 4B, and in PC80-1-A
and -B and HC80-1-A reports. In 20 States (specified in column 3 of figure
4), many MCD's serve as functioning general-purpose governments, and these
active MCD's are included in PHC80-3 Summary Characteristics for
Governmental Units and Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas. All MCD's
in block-numbered areas of these States are included in the PHC80-1. Block
Statistics microfiche series and STF 1B. Finally, in 11 States (all 9
States in the Northeast region, plus Michigan and Wisconsin), MCD data are
published in a manner parallel to that of places of the same population size
in tables of PC80-1-B and -C and HC80-1-A and -B. (See figure 4, column 4.)
Historical comparability: CCD's were used in North Dakota in 1970, but for
1980 that State returned to the use of its townships. A number of MCD's in
other States have changed boundaries. Changes have resulted from municipal
annexations, mergers or dissolutions of MCD's, and other causes. There are
seven States where MCD boundaries have changed substantially: Arkansas,
Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Nebraska, Virginia, and West Virginia.
MCD's which have changed boundaries between 1970 and 1980 are noted in
footnotes to table 4 of PC80-1-A reports for States with MCD's.
MUNICIPIO. See PUERTO RICO and OUTLYING AREAS.
OCCUPANCY STATUS. The classification of all housing units as either
occupied or vacant. The item was determined on a complete-count basis.
Occupied. A housing unit occupied as the usual place of residence of a
person or group of persons living in it at the time of enumeration, or
by occupants only temporarily absent such as on vacation. A household
consists of all the persons who occupy a housing unit as their usual
place of residence. If all the persons staying in the unit at the time
of enumeration have their usual place of residence elsewhere, the unit
is classified as vacant. Complete count figures on households and
occupied housing units should match--although sample estimates of
households and occupied units may differ because of weighting.
Vacant. A housing unit with no one living in it at the time of
enumeration, unless its occupants are only temporarily absent. If, at
the time of enumeration, the unit is temporarily occupied solely by
persons who have a usual residence elsewhere, it is classified as vacant.
Historical comparability: Similar data have been collected since 1940.
OTHER RACES. See RACE.
OWNER-OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS. See TENURE.
P-R
PACIFIC ISLANDER POPULATION. See RACE.
PARISH (IN LOUISIANA). See COUNTY.
PER CAPITA INCOME. Per capita income is the mean or average income computed
by aggregating the total income for every man, woman, and child in a
particular population group or geographic area. It is derived by dividing
the total income by the total population.
Care should be exercised in using and interpreting per capita (mean or
average) values for small geographic areas or population groups. Since per
capita income amounts are strongly influenced by extreme values in the
distribution, they are especially susceptible to the effects of sampling
variability, misreporting, and processing errors.
PERSONS IN HOUSEHOLD. See HOUSEHOLD, PERSONS IN.
PLACE. A concentration of population which may or may not have legally
prescribed limits, powers, or functions. Most of the places identified in
the 1980 census are incorporated as cities, towns, villages, or boroughs.
In addition, census designated places (called "unincorporated places" in
earlier censuses) are delineated for 1980 census tabulations. There are
about 23,000 places recorded in the 1980 census. Places do not cross State
boundaries.
Incorporated place. A political unit incorporated as a city, borough
(excluding Alaska and New York), village, or town (excluding the New
England States, New York, and Wisconsin). In most States, incorporated
places are subdivisions of the MCD or CCD in which they are located; for
example, a village located within and legally part of a township. In
some States, incorporated places are independent of surrounding
townships or towns and therefore are also treated as MCD's. In a few
States, the pattern is mixed. Almost 4,000 incorporated places cross
MCD/CCD and/or county boundaries.
There are about 20,000 incorporated places recognized in the 1980 census.
Census designated place (CDP). A densely settled population center
without legally defined corporate limits or corporate powers or
functions. Each CDP has a definite residential nucleus with a dense,
city-type street pattern, and ideally should have an overall population
density of at least 1,000 persons per square mile. In addition, a CDP
is a community that can be identified locally by place name. Boundaries
of CDP's are drawn by the Census Bureau, in cooperation with State and
local agencies, to include, insofar as possible, all the closely settled
area. In the 1980 census, statistics are tabulated for each CDP with
5,000 inhabitants or more if located in an urbanized area (UA) with a
central city of 50,000 or more and for each CDP of 1,000 inhabitants or
more if in a UA with no central city of 50,000 or more. Some
CDP's--notably in the Northeast--coincide with MCD's. In STF's, these
are treated as both places and MCD's, but in printed reports they are
shown only in MCD tables to avoid duplication. Outside of UA's,
statistics are tabulated in the 48 States and Puerto Rico for CDP's of
1,000 or more, in Hawaii for CDP's of 300 or more, and in Alaska for
CDP's of 25 or more.
There are approximately 3,400 CDP's recognized in the 1980 census.
Incorporated place and CDP boundaries are shown on all detailed census
maps. For tracted areas, boundaries of all places are shown on census tract
outline maps. County subdivision maps, at still smaller scale, also show
boundaries for places.
A 4-digit numeric code is assigned by the Census Bureau to each place in
alphabetic sequence within State. "Place description" codes will also
generally accompany place records. These codes indicate whether or not a
place is incorporated, as well as represent certain other information about
the place. A 5-digit Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) code
is also assigned to each county subdivision (MCD/CCD) and place in the 1980
census (as well as to a variety of non-census areas, such as airports and
parks).
