El autor analiza en la evolucion de la represion penal plural entre “iguales y extranos” desde una perspectiva historica considerando que esa diferenciacion muchas veces oculta detras de otras denominaciones. El poder central de la Iglesia se reafirmo en su poder punitivo, lanzado contra los disidentes, contra las brujas y mas tarde contra los protestantes. A lo largo de de la historia la represion siempre se ejercio de modo diferente. Los iguales siempre merecieron otra consideracion, salvo cuando fuesen politicos disidentes, en cuyo caso eran tratados como extranos. El trato a los extranos distinguia entre infractores graves y molestos. Los considerados simplemente inferiores que eran explotados (indios, siervos y negros) y sometidos a eliminacion ejemplarizante por muerte en caso de resistencia. Este panorama se extendio hasta la Revolucion Industrial periodo a partir del que se atenua el control penal diferenciado. Considera a continuacion la situacion en los autoritarismos de entre guerras (nazismo, fascismo, stalinismo) que distinguen claramente entre los extranos y disidentes y los iguales. Los disidentes fueron sometidos a tribunales policiales especiales o ejecutados sin proceso. Analiza luego lo que ocurre en los Estados Unidos en las ultimas decadas, donde la poblacion penal dominante pertenece a minorias afro o latinoamericana y se las condena mediante el forzamiento a la negociacion. Los iguales son tratados segun los manuales. Ultimamente la legislacion penal antiterrorista (Ley patriotica) cancelo garantias constitucionales. A continuacion hace referencia a las dictaduras de seguridad nacional latinoamericanas que aplicaron penas, establecieron dos sistemas penales paralelos para los disidentes: un sistema penal que los eliminaba mediante detenciones administrativas ilimitadas y otro sistema penal subterraneo, que procedia a la eliminacion directa por muerte y desaparicion forzada, sin proceso alguno. Seguidamente, el autor analiza la evolucion historica del “saber juridico penal del enemigo”, la partir de la idea que el infractor es inferior por su incapacidad para acceder al mundo de las ideas puras. Posteriormente, los criminologos medievales impusieron el procedimiento inquisitorial. En una etapa posterior, con el “positivismo criminologico”. Los extranos resultan mucho mas peligrosos que los iguales y solo cabe eliminarlos. El autor arriba a algunas reflexiones y afirma que no existe una conclusion, pues se trata de un “formidable problema politico”.

The author analyzes the evolution of plural criminal repression between “peers and different people” from a historical view, considering that on many occasions. such a difference is hidden behind other names The Church main power was reaffirmed through its punitive power, used against mavericks, witches and later on against protestants. Repression has always been exercised in several ways through history. The peers have always deserved special consideration, except when maverick politicians, in which case they were treated as different people. Different people were distinguished between serious and annoying transgressors. Those considered simply inferior were exploited (indigenous people, servants and negroes) and, and in case of resistance were submitted to elimination by death, as an example. This was the landscape until the Industrial Revolution as from which period the differential criminal control was softened. The author then analyzes the case of authoritarian governments in times between wars (nazism, fascism, stalinism) which clearly distinguished among different people, mavericks and peers. Mavericks were submitted to special police courts or were executed without due process. Later on, he analyzes the case of the United States during the last decades where the dominant criminal population belongs to Afro or Latin-American minorities and they are convicted by forced negotiations. The peers are treated according to Codes. Recently, antiterrorist criminal legislation (Patriotic Law) cancelled constitutional guarantees. Later on he refers to Latin-American National Security Military Governments which created two parallel criminal systems for the judgment of mavericks: a criminal system that eliminated them by means of unlimited administrative detentions and, on the other hand, another undercover illegal criminal system which eliminated people by direct death and forced disappearances, without the due process of law. Finally, the author analyzes the historical evolution of the “criminal legal knowledge of the enemy” as from the idea that transgressors are inferior people due to their impossibility to enter the world of pristine ideas. Then, medieval criminologists imposed the inquisitorial procedure. At a later time, “Criminological positivism” took place. Different people are much more dangerous than peers and the only possibility is to eliminate them. The author meditates and asserts that there is no conclusion because this is a “serious political problem”.

La Loi modifiant le Code criminel, la Loi sur l’identification par les empreintes genetiques et la Loi sur la defense nationale, L.C. 2005, ch. 25, a recu la sanction royale le 19 mai 2005, et modifie differentes regles relatives au prelevement et a l’utilisation de substances corporelles pour l’analyse d’empreintes genetiques, dans le Code criminel, la Loi sur l’identification des empreintes genetiques et la Loi sur la defense nationale. Le Code criminel modifie les definitions d’« infraction primaire designee », d’« infraction secondaire designee », les obligations du tribunal a l’egard de l’examen ou non du casier judiciaire d’une personne, les regles concernant le prelevement des echantillons de substances corporelles, et les differents modes d’analyse d’empreintes genetiques. La Loi sur l’identification des empreintes genetiques modifie les elements contenus dans le fichier des condamnes de la banque des donnees genetiques et la revision de ces renseignements, les regles de l’analyse des empreintes genetiques, l’utilisation des resultats et des regles et exceptions lies au stockage, a la destruction, a la transmission de renseignements et a l’acces aux renseignements concernant l’empreinte genetique des delinquants adultes et des delinquants juveniles. La Loi sur la defense nationale modifie les dispositions relatives au prelevement et a l’utilisation d’echantillons d’ADN. Les dispositions de la Loi, a l’exception des articles 5, 16, 17 et 30.1 qui sont entres en vigueur a la sanction royale, entreront en vigueur a la date ou aux dates fixees par decret du gouverneur en conseil. (Projet de loi C-13, 31 articles, p. 297-334).

