Red Wolf Bibliography: Update to USFWS Technical Report No. 9

(This list was compiled by the Recovery Implementation Team. Additional books about Red Wolves )

Acton, A. E., L. Munson, and W. T. Waddell. 2000. Survey of necropsy results in captive red wolves ( Canis rufus ), 1992 - 1996. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 31(1): 2 - 8.

Adams, J. R., L. P. Waits, B. T. Kelly. 2003. Using faecal DNA sampling and GIS to monitor hybridization between red wolves ( Canis rufus ) and coyotes ( Canis latrans ). Molecular Ecology 12:2175-2186.

_____ and L.P. Waits. In press. An efficient method for screening faecal DNA genotypes and detecting new individuals and hybrids in the red wolf (Canis rufus) experimental population area. Conservation Genetics.

Aguirre, G. D., V. Baldwin, K. M. Weeks, G. M. Acland, and K. Ray. 1999. Frequency of the codon 807 mutation in the cGMP phosphodiesterase beta-subunit gene in Irish setters and other dog breeds with hereditary retinal degeneration. Journal of Heredity 90(1): 143-147.

Alderton, D. 1994. Foxes, wolves and wild dogs of the world. Facts on File, Inc. New York, New York. 192 pages.

Alexander, H. E. 1965. Progress report. Endangered Species Subcommittee, Forest Game Committee, Southeast Section, Wildlife Society Meeting, Tulsa, Oklahoma. 4 pages.

Allen, Thomas B. 1974. We're going to lose some.... Pages 81-92 in T. B. Allen, Vanishing wildlife of North America. National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C.

Allendorf, F. W., R. F. Leary, P. Spruell, and J. K. Wenburg. 2001. The problem with hybrids: setting conservation guidelines. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 16(11): 613-622.

Alvin, V. and R. Silverstein. 1994. Red wolf. The Millbrook Press, Brookfield, Connecticut. 64 pages.

Anon. 1977. Wolves get second go at Cape Romain. Page 62 in South Carolina Wildlife. November-December, 1977.

_____. 1995. Marauding red wolves may be legally shot. National Geographic October:143.

_____. 1995. Red wolf - Helms loses bid to halt recovery. Defenders, Summer:6.

_____. 1999. Red wolf program fares well before Fourth Circuit panel. Endangered Species & Wetlands Report. Poplar Publishing. 5(2): 6-7.

Atkins, D. L. 1970. Comparative morphology and evolution of the cerebellum in the mammalian order Carnivora. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.

Auckley, J. 1982. Can the red wolf be saved? Missouri Conservationist 43(1): 14-16.

Bauer, E. A. 1994. Wild Dogs - the wolves, coyotes, and foxes of North America. Chronicle Books. San Francisco, California. 119 pages.

Bean, M. J. 1993. Fortify the act. National Parks 67(5-6):22-24.

Bergman, C. 1998. Zoos and the wolf comeback. Defenders 73(1): 28-33.

Beyer, A. B. and M. Grossman. 1997. Tick paralysis in a red wolf. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 33:900-902.

Blake, E. 1992. High noon for hybrids. Pacific Discovery Spring:15-21.

Bonner, F. 1995. NC takes on the USFWS - red wolf update. Varmit Masters March: 16-18.

_____. 1996. "Let's stop NFWF support of the 'red wolf' program now." North American Big Game 4(2):8-11.

Bourne, J. 1995. Hyde County's wolf war. Defenders 70(2):10-17.

Brickell, J. 1737. The natural history of North Carolina. Page 417 in James Carson, printer. Dublin.

Brownlow, A. C. 1996. Molecular taxonomy and the conservation of the red wolf and other endangered carnivores. Conservation Biology 10(2):390-396.

Bueler, L.E. 1974. Wild dogs of the world. London: Constable, 274pp.

Busch, R. H. 1995. The Wolf Almanac. Lyons & Buford. New York, New York. 226 pages.

Camuto, C. 1997. Another Country: journeying toward the Cherokee Mountains. Henry Holt and Company. New York, New York. 351 pages.

Carley, C. J. 1974. The red wolf recovery program. The Wild Canid Survival and Research Center News 2(3):2-3.

_____. 1977. The status and future of the red wolf (Canis rufus). Proceedings American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums. Annual Conference. pp. 25-29.