Data are summarized for all places in STF's 1A and 3A and PC80-1-A reports.
For places with 1,000 or more inhabitants, data are summarized in STF 2B,
and PC80-1-B and HC80-1-A reports. For places with 2,500 or more, data are
summarized in STF 4B, PC80-1-C, and HC80-1-B reports. In PHC80-3 reports,
data are given for all incorporated places. In the PHC80-2 Census Tracts
reports and STF's 2A and 4A, summaries are presented only for places with
10,000 or more inhabitants located in tracted areas. Very detailed data are
presented for all places which are central cities of SMSA's in PC80-1-D
reports, and places with 50,000 or more inhabitants in HC80-2 reports. STF
5 also provides detailed data for places of 50,000 or more.
The files and reports which sequence geographic units in hierarchial fashion
must account for the fact that places may cross the boundaries of counties,
MCD's, and CCD's. Such reports and tapes, therefore, provide summaries for
the various parts of places created when places are split by the boundaries
of higher-level areas recognized in the hierarchy. Specifically, place
parts within county and MCD or CCD are presented in STF's 1A and 3A, and
PC80-1-A. Place parts within county and MCD are presented for 20 specified
States and Puerto Rico in STF 1B and PHC80-1 Block Statistics microfiche
reports, but the PHC80-1 reports include only places which have data
collected for blocks. In the remaining 30 States, STF 1B and PHC80-1
reports subdivide places when split by county boundaries, but do not observe
MCD or CCD boundaries.
Historical comparability: Sixty-eight percent of all incorporated places of
2,500 or more made changes in their boundaries between 1970 and January 1,
1980, which is the reference date for boundaries in the 1980 census. In the
1970 census, ED boundaries were drawn so as to allow a user to aggregate
1970 data for each city of 2,000 or more inhabitants according to 1960
boundaries. There will not be a corresponding capability in the 1980 census.
In the 1970 and earlier censuses, CDP's were referred to as "unincorporated
places." The name was changed to make it more explicit that such places are
defined for census purposes, and to avoid confusion in States where many
"unincorporated places" are parts of incorporated towns or townships. Many
CDP's have been redefined since 1970. Incorporated places which were newly
incorporated or which changed boundaries between 1970 and 1980 are listed in
footnotes to table 4 of PC80-1-A reports.
POPULATION CENTROID. MARF 2 provides geographic coordinates, expressed in
decimal degrees of latitude and longitude to four decimal places (decimal is
not shown), for the estimated population centroid of each tabulated
enumeration district (ED) and block group (BG). The figures are
right-justified without leading zeros; directions (north latitude and west
longitude) are not shown. Where a BG is split by higher-level geography
that appears on published maps--i.e., county subdivision, place, urbanized
area, American Indian reservation and Alaska Native village--coordinate
values are not provided for the entire BG, but only for each split piece.
Separate coordinates are not provided for the portions of a BG split by
congressional district (96th Congress) or American Indian reservation
subreservation area; that is, such BG records are all assigned the same set
of coordinates.
Population centroid coordinates are calculated either by an arithmetic
computer algorithm applied to block boundaries as recorded in digitized
GBF/DIME-Files or, elsewhere, digitized directly from a population centroid
that has been approximated manually. A centroid must be located within its
ED/BG except where determined via the computer algorithm. In cases where
there are irreconcilable discrepancies between census maps and census data
files, the coordinates are those of the area to which the population should
have been allocated or, if unpopulated, those of the next higher level of
geography associated with the nonmapped MARF record.
Coordinate values are provided for higher geographic levels (census tracts,
places, county subdivisions, counties, and States) based on weighted
averages of individual component ED and/or BG values. In cases where all
the components of a higher-level geographic area had a population of zero,
an implied population of one was used in the averaging formula. As with
BG's, MARF 2 does not provide coordinate values for entire census tracts or
places that are split by higher-level geography, but only for each split
part. For a place that also serves as a county subdivision, the centroid
values duplicate on the county subdivision record immediately preceding the
place record. Centroid coordinates are provided for the remainder of county
subdivisions; in some instances, these values will be located within a place
rather than in the "remainder" area.
PUERTO RICO AND OUTLYING AREAS. In addition to the United States, the
decennial census covers Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Trust
Territory of the Pacific Islands (including the Northern Mariana Islands
which were legally part of the Trust Territory in 1980), the Virgin Islands
of the United States, and certain other small islands over which the United
States exercises sovereignty or jurisdiction. Questionnaire design and the
questions asked were developed for Puerto Rico and each outlying area to
accommodate local conditions. In the case of some small or
military-occupied islands, enumerations were not conducted; only population
counts obtained from U.S. Government records are published.
The geographic subareas for which statistics are reported vary. Some of
those noted below are defined in this glossary; others will be defined in
1980 census reports for the areas.
American Samoa: villages, district subdivisions, districts, and islands.
Guam: census designated places and election districts.
Puerto Rico: blocks; ED's and BG's; census tracts and block numbering
areas; zonas urbanas and aldeas; subbarrios; barrios, ciudades, and
pueblos; municipios; and SMSA's and SCSA's.