An Act to amend the Criminal Code, the DNA Identification Act and the National Defence Act, S.C. 2005, c. 25, received Royal Assent on 19 May 2005, and amends various rules on the collection and use of forensic bodily substances for forensic DNA analysis in the Criminal Code, the DNA Identification Act and the National Defence Act. The Criminal Code amends the definitions of ‘primary designated offence’ and ‘secondary designated offence’, the obligations of court to consider or not a person’s criminal record, the rules regarding the collection of samples of bodily substances, and the various forms used for forensic DNA analysis. The DNA Identification Act amends what is contained under the convicted offenders index and the review of that information, the rules on forensic DNA analysis, the use of results and the rules and exceptions related to the storage, destruction, communication or access to information of ‘adult’ and ‘young offenders’ DNA. The National Defence Act amends the collection and use of DNA samples. The provisions of this Act, other than sections 5, 16, 17 and 30.1 which came into force upon Royal Assent, come into force on a day or days to be fixed by order of the Governor in Council. (Bill C-13, 31 sections, pp. 297-334).

An Act to Amend the Criminal Code (trafficking in persons), S.C. 2005, c. 43, received Royal Assent on 25 November 2005, and defines the trafficking of persons and prohibits the action, the economic benefits resulting from it, and the withholding, concealing, removing, or destruction of someone’s traveling papers which would facilitate traffic. The Act also defines what the exploitation of another person would consist of. The Act came into force upon Royal Assent. (Bill C-49, 9 sections, pp. 110-117).

La Loi modifiant le Code criminel (traite des personnes), L.C. 2005, ch. 43, a recu la sanction royale le 25 novembre 2005. Elle definit et interdit la traite des personnes ainsi que les avantages economiques decoulant de cette action. Elle interdit egalement toute action visant a retenir, cacher, enlever ou detruire les documents de voyage d’une personne en vue de faciliter le trafic, et donne des precisions concernant la definition de l’exploitation d’une autre personne. Cette loi est entree en vigueur a la sanction royale. (Projet de loi C-49, 9 articles, p. 110-117).

La Loi modifiant la Loi sur la defense nationale, la Loi sur l’identification par les empreintes genetiques et le Code criminel, L.C. 2000, ch. 10, a recu la sanction royale le 29 juin 2000, et autorise les juges militaires a delivrer un mandat permettant de prelever des substances corporelles et a ordonner de tels prelevements, et precise le reglement concernant les prelevements de substances corporelles en vue d’une analyse genetique a des fins medicolegales et l’utilisation des resultats de celle ci. La Loi comprend egalement des mesures en vue de l’inclusion des profils genetiques dans la banque nationale de donnees genetiques. Enfin, la Loi contient des indications sur le contenu, la procedure et les formalites applicables aux telemandats et aux mandats visant le prelevement de substances corporelles, ainsi que des mesures portant sur la communication de renseignements a la collectivite au sujet des personnes condamnees. L’article 25 de la Loi est entre en vigueur a compter de la sanction royale et les articles 1 a 24 de la Loi sont entres en vigueur le 30 juin 2000. (Projet de loi S-10, 26 articles, p. 301-324).

An Act to amend the National Defence Act, the DNA Identification Act and the Criminal Code, S.C. 2000, c. 10, received Royal Assent on 29 June 2000, and gives powers to military judges so they can issue DNA warrants and orders to provide bodily substances, clarifies the regulation concerning the taking of bodily substances for forensic DNA analysis and the use of its results, and includes measures for the inclusion of DNA profiles in the national DNA data bank. The Act includes information on the content, procedure and formalities regarding DNA and telewarrants, and measures on the communication of information to the community regarding convicted offender. Section 25 of the Act came into force upon Royal Assent. Sections 1 to 24 of the Act came into force on 30 June 2000. (Bill S-10, 26 sections, pp. 301-324).

Decree 75 issued by the Undersecretary of Public Health on 9 December 2005, amends Decree 140 of 2004 that approves the Organic Regulations of Health Services. It adds a new Title IV “Specialty Centers” in Chapter V on Health Facilities. The new Title IV defines specialty centers which may take the form of laboratories of any type, or blood and/or tissue banks, and other centers of specialized medical attention. It determines the internal organization of these centers and classifies them as of high, middle, or low complexity. (2 provisions; p. 5)

Resolution 000286 issued on 8 May 2006 by the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, amends Resolution 00051 of 10 February 2004, in the sense that renames the Forensic Chemistry and Geology Group as Forensic Chemistry Group, and creates the Forensic Geology Group, both dependent of the Bogota Regional Directorate. (4 provisions; p. 12)