Castro, J. E. 1992. Running wild in Ohio. Appalachia 25(4):28-34.

Chadwick, D. H. 1995. Dead or alive - the Endangered Species Act. National Geographic March: 2-41.

Chaffee, J. H. 1995. Turning the tide? Guest Opinion, Defenders, Fall:36-37.

Cornay, P. 1973. The rare red wolf. Pacific Discovery 26(5): 30-32.

Crissey, S., K. Ange, K. Slifka, P. Bowen, S. M. Stacewicz, C. Langman, W. Sadler, and A. Ward. 2001. Serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites, vitamins A and E, and cartenoids in six canid and four ursid species at four zoos. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular and Integrative Physiology 128A(1): 155-165.

Cronin, M. A. 1993. Mitochondrial DNA in wildlife taxonomy and conservation biology: cautionary notes. Wildlife Society Bulletin 21:339-348.

Daniels, E. 1997. Wolf Walking. Illustrations by Judi Rideout, Stewart, Tabori & Chang, New York. 96 p.

Davis, W. B., and D. J. Schmidly. 1994. The Mammals of Texas. Texas Parks & Wildlife (Revised). Austin, Texas. Pages 217 - 220.

DeBlieu, J. 1992. Could the red wolf be a mutt? New York Times Magazine, June 14, 1992:30-31,42,44,46.

Dickson, J.G. 2001. Early history. Pages 20-30 in James G. Dickson, (ed.) Wildlife of Southern Forests: Habitat and Management. Hancock House Publishing. Blaine, Washington.

Dugas, L. 1976. Ecological observations of wild canids in Iberia Parish, Louisiana.

Louisiana Academy of Sciences. Proceedings, 39: 113. Abstract only.

Elder, W. H. 1975. Taxonomic determination of Missouri canids by discriminant function. American Society of Mammalogists. Special Publications. 55 th Annual Meeting. University of Montana.

Federoff, N. E. and R. M. Nowak. 1998. Cranial and dental abnormalities of the endangered red wolf Canis rufus . Acta Theriologica 43(3): 293-300.

_____ and F. Kueppers. 2000. Polymorphism of a 1 - Antitrypsin in North American species of Canis . Journal of Heredity 91(2): 174-176.

Fiennes, R. 1976. The order of wolves. Bobbs-Merrill. Indianapolis and New York. 206 pages.

Fisher, F. M., Jr., and L. Wong. 1975. Report on halogenated hydrocarbon residues in the "Red Wolf" from the northwest gulf coast. Rice University, Houston, Texas.

Fitzgerald, L. V. 1972. The identity and status of the wild species of Canis in Louisiana. M.S. thesis. Louisiana Technical University. 27 pages.

Fox, M.W. (Ed.). 1975. The Wild Canids: Their Systematics, Behavioral Ecology and Evolution. London: Van Nostrand Reinhold. 508 + xvi pages.

Freeman, R. C. 1975. Taxonomic status of the wild Canis in Oklahoma. Quarterly Progress Report. Oklahoma Cooperative Wildlife Resource Unit. Oklahoma State University. Stillwater, Oklahoma. 28(4): 15-21.

Gibson, N. 1996. Wolves. Voyager Press. 72 pages.

Gipson, P. S. 1972. The taxonomy, reproductive biology, food habits and range of wild Canis (Canidae) in Arkansas. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Arkansas. 196 pages. From Dissertation Abstracts. Int. B Sci. Eng. 33(5).

_____ and Sealander, J. A. 1976. Changing food habits of wild canids in Arkansas USA with emphasis on coyote hybrids and feral dogs. American Midland Naturalist 95(1): 249-253.

Gilbreath, J. D. 1998. A bright decade for the red wolf. Endangered Species Bulletin. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, DC XXIII(2-3):18-20.

_____ and M. K. Phillips. 1997. Red wolves and private land. Pages 161 - 164 in N. Fascione and M. Cecil (eds.). Proceedings, Defenders of Wildlife Wolves of America Conference. Washington, D.C.

_____ and V. G. Henry. 1998. Red wolf recovery: regulations and private lands in Northeaster North Carolina. Transactions 63 rd North American Wildlife and Resource Conference. 451-456.