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (including the Northern Mariana
Islands): census designated places, municipal districts, municipalities
and islands, and administrative districts.
Virgin Islands: places, census subdistricts, and islands.
Other islands: no subdivisions.
Data for Puerto Rico and its subdivisions will appear in reports and tapes
in generally the same pattern as for States and their subdivisions. Data
for outlying areas will appear in 1980 Census of Population, Volume 1, and
1980 Census of Housing, Volume 1, reports, and on STF's 1 and 3.
Historical comparability: The Canal Zone was not included in the 1980
census because it was no longer under U.S. jurisdiction.
Race, all persons were asked to identify themselves according to the
following race categories on the 1980 questionnaire: White, Black or Negro,
American Indian, Eskimo, Aleut, Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, Korean, Asian
Indian, Vietnamese, Hawaiian, Guamanian, Samoan, and other. The "other"
category includes Malayan, Polynesian, Thai, and other groups not included
in the specific categories listed on the questionnaire. This item was asked
on a complete-count basis.
The concept of race as used by the Census Bureau reflects
self-identification by respondents; it does not denote any clear-cut
scientific definition of biological stock. Since the 1980 census obtained
information on race through self-identification, the data represent
self-classification by people according to the race with which they identify
themselves. For persons with parents of different races who could not
provide a single response to the race question, the race of the person's
mother was used; however, if a single response could not be provided for the
person's mother, the first race reported by the person was used.
Edit and review operations were performed during the complete-count
tabulations; write-in responses were reviewed in an attempt to classify
entries in specific categories, where appropriate. For instance, if the
"Other" circle was marked with a write-in entry "Caucasian," then the
response recoded as White. (Additional examples are noted below.) However,
all such cases were not specified in the complete-count processing. During
the processing of sample questionnaires, a more thorough review and
additional editing was done to resolve inconsistent or incomplete
responses. Also, during the processing of sample questionnaires, write-in
entries for the "Other" category were assigned specific codes, which were
included on the person's basic record in the census detailed tape files.
Asian and Pacific Islander write-in entries, such as Indo-Chinese,
Cambodian, or Polynesian, included in the "Other" category during
100-percent processing, are collectively tabulated and shown as "Other Asian
and Pacific Islander" in the census sample tabulations; this group, "Other
Asian and Pacific Islander," will be included in the broader Asian and
Pacific Islander category in all sample tabulations by race. This shift of
"Other Asian and Pacific Islander" entries out of the "Other races" category
in sample tabulations and the recoding of write-in entries in the "Other"
category to specific categories where appropriate will affect the
comparability between complete-count and sample data for some groups in
certain geographic areas.
White. Persons who indicated their race as White, as well as persons
who did not classify themselves in one of the specific race categories
listed on the questionnaire but entered a response such as Canadian,
German, Italian, Lebanese, or Polish. (Persons who did not classify
themselves in one of the specific race categories but wrote in entries
such as Cuban, Puerto Rican, Mexican, or Dominican were included in the
"Other races" category; in the 1970 census most of these persons were
included in the "White" category.)
Black. Persons who indicated their race as Black or Negro, as well as
persons who did not classify themselves in one of the specific race
categories, but reported entries such as Black Puerto Rican, Hatian,
Jamaican, Nigerian, or West Indian.
American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut:
American Indian. Persons who indicated their race as "Indian
(American)" or who did not indicate a specific race category but
reported the name of an Indian tribe.
Eskimo. Persons who indicated their race as "Eskimo."
Aleut. Persons who indicated their race as "Aleut."
Asian and Pacific Islander: In complete-count tabulations, includes all
of the groups listed below except "Other Asian and Pacific Islander."
In sample tabulations, it includes all of the groups listed below.
Japanese. Persons who indicated their race as Japanese, as well as
persons who did not classify themselves in one of the specific race
categories, but entered a response such as Nipponese or Japanese
American.
Chinese. Persons who indicated their race as Chinese, as well as
persons who did not classify themselves in one of the specific race
categories, but reported entries such as Cantonese, Formosan,
Taiwanese, or Tibetan.
Filipino. Persons who indicated their race as Filipino, as well as
persons who did not classify themselves in one of the specific race
categories, but entered a response such as Filipino American or
Philippine.
Korean. Persons who indicated their race as Korean, as well as
persons who did not classify themselves in one of the specific race
categories, but reported a response such as Korean American.
Asian Indian.Persons who indicated their race as Asian Indian, as
well as persons who did not classify themselves in one of the
specific race categories, but reported entries such as Bengali,
Bharati, Dravidian, East Indian, Goanese, Hindu Indic, Kashmiri, or
South Asian.
Vietnamese. Persons who indicated their race as Vietnamese, as
well as persons who did not classify themselves in one of the
specific race categories, but reported a response such as Vietnam.
Hawaiian. Persons who indicated their race as Hawaiian. In the
State of Hawaii, all persons who reported "Part-Hawaiian" were
included in this category.
Guamanian. Persons who indicated their race as Guamanian, as well
as persons who did not classify themselves in one of the specific
race categories, but reported an entry such as Chamorro or Guam.
Samoan. Persons who indicated their race as Samoan, as well as
persons who did not classify themselves in one of the specific race
categories, but entered a response such as American Samoan or
Western Samoan.
Other Asian and Pacific Islander. In sample tabulations only,
persons who reported Cambodian, Hmong, Indo-Chinese, Laotian,
Pakistani, Polynesian, Fiji Islander, Tahitian, Thai, or similar
responses. Census basic records include codes for over 50 separate
groups within this category. In complete-count tabulations, this
group is part of the "Other races" category described below.
Other (Race n.e.c. "not elsewhere classified"). Includes all other
races (except "Other Asian and Pacific Islander" groups) which were
not included in the specific categories listed on the
questionnaire. For example, persons reporting in the "Other" race
category and providing write-in entries such as Eurasian,
Cosmopolitan, Inter-racial, or a Spanish origin group (e.g.,
Mexican, Cuban, or Puerto Rican) were included in Race, n.e.c.
(NOTE- These groups were also included in the "Other" race
category in complete count tabulations. However, other Asian and
Pacific Islander groups are included in the "Other" category in
100-percent tabulations only.) STF 3, STF 4, and public-use
microdata samples separately identify, as a subcategory within
"Race, n.e.c.," persons who wrote in an entry implying Spanish
origin. Such entries are not necessarily consistent with responses
in the Spanish origin question.
In a few tables in which data for American Indian, Eskimo, Aleut,
and Asian and Pacific Islander are not presented separately, the
"Other" category encompasses all race categories not shown
separately.
In some tabulations, the "other" or "Race, n.e.c." category is
omitted to save space; data for this category are derivable by
subtracting the sum of the specified race categories from the total.
On certain printed tables, where space is limited, data for persons of
Spanish Origin are presented alongside data for up to four major race
groups. In such situations, users should not be misled by the proximity of
these two types of data. Spanish origin is not a race category, and persons
of Spanish origin may be of any race. Tabulations in a number of sources
present data separately for race categories (.e.g, White, Black, and
"Other") for persons not of Spanish origin. In addition, the number of
Spanish-origin persons is given by race.
Limitations: In previous censuses, undercoverage of the population has been
associated with race. The 1970 census missed Blacks at a much higher rate
than Whites. The Bureau has not prepared undercoverage rates for races
other than White or Black, because vital records and other sources of
relevant statistics do not consistently distinguish among other races.
Historical comparability: Questions on "race" or "color" have been asked in
each census since 1970. In 1970, when persons with parents of different
races were in doubt as to their classification, the race of the father was
used. In 1980, the race of the mother was used for persons who could not
provide a single response. The 1970 category "Negro or Black" has been
retitled "Black or Negro." Individual categories for Vietnamese, Asian
Indian, Guamanian, and Samoan were added. In 1970, the categories Eskimo
and Aleut appeared only on questionnaires used in Alaska; they were replaced
by Hawaiian and Korean in all other States. In 1980, all four categories
appeared on the questionnaire. As a result of the additions, the 1980
questionnaire had 14 specific race categories instead of 8 as in 1970.
In 1970, persons who did not report a specific race but wrote in Hispanic
categories such as "Mexican," "Puerto Rican," or "Cuban" in the race
question were assigned to White; for 1980 these persons remain in the "Other
races" category.
See also: SPANISH ORIGIN.
REGION (CENSUS GEOGRAPHIC). A large group of States which is a first-order
subdivision of the United States for census purposes. The four
regions--Northeast, North Central, South, and West--are delineated in figure
5. Regions are identified by a 1-digit code. Statistics for them appear in
U.S. Summary reports in almost every publication series, and in STF's 1C,
2C, 3C, 4C, and 5C. The census regions have no relationship to the 10
Standard Federal Administrative Regions.
S-Z
SPANISH ORIGIN. Determined by a complete-count question which asks
respondents to self-identify whether they are of Spanish origin or descent.
If, when interviewed, the person reported a multiple origin and could not
provide a single origin, the origin of the person's mother was used. If a
single response was not provided for the person's mother, the first reported
origin of the person was used.
Persons marking any one of the four "Spanish" categories, i.e., Mexican,
Puerto Rican, Cuban, or other Spanish, are collectively referred to as
"Persons of Spanish origin."
In certain tabulations, persons of Spanish origin are further classified by
type:
Mexican. Persons who indicated "Mexican, Mexican-American, Chicano,"
or wrote in an entry such as "La Raza."
Puerto Rican. Persons who indicated "Puerto Rican" or wrote in an entry
such as Boricua."
Cuban. Persons who indicated "Cuban."
Other Spanish. Persons who filled the circle for "other
Spanish/Hispanic;" or persons who wrote in an origin or descent
associated with Spain, the Dominican Republic, or any Central or South
America country except Brazil or a nonspecific Spanish group such as
"Spanish surnamed" or "Spanish speaking."
Preliminary evaluations of 1980 census data suggest some limited
misreporting of Spanish origin. Available evidence indicates that the
misreporting may have occurred only in selected areas with relatively small
Spanish-origin populations, such as in some Southern States, but it is not
apparent in those areas with the largest concentrations of Spanish-origin
persons. For a fuller discussion of the reporting in the Spanish-origin
item, see the 1980 census Supplementary Report, "Persons of Spanish Origin
by State: 1980" (PC80-S1-7).