Goodrowe, K. L, M. A. Hay, C. C. Platz, S. K. Behrns, M. H. Jones, W. T. Waddell. 1998. Characteristics of fresh and frozen-thawed red wolf ( Canis rufus ) spermatozoa. Animal Reproduction Science. 53:299-308.

_____, S. Walker, D. Ryckman, G. Mastromonaco, M. A. Hay, H. Bateman, and W. T. Waddell. 2000. Piecing together the puzzle of carnivore reproduction. Animal Reproduction Science 60-61:389-403.

_____, S. Walker, D. Ryckman, G. Mastromonaco, M. A. Hay, H. Bateman, C. Platz, and W. T. Waddell. 2000. In vitro maintenance and effects of cooling and cryopreservation on red wolf ( Canis rufus ) sperm characteristics. Proceedings, 4 th International Symposium on Canine and Feline Reproduction. Oslo, Noway. 70 pages.

_____, G. F. Mastromonaco, S. L. Walker, H. L. Bateman, D. P. Ryckman, C. C. Platz, and W. T. Waddell. 2001. In vitro maintenance, cooling and cryopreservation of red wolf ( Canis rufus ) spermatozoa. Journals of Reproduction and Fertility Supplement 57:387-392.

Greely, M. 1996. Wolf. Metro Books. 144 pages.

Hall, E. R. 1981. Canis rufus , Red Wolf. The Mammals of North America. Pages 933-935. John Wiley and Sons. New York, NY.

Hampton, B. 1997. The Great American Wolf. Henry Holt and Company, New York. 308 pages.

Harrelson, D, M. Hutchins, E. Diebold, W. Waddell, M. Wallace, and D. Warmolts. 1998. Building partnerships with zoos and aquariums. Endangered Species Bulletin. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, DC XXIII(2-3):32-35.

Harrenstien, L. A., L. Munson, E. C. Ramsay, C. F. Lucash, S. A., Kania, and L. N. D. Potgieter. 1997. Antibody responses of red wolves to canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus vaccination. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 33(3): 600-605.

Hedrick, P. W., R. N. Lee, and K. M. Parker. 2000. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) variation in the endangered Mexican wolf and related canids. Heredity 85(6): 617-624.

_____, R. N. Lee, and D. Garrigan. 2002. Major histocompatibility complex variation in red wolves: evidence for common ancestry with coyote and balancing selection. Molecular Ecology 11: 1905-1913.

Henry, V. G. 1995. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; final rule for nonessential experimental populations of red wolves in North Carolina and Tennessee. Federal Register 60(71):18940-18948.

_____. 1997. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; 90-day finding for a petition to delist the red wolf. Federal Register 62(236):64799-64800.

_____. 1998. Notice of termination of the red wolf reintroduction project in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Federal Register 63(195):54152-54153.

_____. 2000. The red wolf and the endangered species act. Unpublished paper presented at the 5 th Louisiana Environmental Law Conference, "Environment 2000: Law, Science, and the Public Interest." Tulane Law School. New Orleans, Louisiana.

_____, and J. Tennyson. 1994. Red wolf ( Canis rufus ). Biologue Series (Revision). U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2 pages.

_____, M. K. Phillips, W. T. Waddell, and T. Lewis. 1995. Protocol for island propagation projects. Red Wolf Management Series Technical Report Number 11. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Atlanta, Georgia. 50 pages.

_____ and C. F. Lucash. 1998. Red wolf status report. Proceedings, Conservation Research Consortium. Riverbanks Zoo & Garden. Columbia, South Carolina.

_____ and R. M. Nowak. 2000. The red wolf: A historical and prehistorical perspective. Red Wolf Management Series Technical Report Number 12. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Atlanta, Georgia. 10 pages.

Hill, K. D. 1993. The endangered species act: what do we mean by species? Boston College Environmental Aff. Law Review 20(2):239-265.

Houck, B. J. 1999. Indices of abundance for potential prey and competitors of the red wolf. M.S. Thesis, Mississippi State University. Mississippi State, Mississippi. 115 pages.

Jackson, R. S. 1961. Home on the Double Bayou. University of Texas Press. p. 136.

Kalinowski, S. T., P. W. Hedrick, and P. S. Miller. 1999. No inbreeding depression observed in Mexican and red wolf captive breeding programs. Conservation Biology 13(6): 1371-1377.