Historical comparability: The Spanish-origin question was asked on a
100-percent basis for the first time in 1980. A similar question was asked
on the 1970 5-percent sample questionnaire. For 1980, the category "no, not
Spanish/Hispanic" appeared first (the corresponding category appeared last
in 1970). Also, the terms "Mexican-American" and "Chicano" are added to the
term "Mexican." The category Central or South American," included in 1970,
has been dropped.
Although a question on Spanish origin was included in 1970, it was not the
major identifier used to classify the Hispanic population in the 1970 census
as it is in 1980. Depending on the section of the country, 1970 census data
for "Persons of Spanish Heritage" were variously defined as "Persons of
Puerto Rican Birth or Parentage" (in New York, New Jersey, and
Pennsylvania); as "Persons of Spanish Language or Spanish Surname" (in
Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas); and as "Persons of
Spanish Language" (in the remaining 42 States and the District of
Columbia). "Spanish Language" referred to those persons who in 1970
reported Spanish as their mother tongue, as well as persons in families in
which the household head or spouse reported Spanish as his or her mother
tongue.
STANDARD CONSOLIDATED STATISTICAL AREA (SCSA). A large concentration of
metropolitan population composed of two or more contiguous standard
metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's) which together meet certain criteria
of population size, urban character, social and economic integration, and/or
contiguity of urbanized areas. Each SCSA must have a population of one
million or more. Thirteen SCSA's were in existence at the time of the 1980
census. They were defined by the Office of Management and Budget According
to criteria published by that office in Standard Metropolitan Statistical
Areas: 1975. Four additional SCSA's have been defined based on 1980 census
results. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas: 1975. Four additional
SCSA's have been defined based on 1980 census results.
SCSA's are identified by a 2-digit numeric code. Summaries for SCSA's
appear in many reports and in STF's 1C, 2C, 3C, 4C, and 5C. Summaries are
generally provided for SCSA totals and for within-State parts of SCSA's.
Historical comparability: The original 13 SCSA's were designated in 1975.
For the 1960 and 1970 censuses, the Census Bureau recognized two "Standard
Consolidated Areas" (SCA's), which encompassed metropolitan complexes around
New York and Chicago.
In 1983, the SCSA concept will be replaced by the new Consolidated
Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) concept, with somewhat more flexible
criteria, as spelled out in the Federal Register, January 3, 1980. These
changes will not affect publication of the 1980 census data for SCSA's.
STANDARD METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREA (SMSA). A large population nucleus
and nearby communities which have a high degree of economic and social
integration with that nucleus. Each SMSA consists of one or more entire
counties (or county equivalents) that meet specified standards pertaining to
population, commuting ties, and metropolitan character. In New England,
towns and cities, rather than counties, are the basic units and should be
substituted for "counties" where counties are cited below. SMSA's are
designated by the Office of Management and Budget.
Data products from the 1980 census will report on 323 SMSA's: (1) 287
defined before January 1, 1980 (including 4 in Puerto Rico); and (2) an
additional 36 (including one in Puerto Rico) established as a result of 1980
census population counts. The 36 new SMSA's were designated when 1980
counts showed that they met one or both of the following criteria:
1. Included a city with a population of at least 50,000 within its
corporate limits, or
2. Included a Census Bureau-defined urbanized area (which must have a
population of at least 50,000) and a total SMSA population of at
least 100,000 (or, in New England, 75,000).
An SMSA includes a city and, generally, its entire UA and the remainder of
the county or counties in which the UA is located. An SMSA also includes
such additional outlying counties which meet specified criteria relating to
metropolitan character and level of commuting of workers into the central
city or counties. Specific criteria governing the definition of SMSA's
recognized before 1980 are published in Standard Metropolitan Statistical
Areas: 1975, issued by the Office of Management and Budget.
With two exceptions, each SMSA has one or more central cities, up to a
maximum of three, and the names of these cities comprise the title, and of
the SMSA. The Nassau-Suffolk, NY SMSA has no central city, and the title of
the Northeast Pennsylvania SMSA does not contain the names of and three
central cities: Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, and Hazleton.
SMSA's are identified by a FIPS 4-digit numeric code, which follows the
alphabetic sequence of SMSA names. SMSA's are outlined on small-scale maps
in several 1980 report series. SMSA data appear in most 1980 census
publications and summary tape files. Many SMSA's cross State boundaries,
and reports in several series provide summaries for the State parts of
multi-State SMSA's, as well as SMSA totals. Summary tape files present data
only for State parts of SMSA's, except for the "national" files: STF's 1C,
2C, 3C, and 4C.
Historical comparability: A comparison of 1970 and 1980 census products
reveals two types of changes in metropolitan territory. First, 69 new
SMSA's were created from previously nonmetropolitan territory: 36 were
defined in 1981 based on 1980 population counts and 33 were defined between
1973 and 1979 based on current population estimates. (An additional
SMSA--Rapid City, SD--was provisionally recognized based on population
estimates, but it did not qualify according to 1980 census data.)