Kearns, K., J. Sleeman, L. Frank, L. Munson. 2000. Zinc responsive dematosis in a red wolf ( Canis rufus ). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 31(2): 255-258.

Kelly, B. T. 1992. Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge red wolf ( Canis rufus ) scat analysis. BTK Consulting, Providence, Utah. 13 pages.

_____. 1994. Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge red wolf ( Canis rufus ) scat analysis - preliminary analyses of mammalian prey consumed by: year, season,pack, sex, and age. BTK Consulting, Providence, Utah. 48 pages.

_____, P. S. Miller, and U. S. Seal (eds.). 1999. Population and habitat viability assessment workshop for the red wolf ( Canis rufus ). Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (SSC/IUCN). 88 pages.

_____, and M. K. Phillips. 2000. Red Wolf. in Reading, R. P. and B. Miller (eds). Endangered Animals. A Reference Guide to Conflicting Issues. Greenwood Press. Westport, Connecticut. 383 pages.

Kitchen, A.M. and F.F. Knowlton. 2006. Cross-fostering in coyotes: Evaluation of a potential conservation and research tool for canids. Biological Conservation 129(2): 221-225.

Koehler, J. K., C. C. Platz, Jr., W. Waddell, M. H. Jones, R. Smith, and S. Behrns. 1994. Spermophagy in semen in the red wolf, Canis rufus . Molecular Reproduction and Development 37: 457-461.

_____, C. C. Platz Jr., W. Waddell, M.H. Jones, and S. Behrns. 1998. Semen parameters and electron microscope observations of the red wolf Canis rufus . Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 114(1): 95-101.

Kurten, B., and E. Anderson. 1980. Pleistocene mammals of North America. Columbia University Press. New York, New York.

Larsen, S. R., M. R. Loomis, B. T. Kelly, A. B. Beyer, M. K. Stoskopf, and W. A. Horne. 2001. Immobilization of red wolves ( Canis rufus ) with medetomidine and butorphanol. Proceedings AAZV, AAWV, ARAV, NAZWV Joint Conference. pp. 171-175.

_____, M. R. Loomis, B. T. Kelly, K. K. Sladky, M. K. Stoskopf, and W. A. Horne. 2002. Cardiorespiratory effects of medetomidine-butorphanol, medetomidine-butorphanol-diazepam, and medetomidine-butophanol-ketamine in captive red wolves ( Canis rufus ). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 33(2):101-107.

Link, M. and K. Crowley. 1994. Following the pack. The world of wolf research. Voyager Press. Stillwater, Minnesota 200 pages.

Lowery, G. H. Jr. 1974. Mammals of Louisiana and its adjacent waters. Louisiana State University Press. Baton Rouge, Louisiana. pp. 387-394.

Lowman, G. E. 1975. A survey of endangered, threatened, rare, status undetermined, peripheral, and unique mammals of the southeastern national forests and grasslands. USDA Forestry Service Contract 38-2601.

Lucash, C. F. and B. Crawford. 1994. Reestablishment of red wolves in the southern Appalachian mountains, October 9, 1992, to December 31, 1993. Annual Summary. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Atlanta, Georgia. 15 pages.

_____ and B. Crawford. 1995. Reestablishment of red wolves in the southern Appalachian mountains, January 1, 1994, to December 31, 1994. Annual Summary. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Atlanta, Georgia. 14 pages.

_____ and B. Crawford. 1996. Reestablishment of red wolves in the southern Appalachian mountains, January 1, 1995, to December 31, 1995. Annual Summary. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Atlanta, Georgia. 20 pages.

_____, B. Crawford and J. D. Clark. 1998. Species repatriation: red wolf. Pages 225 - 246 in J. D. Piene, editor. Ecosystem management for sustainability. Lewis Publishing, Boca Raton, Florida.

Luoma, J. R. 1992. Born to be wild. Audubon 94(1): 50-60.

Mahan, B. R., Gipson, P. S., and R. M. Case. 1978. Characteristics and distribution of coyote x dog hybrids collected in Nebraska USA. American Midlands Naturalist 100(2): 408-415.

Mangun, W. R., N. Lucas, J. C. Mangun, and J. Whitehead. 1997. Valuing red wolf recovery efforts at Alligator River NWR: measuring citizen support. Pages 165 - 171 in N. Fascione and M. Cecil, (eds.). Proceedings, Defenders of Wildlife Wolves of America Conference. Washington, D.C.

Manuel, J. 1994. The political predator. Friend of Wildlife 42(3):2-6.

_____. 1995. Red wolf showdown - the release program in North Carolina is in trouble. Audubon, March/April:22, 24.

Markham, D. 1993. A generation closer to wild. Tennessee Wildlife 17(2): 21-25.

McIntyre, R. 1995. War against the wolf. America's campaign to exterminate the wolf. Voyageur Press. Stillwater, Minnesota. 495 pages.

McCarley, H. 1975. Progress report: vocalization in red wolves, coyotes, and hybrids. Appendix B. Austin College.

_____ and Carley, C. J. 1976. Canis latrans and C. rufus vocalization: a continuum. Southwestern Naturalist 21(3): 399-400.

McLellan, S.R. and D.R. Rabon Jr. 2006. Translocating red wolves using a modified soft-release technique. Canid News. IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group.

Mech, L. D. 1991. The way of the wolf. Voyageur Press. 120 pages.

_____ and N. E. Federoff. 2002. Alpha1-antitrypsin polymorphism and systematics of eastern North American wolves. Canadian Journal of Zoology 80(5): 961-963.

Miller, C., J. Adams, and L. Waits. 2003. Pedigree based assignment tests for reversing coyote (Canis latrans) introgression into the wild red wolf (Canis rufus) population. Molecular Ecology 12: 3287-3301.

Miller, G. S., Jr. 1912. The names of two North American wolves. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington (25): 95.

Moan, S. J. 1973. Red wolf's decline - only 100 remain in U. S. - Naturalists are out to save them. Defenders of Wildlife News 48(5): 552-553.

Morse, M. L. 1995. Reestablishment of red wolves in the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge, North Carolina, January 1, 1994 to December 31, 1994. Annual Summary. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Atlanta, Georgia. 20 pages.

_____ 1996. Reestablishment of red wolves in the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge, North Carolina, January 1, 1995 to December 31, 1995. Annual Summary. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Atlanta, Georgia. 19 pages.

_____. 1997. Reproduction of red wolves in the wild in eastern North Carolina, 1987 - 1995. Pages 154 - 160 in N. Fascione and M. Cecil, eds., Proceedings Defenders of Wildlife Wolves of America Conference. Washington, D.C.

Murray, J. A. (Editor). 1993. Out among the wolves: contemporary writings on the wolf. Alaska Northwest Books, Seattle, Washington. 247 pages.

Neiffer, D. L., E. C. Klein, C. Becker-Courtney, and S. K. Marks. 1999. Cecal inversion and subsequent colocolic intussusception in a red wolf ( Canis rufus gregoryi ). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 30(1): 119-125.

Nemecek, S. 1996. Return of the red wolf: controversy over taxonomy endangers protection efforts. Scientific American January: 31-32.

Neville, M. A. T. 1977. In South Carolina, another transplant runs into trouble. National Wildlife 15(5):10-11.

_____. 1978. Status and recovery of the red wolf. Proceedings, Rare and Endangered Wildlife Symposium. R. R. Odom & L. Landers (eds.). Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Game & Fish Division, Technical Bulletin. WL; 4: 134-144.

_____. 1978. Counterfeit wolves and lonely islands. Sierra Club Bulletin 63(2):22-23.

Nickens, T. E. 2002. Canid conundrum. National Wildlife. December/January. 22-27.

Nowak, R. M. 1992. Wolves: the great travelers of evolution. International Wolf 2(4): 3-7.

_____. 1995. Hybridization: the double-edged threat. Canid News (3): 2-6.

_____ and N. E. Federoff. 1997. Systematics of wolves in eastern North America. Pages 187 - 203 in N. Fascione and M. Cecil, (eds.). Proceedings, Defenders of Wildlife Wolves of America Conference. Washington, D.C.

_____. 1998. Validity of the red wolf: Response to Roy et al. Conservation Biology 12: 722-725.

_____. 2002. The original status of wolves in eastern North America. Southeastern Naturalist 1(2): 95-130.

Patent, D. H. 1990. Gray wolf. Red wolf. Clarion Books. New York, New York. 64 pages.