The second component of change to metropolitan territory between 1970 and
1980 was the redefinition of many of the SMSA's which were recognized in
1970 census tabulations. Of the 247 1970 SMSA's, 101 were redefined in 1973
based on 1970 census commuting data, most by the addition of one or more
counties (or towns and cities in New England). In addition, one SMSA was
redefined by the addition of one area and the deletion of another (Wichita
Falls, Texas), one was subdivided (Nassau-Suffolk SMSA was created from a
part of the New York SMSA), four pairs of SMSA's were combined into single
SMSA's (for example, Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas), and four SMSA's lost area
that was added to other SMSA's. In addition, the names of several SMSA's
were changed in 1973, one in such a way that the SMSA code also changed (San
Bernardino-Riverside-Ontario to Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario,
California).
Since SMSA's are always defined in terms of whole counties (towns or cities
in New England) for which extensive data are available, users can usually
compile figures for comparisons over time.
In 1983, SMSA boundaries will be re-evaluated using 1980 census data on
commuting, labor force, population density, type of residence, and
population growth, according to new criteria spelled out in the Federal
Register, January 3, 1980 (vol. 45, no. 2, pt. VI). At that ime, new
outlying counties may be added or existing ones deleted, some area titles
will be changed, some new central cities will be designated, some areas may
be consolidated, and a few new SMSA's may be created. Further, the term
"standard metropolitan statistical area" will be shortened to "metropolitan
statistical area" (MSA). These changes will not affect publication of 1980
census data for SMSA's.
STATE. The major political unit of the United States. The District of
Columbia is treated as a State-equivalent in all 1980 census data series.
Puerto Rico is also, except that it does not appear in the P.L. 94-171
population counts file. American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, the
remainder of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and the U.S. Virgin
Islands are treated as State equivalents for the presentation of data from
1980 census volume 1 reports, but data for these areas will be available on
computer tape only on STF's 1 and 3. States are identified by a 2-digit
FIPS code which follows the alphabetic sequence of State names (including
the District of Columbia), and by a 2-digit census geographic State code,
the first digit of which identifies the census division of which the State
is a part. Puerto Rico and the outlying areas have FIPS codes numerally
following the State codes.
Historical comparability: There have been no significant changes to State
boundaries in the last decade. Data for the Northern Mariana Islands are
reported separately from the remainder of the Trust Territory for the 1980
census.
See also: PUERTO RICO AND OUTLYING AREAS.
STATE ECONOMIC AREA (SEA). A single county or group of counties within a
State, which is relatively homogeneous with respect to economic and social
characteristics. The grouping of the 3,103 counties or county equivalents
in 1950 into SEA's was the product of a special study prepared by the Bureau
of the Census in cooperation with the Bureau of Agricultural Economics and
several State and private agencies. Boundaries were drawn in such a manner
that each economic area had certain significant characteristics which
distinguished it from adjoining areas. There are 510 SEA's.
SEA's are identified in census tabulations on computer tape by a 2-digit
numeric code or a 1-digit alphabetic code, assigned sequentially within the
State; however, no 1980 data are tabulated for SEA's.
Historical comparability: SEA boundaries have remained largely unchanged
since they were defined in 1950. In 1950, 501 areas were defined; in 1960,
509; and in 1970, 510.
See also: ECONOMIC SUBREGION (ESR).
TENURE. The classification of all occupied units as either owner-occupied
or renter-occupied. This item was asked on a complete-count basis.
Owner-occupied. A housing unit is "owner occupied" if the owner or
co-owner lives in the unit even if the unit is mortgaged or not fully
paid for.
Renter-occupied. All occupied housing units which are not
owner-occupied, regardless of whether or not cash rent is paid by a
member of the household. ("No cash rent" units, a subcategory of
renter-occupied, are separately identified in rent tabulations. Such
units are generally provided free by friends or relatives, or in
exchange for the services of, for example, a caretaker, minister, tenant
farmer, or sharecropper.)
Historical comparability: Tenure has been collected since 1890. In 1970,
the question on tenure also included a category for condominium and
cooperative ownership. In 1980, condominiums are identified in a separate
question.
TOWN/TOWNSHIP. See MINOR CIVIL DIVISION.
TRACT. See CENSUS TRACT.
UNITED STATES. This designation includes the 50 States and the District of
Columbia. STF's and most report series (usually in a separate U.S. Summary
report) provide data summarized for the United States.
URBAN AND RURAL (POPULATION). Urban and rural are type-of-area concepts
rather than specific areas outlined on maps. As defined by the Census
Bureau, the urban population comprises all persons living in urbanized areas
(UA's) and in places of 2,500 or more inhabitants outside UA's.
The rural population consists of everyone else. Therefore, a rural
classification need not imply farm residence or a sparsely settled area,
since a small city or town is rural as long as it is outside a UA and has
fewer than 2,500 inhabitants.
The terms urban and rural are independent of metropolitan and
nonmetropolitan designations; both urban and rural areas occur inside and
outside SMSA's.
Historical comparability: Except for the minor relaxation of UA criteria
discussed below, urban and rural definitions have been consistent since
1950. Within small counties, measurements of urban and rural populations
over time may be significantly affected by the increase or decrease of a
place's population across the 2,500 population threshold, e.g., the increase
of 1 person to a place of 2,499 results in an increase of 2,500 to the
county's urban population.
URBAN FRINGE. See URBANIZED AREA.
URBANIZED AREA (UA). A population concentration of at least 50,000
inhabitants, generally consisting of a central city and the surrounding,
closely settled, contiguous territory (suburbs).
The UA criteria define a boundary based primarily on a population density of
at least 1,000 persons per square mile, but also include some less densely
settled areas within corporate limits, and such areas as industrial parks
and railroad yards, if they are within areas of dense urban development.
The density level of 1,000 persons per square mile corresponds approximately
to the continuously built-up area around a city. The "urban fringe" is that
part of the UA outside of a central city.
Typically, an entire UA is included within an SMSA. The SMSA is usually
much larger in terms of territory covered and includes territory where the
population density is less than 1,000. Occasionally, more than one UA is
located within an SMSA. In some cases a small part of a UA may extend
beyond an SMSA boundary and possibly into an adjacent SMSA. A few 1980 UA's
will be defined in areas which do not meet the criteria for SMSA
designation. UA's may cross State boundaries. In a few cases, a UA does
not include all of an "extended" city, that is, a city which is determined
to have a significant amount of rural territory.
UA's are identified by 4-digit codes, which follow the alphabetic sequence
of all UA names. When a UA has the same name as an SMSA, the UA code is the
same as the SMSA code. UA boundaries are shown on final MMS/VMS maps, and
at much smaller scale on UA outline maps in PC80-1-A and HC80-1-A reports.
Historical comparability: Because UA's are defined on the basis of
population distribution at the time of a decennial census, their boundaries
tend to change following each census to include expanding urban development.
The criteria have been fairly constant since 1950, although in each decade
some new refinements have been added. For the 1970 census, in which 252
UA's were recognized, it was necessary for the central city to have a
population of 50,000 or more, or for there to be "twin cities" with a
combined population of 50,000 and with the smaller city having at least
15,000. In 1974, the criteria were liberalized to allow UA recognition to
certain cities between 25,000 and 50,000, and this resulted in 27 new
urbanized areas. For 1980, no minimum population size is required for a
central city.
WARD. Political subdivision of a city used for voting and representation
purposes. For 1980, in approximately 900 places of 10,000 inhabitants or
more and approximately 300 nonblock-numbered places, ward boundaries were
observed in the definition of enumeration districts (ED's). For these
areas, users may prepare ward data by summarizing ED data. In areas with
block statistics, users may prepare ward data by summarizing block data.
Historical comparability: Population counts for wards in places with a
population of 10,000 or more appeared in Supplementary Reports, PC-S1, in
1960 and 1970.
WHITE POPULATION. See RACE.
GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE WITHIN SUMMARY LEVEL
GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE WITHIN SUMMARY LEVEL
CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING, 1980 - MASTER AREA REFERENCE FILE
(MARF 2)
GEOGRAPHIC CONTENT
State County MCD/CCD Place
FILE IDENTIFICATION (5) A/N A/N A/N A/N
RECORD TYPE (4)
SUMMARY LEVEL (2) 04 11 12 13
URBAN AND RURAL COMPONENT (2)
INSIDE AND OUTSIDE SMSA'S COMPONENT (2)
RACE/SPANISH ORIGIN GROUP (2)
ANCESTRY GROUP (3)
BLOCKED PORTION INDICATOR (1)
FUNCTIONAL STATUS CODE (1) A A A A
CONSTITUTION INDICATOR (1) N/V N/V N/V N/V
COUNTY-PART INDICATOR (NEW ENGLAND) (1) N/V
REGION (1) N N N N
DIVISION (1) N N N N
STATE (2) N N N N
FEDERAL INFORMATION PROCESSING
STANDARD (FIPS) STATE (2) N N N N
FIPS STANDARD METROPOLITAN
STATISTICAL AREA (SMSA) 1/ (4) N/V N/V N/V
FIPS COUNTY (3) N N N
MINOR CIVIL DIVISION/CENSUS
COUNTY DIVISION (MCD/CCD) (3) N N
PLACE 2/ 4/ (4) N
TRACT OR BLOCK NUMBERING AREA
(BNA) 2/ 5/ (6)
BLOCK GROUP (1)
BLOCK (3)
PLACE - PART INDICATOR 4/ (1) N
TRACT - PART INDICATOR 5/ (1)
BLOCK - PART INDICATOR (1)
ENUMERATION DISTRICT (ED)
INDICATOR (PREFIX) 3/ (1)
ED NUMBER (4)
ED SUFFIX (1)
FIPS STANDARD CONSOLIDATED
STATISTICAL AREA (SCSA) 1/ (2) N/V N/V N/V
URBANIZED AREA (UA) (4)
CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT (CD) (2)
INDIAN RESERVATION/ALASKAN
NATIVE VILLAGE (ANV) (3)
MCD SEQUENCE NUMBER (4) N/V N/V
WARD (2)
STATE ECONOMIC AREA (SEA) (2) A/N A/N A/N
ECONOMIC SUB-REGION (ESR) (3) N N N
DISTRICT OFFICE 2/ (4) N N N N
RECORD SEQUENCE IDENTIFICATION (4) N N N N
SMSA SIZE 1/ (1) N/V N N
UA TYPE (1)
UA SIZE (1)
PLACE DESCRIPTION 4/ (1) A/N
PLACE SIZE 4/ (2) N
EXTENDED CITY INDICATOR (1) A/N
CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT (CBD) (1)
MCD/CCD SIZE (2) N N
INDIAN SUBRESERVATION (3)
FIPS PLACE (5) N N
STANDARD FEDERAL ADMINISTRATIVE
REGION (SFAR) (2) N N N N
LONGITUDE (7) N N N N
LATITUDE (6) N N N N
LAND AREA 6/ (9) N N N N
AREA NAME (10) A A A A
SUPPRESSION FLAGS (48) N N N N
1/ Code is blank for summary level 11 in New England States.