_____. 1997. Back to the Wild. Gulliver Green/Harcourt Brace & Co. New York, New York. 69 pages.

Parker, B. K. 1998. North American Wolves. Carolrhoda Books Inc. Minneapolis, Minnesota. 48 pages.

Parker, W. T. 1987. Reintroduction of the red wolf - formula for success. Proceedings of the International Wolf Symposium 72-77. Defenders of Wildlife and the National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C.

Phillips, M. K. 1994. Reestablishment of red wolves in the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge, North Carolina, September 14, 1987, to September 30, 1992. Red Wolf Management Series Technical Report Number 10. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Atlanta, Georgia. 26 pages.

_____. 1995. Conserving the red wolf. Canid News (3):13-17.

_____. 1997. Do we know how to restore wolves? A ten year perspective. Pages 41 - 46 in N. Fascione and M. Cecil, eds., Proceedings Defenders of Wildlife Wolves of America Conference. Washington, D.C.

_____, V. G. Henry, and B. T. Kelly. 2003. Restoration of the red wolf. Pages 272-288 in L. D. Mech and L. Boitani, eds. Wolves: behavior, ecology, and conservation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.

Pimlott, D. H. 1972. Wolves around the world. National Parks and Conservation Magazine 46(8): 18-22.

Quintal, P. K. M. 1995. Public attitudes and beliefs about the red wolf and its recovery in North Carolina. Unpublished M.S. Thesis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh. 75 pages.

Rancourt, L. 1997. Red wolf redux. National Parks 71(5-6):47.

Reed, D. and D. Anderson. 1981. The red wolf. AtTheZoo 2(3):8-10. Audubon Zoological Gardens, New Orleans, Louisiana.

Reich, P. E., R. K. Wayne, and D. B. Goldstein. 1999. Genetic evidence for a recent origin by hybridization of red wolves. Molecular Ecology 8(1):139-144.

Riley, G. A. 1973. Notes on the red wolf. Symposium Rare and Endangered Wildlife. SW U. S., Santa Fe; 8-11.

_____ and R. T. McBride. 1975. A survey of the red wolf ( Canis rufus ). Pages 263-277 in M. W. Fox (ed.). The Wild Canids; Their Systematics, Behavioral Ecology, and Evolution. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY.

Roberts, B. G. 1939. The tricks of trapping wolves. For. Outdoors 35(11): 340-341.

Roper, T. J. and J. Lyon. 1977. Mutual synchronization of diurnal activity rhythms in groups of red wolf, coyote hybrids. Journal of Zoology London 182(2): 177-186.

Rothschild, B. M., C. Rothschild, and R. J. Woods. 2001. Inflammatory arthritis in canids: Spondyloarthropathy. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 32(1): 58-64.

Rosen, W. E. 1997. Red wolf recovery in northeastern North Carolina and the Great Smoky Mountains National Park: Public attitudes and economic impacts. Final Report. Department of Policy Analysis and Management. Cornell University. Ithaca, New York. 158 pages.

_____. 1997. Recovery of the red wolf in northeastern North Carolina and the Great Smoky Mountains National Park: an analysis of the social and economic impacts. Pages 172 - 177 in N. Fascione and M. Cecil, eds., Proceedings Defenders of Wildlife Wolves of America Conference. Washington, D.C.

Route, B. and L. Aylsworth. 1999. World Wolf Status Report 1999. International Wolf, 9(3): Appendix 1-4.

Roy, M. S., E. Geffen, D. Smith, E. Ostrander, and R. K. Wayne. 1994. Patterns of differentiation and hybridization in North American wolf-like canids revealed by analysis of microsatellite loci. Molecular Biology and Evolution 11(4):553-570.

_____, E. Geffen, D. Smith, and R. K. Wayne. 1994. Microsatellite loci as a population genetic tool: a hybrid origin of the red wolf confirmed. International Meeting of the Society for Conservation Biology and the Association for Tropical Biology.

_____, D. J. Girman, A. C. Taylor, and R. K. Wayne. 1994. The use of museum specimens to reconstruct the genetic variability and relationships of extinct populations. Experientia 50:1-7.

_____, E. Geffen, S. Smith, and R. K. Wayne. 1996. Molecular genetics of pre-1940 red wolves. Conservation Biology 10(5): 1413-1424.

Ruggles, A. and C. Black. 1981. Canis rufus - species, hybrid or subspecies? The Journal, Fall:4-23. North American Wolf Society.

Ryon, C. J. 1979. Aspects of dominance behavior in groups of sibling coyote Canis latrans and red wolf Canis niger hybrids. Behavioral and Neural Biology 25(1).

Rutte, R. J., and D. H. Pimlott. 1967. The world of the wolf. J. B. Lippincott, New York.

Savage, C. 1988. Wolves. Sierra Club Books. San Francisco. 159 pages.

_____. 1996. The World of the Wolf. Sierra Club Books. 114 pages. (Revised edition of: Wolves. 1988).

Schneider, J. N. 1999. Analysis of short range vocalizations in captive red wolves ( Canis rufus ). Senior Thesis Research. University of Puget Sound. 51 pages.

Seal, U. S. 1971. Biochemical taxonomic diagnosis of the red wolf. Final Report. Contract No. 14-16-0008-548 University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. 70 pages.

Shaw, J. H. 1975. Some contributions to the ecology and systematic position of the red wolf: an interim report. In M. W. Fox (ed.). The Wild Canids; Their Systematics, Behavioral Ecology, and Evolution. Pp. 278-279. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY.

_____. 1975. New taxonomic criteria for the red wolf ( Canis rufus ) American Society of Mammalogists. Special Publications, 55 th Annual Meeting. University of Montana.

Shelton, N., R. Miller, K. Ballentine, and V. G. Henry. 1994. Public education pays off at Great Smokies in smooth sailing for red wolf release. Park Science - A Resource Management Bulletin 14(3):18-19.

Sillero-Zubiri, C., Hoffmann, M. and MacDonald, D. W. (eds). 2004. Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. x+430 pp.

Simons, T., J. Weller, R. Escher, and D. Bradshaw. 1990. Red wolves thrive at Gulf Islands. Pages 6-7 in Park Science, October.

Sladky, K. K., M. R. Loomis, B. T. Kelly, M. K. Stoskopf, and W. A. Horne. 1999.

Comparative anesthetic efficacy and cardiopulmonary effects of medetomidine-ketamine combinations and xylazine-ketamine in red wolves ( Canis rufus ) American Association of Zoo Veterinarians. Annual Proceedings, Columbus, Ohio 49-52. (abstract only).

_____, B. T. Kelly, M. R. Loomis, M. K. Stoskopf, and W. A. Horne. 2000. Cardiorespiratory effects of four alpha2-adrenoreceptor agonist-ketamine combinations in captive red wolves. Journal American Veterinary Medical Association 217(9): 1366-1371.

Slaughter, B. H. 1977. Wolves, coyotes, ducks, and hybridism. Texas Journal of Science 28(1-4): 351-354.

Smith, R. C. 1996. Journey of the red wolf. Cobblehill Books. New York. 60 pages.

Soileau, C. 1977. Epitaph for a canine. Louisiana Conservationist 29(7-8):14-17.

Steinhart, P. 1995. The Company of Wolves. Alfred A. Knopf. New York. 374 pages.

Stevens, J. T. 1977. Almost gone. Texas Parks and Wildlife 35(5):2-7.

Stoskopf, M.K., K. Beck, B.B. Fazio, T.K. Fuller, E.M. Gese, B.T. Kelly, F.F. Knowlton, D.L. Murray, W.T. Waddell, and L.P. Waits. 2005. Implementing recovery of the red wolf: integrating research, scientists, and managers. Wildlife Society Bulletin 33(3): 1145-1152.

Stroud, R. K. 1998. Forensic evaluations of wolf carcasses: Is Ms. Red Riding Hood guilty? Abstract. Annual Wildlife Disease Association Conference, No. 47: 114. Madison, Wisconsin. (abstract only).

Stutzenbacker, C. D. 1968. Coastal marsh management. Survey Job No. 6. Mottled duck status. Job progress report on Federal Aid Project No. W-96-R-3. 9 pages.

Theberge, J. B and M. T. Theberge. 1998. Wolf Country. Eleven years tracking the Algonquin wolf. McClelland & Stewart Inc. Totonto, Canada. 294 pages.

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