2/ Either present as a true code or all '9's wherever indicated.
3/ Only code A and N are shown, if applicable, for summary level 15.
4/ This code will not be present on summary level 14, 15 or 16 if the
summary level 13 has been eliminated as a redundant 'remainder' record.
5/ This code will not be present on summary level 16 if the summary level
14 has been eliminated as a redundant 'remainder' record.
6/ Provided only for county subdivisions with 2,500 or more population.
A = Alphabetic code
N = Numeric code
A/N = Alphanumeric code
V = Code sometimes does not appear
GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE WITHIN SUMMARY LEVEL
(CONTINUED)
CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING, 1980 - MASTER AREA REFERENCE FILE
(MARF 2)
GEOGRAPHIC CONTENT
Tract BG ED
FILE IDENTIFICATION (5) A/N A/N A/N
RECORD TYPE (4)
SUMMARY LEVEL (2) 14 15 16
URBAN AND RURAL COMPONENT (2) N N
INSIDE AND OUTSIDE SMSA'S COMPONENT (2)
RACE/SPANISH ORIGIN GROUP (2)
ANCESTRY GROUP (3)
BLOCKED PORTION INDICATOR (1)
FUNCTIONAL STATUS CODE (1) A A A
CONSTITUTION INDICATOR (1) N/V N/V N/V
COUNTY-PART INDICATOR (NEW ENGLAND) (1)
REGION (1) N N N
DIVISION (1) N N N
STATE (2) N N N
FEDERAL INFORMATION PROCESSING
STANDARD (FIPS) STATE (2) N N N
FIPS STANDARD METROPOLITAN
STATISTICAL AREA (SMSA) 1/ (4) N/V N/V N/V
FIPS COUNTY (3) N N N
MINOR CIVIL DIVISION/CENSUS
COUNTY DIVISION (MCD/CCD) (3) N N N
PLACE 2/ 4/ (4) N/V N/V N/V
TRACT OR BLOCK NUMBERING AREA
(BNA) 2/ 5/ (4) N N N/V
BLOCK GROUP (1) N
BLOCK (3)
PLACE - PART INDICATOR 4/ (1) N/V N/V N/V
TRACT - PART INDICATOR 5/ (1) N N N/V
BLOCK - PART INDICATOR (1)
ENUMERATION DISTRICT (ED)
INDICATOR (PREFIX) 3/ (1) A/V A/V
ED NUMBER (4) N
ED SUFFIX (1) A/V
FIPS STANDARD CONSOLIDATED
STATISTICAL AREA (SCSA) 1/ (2) N/V N/V N/V
URBANIZED AREA (UA) (4) N/V N/V
CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT (CD) (2) N N
INDIAN RESERVATION/ALASKAN
NATIVE VILLAGE (ANV) (3) N/V N/V
MCD SEQUENCE NUMBER (4) N/V N/V N/V
WARD (2) N/V N/V
STATE ECONOMIC AREA (SEA) (2) A/N A/N A/N
ECONOMIC SUB-REGION (ESR) (3) N N N
GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE WITHIN SUMMARY LEVEL
(CONTINUED)
CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING, 1980 - MASTER AREA REFERENCE FILE
(MARF 2)
GEOGRAPHIC CONTENT
Tract BG ED
DISTRICT OFFICE 2/ (4) N N N
RECORD SEQUENCE IDENTIFICATION (4) N N N
SMSA SIZE 1/ (1) N N N
UA TYPE (1) N N
UA SIZE (1) N N
PLACE DESCRIPTION 4/ (1) A/N/V A/N/V A/N/V
PLACE SIZE 4/ (2) N/V N/V N/V
EXTENDED CITY INDICATOR (1) A/V A/V A/V
CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT (CBD) (1) A/V A/V A/V
MCD/CCD SIZE (2) N N N
INDIAN SUBRESERVATION (3) N/V N/V
FIPS PLACE (5) N/V N/V N/V
STANDARD FEDERAL ADMINISTRATIVE
REGION (SFAR) (2) N N N
LONGITUDE (7) N N N
LATITUDE (6) N N N
LAND AREA 6/ (9)
AREA NAME (10) A A A
SUPPRESSION FLAGS (48) N N N
1/ Code is blank for summary level 11 in New England States.
2/ Either present as a true code or all '9's wherever indicated.
3/ Only code A and N are shown, if applicable, for summary level 15.
4/ This code will not be present on summary level 14, 15 or 16 if the
summary level 13 has been eliminated as a redundant 'remainder' record.
5/ This code will not be present on summary level 16 if the summary level
14 has been eliminated as a redundant 'remainder' record.
6/ Provided only for county subdivisions with 2,500 or more population.
A = Alphabetic code
N = Numeric code
A/N = Alphanumeric code
V = Code sometimes does not appear
